Abstract: A process for preparing a 4-acetoxy-3-hydroxyethylazetidin-2-one derivative having the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a protective group for the hydroxyl group, which comprises reacting a .beta.-lactam compound having the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl group or an aralkyl group and R is a protective group for N, with acetic anhydride in an organic solvent in the presence of a base, and removing the protective group for N.4-Acetoxy-3-hydroxyethylazetidin-2-one derivatives are useful intermediates for preparing carbapenem .beta.-lactam antibiotics such as thienamycin and penem .alpha.-lactam antibiotics.

Abstract: New potent lipoxygenase inhibitors which are 1H-pyrido-[2,3-b][1,4] thiazines are disclosed. The new thiazines are of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy or the group ##STR2## in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl or aryl, or can be linked to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and denote hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy andR.sup.4 denotes hydroxyl, the group ##STR3## in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 have the abovementioned meaning, or, in the case where R.sup.3 denotes hydrogen or optionally substituted alkoxy, also denotes optionally substituted alkoxy.

Abstract: Substituted [[4-[4-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)phenoxymethyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H -imidazoles and 1H-1,2,4-triazoles having antimicrobial properties and being particularly useful in the treatment of vaginal candidosis.

Abstract: Certain substituted 1-phenyl-3-(aminoalkylidene)-2(1H,3H)-indolones are highly potent gabaergic agents, valuable in the treatment of individuals suffering from schizophrenia or reversing the side effects of a previously or concurrently administered neuroleptic agent; or in the treatment of epilepsy. A wider class of substituted 1-phenyl-3-(aminoalkylidene)-2(1H,3H)-indolones, together with 1-phenyl-3-(2-pyrrolidinylidene)-2(1H,3H)-indolones, and homologs thereof, are valuable in the treatment of anxiety.

Abstract: The polyglycidamides are epoxy derivatives of cyclic ureas such as glycouril and aminotriazines such as melamine and guanamines. They are prepared from cyclic ureas and aminotriazines by methylolating with formaldehyde, etherifying with an alcohol, transetheramidizing with acrylamide and epoxidizing with hydrogen peroxide. They are used with polyamines and other epoxy reactive oligomers to provide crosslinkable coating systems which possess solvent, chemical and water resistance and UV stability.

Abstract: Ethynyl terminated imidothioethers (ETIs) are prepared by the reaction of a dimercaptan, such as 4,4'-dimercaptodiphenyl ether, and an ethynyl containing maleimide, such as N-(3-ethynylphenyl)maleimide. Blends of thse ETIs and ethynyl terminated polymeric materials, such as ethynyl terminated sulfones and ethynyl terminated arylene ethers, are also prepared. These resin blends exhibit excellent processability, and the cured blends show excellent fracture toughness and solvent resistance, as well as excellent adhesive and composite properties.

Abstract: A process for preparing adenine by reacting an arylazomalononitrile with formic acid or its derivatives in the presence of ammonia and then subjecting the intermediate pyrimidine derivative to a reaction under catalytic reduction condition. Adenine can be prepared in high purity and high yields without isolating the intermediate pyrimidine derivative, when ammonia is removed before conducting the reaction under catalytic reduction condition. Also, the preparation of adenine in high purity and high yields can be more surely attained, when the arylazomalononitrile prepared under a specific condition is employed as a starting material or when Raney nickel is employed as a reduction catalyst in combination with active carbon. The produced adenine is effectively purified by separation of insoluble materials from an aqueous hot solution of adenine adjusted to pH 7.5 to 9.0 and formation of a mineral acid salt of adenine followed by decoloration by heating in the presence of active carbon.

Abstract: Novel compositions are prepared from (1) amino substituted pyrazine compounds such as pyrazinamine and (2) at least one of (a) a carboxylic acid, (b) carboxylic acid anhydride, (c) carboxylic acid ester or (d) combination thereof, such as tall oil fatty acid, and (3) optionally in the presence of sodium hydride. These novel compositions are useful as oil and gas well corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amides of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen or methyl, m is 1 to 5 and n is 1 to 5 and R.sup.4 is --NH.sub.2 or is derived from a mono- to pentavalent amine.Intermediates of formula VIII ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and m are as defined above and X is a carboxylic acid or acid ester group, --COCl, --COBr, --CHO or --CN, are also described.The compounds of formula I can be polymerized thermally. They are suitable for the preparation of adhesives, matrix resins or electrical insulating materials.

Abstract: A method for isomerization of trans-form 2-methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3')quinuclidine or acid addition salts thereof, which comprises isomerizing said trans-form quinuclidine or acid addition salts thereof to cis-form 2-methylspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3')quinuclidine or acid addition salts thereof in the presence of at least one acid catalyst selected from the group consisting of an organic sulfuric acid, a halide functioning as a Lewis acid, and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of o-carboxyl imidazolinone compounds including oxidizing the appropriate 2-{[(1-carbamoyl-1,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]methyl}-benzoic acid intermediate with a brominating agent. Compounds useful as intermediates in the oxidation method and methods for preparing them are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline by dehydrogenation of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with elemental sulphur.

Abstract: 3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and methods for treating depression, convulsions, pain, and hypertension utilizing compounds or compositions thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing chiral enamines by isomerizing a beta, gamma unsaturated amine with a rhodium-diphosphine complex with the addition of an achiral triarylphosphine and, if desired, hydrolyzing the compound of the enamine I obtained to the corresponding aldehyde.

Abstract: Certain N-substituted nicotinamide compounds having formula (I) below ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof wherein R.sup.1 is 1-piperidyl, 1-(3-indolyl)ethyl, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, phenyl, 1-(1-phenylethyl), benzyl or mono-substituted benzyl wherein the substituent is methyl, methoxy, chloro or fluoro; and R.sup.2 is bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl or ##STR2## wherein Y is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; and X is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano, carboxy, carbo (C.sub.1-4 alkoxy), methylcarbamoyl or dimethylcarbamoyl function as selective inhibitors of calcium-independent phosphodiesterase and are useful as antidepressants.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the chemical synthesis of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol or 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-L-mannitol from, respectively, 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-gulono-.gamma.-lactone or 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-gulono-.gamma.-lactone which comprises carrying out interconversion between the L-gulono and D-mannono forms or between the D-gulono and L-mannono forms, respectively, and connecting of C-1 to C-5 by nitrogen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of formula (I): ##STR1## where Ar is aryl or substituted aryl and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and each is alkyl, which process comprises hydrognating a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein Ar, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined with respect to formula (I) and Hal is a halogen atom.Compounds of formula (I) are useful as chemical intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for synthesizing pyridine or alkylpyridines comprising reacting ammonia with a carbonyl reactant in the presence of a catalyst composition which comprises a crystalline silicate having a silica/alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a Constraint Index within the range of 1 to 12, the improvement comprising reacting said ammonia with said carbonyl compound in the presence of a catalyst composition which comprises (i) a crystalline silicate having a silica/alumina mole ratio of at least about 12, a Constraint Index of from about 1 to about 12, and an Alpha Value of less than about 50, and (ii) a binder of amorphous silica.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions which are obtained in the carbalkoxylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds and contain heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen bases, their transformation products and lower fatty acids and/or their salts are treated by a process in which (a) the aqueous solution is heated to 150.degree.-300.degree. C. under from 10 to 300 bar and (b) heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen bases which are formed again from the transformation products are then separated off.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved preparation of halo substituted isothiazolones by a single-step synthesis. The products are useful as biocides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 2-aryloxyalkylaminobenzoxazoles and 2-aryloxyalkylaminobenzothiazoles. The novel compounds are useful as antisecretory agents.

Abstract: Isoindoline metal complexes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently of each other H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, X.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of a colorless anion and Me is Zn.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+ or Cu.sup.2+, are suitable for pigmenting surface coatings, plastics and printing inks.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photochromic gamma butyrolactone having the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which X represents >CH.sub.2 or >C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 independently represent a group selected from hydrogen, alkyl or aryl (including substituted aryl), with the proviso that one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is always hydrogen, and R.sub.3 is a 3-thienyl, 3-furyl, 3-benzothienyl or 3-benzofuryl group in which the 2-position is substituted with an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group (including substituted aryl).The lactones are useful in photolithography and in the production of security inks and markings and in the production of data recording materials.

Abstract: A process for purifying sulfolene-containing streams, which contain polysulfones as impurities, comprises contacting the sulfolene-containing streams with activated carbon. The thus purified sulfolene-containing streams can be hydrogenated to sulfolane, e.g., over a supported nickel catalyst.

Abstract: A new group of silane compounds in which silicon atoms are linked together by a hydrocarbon chain and which comprise phenyl groups substituted with an epoxy group or an ethenyl group. The compounds of the present invention have the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of:(a) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and(b) a group having the formula ##STR2## where n=1 to 3m=0 to 5;R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' are each selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aryl group, and a substituted aryl group;and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are each selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an aryl group; and n=0 to 10.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of tetrahydrofurfuryl-(2)-methacrylate by transesterification of methyl methacrylate or ethyl methacrylate with tetrahydrofurfuryl-(2)-methyl alcohol in the presence of the corresponding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as a catalyst and while air or oxygen is passed through the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing optically active alpha-arylalkanoic acids consisting of rearranging an optically active ketal of formula ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meaning given in the description of the invention.

Abstract: A Schiff base metal complex compound represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein rings A and B each denote an o-phenylene or o-naphthylene group having at least one long-chain hydrocarbon group represented by formula --X--C.sub.n H.sub.m (14.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.22, 21.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.45) in which X denotes a binding group between --C.sub.n H.sub.m and the ring A or B, such as --O--, --COO--, --NHCO-- or --S--,R.sub.0 denotes a hydrocarbon group having not more than 6 carbon atoms, whose adjacent carbon atoms or adjacent carbon atoms via one carbon atom are bound to bonds a and b, andM denotes a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr and Zn,an organometallic ultrathin film composed mainly of said compound, an oxygen separation film having a layer composed mainly of said compound and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A diamine platinum (II) complex represented by the general formula ##STR1## [wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each a lower alkyl group; and two X's are each a halogen atom or jointly form a group represented by ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or a group represented by ##STR3## (wherein m is 1 or 2)].

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds containing at least one acylamino-substituted hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting an organosilicon compound containing at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon radical with an acyl halide in a nonaqueous solvent and in the presence of a metal alkoxide in a nonaqueous cosolvent.

Abstract: Organosilicon compounds containing at least one acylamino-substituted hydrocarbon radical are prepared by reacting an organosilicon compound containing at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon radical with an acyl halide in a nonaqueous solvent in the presence of an aqueous alkaline material and an additive that facilitates the transfer of the alkaline material into the nonaqueous phase.

Abstract: An organosilicon compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 may be the same or different and represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms,and a process for preparing the same. This compound is useful for improving adhesive properties of UV curable silicone compositions and the like.

Abstract: Isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls comprising the residue of at least one polyahl, at least one isocyanate modifier, poly(alkyleneoxy) units, poly(alkylene carbonate) units, and a plurality of active hydrogen end groups are disclosed. Also disclosed are isocyanate-functional prepolymer compositions of these isocyanate-modifed poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls, which contain the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention and excess organic polyisocyanate units. Urethane/urea polymers formed by the reactions of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers with polyahls are also disclosed. Also disclosed are urethane/urea polymers comprising the residue of at least one isocyanate-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl of this invention, the residue of a polyisocyanate and the residue of at least one other polyahl selected from the group consisting of polyamines and polyfunctional hydroxyl compounds.

Abstract: Process for the production of substituted 2-oxocyclohexaneacetic acid esters and intermediates used for their production. The substituted 2-oxocyclohexaneacetic acid esters are themselves useful intermediates for the manufacture of substituted 2,34,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-acetic acid derivatives having useful analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: Benzene is oxidized to produce the phenyl ester of a perfluoromonocarboxylic acid by reaction with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, a perfluoro acid or a combination of acetaldehyde and molecular oxygen, in the presence of (1) a cobalt salt of an organic acid catalyst and (2) a perfluoromonocarboxylic acid solvent.

Abstract: Process for preparing adipic acid or esters thereof by:(1) reacting 1,3-butadiene with CO and water or an alcohol with formation of pentenoic acid or esters thereof in the presence of a first carbonylation catalyst comprising a Pd compound and a polydentate ligand containing P, As or Sb,(2) isolating pentenoic acid or esters thereof from the reaction mixture, and(3) reacting the isolated pentenoic acid or esters with CO and water or an alcohol in the presence of a second carbonylation catalyst.

Abstract: Bicyclic sulfonamido derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is an alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, aralkyl or heterocycle; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen or methyl; X is an alkylene or alkenylene which may be substituted by a fluorine atom or atoms an may contain an oxygen, sulfur and/or phenylene in the chain; Y is straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene, oxygen, or sulfur; m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1 or 2, or their salt, said derivatives being useful as antithrombotic, anti-vasoconstricting, and anti-bronchoconstricting drugs.

Abstract: Substituted aromatic amines or mixtures thereof containing a discoloration inhibiting amount of a substituted phenol having the structure: ##STR1## or mixtures of such substituted phenols wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl and p is 0 to 4.A method and composition are provided for inhibiting discoloration of alkylated aromatic amines and diamines. A minor portion of the substituted phenol is combined with a fresh, water white substituted aromatic amine of structure ##STR2## or mixtures thereof wherein m is 1 or 2, n is 1 to 5, m+n is not greater than 6, and the R are independently selected alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl, said amine being subject to gradual discoloration, and a minor amount by weight of a substituted phenol or mixture of substituted phenols to inhibit color degradation.

Abstract: Described are crystalline block copolymers displaying high glass transition temperatures, excellent mechanical properties, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and good melt processability. These block polymers contain segments of crystalline poly(aryl ether ketones).

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein Z is CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 (OR.sup.3) or phenyl,R.sup.1 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or phenyl,R.sup.2 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.1-6 -alkoxy andR.sup.3 being H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl or C.sub.1-6 -alkanoyl andZ' is Y--[(CH.sub.2).sub.m --X].sub.n --,X being CH.sub.2 or 0,Y being OH; COOH or SO.sub.3 H including the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts thereof and also the salts thereof with organic nitrogen bases; or NRR' in which R and R' are in each case H, C.sub.1-20 -alkyl or C.sub.1-4 -hydroxyalkyl, if appropriate quaternized or in the form of the acid addition salts, andn and m each being the numbers 1-4,are excellently suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, in particular in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Macrocyclic 2-halogenoketones are prepared by reacting a macrocyclic 2-hydroxyketone with a halogenating agent. This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a solvent and/or a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for improving the catalytic activity of a partially deactivated solubilized rhodium - tertiary organophosphine complex hydroformylation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the purification of an aromatic compound, e.g. isopropylidenediphenol, comprising using a multi-stage countercurrent process wherein the crystals are melted by the addition of heat and water prior to each crystallization step and wherein one crystallization is accomplished at a pre-selected low temperature.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene from 2,6-dialkylnaphthalenes, which are dissolved in an inert solvent and are oxidized at temperatures from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. by means of oxygen or oxygen donors, in the presence of an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having 5 to 14 carbon atoms, to give the corresponding 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene dihydroperoxides, and the latter are subsequently hydrolysed.The process results in pure, easily isolatable products in a good yield. The process products according to the invention are valuable intermediates for, inter alia, dyes, plastics, synthetic fibres, polymeric liquid crystals or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of resorcinol is described which relies upon the intermediacy of a .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone which can be reacted with a hydroxy moiety-containing compound to obtain a resorcinol precursor which is subsequently converted to resorcinol. In a specific embodiment, 2-cyclohexenone is reacted dehydrogenated to resorcinol. In antoher embodiment, 2-cyclohexenone is oxidized to cyclohexane-1,3-dione which is dehydragenated obtain resorcinol.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of hydroformylating 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and analogs thereof with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium compound free from modification by a ligand containing an element belonging to the group V of the periodic table as well as a method of producing 3-methylpentane-1,5-diol and .beta.-methyl-.delta.-valerolactone using such hydroformylation product.

Abstract: A process for the hydration of lower olefins to a corresponding alcohol by reacting the olefins with water in the presence of a solid perfluorinated sulfonic superacid catalyst.

Abstract: The compound 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-tripicrylbenzene useful as an explosive.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of nitroolefins which comprises heating a solution of a nitroalcohol of the formula: ##STR1## to at least 125.degree. C. to give a corresponding nitroolefin which is contacted in situ with nucleophilic addition reagent.

Abstract: Stabilized 1,1,1-trichloroethane compositions containing an epoxide compound such as epoxybutane, a nitro compound such as nitromethane, a furan compound such as 2-methylfuran, and methyl acetate. These compositions are suitable for the degreasing of metals and for the dry cleaning of textiles in the presence of an aqueous phase.