Abstract: High energy loss fluid control is attained by subdividing flow of high pressure fluid into a plurality of individual streams in respective passageways having a long length to diameter ratio to impart high frictional resistance losses to the fluid flow, the passageways being in and between laminar surfaces and configurated along their lengths. For extremely high efficiency the passageways are in labyrinth formation.

Abstract: A one-piece truck bed liner is disclosed having its side walls formed in longitudinally extending stepped panels with riser and tread portions thereby defining substantially continuous horizontally disposed side rails for resisting bending stresses, cargo impact and frictional forces. The liner bottom and front walls are in ribbed form, connected by a transverse bend portion free of ribs, in a manner to avoid cargo impact to the bend area. The ribs in the liner front wall and the liner bottom wall adjacent the bend portion are formed shallower than in the main portion of the bottom wall section. The liner bottom wall ribs define passages having larger open cross-sectional areas than the front wall ribs for optimum venting air flow and strength to resist cargo bending stresses. The liner has border portions structured to conform with the truck bed tail gate access opening to avoid the entrance of foreign matter between the liner and truck bed while providing a custom appearance.

Abstract: Tough, stable copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene monomer and fluorovinyl ether monomers can be produced by polymerizing the monomers in perfluorinated or suitable non-perfluorinated hydrogen and chlorine containing fluorocarbon solvents by a process that requires that the reaction be carried out at from about 30.degree. to about 75.degree. C. in the presence of a low temperature initiator such as bis(perfluoro propionyl) peroxide and a hydrogen containing chain transfer agent such as methanol.

Abstract: MOS Control circuitry for incorporation on a microcomputer IC chip for assuring adequate power to maintain the data in an associated static random access memory. A rechargeable battery provides standby power, and the voltage level of the battery is compared with the microcomputer V.sub.cc supply. Whenever V.sub.cc drops below a predetermined level, such as the standby battery voltage level, the circuitry disconnects the V.sub.cc from the memory input power and replaces it with standby battery power. When V.sub.cc is returned to the system, a gate applies a trickle charge to the battery.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for writing text characters to a raster scan video display operted in an all-points-addressable, or graphics, mode, and for reading characters thus written. A graphic video display buffer directly refreshes the display with graphics data received from a microprogrammed processor. The processor writes a character to the display by selecting and loading into the graphics video display buffer a text character dot pattern retrieved from main storage, and reads a character previously written by comparing a dot pattern retrieved from the display buffer with dot patterns retrieved from main storage. To write a character to the display in color, the graphic dot image of a selected character retrieved from main storage is expanded to a selected pixel and color format, and stored in the graphics video display buffer.

Abstract: An elbow or knee joint for a hard space suit or similar usage is formed of three serially-connected rigid sections which have truncated spherical configurations. The ends of each section form solid geometric angles, and the sections are interconnected by hermetically-sealed ball bearings. The outer two sections are fixed together for rotation in a direction opposite to rotation of the center section. A preferred means to make the outer sections track each other in rotation comprises a rotatable continuous bead chain which engages sockets circumferentially spaced on the facing sides of the outer races of the bearings. The joint has a single pivot point and the bearing axes are always contained in a single plane for any articulation of the joint. Thus flexure of the joint simulates the coplanar flexure of the knee or elbow and is not susceptible to lockup.

Abstract: For use in hard space suits and the like, a joint between the torso covering and the upper arm covering (i.e., shoulder) or between the torso covering and upper leg covering (i.e., hip) is disclosed. Each joint has an outer covering and a inner covering. The outer covering has plural preferably truncated toroidal sections decreasing in size proceeding outwardly. In one embodiment at each joint there are two bearings, the first larger than the second. The outer race of the larger bearing is attached to the outer edge of the smaller end of each section and the inner race of the larger bearing is attached to the end wall. The inner race of the smaller bearing is attached to the end wall. The outer race of the smaller bearing is attached to the larger end of the next section. Each bearing has appropriate seals. Between each section is a rubber ring for the comfort of the wearer. Such rubber rings have radial flanges attached to the inner races of two adjacent bearings.

Abstract: A permanently tackified leather glove having its inner surface detackified with a solution containing nitrocellulose and silicone resins and process for making same as well as the leather therefor.

Abstract: The lower aperture of helmet body A is provided with an annular element B consisting of at least two segments: one fixed segment B.sub.3 secured to said body and the other or other segments B.sub.1 -B.sub.2 retained to the former by hinges 26. Said segments are bound to each other by a latch K on the adjacent ends of the segments, said segments being provided, at their top edges, with restrained joints 14, and adjacent to their lower edges, with fins 32 apt to retain a padding cooperating with the wearer's nape and jaw.

Abstract: A sanitary cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning water discharger and an additional apparatus (such as a drier) having a sanitary function, and a set of switches operatively connected to the cleaning water discharger and the additional apparatus, respectively. When a switch is manually operated, a first setting control sets the energization amount of the cleaning water discharger and/or the additional apparatus to a first set value. When a second setting control is manually operated, the energization amount is changed to a second set value set by the second setting control. When a human body detector is turned off, the energization amount is returned from the second value to the first value.

Abstract: Apparatus for helping a person to get in or out of a bath comprises a seat mounted at the lower end of a carrier which is suspended at its upper end from the upper end of the push rod of a hydraulic jack having its cylinder fixed vertically in position adjacent the end of the bath. The push rod is extended to lift the carrier by supplying mains water to the cylinder under the control of a valve, the push rod being guided vertically and restrained laterally by a pair of fixed vertical guide channels in which run wheels mounted at the end of a cross bar fixed to the upper end of the push rod. The upper end of the carrier simply hooks over the cross bar, and when the push rod is fully extended the carrier hangs from the cross bar with wheels mounted at the back of the carrier at its lower end resting against and restrained by an anchor plate fixed in position above the upper edge of the bath.

Abstract: A shower stall assembly includes a one-piece molded PVC door that has an outwardly curved main section, integral handles and an outer perimeter which overlaps the perimeter frame about the opening of a shower stall. The shower stall has a header section which connects two sliders, each on a transverse rail member. One rail member spans the shower stall opening and the other rail member extends rearwardly to the rear shower stall wall. The shower stall door can be pivoted inwardly from its closed position to an open position in the shower stall.

Abstract: A metal bed having a frame with side and end members and transverse beams connected to the side members, two of these beams being larger and stronger than the others and being located adjacent to opposite ends of the frame and serving as leg-support beams and providing pockets into which the attached leg assemblies are adapted to be folded for shipment or storage, the leg assemblies being unfoldable to upright frame-supporting position. Various embodiments of leg assemblies are disclosed.

Abstract: A combined bottle opener and stopper (10) comprises a metal plate (12) with side edges (14) and (16) bent downward and inwardly. A rubber pad 26 is attached to the bottom face of the plate. Teeth (38a, 38b) are formed on the inner sides of the bent edges for engagement with serrations on the periphery of the cap to be removed. These teeth allow removal of threaded crown caps by unscrewing the caps in the position of engagement between their serrations and the teeth of the opener. Bent edges (14, 16) have different heights with the difference corresponding to the pitch of the thread on a threaded bottle neck. For temporary closing the bottle, i.e., with beer or carbonated water, the device is screwed onto the threaded bottle neck as a nut until the rubber pad is tightly pressed to the upper face of the bottle to hermetically close the latter.

Abstract: Cleaning equipment for the sealing surfaces of a vessel, includes a remote-controlled carriage for running along a sealing surface, and a cleaning unit carried by the carriage.

Abstract: An oral hygiene device comprising a detachable head and a handle into which the detachable head can be inserted. A plurality of detachable heads each having a different oral hygiene means thereon is also provided. The detachable heads and the handle form a system for complete oral hygiene home care unit.

Abstract: A windshield wiper has its wiper blade, in the longitudinal direction, held and guided relative to the wiper arm in several places. This prevents any undesired transverse and longitudinal play during the wiping motion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a magnetic pick-up attachment for conventional vacuum cleaners, the attachment being designed to be mounted under the housing of the cleaner and rearwardly of the vacuum intake to prevent the vacuum cleaner from being restricted in its movement. The attachment includes a magnet interposed between two oppositely disposed, protective, cover members which are secured to a bracket having an arm member and an end clamp. The attachment is secured to the side wall of the vacuum-cleaner housing by the end clamp, so as to project inwardly thereof. The arm further includes a longitudinal slot which allows lateral adjustment and placement of the magnet along the arm.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electric buffing machine which is equipped with an X-shaped buffing pad that is mounted to a similarly X-shaped pad holder. The arms of the pad holder have a wedge-shaped cross section that acts as an air foil to create air currents that flow up between the arms of the X-pad. The casing surrounding the pad has a specially designed tunnel-like spiral diffuser that guides the air currents entered into a collection box. The casing also has a flexible skirt mounted to the lower side thereof, extending around three-quarters of the casing periphery, which closes the gap between the casing and the floor. The chassis has two pairs of wheels and is designed so that when the buffing machine is turned off, the machine rests entirely on the wheels with the buffing pad raised off the ground. When the machine is turned on, the air currents pull the pad to the floor with a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for the manufacture of absorption pads for sorbing body fluid which is composed of two substantially identical so-called flake applicators each including a vacuum cylinder having shaped recesses which are so-called flake wheels. A first component layer of the absorption pad is produced on the first flake wheel and a second component layer is produced on the second flake wheel. The component layers produced on the first flake wheel are applied to the component layers produced on the second flake wheel by means of a transfer roll. A second transfer roll lifts the finished absorption pad from the second flake wheel and delivers the absorption pad by means of a vacuum belt to a machine for further processing.

Abstract: A clamping device comprises a holder in which an actuation arm is movable in a longitudinal directions. A fixed clamping jaw is carried by the holder and a movable clamping jaw is arranged within the holder opposite to the fixed clamping jaw and it is supported by at least two longitudinally spaced lever members which have a first pivotal connection to the holder, a second pivotal connection to the movable clamping jaw and a third pivotal connection to the actuator arm. An actuator is connected to the arm to move it backwardly and forwardly for opening and closing the jaws. The pivotal connecting points of the levers are chosen so that the pivotal points are disposed at substantially right angles to each other. The pivot pins are cylindrical hinge pins and the line between the pivotal connection of the lever to the jaw and to the fixed holder makes an angle of 45.degree. to the horizontal so that a larger distance between the points of support is possible.

Abstract: A device for providing a clamping joint comprises two elements (1,2) with complementary threads, each having a flange constituting a clamping surface. Clamping takes place upon relative axial displacement of the elements (1,2) which can be brought about by screws (4) arranged axially in bores in a flange (5) on one element. In order to prevent accidental disengagement of the elements, at least one of the threads adjoins at one end to a part (6) which is wedged against an opposing thread flank when the elements (1,2) are rotated in relation to each other over a predetermined end position.

Abstract: A propeller-spreader for tubular knitted fabric is disclosed, in which internal, fabric edge engaging propeller belts are driven by means of magnetic coupling with internal, magnetic drive sheaves. A spreader frame, of flat configuration, arranged to laterally distend tubular knitted fabric to flat, two-layer form, is supported by means of a pair of spaced, transversely extending rollers. Magnetically coupled drive elements are positioned between the transverse support rollers and are driven to rotate in synchronism with the rotations of the support rollers. Ideally, the spreader frame is supported and positioned exclusively by means of the transverse support rollers, in conjunction with the magnetic attraction of the magnetically coupled drive means.

Abstract: A two component cartridge case which may be of dissimilar materials including a tubular casing component with a mouth for receiving a projectile and reduced diameter shank with male threads to be received by the base component with corresponding female threads, recessed pocket on its centerline for holding a primer and a flange for engaging a firearm extraction mechanism.The components, both tubular casing and base, are carefully proportioned to allow only a minimum of the base to enter a sizing die during sizing operations thus permitting ease of sizing using conventional (ordinary) sizing dies, while using a hard material in the base component for added strength.The components are shaped to permit manufacture of the tubular casing component from existing conventional cartridge cases or from specially headed two diameter cartridge cases.

Abstract: A machine for attaching wire leads to cans for housing electrical components. The machine includes a plurality of split dies mounted on the spokes of a rotatable spindle for receiving and holding wire leads, and an index drive for rotatably indexing the spindle and split dies to a plurality of work stations, including a wire feed station, a wire upsetting station, a can staking station and a discharge station. At the wire feed station, a plurality of reciprocating plungers feed wire leads of predetermined length to the split dies so that one end of the wires project from the face of the split dies. At the wire upsetting station, a plurality of reciprocating punches upset and head the wire leads at a location spaced from their ends while at the can staking station a plurality of reciprocating punches feed cans having bottom holes over the headed ends of the wire leads as far as the heads and stake the ends of the wire leads to attach the leads to the cans.

Abstract: A file/rasp tool has upstanding teeth with curved cutting edges, arranged in a plurality of rows. The rasp teeth are of generally pyramidal shape and have a cutting face with a positive rake or slope, such cutting face being defined by upwardly converging side edges surmounted by a cutting tip or edge of generally arcuate configuration having a radius of curvature at least equal to the depth of the teeth. The file teeth have cutting edges including a cap portion at the tip of the tooth and extending therefrom at a forward angle to the front face of the tooth. Such tooth configurations provide a tool which has an extended useful life.

Abstract: A press roller is provided which permits adjustable bowing under load. The press roller has a hollow, rotatable roller casing through which a stationary cross head extends. A semi-circular pressure chamber is formed between the cross head and the roller casing. In this chamber, two annular pistons are provided which rest on one end surface of the inner surface of the roller casing and are guided in a sealing manner in recesses in the cross head. To prevent bending oscillations by the cross head, the annular pistons enclose substantially rigid fluid cushions which are isolated from one another.

Abstract: An annular beam 46 which is hollow and which extends circumferentially about an annular flow path 22, 24 for working medium gases is disclosed. The annular beam supports and positions both a shroud 42 and a fabric 44 for containing particles having axial and radial velocity. The annular beam has a first wall 48 and a second wall 50. The second wall is spaced radially from the first wall. A plurality of annular plates 52 extending circumferentially about the interior of the beam. The plates are attached to the first wall and to the second wall. In one detailed embodiment the annular plates have a C-shaped cross section formed of a circumferentially extending rib 58 and two axially oriented legs 60, 62. The radial height of the rib is many times greater than the radial height of the legs. A method of fabricating the annular beam is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a solar energy collector assembly of the integral storage type is disclosed herein. This assembly utilizes a specifically designed storage arrangement which is expanded into its final shape from an initial collapsed configuration. In the specific embodiment disclosed, the storage arrangement includes many of its own design features apart from the overall collector assembly and serves as the main structural component of the entire assembly.

Abstract: A pipe material is tightly clamped into a first pair of split forming dies to form a first formed tubular body which comprises a cylindrical wall part and a flat wall part, and then the first formed body is clamped tightly into a second pair of split forming dies, the interior of which is formed to be complementary to a toothed rack to be produced on the flat wall part. A mandrel is then forcefully inserted, either with or without vibration, into the bore of the first formed part while contained within the second forming dies, so that the teeth of a rack are formed on the flat wall of the first formed part by plastic deformation. A rack thus produced from a pipe material is light in weight and inexpensive, while functionally equivalent to a rack conventionally produced by machining from a round bar.

Abstract: A tool for connecting a pair of pipes through a coupling pipe includes a handle connected to a curved member, a semicircular plate connected rotatably with the curved member through a link, and a crescent-shaped plate extending from the curved member. The curved member has a supporting point at the ends of its bending portion and a point of application at the top of its projecting portion. The semicircular plate is connected rotatably with the supporting point through a pair of links, and fixed close to an edge of a coupling pipe so as to settle the tool. The crescent-shaped plate is connected rotatably at its neck portion with the point of application of the curved member through a pair of middle links. A pair of upper and lower portions of the crescent-shaped plate are adapted to engage with the pipe to be connected with offsetting to the axial direction of the pipe.

Abstract: A planar workpiece such as a printed circuit board or a ceramic substrate for an integrated circuit is aligned by apparatus including three pivotal cams that initially fit relatively loosely in three apertures in the workpiece. As the cams are rotated, they contact the sides of the apertures and thereby urge the workpiece into a centered and aligned position.

Abstract: An apparatus automatically manufactures a succession of slide fasteners with flies from a continuous slide fastener chain having a pair of intermeshed rows of coupling elements with element-free spaces therein and stringer tapes supporting the rows of coupling elements, respectively, with the flies sewn to one of the tapes.

Abstract: An improved pressure type connection on stepped-thread Hydril-type tubing and casing tool joints is disclosed, wherein a secondary sealing means is included between the stepped threaded areas of the Hydril-type connector. The secondary sealing means includes an annular ring of relatively rigid, internally tenacious plastic or rubber material, which serves to contain well pressure if the metal-to-metal sealing surfaces on the pin and box members of the Hydril-type connector are damaged. With such secondary sealing rings, damaged Hydril-type connectors can still be used, without having to scrap same, or having to repair the damaged area at great expense.

Abstract: A system for automatically inserting the leads of electrical components into circuit boards is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, an electrical component is acquired by the robot. The leads of the component have been trimmed and preformed such that they are substantially parallel with respect to each other with the leads differing in length. The robot positions the component at a fixed location relative to the axis of the robot and within the view of an optical sensor such as a TV camera. The sensor determines the location of each of the leads relative to a fixed location. A first rotary motion rotates the component about a selected axis of the robot through a predetermined angle and a second measurement is made. A second rotation positions the component 180.degree. from the original position and a third measurement is made.

Abstract: A method of constructing a brake pedal comprises the steps of generating a continuous tubular member (18) by pultruding a thermoplastic or B staged thermosetting plastic resin through a die (16), attaching cross members (26 and 28) to the continuous tubular member (18), cutting the continuous tubular member (18) into segments (30 . . . 30.sup.N) of predetermined length, and deforming each segment (30 . . . 30.sup.N) to substantially define a pedal (60). The resin carries strands (14) and the segments (30 . . . 30.sup.N) are exposed to heat and pressure to permanently set the shape of the pedal (60). The cross members (26 and 28) are used to pivotally secure the brake pedal (60) to a vehicle in its installed position and also to connect the brake pedal (60) to an input member for a master cylinder or brake booster assembly.

Abstract: A surgical drape has an upper surface and a surgical site, and has a fluid collection bag attached to the upper surface. The bag has a first opening, a lower, fluid-collection chamber, and a second opening. The drape and bag are constructed such that when they are in their normal operational position, they are positioned such that the surgical site is above and in fluid communication with the first opening, the first opening is above and in fluid communication with the lower chamber, and the second opening is above and in fluid communication with the lower chamber.

Abstract: An installation for manually assemblying electrical and electronic components on a printed circuit board using a display device for optically identifying the respective assembly positions of the component on the board, at least one magazine with a removable position for supplying the required component and an arithmetic unit for controlling the display device and selection of the particular magazine characterized by the magazine being designed to carry all components for a large number of different printed circuit boards and an identification device which is connected to the arithmetic unit to identify the particular circuit board which is being supplied, sending a signal to the arithmetic unit to identify the board so that the arithmetic unit provides the necessary assembly program.

Abstract: A process for making an integrated cirucit EPROM having an array of EPROM devices and CMOS peripheral circuits, including blanket depositions of a first and a second polysilicon layers on a silicon substrate and removing portions of those polysilicon layers. The EPROM floating gate is made from the first polysilicon layer, and the EPROM control gate as well as the P-channel and N-channel gates of the peripheral transistors are all made from the second polysilicon layer. Independently adjustable thresholds for each of the three device types are made possible by forming an N-well at the substrate region at which the P-channel device is to be built, blanket implanting all three channels prior to selectively forming the first polysilicon layer over the EPROM region, and then selectively doping the channels of the N- and P-channel devices only.

Abstract: Double diffused power MOSFET's and methods of manufacture. The source, base and drain regions of a double diffused power MOSFET correspond respectively to the emitter, base and collector of a parasitic bipolar transistor. Double diffused power MOSFET's perform better when provided with an ohmic short between the source and base regions to prevent turn-on of the parasitic bipolar transistor. In one form of ohmic short between the base and source regions, the source terminal comprises a metallic electrode, preferably aluminum, deposited over the source region, and the ohmic short comprises at least one microalloy spike extending from the source terminal metallic electrode through the source region and partly into the base region. Such microalloy spikes are formed by heating the semiconductor substrate after the metallic electrode has been deposited under appropriate conditions. In another form, a V-groove is formed by preferential etching in the source and base regions.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and method for making same having dielectrically isolated individual elements such as transistors, diodes, et al. Some of the isolated elements having fuses formed integral thereto.

Abstract: A commutator of the arch-thrust type and process for its production, wherein at least one annular slot is provided in its segment set which is located concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the commutator and into which an armoring ring is placed which is under tension. In order to be able to produce the commutator in a cost-effective manner in spite of a high dynamic and thermal load capability, the segments are provided with punches forming the annular slots. The boundary surface of the annular slot which serves as a support of the armoring ring defines a polygon and is maintaining the insulation using molded plastic or air between the segments which are separated by insulation material radial outwardly of the annular slot.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of a collector in the form of a collector ring for use with direct current electric machines. The process consists of heating the collector ring, comprising copper sheets and insulating mica plates, assembled in a conventional apparatus by means of an inductor coaxial with the ring, and of exposing the collector ring to a radial pressure by applying to the apparatus a pressure of a predetermined value by means of a press.

Abstract: A millimeter coupled cavity travelling wave tube has its slow wave structures formed by a hobbing process. In a preferred construction, each slow wave structure is made of two individual halves each extending for the length of the structure. Each half contains one half of each cavity and one half of each beam hole and all of the portions of cavity and portions of beam hole in each half are formed in one hobbing operating. Coupling holes between cavities are formed where required by a process (e.g. spark erosion) separate from hobbing and if ferrules or drift tubes are required to extend out of the cavity separating walls in the finished tube, the beam coupling holes are made oversized and individual ferrules are brazed into position. The two halves of the slow wave structure are united by furnace brazing.

Abstract: A feedthrough is provided for mounting in and electrically insulating a conductive wire from the casing of a device such as a battery cell for a cardiac pacer. The feedthrough is a non-glass member at least a portion of which was cured in situ and formed to a shape and size generally complementary to the shape and size of the casing opening through which it is mounted and to the shape and size of the conductive wire that it mounts.

Abstract: A high temperature, solid electrolyte electrochemical cell is made, having a first and second electrode with solid electrolyte between them, where the electrolyte is formed by hot chemical vapor deposition, where a solid, interlayer material, which is electrically conductive, oxygen permeable, and protective of electrode material from hot metal halide vapor attack, is placed between the first electrode and the electrolyte, to protect the first electrode from the hot metal halide vapors during vapor deposition.

Abstract: An apparatus, for assembling a pair of fastener elements of a garment fastener, includes a safe-confirmation member mounted on a lower end of a vertically movable supporting rod supported by a frame in parallel relation to a punch-carrying plunger, and a drive means for moving the supporting rod vertically between an uppermost position in which the safe-confirmation member is disposed around a punch, and a lowermost position in which the safe-confirmation member is disposed around the die in the absence of the operator's finger or a tool near the die. Upon arrival of the safe-confirmation member at the lowermost position, a detecting means produces a command signal to start lowering of the punch toward the die.

Abstract: A double pinch-push contact insertion end-effector for performing contact insertion on a universal basis. End-effector comprises a front jaw assembly which is moveable relative to a rear jaw assembly. Each jaw assembly comprises a pair of jaws, where each pair is individually actuable to effect contact insertion.

Abstract: A method of making an aperture of a predetermined shape into a dielectric substrate which will lockingly receive a deformable contact pin. It includes providing a dielectric material which shrinks in response to a heat treatment by an amount which is different in one direction from that in another direction, and which irreversibly changes dimensions in its two orthogonal directions in proportion to this difference. An aperture is formed in such a material, in a direction normal to the plane of the two orthogonal directions and the material is subjected to a heat treatment that causes a differential shrinkage in the aperture and a change in the shape of the aperture. A deformable contact pin is then forced into a locking position in the aperture.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved machine for inserting a plurality of pins from a continuous webbing of pins into a motherboard. The machine has a pair of plier-like jaws with interior confronting surfaces for grasping and holding the pins when the jaws are closed. The two jaws, which extend downward, are separated from each other above the confronting surfaces to provide an opening through the jaws. The continuous webbing is fed through this opening with the pins extending down between the confronting surfaces of the jaws. When the desired number of pins are between the jaws, the jaws close to grasp the pins and the carrier strip is then separated from the pins. The jaws are then moved downward to insert the pins into the motherboard with the opening preventing interference with the carrier strip.