Abstract: A stabilized fracturing fluid and a method of stabilizing a fracturing fluid containing at least one of guar gum and a derivative thereof is disclosed, comprising adding at least one stabilizing compound selected from 2-mercaptobenzimidazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole compounds to the fracturing fluid. This stabilization prevents degradation of the fracturing fluid, i.e., reduction in its rheological properties at high temperatures and permits smoothly carrying out the fracturing operation.

Abstract: A moldable composition for use in making sealing members for articles is disclosed. The composition is a mixture of a major amount of an elastomeric material, an amount of filler at least 30 parts per hundred by weight of said elastomeric material, a sufficient amount of catalyst to polymerize said elastomeric material and an amount of oil between 2.5 and 20 parts per hundred by weight of said elastomeric material said oil being incompatible with said elastomeric material. Surface portions of said sealing members have inherent lubricity thus lowering the coefficient of friction of said members.

Abstract: Zwitterionic (internal) imidazoline acid phosphates provide effective friction reducing and anti-wear characteristics for lubricant compositions when incorporated therein.

Abstract: New products having the structure of arylphosphines or of derivatives of arylphosphines with an oxygen or sulphur atom directly bonded to the phosphorus atom, containing perfluoroalkylether chains, characterized in that such chains are bonded to the benzene ring through a non-perfluorinated bridge, and are obtained by a process substantially decreasing their production costs, and suitable to be used as stabilizers of perfluoropolyether oils and greases to prevent their degradation in the presence of metals, and the corrosion of the same metals, such as, e.g., Al, Ti, V, or their alloys, when operating in oxidizing and high-temperature environments.

Abstract: A crankcase lubricating oil composition for slow speed marine diesel engines characterized by having a Total Base Number from about 3 to 10 containing a mineral lubricating oil, an overbased calcium alkylphenolate, a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, an alkylated diphenylamine, and a rust-inhibiting amount of at least one dialkoxylated alkylpolyoxyalkyl primary amine.

Abstract: A bleach activator composition in the form of spray-dried granules having an inner core comprising water-soluble organic peroxyacid bleach precursor and a surface coating comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible, inorganic hydratable material, and wherein the composition has a pH (1% aqueous solution) in the range from about 3 to about 8.The compositions have excellent storage stability and water dispersibility together with simplified processing. Bleach and laundry compositions containing the bleach activator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A detergent composition containing a stabilized active halogen source is disclosed. An active halogen source, such as a hypochlorite, in aqueous solution, is stabilized by combining it with known anhydrous or partially anhydrous builders, as well as fillers, defoamers, polyelectrolytes, and hydroxides to form a solid detergent composition. The aqueous solution of the active halogen source is first combined with at least one sulfonamide. The destaining activity of the halogen remains effective even after a prolonged storage period.

Abstract: A process for producing a solid, cold-water soluble, sulfate containing aluminum chloride composition suitable for use as a waste water clarifying agent comprising introducing alkali aluminate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrated aluminum oxide into a spray drier and recovering the resulting solid product.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an anode, a cathode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte solution. The anode is an intimate gelled mixture of a powdered metal, an aqueous electrolyte solution and an agent capable of gelling the mixture. The agent is a material capable of absorbing water and having a carbohydrate backbone which has a water soluble side chain grafted thereon. A preferred agent is a water insoluble salt of an aqueous alkali saponified gelatinized starch having a water soluble side chain grafted thereon. The gelling of the intimate mixture of the powdered metal anode and electrolyte solution with the agent is a method of improving the discharge characteristics of the cell.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aralkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, aralkylthio or cycloalkylthio, Y is a radical of the formula ##STR2## and the rings A and B may be further substituted or fused to a benzene ring, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl, or together with the nitrogen atom form piperidino, pyrrolidino or morpholino, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl, are particularly useful as dyes in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of unreacted particulate petroleum coke substantially comprising carbon and containing a small amount of ash substantially comprising vanadium constituents and other materials from a process for the partial oxidation of petroleum coke to produce synthesis gas is mixed with C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 acyclic and/or cyclic alkanols and a frothing agent. After pH adjustment, if necessary, the mixture is subjected to aeration with or without mechanical agitation in a froth flotation zone. About 60 to 95 wt. % of the unconverted particulate petroleum coke (basis carbon) particles float in the froth layer that is formed. The remainder of the unconverted petroleum coke comprising coarser particles is suspended in a bottom aqueous dispersion on which the froth layer floats. In addition, selective separation of the vanadium constituents in the unconverted petroleum coke ash takes place.

Abstract: A process for producing synthesis gas by catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons with steam in a reaction zone which is subjected to heat exchange with a combustion gas and recycling heat exchanged combustion gas to a combustion zone. The invention further relates to an apparatus suitable for said process.

Abstract: Electrical contact materials based on AgCdO with CdO as the main active component have proven to be particularly advantageous for low voltage switchgear in the power industry. However, when switching AgCdO contact materials, CdO, which is classified as toxic, can escape into the environment through burn-off. It is important, therefore, to keep the CdO content as low as possible in the contact material, or to exclude it completely. The contact material according to the invention is a sintered contact material consisting of AgSnO.sub.2 with at least two other metal oxide additives; namely, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, CuO and optionally CdO. Relative to SnO.sub.2, these additives Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, CuO optionally CdO, amount quantitatively to a total maximum of 25 percent by volume of the total amount of oxide.

Abstract: Fragranced compositions and fragranced articles containing an aroma-augmenting or aroma-enhancing amount of a 2,3-dihydrofuran corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R** is an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or a methyl group, and a process for obtaining same are provided.

Abstract: A detergent composition containing a semi-polar nonionic detergent, an alkaline earth metal salt of an anionic detergent, and an amidoalkylbetaine. The composition is especially useful for the removal of greasy soils and has good suds mileage.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating mixtures of radioactively contaminated water and radioactively contaminated water-immiscible organic liquids to produce a decontaminated organic liquid which can be disposed of in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A nuclear waste packaging facility for receiving both contact and remote handled nuclear waste in portable shipping containers and encapsulating this waste into ground-disposable modules is disclosed herein. The facility generally comprises a separately shielded section for processing remote handled waste including various remotely-controlled winches and conveyors, as well as a second, separately shielded section for processing contact handled waste. A module transportation and loading section is disposed between the remote and contact handled waste sections of the facility, and places empty module containers in a loading position adjacent each of the two, separately shielded sections of the facility. Both the contact and remote handled waste sections include radiation and ultrasonic detectors for determining the radioactive level of the waste, and whether or not any of this waste is in liquid form.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid esters are produced by reacting an unsaturated hydrocarbon, for example an olefin or an alkyne, with carbon monoxide and an alcohol in the presence of a protonic acid and as catalyst (a) at least one of the metals palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and cobalt, and (b) copper. In a modification of the invention carboxylic acids are produced by omitting the alcohol reactant and replacing it with water in an amount up to 8 mole equivalents based on the unsaturated hydrocarbon and a solvent other than an alochol, for example tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: A process for converting an alkoxyalkadiene to an alkyl dialkoxyalkanoate is disclosed. The process involves contacting an alkoxyalkadiene with carbon monoxide and an alkanol in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a cobalt catalyst.

Abstract: A new class of compounds, the alkyl 9-alkoxy-7-nonenoates, is disclosed. These compounds are important intermediates in the synthesis of sebacic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulfonated aromatic amines starting with the corresponding aromatic amine sulfate salt which employes a rotating reactor in which there is maintained a rapidly moving heated cascading bed of solid particles composed largely of the final product whose temperature is above or brought above the rearrangement temperature. The reactants are fed to the bed at such a rate that the cascading movement of the bed is unaffected. The heat imparted to the amino hydrogen sulfate within the bed by the surrounding particles orient the desired rearrangement to take place along with the vaporization and elimination of water.

Abstract: A motor supported by a float drives an impeller having eight symmetrically oriented vertical vanes radially attached to a cylindrical hub submerged below the surface of a wastewater lagoon. The size, position, and rotation rate of the impeller are selected to centrifugally expel wastewater between the vanes and cause a vacuum therebetween. An air vortex is produced between the lagoon surface and the top of the impeller, drawing air along the shaft of the impeller into the vacuum region. The incoming air and water is "sheared" by the vanes, causing great turbulence producing a mixture of water with millions of minute air bubbles entrained which is centrifugally thrown outward by the impeller, producing a deep, large radius zone of influence. The minute bubbles remain in the wastewater for a relatively long period of time, greatly improving dissolved oxygen levels. An air screw device disposed in the air vortex region increases the efficiency of the device.

Abstract: A molding process for producing a molded plastic product with a resin coating layer formed on its surface, which comprises electrostatically coating a powdery resin composition on the inner surface of a mold, filling and molding a plastic material in the mold to form a molded plastic product, and plasticizing, under compression, said powdery resin composition by the heat of the filled plastic material and/or by the heat for molding the filled plastic material, to form a resin coating layer securely bonded to the surface of the molded plastic product by anchor effect.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane of a cellulose ester for dialysis of body liquids, such as blood, and a method are described. The membrane, which has a membrane thickness of less than 20.mu., and a yield strength S.sub.b (g/filament) after heat-treatment at 80.degree. C. for 20 hours satisfies the following formula (I):0.90.ltoreq.S.sub.b /S.sub.a .ltoreq.1.10 (I)wherein S.sub.a represents the yield strength (g/filament) of the hollow fiber membrane which is measured before heat treatment. The membrane has excellent dialysis performance while keeping excellent storage stability and excellent UFR retention during storage and during hemodialysis. A spinning solution of a cellulose ester is extruded through cyclic slits around an inner tube of a spinneret while a core solution is simultaneously extruded through the inner tube of the spinneret.

Abstract: A method for molding articles where a composition is used to treat at least one shape determining face of a mold to impart durable release characteristics to said face which last through multiple molding cycles. The compositions comprise by weight 20 parts of primarily hydroxyl endblocked polydimethylsiloxane, 2 to 10 parts of alkyltriacetoxysilane, 20 to 80 parts of nonreactive organic solvent, and, optionally, 0.001 to 2 parts organometallic catalyst.

Abstract: A steam expandable alkenyl aromatic polymer composition and methods of preparation are provided. The composition is mixed with a volatile blowing agent containing, as a primary blowing agent, dichlorodifluoromethane and as a secondary blowing agent, a halogenated hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic alcohol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the secondary blowing agent having a normal atmospherpic boiling point of from about 0.degree. to about 100.degree. C. The composition may be expanded by steam immediately after extrusion foaming or may be expanded after aging of the composition which has been impregnated with volatile blowing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of polybenzimidazole foams. Polybenzimidazoles containing 10 to 30 percent by weight residual solvent can be heated at a temperature of about 350.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. to produce three dimensional foamed articles.

Abstract: Chemical preparation techniques involving co-precipitation of metals are used to provide micro-structural characteristics necessary in order to produce ZnO varistors and their precursors for high field applications. The varistors produced have homogeneous and/or uniform dopant distributions and a submicron average grain size with a narrow size distribution. Precursor powders are prepared via chemical precipitation techniques and varistors made by sintering uniaxially and/or isostatically pressed pellets. Using these methods, varistors were made which were suitable for high-power applications, having values of breakdown field, E.sub.B, in the 10-100 kV/cm range, .alpha.>30 and densities in the range of 65-99% of theoretical, depending on both composition and sintering temperature.

Abstract: A method for encapsulating an electrical component or forming a resin based filler reinforced composite article which comprises providing a rigid mold having a cavity and an opening in one surface of the mold connected to the cavity, and a chamber in which the mold is placed for applying heat and varying pressure to the mold contents. The chamber is preheated to the curing temperature of the resin and is maintained at this temperature. The component or filler is loaded into the mold cavity and the mold is placed in the preheated chamber. Then the mold cavity is filled with a low viscosity heat curable, thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin. Next, the mold cavity is evacuated to a subatmospheric pressure to impose a vacuum on the mold to impregnate the component or filler with the resin, degas the mold cavity contents, and expand any voids in the resin. The vacuum is released to atmospheric pressure to collapse any gas bubbles remaining in the mold contents.

Abstract: Compression moldings are produced from finely divided thermoplastic polymers by a method in which the polymer particles are mixed with an effective amount of amorphous silica before being subjected to compression molding.Compression moldings of this type are used for the preparation of finishes, paints and lubricating oils, depending on the type of the polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of and a device for producing bundles of hollow fibers such as used for dialysis. The device includes a guiding device for a continuous fiber which rotates in a plane. At least two groups of take-up elements are mounted on a conveyor. The conveyor is intermittently activated so that a group of take-up elements is placed in a working position in the range of movement of the guiding device, and a strand of a desired thickness is wound around the take-up elements. Thereafter, the conveyor is activated to discharge the first group together with the completed strand from the working position and place the subsequent empty group of take-up elements in the working position, without interruption of movement of the guiding device. During the winding-up of the subsequent strand, the completed strand is cut and wrapped into bundles.

Abstract: An annular extrusion die for the production of a tubular thermoplastic film web material, such as an annular extrusion die including a filtering arrangement for the formulation of a more consistently or uniformly distributed polymer melt conveyed to the die orifice of the extrusion die which will impart improved properties to the extruded thermoplastic film material. Also disclosed is a method of producing an improved extruded thermoplastic film web material through the utilization of the inventive extrusion die arrangement. A cavity or die flow chamber within the body of the annular extrusion die is filled with a particulate inert material of either uniform granular size or of random sizes, so as to force the polymer melt being conveyed towards the die orifice to randomly flow through the interstices which are present between the particles of the granular material, and thereby uniformly fill the cavity.

Abstract: Core material of shaped glass fiber board is impregnated with resin in outer surface portions, the resin is cured, an additional resin casing is formed therearound, and the additional resin is cured. Glass strands may be included with the resin impregnation, and a continuous strand mat, a veil mat, and glass rovings may be included with the resin encasing.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for calendering of thermoplastic material are disclosed. An endless belt is interposed between the calendered material and the last calender roll which belt conveys the thermoplastic calendered sheet around the last calender roll and toward the stripper roll. The thermoplastic calendered sheet does not come into contact with the final calender roll surface. After cooling the film should strip easily off the endless belt. Consequently, problems originating in sheet adhesion to the final calender roll will be reduced if not eliminated.

Abstract: A shrinkable foam mandrel that can be easily removed and composite resin transfer molding process that uses the foam mandrel. The foam is dimensionally stable at a first temperature that typically corresponds to the cure temperature of the composite resin. The foam is capable of irreversibly shrinking to less than about 0.5 said foam's original size at a second tempertaure that is above said first tempertaure. The foam is encapsulated by a non-stick elastomer skin and covered with fibers. The fiber covered elastomer encapsulated foam is disposed in a female mold cavity and resin is injected into the female mold cavity. The resin and fibers are cured and the resulting composite component is removed from the female mold. The temperature is raised to the second temperature and the elastomer encapsulated foam male mandrel irreversibly shrink to less than about 0.5 its original size. Finally the shrunken male mandrel is removed from said composite component.

Abstract: Ski upper- and lower-surface constituting materials are set in position in a mold provided with a space appropriate for the dimensional distribution of the padding for the ski. The ski upper-surface constituting material is arranged so that a resin sheet of ABS resin, etc. constitutes the outer surface of ski. The inner upper surface of the upper mold piece is formed in a curved surface having, for example, grooves. A foamy resin is injected to fill the space between the ski upper and lower constituting materials. The foaming pressure raised by the foamy resin will press the resin sheet against the inner upper surface of the upper mold piece with resulting deformation of the resin sheet. Thus one may obtain a ski which is provided on its upper surface with projections.

Abstract: A fast breeder reactor has a nuclear reactor container filled with a liquid metal, a reactor core disposed within the nuclear reactor container, and a first supporting structural member which is mounted to the nuclear reactor container such as to support the reactor core. The fast breeder reactor is provided with a cylindrical structural member which surrounds the periphery of the reactor core such as to define an annular gap between the cylindrical structural member and the reactor core for allowing the liquid metal to exist therein, the cylindrical structural member being mounted to the nuclear reactor container by means of a second supporting structural member. The inertial resisting force produced when the liquid metal existing in the annular gap will flow out from the annular gap in response to the vibration of the reactor core acts such as to suppress the vibration of the reactor core, thereby allowing an improvement in the anti-vibration properties of the fast breeder reactor.

Abstract: A process for reliably and consistently producing astatine-211 in small controlled volumes of a solution, which is selected from a choice of solvents that are useful in selected radiopharmaceutical procedures in which the At-211 activities are to be applied.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor including, in the upper internals, a guide structure capable of effectively accommodating and guiding without binding the large number of neutron-absorber rods included in modern reactors of improved efficiency. The neutron-absorber rods include control rods, gray rods, and water-displacement rods. All rods are suspended in clusters from spiders or vanes. The upper internals of the reactor includes cruciform guides for the control-rod and gray-rod clusters. Each of these guides is composed of a plurality of vertical guide sections of transverse cruciform cross section. Plates extending throughout the cross-section of the reactor are supported between each pair of successive guide sections. The plates are perforated, the perforations in each plate being patterned to pass the water-displacement rod clusters. The plates are oriented so that the patterned perforations are aligned to serve as guides for the water-displacement rod clusters.

Abstract: A vessel for the storage and monitoring of nuclear fuel materials incorporates a device (12) within its interior for providing an externally detectable signal indicating whether any temperature rise has occurred. The device (12) comprises a magnet (32) attracted towards a boundary wall (11) of the vessel and maintained in that position by a temperature-sensitive element such as a thermal link (38). The magnet (32) is subjected to an oppositely directed force by a spring (30), which is effective to drive the magnet (32) away from the wall (11) in the event of a substantial temperature rise within the vessel thereby producing an externally detectable change in magnetic flux.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer carried by rod means of dimensions such that it may be inserted in the assembly between an end piece and the caps of the element, and a crossed movement moving mechanism for bringing the transducer above the different elements. It further comprises a mechanism for moving rod elements in the longitudinal direction of the fuel elements. The transducer is set up on rod elements with at least one degree of freedom about a shaft transversal to the fuel elements so as to be able to be applied flat against the end face of a cap.

Abstract: An improved liquid metal nuclear reactor construction has a reactor core and a generally cylindrical reactor vessel for holding a large pool of low pressure liquid metal coolant and housing the core within the pool. The reactor vessel has an open top end, a closed flat bottom end wall and a continuous cylindrical closed side wall interconnecting the top end and bottom end wall. The reactor also has a generally cylindrical concrete containment structure surrounding the reactor vessel and being formed by a cylindrical side wall spaced outwardly from the reactor vessel side wall and a flat base mat spaced below the reactor vessel bottom end wall. A central support pedestal is anchored to the containment structure base mat and extends upwardly therefrom to the reactor vessel and upwardly therefrom to the reactor core so as to support the bottom end wall of the reactor vessel and the lower end of the reactor core in spaced apart relationship above the containment structure base mat.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas-cooled nuclear reactor having graphite fuel elements in which, to reduce the reactor, a quenching element is introduced which takes a particle of a reaction-reducing substance in a sheath which will melt or release the substance in vapor form so that the substance can penetrate in gaseous form through the surrounding graphite body and deposit upon fuel elements.

Abstract: A method for fixing an alloy powder molding at sintering composition by placing an alloy powder molding formed by rolling a mixture of an alloy powder and a synthetic resin-based pressure-sensitive adhesive composition on a metal base material by interposing a composition between the molding and the base material until the molding is sintered, in the case that the alloy powder molding is placed on the metal base material and sintered after keeping at 150.degree. to 400.degree. C. for at least 5 minutes under a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the composition comprising as a main component an acrylic copolymer which comprises about 80 to 99.5% by weight of alkyl (meth)acrylate having an average carbon atom number of 2 to 12 in the alkyl moiety and about 20 to 0.5% by weight of a polymerizable monomer having a functional group in the molecule or a mixture of 100 parts by weight of the copolymer and about 0.

Abstract: A powdery material is prepared by atomization from a molten alloy having the following composition in weight percent: chromium: 10-30; aluminium: 1-25; carbon: less than 0.5; nickel: less than 10; iron: the balance, with a cooling speed at least equal to 400.degree. C./sec., for heat spraying having a grain size comprised between -150 and +27 microns of which the specific area is higher than 500 cm.sup.2 /g. Said material enables to form on a metal substrate a self-adhesive layer having a resistance to pulling by traction which is higher than 20 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: Economical but readily workable palladium alloys for baking on dental ceramics consist of 60 to 80% palladium, 0 to 8% gold, 0 to 5% platinum, 0 to 1% ruthenium and/or rhenium, 2 to 20% copper, 1 to 12% tin and/or indium, 0.2 to 5% of at least one of the elements tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, and tantalum, and 0 to 15% cobalt, with the proviso that the sum of tin and indium must be between 5 and 14%.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy consisting essentially of about the following percentages of materials:Si=14 to 18Fe=0.4 to 2Cu=4 to 6Mg=up to 1Ni=4.5 to 10P=0.001 to 0.1 (recovered)remainder grain refiner, Al and incidental impurities.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion due to dissolved oxygen is disclosed, whereby chelant-stabilized sodium erythorbate, alone or in combination with conventional corrosion inhibitors, is added to boiler water to prevent corrosion by reducing dissolved oxygen levels in boiler feedwater.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sterilizing objects, particularly hands, is disclosed in which an object is immersed in an agitated bed of small, porous particles charged with a liquid disinfectant. The agitated particles strike the object and release a microscopic amount of disinfectant onto the surface of the object, thereby killing contaminating microorganisms on the object.

Abstract: A method for sterilizing a substantially gas impermeable surface which is contaminated with spores comprises the steps of exposing the surface to a humid gaseous environment to enhance the susceptibility of the spores to subsequent chemosterilization, and then exposing the spores to an amount of gaseous chlorine dioxide in an inert carrier gas effective to sterilize the surface and a method for sterilizing an article contaminated with spores which comprises exposing the surface to a gaseous atmosphere comprised of chlorine dioxide gas and water vapor, wherein the amount of water vapor in said atmosphere is adapted to enhance the susceptibility of said spores to the sporicidal action of chlorine dioxide.