Abstract: A stud for use in building structures is provided with a thermal break. The thermal break is formed by rows of slits with adjacent portions of the sheet material displaced relative to one another. This enables the stud to be formed by a simple rolling operation, without requiring a separate stamping operation to remove parts of the material. The stud can be formed integrally with an exterior panel, or can extend between interior and exterior panel portions of a combination panel.

Abstract: A building frame structure for a building opening and wedge shim structure for accurately plumbing and locating the frame, such as a door frame or window frame in a doorway opening or window opening, respectively, of a building. The wedge shim structure includes a plurality of shims placed about the frame in plumbed hung frame relationship. Each shim has a first wedge shim part fastened on the frame and a second wedge shim part slidably mountable on the first part for adjustably closing the space between the frame and the studding around the opening for placing a door or window structure in the doorway or window opening. This requires placing a level on the second wedge part of each shim to provide a plumb vertical frame wall on which to hang to door or slidably mount a window. This novel arrangement also provides for a shimming and plumbing method for attaching a door or window in plumb relation with the building opening.

Abstract: A construction method is disclosed which utilizes entirely squared-end framing members to build a pitched roof building.

Abstract: A corrugated sheet metal panel can be used to form structural beams. The panel has a major central portion with transverse corrugations. A transistion step portion having transverse serrations is formed adjacent the central portion and a marginal edge portion either uncorrugated, longitudinally corrugated or relatively lightly transverse corrugated is formed adjacent the transition step portion. The panel is shaped for connection to a connection member to form a beam structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically filling a plurality of flexible vessels or pipettes with liquid in a controlled manner. The vessels are sorted, inserted into a filling rack and then inserted in the rack into a vacuum container with their filling ports or tubes inserted into the liquid. The container and hence the vessels are evacuated to a desired pressure, which then is released to fill the vessels with a desired amount of liquid. The vessels then are removed in the rack and sealed for later use. The sealed vessels then can be labeled prior to use.

Abstract: A machine and a method for density packing of cylindrical plastic objects such as caps in layers in rectangular containers. The machine includes an elongated table and a vertical transfer mechanism for the plastic objects located at one end of the table. A loading mechanism is provided at the opposite end of the table to form a row at a time of plastic objects on the table. A pusher bar is provided to move each individual row of plastic objects along the table to an assembly area where a matrix of plastic objects is formed. A second pusher bar is provided to move the assembled matrix of plastic objects to a position under the vertical transfer mechanism.

Abstract: Pneumatic synthetic resinous foams are used as dunnage. Foams are added to a package under fluid pressure; the package closed, the pressure reduced to atmospheric, and particulate pneumatic foam expands to fill container.

Abstract: An automatic packaging machine includes a loading station for simultaneously and sequentially picking up a plurality of elongated products and deposing them in a spaced parallel alignment within a box. At the time of loading each of the products has an initial volume which is substantially greater than the volume which the same product will have after it has settled over time within the box. Thus, the box id overfilled by an amount which will make it full after the products have settled. Then, the overfilled box is advanced to a closing station, where the lid is closed over the filled box without damage to the products. This immediately reduces the volume of the products to the volume which they would have after they have settled.

Abstract: In the operation of certain agricultural and industrial pursuits an excess of various chemicals results. For example, an excess of phosphorus results from the use of fertilizers in the general farming operations of stimulate the growing of grass in the dairy rich areas of central Florida. This excess quantity of phosphorus finds its way into the streams and rivers, and contaminates any of the streams and bodies of water that receive the outflow of these chemically rich waters. For example, the Kissimmee River flows through the dairy rich lands of central Florida and contaminates Lake Okeechobee into which they flow. Many other chemicals used as lubricants and additives in industrial operations that also are discharged into the various bodies of water are harmful to the fish and aquatic plants whose presence is necessary to recycle and purify the water.

Abstract: A mobile brush cutter including a vehicle; a boom having one end pivotally supported by the vehicle; a hydraulic power system mounted on the vehicle and having controls operable by an operator thereof; a cutter supported by an opposite end of the boom and operatively coupled to the hydraulic power system, the cutter comprising an elongated bed knife having one end connected to the opposite end of the boom and having bed teeth that define longitudinally spaced apart slots for receiving stalks and a moving knife juxtaposed to the bed knife and mounted for longitudinal reciprocating movement relative thereto, the moving knife having moving teeth that define a plurality of cutting edges each shaped and arranged to reciprocate through a cutting zone transversely adjacent to a different one of the slots; and a retainer assembly fixed to said bed knife and shaped and arranged for sliding engagement with outer end portions of the moving teeth so as to prevent transverse separation thereof from the bed knife.

Abstract: Vacuum spun yarn is produced that has strength property approaching that of ring spun yarn, and significantly greater than air jet spun yarn, and may be produced at speeds greatly in excess of production speeds for ring spun yarn. An elongated hollow shaft has a through-extending passageway from a first end to a second end thereof, with a portion of the shaft adjacent the first end being perforated (e.g. four equally spaced perforations). The perforations shaft in the direction of the second end from the through-extending passageway, and a generally spherical vacuum reservoir is formed in the shaft in communication with the passageway and perforations. The portion of the passageway between the shaft first end and the vacuum reservoir is significantly larger in cross-sectional dimension than the portion of the passageway from the vacuum reservoir to the second end of the shaft.

Abstract: In the case of a supporting disk for a supporting disk bearing for a shaft of an open-end spinning rotor having a disk-shaped basic body made of metal that, on its circumference, is equipped with a ring made of plastic, the outer surface of which forms a smooth, uninterrupted essentially cylindrical running surface, it is provided that the inner surface of the ring has a profiling by means of which the thickness of the ring is reduced in the central area as compared to the edge areas.

Abstract: A helicopter with a turbine power unit on which fluid flow from the turbine exhaust nozzle, from a turbine bypass duct, from a duct communicating with the compartment housing the turbine engine, and from one or more ducts for cooling internal parts on the helicopter, converges inside a single manifold the output of which is connected to the input of a tubular screening device extending outwards from the manifold and provided with tubular transverse wing contours communicating externally and arranged in such a manner as to prevent the turbine exhaust nozzle from being directly visible from outside, and in such a manner as to define a number of ejectors for activating the fluid streams converging inside the manifold, and for mixing them together with outside air.

Abstract: An air intake for a gas turbine engine compressor comprises an arcuate primary duct which is in communication with the compressor of the gas turbine engine and which is provided with frangible wall portion. The frangible wall portion provides a barrier between the primary duct and a secondary duct and is so positioned and adapted as to be impacted and penetrated by a foreign body, such as a bird, which is above a predetermined weight and which has been ingested through the inlet of the primary duct. After penetrating the wall portion the foreign body passes through the secondary duct and is discharged therefrom at a location remote from the primary duct.

Abstract: One major problem associated with the design of high-speed vertical take-off or landing aircraft is the requirement to have the front vectorable nozzles of the aircraft deployed in the airstream which passes over the fuselage of the aircraft when they are in use. The nozzles tend to act as air brakes and thus seriously effect the forward speed and flight characteristics of the aircraft. This invention attempts to solve this problem by providing a vectorable nozzle which is rotatable about one axis between a first position in which it is stowed inside a cavity within the aircraft fuselage when not required, and a second position in which it is deployed into the airstream when required.

Abstract: A hydraulic motor has its lube drain connected to the motor return line. A motor seal protector valve has a pilot which responds to pressure in the motor return line. Normally, the valve connects system pressure to the motor inlet. High pressure in the return line causes the pilot to move the valve to block the motor feed line and then to connect the motor feed line to sump. In a preferred embodiment, system pressure is connected to the plot to "lock up" the valve in response to return line overpressurization.

Abstract: A buoyancy engine having a plurality of vertically stacked drive units, immersed in a vessel of mercury, and rotatably mounted on axial drive shafts supported on sealed bearings in the vessel walls. The drive units are composed of capture modules, incorporating electromagnetic fields, fixed to the extreme ends of a plurality of arms extending from the drive shafts. The capture modules are designed to hold rigid-walled buoyant capsules injected through a pressurized airlock. When operating, drive units have capture modules moving upward, due to the buoyancy of the capsules, and empty capture modules moving downward. As a capture module containing a capsule reaches the top of its lifting arc, its electromagnetic field switches off and allows the capsule to be released into the next subsequent drive unit's lowermost capture module.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel injector for an industrial gas turbine plant is arranged to operate on fuel produced from a coal gasifier for normal running or natural gas for starting purposes. The injector is self purging to prevent the ingestion of natural gas or combustion products into the passage of the fuel injector for the lower calorific value fuel. The fuel injector has fuel ducts and gas flow passages in a duct assembly attached to the head of each flame tube of a gas generator. For starting, natural gas flows through the duct and the central passage, while air flows through the outer passage preventing ingestion of natural gas and combustion products into the outer fuel duct. When running on fuel from a coal gasifier both ducts run full of fuel, as do the passages. The air for the coal gasifier may be provided by the gas generator.

Abstract: A cooling system has a compressor for producing cyclic pressure conditions within a refrigerator's system's volume. The compressor alternately increases and decreases the working volume, thus raising and lowering the coolant pressure. An expander reacts to this cyclic pressure change in such a manner to achieve a net removal of work, or, in the other words, provide cooling at the cold tip.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining C.sub.2+ or C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing gaseous mixtures by pressure scrubbing with a physically acting solvent selective for C.sub.2+ and, respectively, C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons. The solvent, after loading, is regenerated and reused. In order to avoid impurities in the C.sub.2+ and, respectively, C.sub.3+ product in an economical and energy-saving way, the loaded solvent is subjected to expansion to a pressure lying below the critical pressure of the solvent-gas mixture, and to heating and partial evaporation in order to drive off concomitantly dissolved inert gases. The solvent, reduced in its content of inert gases, is then to be passed on to regeneration. The process is advantageous, in particular, in cases where crude gases are to be processed which exhibit a low concentration of components to be scrubbed out.

Abstract: A cryogenic vessel comprises a liquid helium tank including a substantially flat top wall and which contains therein a cryogen-cooled electrical apparatus. The helium tank is surrounded by a radiation shield provided with a cooling tube through which evaporated helium gas flows and the radiation shield is then surrounded by an outer housing. In order to evenly cool the top wall of the cryogen tank, it is provided with a heat conducting plate, a cooling coil or a plurality of evenly distributed inlets for substantially evenly cooling it.

Abstract: A method for cooling an object with the aid of superfluid helium (He II) in which a fountain effect pump is used to produce a forced flow of He II and to an apparatus for implementing the method. The abnormally good thermal conductivity of He II in a temperature range between 1.7.degree. K. and 2.1.degree. K. and its superfluidity are excellent characteristics for cooling superconductive magnetic coils. In the past, such 1.8.degree. K. cooled coils could be attained only by external cooling according to the bath cooling principle. Internal cooling of the conductors with forced flow, as practiced already with He I cooling systems, could not yet be realized for operation with He II due to the lack of suitable pumping systems.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler air conditioning system comprising an air-to-air counter-flow heat exchanger having separate dry cooling and wet evaporating chambers, air saturating elements, and air movement devices. Ambient supply air or other fluid is forced through the dry cooling chamber of the heat exchanger and exits, after transferring through the heat exchanger, into the cooled spaced or room to be cooled. The air in the cooled space absorbs heat from the heat load and reaches an equilibrium at a warmer temperature, and is then forced directly through the wet evaporative chamber of the heat exchanger where it is heavily saturated with water or other liquid.

Abstract: Intermittently operating sorption head and cold storage apparatus having a storage vessel forming a first structural unit. The storage vessel comprises a gas-tight housing and a solid sorption agent which can be heated by a heating medium and is thermally conductively in communication with a heat-eliminating heat-exchange fluid by a first heat-exchanger. The apparatus also has a second heat-exchanger defining at least one of an evaporator and a condenser forming a second structural unit and having a pressure-resistant housing. This unit is thermally conductively in communication by a second heat-exchange device with a heat-exchange fluid capable of eliminating heat in the condensation phase or suppling heat in the evaporation phase. The apparatus also has a pressure-resistant external flow connection for a working medium carried in a closed system between the two structural units.

Abstract: A turret system providing access to the interior of a vacuum vessel integral to a cryostat used for super conducting magnets in MRI systems. The system enabling the movable connection of a neck tube that provides access to the interior of the vacuum vessel when that tube is fixedly attached to the liquified gas container of the cryostat and moves with the liquified gas container, said moveable connection being affected by a supple member attaching said neck tube to said vacuum member, so that relative movement between said liquified gas container and said vacuum vessel does not over-stress said neck tube.

Abstract: In an ornamental chain, a multiplicity of teeth are arranged in two juxtaposed rows. Each of said teeth has a tooth portion directed toward the other row and arranged to extend between and to interengage with two adjacent teeth of the other row so as to interconnect the rows. Each of said teeth has an end portion on that side of the tooth portion which is remote from the other row. The end portion of each of said teeth of each row comprises two crosspieces, which are spaced apart along the row and extend transversely to a plane containing the chain when it lies on a flat support. A plurality of rings are provided, each of which surrounds two adjacent ones of said crosspieces of adjacent teeth of the same row. The crosspieces and the rings constitute the interconnecting means. Each of the rings connecting the teeth of each row is adapted to interengage with the tooth portion of a tooth of the other row to restrict the movement of the tooth portion transversely to the plane.

Abstract: A split crochetting ring is provided and consists of a shank having a spring biased split bight and terminating in a pair of offset upper ends. A pair of guide members are provided. Each guide member is mounted on a plate on each upper end of the shank and are opposed at z right angle to each other. Yarn is fed by hand therethrough for a fabric forming process such as crochetting and the like. In a modification the split crochetting ring includes an expandable locking shank.

Abstract: The sinkers of both needle beds of a double bed flat knitting machine are pivotable so as to form a complete bridge over the gap between the needle beds. They have a loop-forming edge which is formed, with respect to the direction of take down for the knitted fabric, underneath the projections of the sinkers, which make up the bridge. Holding down of the old stitches in the gap between the needle beds is therefore ensured and a loop equalizing movement can be effected by means of the sinkers.

Abstract: A shelf assembly is disclosed for use with an appliance. The appliance has a top work surface with opposing side edges and a control panel disposed at a rear portion of and extending above the top work surface. The shelf assembly comprises a tray for providing an additional work surface and having opposite first and second ends. First and second side support panels are disposed substantially vertically and each has a top end adapted to be attached to a corresponding one of the first and second ends of said tray and a bottom end adapted for resting upon the top work surface. A bracket extends between and is attached at opposite ends to the first and second side support panels, respectively. The bracket has at least one foot disposed at a height above the top work surface and rests on the top of the control panel to steady the shelf assembly and to orient the additional work surface horizontally.

Abstract: A device to move the sharpening grinding wheels in a leather splitting machine close to and away from a cutting blade. The grinding wheels are rotatably supported on the end portions of respective arms the other ends of which are pivoted on a carriage. The carriage, slidably movable on guiding rods, through an actuator, moves the grinding wheels from a position in which the latter are engaged on the bevel of the cutting blade to a position in which they are not in contact with the blade. In order to bring the grinding wheels back to the operative position on the cutting blade bevel, spring means is provided between the carriage and a bar rigidly connected to the splitting machine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separable key holder comprising a holder body in which a pin is fitted on either side, each pin being provided with a ring-shaped element for the accommodation of keys. The holder body consists of two portions to be detachably coupled to each other, each of the portions carrying one of the pins. The two portions of the holder body are coupled to one another by a snap connection which can be released by an axial displacement of one of said pins in the respective portion of the holder body.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for rotopeening metallic conduits of limited accessibility, such as the peripherally located heat exchange tubes around the tubesheet of a nuclear steam generator, is disclosed herein. The bowl-like inner wall which lies directly adjacent to such peripherally-located tubes renders it difficult to insert a rotopeening spindle into the open ends of these tubes in order to work-harden these tubes in the tubesheet region. Generally, the apparatus of the invention comprises at least one flexible rotopeening spindle, an advancing mechanism for remotely and incrementally advancing the flexible spindle through an open end of a selected peripheral tube, and a frame for supporting both the flexible spindle and the advancing mechanism. The length of the advancing mechanism is substantially shorter than the length of the flexible spindle so that the spindle and the advancing mechanism may be easily placed into a peening position with respect to the most remotely located tubes.

Abstract: Heated superplastic material is deformed using gas pressure which forces the material into a die cavity. Improved three dimensional models for deforming superplastic materials are based upon spherical shapes penetrating the die cavity which is approximated by one of two different rectangular box models. The three dimensional and box models produced radius and thickness equations from which an accelerated gas pressure versus time profile and a minimum thickness value are calculated. The gas pressure deforms the superplastic material at the maximum possible strain rate without rupturing thereby reducing the speed at which parts are formed. Die frictional effects and variable flow stress phenomena are included into the pressure versus time profile computation and thickness equations so as to improve the speed and accuracy of the superplastic forming process.

Abstract: Improved thread rolling dies are disclosed forming fasteners with a cylindrical threaded portion and a threaded pointed portion. Such dies provide a polished rise angle surface for forming and threading the pointed portion of the fastener so as to promote slippage between such surface and the pointed portion of the fastener. The polished rise angle surface improves point formation, provide better filled threads, reduced burning of the fastener and increases die life. The dies also provide a match point spaced from the end of the short die so as to reduce the likelihood of improper timing when the dies are set up in the thread rolling machine. Further the dies provide an angulated top of the rise surface to break off any whiskers or tails which might otherwise project beyond the end of the point of the fastener being formed.

Abstract: The method consists of a cold pilgrim rolling mill to effect a recoil movement of the chuck upstream followed by a return to its original position, at least once per rolling cycle. The period during which the chuck is withdrawn with respect to its rolling position is used advantageously for example to carry out the rotation of the chuck and/or to cause a lubricant under pressure to circulate between the chuck and the pipe. The method is applied particularly to the rolling of pipes with a large section, with high reduction rates.

Abstract: In an apparatus for manufacturing springs, a frame body has guide rails on which a pair of movable bodies are mounted to be movable. Each of the movable bodies has rotatable holding rollers between which a wire which is to be processed is held, and each body also has a shaping roller for bending the end of the wire in a coil. Arranged between the shaping roller and the holding rollers are a guide member for defining the supply passage for the wire, and a pitch rod for determining the pitch of the coil formed. When the holding rollers are rotated, while holding the wire, the movable bodies are moved toward each other by the pulling force exerted to the wire, and the wire is supplied from between the paired holding rollers to the shaping roller through the guide member. The pitch rod is reciprocated as the movable bodies run, and as one turn of the wire coil strikes against the pitch rod, making it possible to form spiral springs at both ends of the wire.

Abstract: End mounts (92, 94) of an attachment are connected to bed (14) and bending leaf (44) portions of a shet metal brake (10). A right angle outer corner (102) is formed where an upper edge surface 46 of the bending leaf (44) intersects a side surface (48) of the bending leaf (44). A bending member (90) extends between the end mounts (92, 94) and is mounted for pivotal movement between a start position and a forming position. The bending member (90) carries force applying surface means (38) which rests on an overhanging portion of a sheet metal member (42). The operator swings the bending member (90) downwardly and as the bending member (90) so moves, the force applying surface (38) bends the sheet metal member (42) down about the right angle corner (102). The end mounts (86, 88) are formed to include arcuate slots (104, 106) having geometric centers which coincide with the bending corner (102 ).

Abstract: A method of forming container end panels includes first forming the bottom outer panel and then preliminarily forming the chuckwall and countersink radius by pulling material from the peripheral edge area with a punch core. The countersink radius is finally formed by partially retracting the punch core from the radius while holding the chuckwall to wrap some of the material in the radius upwardly. The apparatus includes an outer punch core with a tapered nose which preliminarily forms the chuckwall and countersink radius and then is retractable from the radius while holding the wall during final forming of the radius.

Abstract: A tool is especialy adapted for use in fastening together sections of ducts used to conduit air for heating and air conditioning. The tool is comprised of a pair of tongs having opposing handles and jaws and hinged to rotate relative to each other about a transverse axis. The jaws are specially formed to facilitate insertion of angle shaped corner fasteners into the transverse, marginal flanges which project from the ends of conventional air conditioning duct sections and to bend over and collapse the peripheral lips on the marginal flanges of the duct sections back onto the legs of the reinforcement angles.

Abstract: A method of forming a countersink around a hole in a metal plate. A stepped punch is pressed, stem first into the hole, with such a force and at such a rate as to cause deformation but not shearing of the metal, there being an annular ring of unrestrained surface around the hole at the backside of the plate. The resulting countersink has cold-worked surfaces, and a raised ring is formed on the backside of the plate.

Abstract: Workpieces are stored in idling stages of transfer presses. The support elements (14) which are to be interchanged with the work tool change are to be rotated for bridging a larger idling stage area when brought into the idling stage in the transport direction of the workpieces. Toothed racks (7) which are movable in the direction of the support elements (14) brought-in with the sliding table into the transfer press are attached for that purpose at a gripping and holding mechanism. The toothed racks (7) are adapted to be connected with a traverse (13) carrying the support elements, whereby the support elements (14) are supported at the traverse (13) by way of mounting means (15), to which a rotary movement is adapted to be imparted and which are operatively connected with a rotary drive.

Abstract: A test device for dental instruments, which have a movably seated ram that moves toward the test subject in free flight with constant speed and after impact against the subject will return to initial position, characterized by a test member which is situated externally of the instrument and has a seating surface for engagement by the ram and an arrangement for positioning the test member on a carrier member so that it would have the elasto-mechanical properties which correspond to those of a test subject. The device includes the carrier member being a cap having the test element held by a resilient material in the cap so that the cap can be inserted onto the end of the instrument. The test element can also be a resilient tongue on the carrier member, which can have a plurality of resilient tongues forming a plurality of test members.

Abstract: A method and device for analyzing samples containing mixtures of organic compounds using vacuum chromatography is disclosed. The method and device are particularly useful for obtaining mass spectra for identification purposes. The method involves passing a sample dissolved in a solvent through a column with a carrier gas and depositing a thin layer of the sample in the interior of a short column. The short column is then attached to an MS interface. The device comprises a combination of a variable molecular separator and a column alignment component. The alignment component may also be used as a direct probe injector. This device and method allow the separation and MS analysis of mixtures of intermediate molecular weight compounds.

Abstract: A device for measuring the optical turbidity, i.e., the soot components in discharge gases of diesel engines, which is relatively simply constructed, operates safely and enables a simple handling even with differently structured measuring devices. This result is achieved in that a controller for controlling the light density of the measuring light beam is optically coupled with a light source. A sample and hold circuit is provided with the values of a measuring detector and the control detector fed to a sample and hold circuit in a time multiplex manner with the measuring values processed in a computer unit. Control values are fed to the light source by means of a control loop. In addition, the computer unit is capable of storing a plurality of measuring values or turbidity values and average value of the stored peak values, whereby the peak values are determined by a dynamic measuring of a defined number of measuring cycles.

Abstract: In detecting a fuel injection timing in a diesel engine, a crank angle reference position is detected from rotation of a member rotatable in association with rotation of the engine, said member being disposed outside a fuel injection pump. While, in the fuel injection pump, a predetermined pump angle is detected from rotation of a member for converting rotary motion of a pump driving shaft into reciprocatory motion of a fuel pressure-feed plunger relative to the pump driving shaft, whereby the fuel injection timing is determined from a phase difference between the crank angle reference position and the predetermined pump angle. With this arrangement, the fuel injection pump can be assembled onto the engine without accurate measuring and an accuracy in detecting the fuel injection timing equal to or exceeding that in the conventional case can be obtained by more simplified adjustment than in the conventional case or with no adjustment.

Abstract: A method of measuring the volume (V) of a gas in a container (20) comprises varying the container volume according to a sine wave between a minimum and a maximum value, the variation being made at a constant frequency but at varying amplitude, to obtain a predetermined pressure difference (.DELTA.p), and the volume difference (.DELTA.V) corresponding to said predetermined pressure difference (.DELTA.p) being determined by detecting the points of time when at least two points on the sine wave are attained which correspond to two predetermined values of the container volume. By measuring the time between the two points on the sine wave, the sine wave peak values for the volume difference (.DELTA.V) corresponding to said predetermined pressure difference (.DELTA.p) may be calculated and, thus, the said volume difference (.DELTA.V). By means of the formula V=.DELTA.Vxp.sub.0 x.eta./.DELTA.p, wherein p.sub.0 =the static pressure and .eta.

Abstract: A method for measuring a water condition such as temperature or speed proximate a desired location in the water such as near a fishing bait. The method comprises positioning a sensor for the condition near the location which provides a signal proportional to the condition, modulating a high frequency radio signal using the electrical signal, transmitting the modulated signal along a conductive line, detecting the modulated signal and using the detected signal to drive an observable indicator of the condition. The invention also includes an apparatus for practicing the method of the invention. The apparatus includes a sensing means, a modulating means, a transmitting means, a detecting means and a means for converting the detected signal to an observable indication of the condition.

Abstract: The azimuthal direction of the mechanical anisotropy of a material is measured by using a first transducer to transmit shear acoustic energy through the material and a second transducer, cross-polarized with respect to the first transducer, to receive the shear acoustic energy after it has traveled through the material. Amplitude and phase of the cross-polarized shear acoustic energy are measured as a function of the azimuthal rotation of the shear acoustic energy transducers with respect to the material.

Abstract: A differential pressure transmitter has a body wherein a pressure transmission passage filled with a pressure transmission medium is formed. A differential-pressure/displacement converting element is disposed in the body to partition the passage into a high-pressure side section and a low-pressure side section. A first seal port through which the transmission medium is charged into the high-pressure side section and a second seal port through which the transmission medium is charged into the low-pressure side section are formed in the body. First and second throttle members capable of being taken out through the seal ports are disposed in the high- and low-pressure side sections to throttle the sections.

Abstract: A miniature solid state fluid flow sensor has a low diffusivity substrate, such as a polymer film, which is optionally mounted on a thermally conductive base. A resistor strip on the substrate is connected to an electrical oscillator and thus emits thermal waves which are propagated through the fluid at a rate dependent on a fluid flow component perpendicular to the strip. A thermoelectric detector, spaced from one side or each side of the strip, senses the thermal waves; and detector circuitry determines the time or phase shift due to fluid flow.A reference sensor is positioned relative to the primary flow sensor to compensate for the effects of pressure and temperature changes and uses properties of symmetry to assure low sensitivity to variations in the direction of fluid flow.