Abstract: A display device comprises a sealed flat container formed by two rectangular sheets of glass 10,11 spaced from each other by a small amount and sealed together by a glue layer 12 at their outer edges. The container encloses water and detergent, a quantity of air and fine sand 26. After settling of the sand in one direction, the container is inverted causing bubbles 27 of the air to rise and form a bubble layer partially supporting the sand while allowing it to percolate gradually downwardly between the bubbles.

Abstract: The device comprises at least one reflective flag carried by a lateral rod in its turn carried by a lower bracket. The bracket is constituted by a strip of stainless steel sheet or other weather-resistant material, shaped as an arcuate hairpin for gripping the upper part of the guard rail resiliently. In one embodiment, the flag is mounted on the rod so as to be pivotable and is biassed by a spring into a position in which it projects towards the carriageway.Preferably the flag includes a frame in which replaceable reflective sheets are inserted.

Abstract: A cartridge feed arrangement for an apparatus operating by means of an explosive charge and a loader to feed the apparatus.The invention relates to a cartridge feed device for an apparatus operating by means of an explosive charge, of the type in which, after unlocking the breech (4), the barrel (2) can be pivoted with respect to the breech (4) around an axis parallel to that of the gun barrel so as to bring into alignment with the axis of the cartridge chamber (6) a passage (5) containing a line of cartridges (14).The cartridges (14) are arranged in parallel lines in an annular space (7) located on the periphery of the breech (4). One line of cartridges being in a position such that after unlocking the breech (4) and pivoting the barrel (2) with respect to it, said line is located in the axis of the cartridge chamber (6).

Abstract: A fishing rod or rod section has a cross-section shaped to reduce lateral bending. The second moment of area in respect to lateral bending is greater than the second moment of area in relation to vertical bending. The cross-section may be hollow, the inner surface defined by two parallel sides connected by part-circular end surfaces there being an outer surface which may be circular or reduced in the region of the sides.

Abstract: A minnow bucket for containing live bait for fishing comprising a housing closed at both ends and having an access door in one upper side wall of the housing. The minnow bucket is characterized by having a lift plate or basket which may be raised above the normal water level in the bucket by means of an external handle to provide easy access to the bait without discomfort from placing the hand in cold water. The access opening is provided with a door which is linked to the same handle for automatic opening. Latch means are provided for holding the handle in raised position. Preferably the bucket is buoyant by the provision of at least one air-tight chamber associated with the minnow bucket.

Abstract: An insect trap, particularly suited to trapping fleas, comprises a flat, shallow rectangular pan adapted for resting on the floor, flypaper or other sticky substance confined in the pan for trapping the insects, a rectangular light reflecting cover, wire-formed leg members adapted to resiliently grasp selected edges of the pan in fixed positions and support the cover over the pan, and an electrically energized light source suspended from the light reflecting underside of the cover so as to lure insects to the pan by means of both reflected light and directly radiated light. The color of light seen by the insect may be modified by changing the color of the cover, the light source or the reflective surface.

Abstract: An agricultural mulch film is prepared by mixing conventional plant nutrients with a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol. The mixture is cast in the liquid form and allowed to dry to form a thin film. The dried film is then coated with a thin layer of a water-resistant resin such as polyvinyl acetate to form a composite mulch film. The release of the nutrients contained in the mulch film is controlled by the addition to the water-soluble polymer mixture of either (1) a nitrification inhibitor along with urea, or (2) a water-soluble urea-formaldehyde condensation product. The release of the nutrients is also controlled somewhat by the water-resistant resin coating. Other additives may be added to the mulch film to produce a multi-purpose product.

Abstract: An agricultural film structure composed of a mixture of a thermoplastic resin and an infrared radiation-absorbing powdery inorganic compound, said mixture comprising(a) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin and(b) about 1 to about 20 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite powder, as the infrared radiation absorbing powdery inorganic compound, having an average secondary particle diameter of not more than about 5 microns and a BET specific surface area of not more than about 30 m.sup.2 /g and being represented by the following formula (1)M.sub.1-x.sup.2+ Al.sub.x (OH).sub.2 (A.sup.n-).sub.x/n mH.sub.2 O (1)wherein M.sup.2+ represents a divalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and Zn ions, A.sup.n- represents an anion having a valence of n, and x and m satisfy the following conditions0<x<0.50.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.2.

Abstract: A combination storm window and security system that fits into the window frame openings of a house. The window frame is normally formed of aluminum material and it has a stationary window panel and a slidable window panel. A pair of vertical sheet metal brackets are spaced inwardly from the aluminum window frame and these metal brackets are rigidly attached to the respective vertically extending window frame side members. Spaced intermediate the metal brackets is a vertical support member having its bottom end rigidly attached to the window sill and its top end rigidly attached to the header. A pair of storm windows have elongated strip magnets attached to their outside surface that are detachably securable to the respective vertical sheet metal brackets. The vertical support member may be formed of sheet metal or a vertically oriented metal plate may be attached to its inner surface for detachably contacting the strip magnets on the outside surface of the storm window panels.

Abstract: An elongated body is provided for use as a threshold and is transversely stepped whereby the body includes high and low opposite side longitudinally extending upper surfaces. The body includes a central upstanding surface extending between the high and low upper surfaces with the latter extending transversely of the body in opposite directions from the upper and lower margins of the upstanding surface. The portion of the low upper surface adjacent the lower margin of the upstanding surface is transversely downwardly inclined theretoward and the body includes transverse inclined passages formed therein with the upper ends of the passages opening through the upright surface lower margin and the lower ends of the passages opening outwardly of the longitudinal marginal portion of the body away from which the upstanding surface faces.

Abstract: A stone guide for guiding the honing stone of a superfinishing machine. The stone guide receives a honing stone unit which comprises a honing stone and a honing stone holder. The honing stone holder defines a shoulder and a contact surface. The stone guide includes a piston and a piston rod, at one end of which there is disposed a contact surface, and a rapid-clamping device displaceable in the piston rod. The rapid-clamping device includes a further piston, a further piston rod connected to the further piston and a clamping element which defines a shoulder. Both pistons are displaceable by means of a pressure medium such that displacement of the piston effects lowering of the honing stone unit unto a workpiece and the upward movement of the further piston effects engagement of the contact surfaces.

Abstract: An introductory outline expounds the visual effects produced when gems are cut with spherical facets, rather than with the conventionally flat ones. An indication follows of some kinematic principles and devices which enable the manufacture of this type of facet. In particular, sphere-shaped abrasive covers or bowls are foreseen on which will be fixed the gem-carrying terminal of a conventional tripodal faceter whose two other terminals of support are guided in such a way as to make gem carrying terminal (C) describe a sphere, maintaining a constant angle between the axis of the gem and the normal to the abrasive cover at the point of contact.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for polishing turbine blades is disclosed wherein the path of a sanding shoe with respect to the turbine blade is controlled as the turbine blade is rotated on a spindle. The method involves plotting the profiles of the turbine blade in a number of planes, defining the profiles as a series of circle segments each having a center and an angular length, choosing an arbitrary center of rotation of the turbine blade, measuring the distances from the center of rotation to each of the circle segment centers, plotting the hypothetical path of the center of rotation about each circle segment center by each corresponding angular length, and using the derived path of the center of rotation to control the movement of the shoe in a vertical direction and the turbine blade in a horizontal direction as the turbine blade rotates.

Abstract: A rubbing machine of the type in which a support is spaced from and overlies a rubbing shoe and in which the rubbing shoe is connected to the support by a drive mechanism operable to reciprocate the shoe. The rubbing shoe is rectangular in shape with the drive mechanism connected at the center of the shoe, and four flexible boots are connected between the support and the shoe at the corners of the shoe. Four pair of opposed, rigid studs are mounted between the support and the shoe to transmit thrust therebetween, and each pair of studs is mounted within a respective one of the boots with one of the studs connected to the support and one to the shoe. A tongue-and-groove connection between the opposing ends of each pair of studs confines the shoe for linear reciprocation in a straight path.

Abstract: A carrier is disclosed for supporting an optical blank in the chuck of a lathe, for machining the optical blank into a lens. The carrier has a substantially cylindrical body formed of a machinable material. The cylindrical body has an opening at a first end thereof through which an optical blank can be inserted, and a retaining portion for securing such optical blank in place. In a preferred embodiment, the retaining portion is an annular shoulder extending inwardly at a second end of the cylindrical body.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a theatre design having the following: a permanent stage; a tiered arrangement of enclosed individual suites formed in an arcuate pattern, each individual suites having an unobstructed viewing area of the stage and each individual suite being entirely encloseable with respect to the other suites; a series of tiered rows of open-air gallery seating facing the stage, arranged in arcuate pattern below the tiered arrangement of individual suites; a first entrances adjacent to, and for, the gallery seating; and a second lobby type entrance for, and nearest the individual suites, separate from the entrance for, and nearest the individual suites, separate from the entrance for the gallery seating.

Abstract: A cellular frame is generated to represent a solid geometric tetrahedron. The cellular frame comprises four sets of struts, each set of struts including three struts (46 or 46') which represent a planar face of the tetrahedron. Each strut is connected at a vertex to a strut in a neighboring face of the represented tetrahedron. A plurality of cellular frames can be oriented and connected together with each cellular frame sharing at least one vertex with another cellular frame. The connection of cellular frames results in the representation of exterior and/or interior geometrical structures by various struts included in one or more cellular frames.

Abstract: A self supporting roof structure comprises a plurality of vertically adjacent circular upwardly inwardly inclining at least partial rings stacked one on another. Each ring comprises a plurality of like horizontally adjacent panels each of which is an aliquot of the ring. Each panel comprises an outer surface which is convex from side to side, upwardly converging rectilinear sides, a concave top plate member, and a convex bottom plate member. The top and bottom plate members in each ring conform to respective upper and lower inwardly downwardly sloping conical surfaces of which the apex coincides with the axis of the roof structure. Preferably, at least one ring has a number of panels which is an integral number greater than one times the number of panels of the ring above.

Abstract: A support structure for forming eave corners on a hipped roof of a steel framed structure comprises a rectangular frame having two triangular sub frames tiltable along their adjacent diagonal sides. The inner corner of the rectangular sub frame is supported above the outer diagonal corner to form triangular planes coplanar with adjacent roof planes on each side of a hip line, the rectangular frame being cantilevered over the corner walls of the building to form an eave corner. The support structure may also be used to form internal or external corners on a verandah roof. A method for constructing hipped roofs on steel frame buildings is also provided.

Abstract: A wall is provided with an outer facade comprised of a cladding element which contains an insulating core. The cladding element includes a central band having flanges extending from opposing edges, on the same side of the plane defined by the central band. Each of the flanges includes a row of venting holes and a ratchet blade protruding from the flange and adapted for interlocking connection with the ratchet blade of a corresponding, adjacent cladding element. The insulating core is made from a rigid insulating material and includes a series of embossed blocks distributed evenly over its outer surface so that the inner surface of the central band rests on the embossed blocks of the insulating core. Also provided are a number of mounting and finishing elements including end and intermediate rails for enclosing the flanges of the cladding element, as well as special coverings for cable edges and salient or re-entrant angles.

Abstract: A shelter 20 to enable occupants thereof to survive a near-strike nuclear detonation as well as chemical, biological and conventional weapons attacks can be assembled by four men in thirty minutes. Panels 38 are lightweight laminates of plastics and reinforcing fibers. As installed underground, the arched roof 26 of the shelter 20 is supported on a drive ring base member 28, which is crushable to absorb, attenuate and help divert the airslap force of a nuclear detonation.

Abstract: A panel support for various kinds of panels such as windows sliding doors, room dividers or the like, comprising sash means having wall means adapted to be spaced outwardly from and substantially encircling the periphery of panel means, shoulder means adapted to contact and retain said panel means in position within said sash means with said wall means in spaced relationship to said panel means periphery, the width of said wall means adapted to extend generally perpendicular to the plane of said panel means and for a distance at least substantially the thickness thereof, primary thermal break means in said wall means extending substantially the length thereof, mounting means for securing said sash means to a building, and shroud means adapted to lie adjacent portions of either one or both edges of said wall and mounting means and having surfaces spaced from said portions to provide dead-air, secondary thermal break means.

Abstract: A molded, high impact, industrial door having a thermoplastic resin honeycomb core formed with a multiplicity of cells. Each cell has an open end and side walls that converge to a closed bottom and alternate cells open to opposite faces of the core. The cells are filled with a lightweight resilient flexible filler material, such as foam resin, and the core is encapsulated in an elastomeric resin. The molded door is abrasion and corrosion resistant and is capable of withstanding the high impact forces of material handling equipment.

Abstract: A structurally reinforced, pre-fabricated and modular chimney facade system (10) is provided for enclosing a chimney stack (12) passing therethrough. The chimney facade system (10) is adapted to be secured to an external wall (16) of a building structure (14). The chimney facade system (10) includes a first one-piece base housing (22) and at least a second one-piece base housing (24) adapted to be mounted to base foundation housing (26). Facade system (10) includes a structural support mechanism (36) for at least the first and second one-piece base housings (22 and 24) for coupling each to the other and for coupling the combination to the building structure (14). The structural support mechanism (36) includes a mechanism for adjustably applying a force loading between the external wall (16) of the building structure (14) at least the combination of the first and second one-piece base housings (22 and 24).

Abstract: A holddown to be used in conjunction with a headed fastener, a roofing system and a method utilizing the same. The holddown comprises a disc-shaped spring and a body encasing the spring. The fastener is interpositionable within a hole in the body of the holddown and displacement of the fastener applies a compressive force to the holddown. The spring is deformable from an unbiased position to a biased postion by the compressive force. The body is deformable from an unconstrained shape to a constrained shape by the deformation of the spring. The holddown is usable in conjunction with both the fastener and pliant filler to affix roofing material in a watertight relationship to a roof structure and to maintain the same in position against the forces applied by the wind.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for constructing a roof on a structure using elongated roofing members, as well as the elongated roofing members. Elongated roofing members are produced, preferably near or on the structure, by continuously forming suitable male and female flanges on sheet metal material and periodically cutting the sheet metal material to predetermined lengths. The male and female flanges of adjacent elongated roofing members are interconnected by deflecting a portion of the female flange about the male flange to crimp the male flange between portions of the female flange. A plurality of clips having flanges may be interconnected with the structure, whereby the flanges are engageable, together with the male flanges, with the female flanges to provide for rapid simultaneous interconnection of both the female flange and the male flange with the structure.

Abstract: Building walls are leakproofed by cutting a horizontal slot through the wall, and inserting therein load-bearing elements of grid-like form made of a synthetic resin, with relatively harder balls at the intersections of the grid, these balls being disposed in load-bearing relationship between the wall sections and projecting above and below the grid. The openwork around the grid and the balls is filled with an injected insulating and setting agent in the form of a synthetic mortar.

Abstract: In a rotational sphere press for agricultural grain stem products, the wrapping area of which is limited by rotating conveyor rollers, and which has a pre-chamber, a first conveyor mechanism is provided for tranporting the harvested product into the pre-chamber and a second conveyor mechanism is provided for transporting the harvested product from the pre-chamber through a feed hold between two neighboring conveyor rollers into the wrapping area. The second conveyor mechanism has a conveyor drum which is axially parallel to the conveyor rollers and which can be moved perpendicular to an opposite-positioned counterbearing by overcoming the reset force of a reset element within a pre-given motional path. The conveyor drum has driving plate pins which are in the rear area facing the feed hole and neighboring the exteral surface of the drum. They project outwardly, perpendicular to the external surface of the drum in the front and lower area.

Abstract: A robot system for encasing cone-like articles, comprising a robot movable along a path, and an aligning and supplying device for cone-like articles, empty cases for receiving the cone-like articles and an inverting device for carrying and inverting the plurality of cone-like articles which are disposed along the path of the robot. The robot includes a first gripper for gripping and carrying the cone-like articles aligned on the aligning and supplying device and a second gripper for gripping and carrying the cone-like articles inverted on the inverting device.

Abstract: A bag for containing flowable foodstuffs, made of a completely sealed laminated film, the bag having a reinforcing band attached thereto so as to ensure the opening operation made to one end of the bag for filling flowable foodstuffs to the inside and to facilitate the operation for expanding the opening, and having an adhesive band for enabling rapid, simple and reliable sealing for the bag after the flowable foodstuffs have been filled.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus is provided to load articles, such as nuts, into a tube. The nuts are fed into the tube from a bowl of vibratory feeder. In order to maintain the mass being vibrated constant during the feeding of the nuts into the tube, the tube and the bowl are vibrated together. Since the tube and the bowl are vibrated together, the nuts are vibrated when they are in the tube to move the nuts along the tube and to maintain the number of nuts being vibrated constant as the tube is filled with nuts. The tube is advantageously coiled and supported on the bowl.

Abstract: A DIP tube loader and handler including magazine for containing a quantity of empty DIP packaging tubes, a tube singulating mechanism for positioning the tubes one at a time into a position to be loaded with DIPs, a DIP singulating mechanism for loading a predetermined number of DIPs into the tubes, and a tube elevator for transporting the loaded tubes from the loading position into a hopper.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading a row of round bales into an elongated plastic bag includes a front frame for bearing against the front end of the row of bales, and a rear frame which is placed at the rear end of the row of bales. The rear frame includes a chute for guiding the bales into a bag mounted on a cylinder, which is pivotally mounted on the rear frame, and a pair of skids with pulleys on the front ends thereof. The ends of a cable are connected to the sides of the front frame, and the cable extends rearwardly around the pulleys on the rear frame and then forwardly to a towing vehicle. Forward movement of the vehicle causes movement of the rear frame towards the front frame, whereby the chute moves beneath the bales and the bag is moved forwardly around the bales.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mowing machine comprising a frame and at least four cutting members rotatable about upwardly extending rotary axes and being each provided with cutters and drums located above said cutters, the cutting members being driven so that during operation neighboring drums rotate in opposite senses, whereby the diameters of the circles described by the ends of the cutters of the outermost cutting members during operation are larger than those of the intermediate cutting members.

Abstract: A rotary lawnmower has a motor, a drive shaft extending from the motor, a cutting blade with cutting edges and trailing edges being attached to the drive shaft to rotate with the shaft to cut grass. A housing surrounds the blade. There is a mulcher attachment fastened to the blade and shaped to provide deflectors to be spaced from the cutting portion of the blade. The deflectors comprising downwardly directed portions formed on the mulcher attachment adjacent the blade trailing edges. Cut grass from the blade is directed against the deflector portion and downwardly back in the grass as a mulch.

Abstract: As the tractor and baler are driven straight down the windrow, hay is picked up and placed upon a platform conveyor which transfers the same rearwardly toward the baling chamber, during which transfer a deflector diverts the crop stream into an appropriate one of three axial sections of the chamber as determined by sensing and control mechanism associated with the baler. As the hay builds up in one of the sections, the sensors of the mechanism compare the size of that portion of the bale with the bale portion in the next adjacent chamber section, and once the differential between the two bale portions reaches a certain predetermined level, the control mechanism swings the deflector to its next position, directing hay into that next adjacent section to build up that portion of the bale.

Abstract: A yarn splicing apparatus including a yarn end untwisting device wherein ends of two yarns are untwisted and spliced by an action of fluid. An untwisting nozzle pipe of the untwisting device is mounted on a block independently and removably mounted on a yarn splicing body block having a yarn splicing hole.

Abstract: The gas turbine of an air storage gas turbine power station is so designed that it can provide the nominal output requirement without extracting air from the storage cavern (17). The compressor group (3+4) has internal control organs in the form of guide vanes and possibly also rotor blading which can be adjusted during operation. This adjustable blading makes it possible to maintain the pressure ratio necessary for attaining the nominal power during the other operating conditions also and makes it possible to keep the compressor final pressure at at least the same level as the storage air pressure. By this means, it is possible to fill the storage cavern (17) during the whole of the part-load range and during idling operation in addition to filling it by exclusively electric motor drive of the compressor group (3+4) by the generator (2 or 31), connected as motor, or by an electric motor (29) specially provided for this purpose.

Abstract: A sliding expansion joint (68) for the interface between an annular combustor head (24) and a downstream-extending liner (47) of a combustion chamber (18) includes an inward facing cylindrical surface (78) on the head (24) and a thickened upstream ring (74) in the liner (47). A cooled, radially extending bulkhead (36) isolates the joint (68) thermally from the high temperature combustion reaction (50). A region of reduced static air pressure is induced adjacent the joint (68) by the flow of air (86) over the convex combustor dome (30). Any air leakage through joint (68) adds to the existing flow of cooling air (106) adjacent the liner (47).

Abstract: Apparatus for modulating the thrust vector of a rocket motor by injecting t gas into the divergent section of the rocket nozzle and modulating injection of the hot gas by varying the flow from a solid propellant gas generator by controlling its flow rate with a vortex throttling valve arrangement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for supplying fuel to an aircraft engine, wherein an electronic computer subdivides the stroke of the throttle lever into a plurality of zones, in each of which the thrust of the engine varies between a maximum value and a minimum value. The computer ensures a modulation of the thrust about the value corresponding to that displayed by the position of said throttle lever. No mechanical link is provided between the lever and the fuel admission valve.

Abstract: In a turbofan jet engine, having a circumferentially rotatable mixer segment capable of orienting the afterburner ignitors and flameholders into the path of either the exhaust gases or bypass air, a fuel-air transfer apparatus for capturing, transporting and the releasing of an enriched fuel-air concentration from the fuel spray bars, on the stationary structure of the jet engine, to the afterburner ignitors and flameholders rigidly attached at the rear of the rotatable segment of the mixer. The enriched fuel-air mixture is transported between a location of reliable fuel availability, through a region of highly turbulent gas flow and is thereafter released while still in an enriched concentration immediately upstream of the ignitors and flameholders, facilitating ignition and sustained operation of the afterburner.

Abstract: A filtration system operative to remove oxidizable particulates from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine is disclosed. The system has a filter element to trap and collect particulates in the exhaust gas, ignition means supplied with energy for a period only sufficient to ignite a leading portion of the particulate collection, and means for conducting a flow of gas with excess oxygen thorough the filtration means immediately following ignition without addition of other energy, the flow of gas with excess oxygen being utilized to support the continued oxidation of the ignited particulate collection.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a hydraulically operated twin-cable suspension for a clamshell or the like load-handling device. In a preferred embodiment, a charged accumulator is effectively a counterweight and is the source of all hydraulic fluid needed for the full range of actuation of two traction cylinders, one for each of the respective cables. Two power integrators are employed: one is interposed between the accumulator and one of the traction cylinders, and the other is interposed between the accumulator and the other traction cylinder; hydraulic control interconnections between the respective integrator circuits enable load sharing by both cables and simplified single-lever control of plural clamshell functions, including (a) an automated closing dig into loadable material and (b) a quick opening for load discharge.

Abstract: A rotary radial piston pump or motor has a cylinder barrel rotating on a fixed pintle with a fluid exit at the fixed end of the pintle and an inlet at the opposite free end. A fluid impeller boosts the pressure entering the inlet and a filter prevents dirt entering. When applied to a hydrostatic transmission with pump and motor on a common pintle a pair of opposed non-return valves admit make-up fluid at one end of the pintle and a pressure relief valve provides overload relief at the other end of the pintle.

Abstract: An automatic control for an adjustable turbosupercharger in the air supply of an internal combustion engine adds a static anticipatory control signal and a dynamic anticipatory control signal to the error signal that is provided to an actuating mechanism for the control of the supercharger. The error signal is obtained by comparing actual charging pressure with a reference charging pressure for one portion of the control displacement and in the other portion of the control displacement the error signal is obtained by comparing actual air quantity supplied to an engine cylinder with a reference air quantity. This results from a limiting device interposed in the charging pressure control loop. The static anticipatory control depends on engine speed and engine load and is supplied with additive corrections for engine temperature and for battery voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling fluid delivery into a heat exchanger wherein the temperature and the pressure of the delivered fluid is lower than the temperature and the pressure of the fluid within the heat exchanger and wherein the delivery of the fluid is accomplished without the use of pumps or compressors or other such devices. The delivering apparatus uses the pressure force developed within the heat exchanger after fluid change of phase has occurred therein for delivering the fluid vapor resulting therefrom to an elevation superior to the delivering apparatus by means of a predetermined elevated position of the pressure driven device using the vaporized fluid for its operation and the disposition of the conduit delivering the exhaust therefrom. The exhausted fluid is returned to the liquid condition by means of the heat and pressure expended in operating the pressure driven device and, by additional cooling, if needed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the generation of electricity or propulsive power from fossil-fuels which combines fuel cleaning with a thermodynamic cycle utilizing two or more combustors which fire the differing quality streams from the fuel cleaning plant. The method accomplishes emissions reduction at good energy conversion efficiency and a reduced overall plant equipment cost.

Abstract: A method of forming clathrate ice in a supercooled water-based liquid contained in a vessel is disclosed. Initially, an oscillator device is located in the liquid in the vessel. The oscillator device is then oscillated ultrasonically so that small crystals are formed in the liquid. These small crystals serve as seed crystals for ice formation in the liquid and thereby prevent supercooling of the liquid. Preferably, the oscillating device is controlled by a thermostat which initiates operation of the oscillator device when the temperature of the liquid is lowered to the freezing point. Thereafter, the operation of the oscillator device is terminated when ice is sensed in the liquid by an ice sensor.

Abstract: This controller is used for controlling a centrifugal compressor along its path of minimum power consumption while avoiding a surge condition. It is especially useful in a refrigeration system having a variable speed centrifugal compressor with adjustable inlet guide vanes. In such an application, the controller opens the inlet guide vanes enough to satisfy the cooling demand and then, to minimize power consumption, reduces the speed of the compressor while further opening the vanes (compensating for the reduced speed) until either the inlet guide vanes are fully open or an impending surge condition is detected. The onset of a surge condition is detected by monitoring motor current fluctuations. When fluctuations above a predetermined amplitude occur in excess of a predetermined frequency, the controller determines that a surge is impending.