Abstract: In a lead frame having a number of square dimples arranged on the rear side of a bed portion in a lattice form of a pitch t, each side of the square dimples is disposed to form a predetermined angle relative to either of X--Y axes of the lattice extending in lateral and longitudinal directions of the bed portion. The square dimples may be provided at entire intersecting points between two sets of lines extending in parallel with the X and Y axes, or every other intersecting points of the same, so that an equal pitch of t or 2t is maintained between the dimples arranged in X and Y directions.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a silicon substrate (1) formed with impurity diffusion layers (5, 9) in a region defined by insulating films (2a, 2b) for separating elements and an aluminum alloy film (11) for electrode interconnection having a contact hole portion 7 whose bottom is electrically in contact with the impurity diffusion layers (5, 9). A titanium silicide (TiSi.sub.2) film (4) is deposited on the surfaces of the impurity diffusion layers (5, 9) to reduce sheet resistivity thereof as well as reduce contact resistance between the same and the aluminum alloy film (11). A molybdenum silicide (MoSi.sub.2) film (8) is further formed thereon to prevent the TiSi.sub.2 film (4) from corrosion in removal of an oxide film through etching, while a titanium nitride (TiN) film (10) is formed thereon to prevent thermal reaction of the aluminum alloy film (11) and the MoSi.sub.2 film (8).

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated display is disclosed herein in which a matrix of conductive display electrodes is formed over a corresponding matrix of switching devices which are integrated in a single crystal semiconductor chip such that the display electrodes are connected to their respective switching devices through respective conductive paths. The display electrodes are divided into a plurality of subsets each of which is formed in respective layers, so that the display electrodes of an upper subset overlap the edges of the display electrodes of the lower subset. The display electrode layers are separated by intermediate layers of electrically insulating material. The conductive paths from each higher layer subset passes through gaps between electrodes of any lower subset and through the insulating layers to connect their respective electrodes to the corresponding switching devices.

Abstract: To improve the planarization and reliability of low-impedance aluminum metallizations, a substrate provided with a titanium/titanium nitride double layer diffusion barrier layer and having a contact hole is provided or, respectively, filled with an aluminum/silicon alloy sandwich structure composed of a sequence of n aluminum/silicon layers having n-1 intermediate layers of titanium applied thereon, whereby the layer thickness ratio of the titanium intermediate layers to the overall layer thickness d of the metallization behaves like 1:10. The multisandwich metallization manufactured in this way is used in VLSI circuits and, given the same specific resistance achieves a life expectancy that is 10 through 100 times higher than that of the aluminum/silicon/titanium alloys that are otherwise standard.

Abstract: A semiconductor package having an internally isolated die flag form an externally exposed heatsink is provided by using a two stage molding process. The first molding stage provides a uniform layer of molding material of a predetermined thickness between a die flag area and a heatsink area. A second stage molding procedure then provides the packaging encapsulation thereby establishing the outer dimensions.

Abstract: This invention concerns a semiconductor device of a tape carrier type and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein electroconductive layers made of the same material as that of lead terminals are disposed so as to substantially surround the circumferential edge of a hole for containing an IC chip with a predetermined gap as barrier portions for controlling the flowing range or the coating range on a carrier tape before coagulation of the coating material when the surface of said IC chip after being inserted into the IC chip-containing hole and connected with the lead terminals is coated with the coating material. The steps formed with the surface of the carrier tape and the barrier portions which substantially surround the circumferential edge of the hole at a predetermined gap thereby results in controlling the flowing range of the coating material before coagulation by which the coating region on the surface of the IC chip, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor body, which is composed of at least one semiconductor device, especially one impatt-diode, with integrated heat sink. The series of semiconductor layers, out of which the semiconductor device is produced, is made up of one first p.sup.+ -doped semiconductor layer, which has the function of an etching stop layer, of a contact layer and a buffer layer at the same time.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a semiconductor chip, a leadless chip carrier to one side of which the chip is adhered, and a cap which seals the leadless chip carrier to protect the semiconductor chip. A heat sinking plate (21a or 21b) which is electrically connected to the semiconductor chip (8) is provided on the opposite side of the leadless chip carrier (1).

Abstract: A widescreen television signal containing center panel information and time compressed side panel information in an overscan region is intraframe processed above a given frequency only with respect to the center panel information. The intraframe processing apparatus includes a signal delay network with first and second 262H delay elements coupled between an input and an output of the delay network. During a first field interval, signals from the delay input and from an intermediate point between the delay elements are subtractively combined to produce a difference term which is coupled to a signal path. During a second field interval, signals from the delay output and from the intermediate point are subtractively combined to produce a difference term which is coupled to the signal path. An intraframe processed output signal is produced by combining the difference terms from the signal path with a signal from the intermediate delay point.

Abstract: A composite color television signal codec combines modified folded, hybrid differential pulse code modulation (H-DPCM) encoding and band-limiting decimation and interpolation filters to enhance encoding resolution without a reduction in signal quality of the reconstructed signal. The codec encodes, at five bits per sample, an NTSC 4.2 MHz composite color video signal for transmission over a 44.736 Mb/s communication channel. As in a conventional (H-DPCM) encoding scheme, a digital code value that is associated with a previous (quantized) jth sample of the signal and the difference between that digital code value and a digital code value of an ith sample are combined to produce an output code value for the ith sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a sequential information signal in which a plurality of kinds of information signals having different offset levels according to the kind of information are sequentially allocated at a predetermined period. When the sequential information signal is input, the offset levels of information signals constituting the sequential information signal are each detected in synchronization with first timing signals generated in synchronization with a second timing signal. On the basis of the result of detection, it is determined whether there is any abnormality in the sequential information signal, and, in accordance with the result of this detection, the action for generating the first timing signals is controlled. By virtue of this arrangement, even when an abnormality has occurred in the input sequential information signal, it is possible to stably discriminate the kind of each information signal constituting the sequential information signal.

Abstract: An image pick-up apparatus which has an image pick-up part, a color separating filter arranged in front of the image pick-up part, a driver, a storage part and a read out part. The image pick-up part includes a plurality of horizontal line sensors. The filter has a color repetitive pattern, having a predetermined period in the horizontal direction. The driver has a plurality of states, the successive assumption of which horizontally transfers information in each line sensor at a predetermined interval. The driver is structured and arranged to operate soo that such transfer is stopped intermittently during the transfer interval. The storage part temporarily stores information transferred horizontally from each line sensor, and the read out part sequentially reads out the information in the storage part, line by line.

Abstract: A color converting method in a color image reading apparatus operable to read image information by optically scanning a color transcript, which method comprises the steps of dividing a color space determined by light data of R, G and B into n areas, at the time light data of R, G and B obtained from light reflected from the color transcript are converted into Y (yellow), M (magenta) and C (cyan) data, which are color data for an ink, by the use of matrix coefficients; and converting the light data into color data with the use of matrix coefficients obtained by an approximate equation fixed for each area.

Abstract: This endoscope insertion direction detection method comprises the steps of forming from the same endoscope image a plurality of picture images different in the number of pixels (or picture elements) and extracting a dark region in the picture image of a predetermined number of pixels by inspecting in the order of the picture images of less pixels the gray levels of the respective pixels in the plurality of picture images formed by the above mentioned forming step, the above mentioned dark region extracted by the above mentioned extracting step being considered to be the endoscope insertion direction. Preferably, the forming step includes gradually forming picture images of less pixels while reducing the number of pixels to 1/4 so that, in the case where the number of pixels is reduced to 1/4, the gray level of one pixel in the picture image of less pixels wil be of an average value of the gray levels of the four son pixels in the 2.times.

Abstract: Apparatus permitting viewing of traffic conditions to the rear and side of a motor vehicle, which has opposite sides, comprises:(a) first and second video cameras and first and second display terminals having video screens, the cameras connected to the screens, respectively,(b) the first and second cameras mounted to the vehicle at the respective opposite sides thereof, the cameras directed generally toward the rear of the vehicle,(c) and the screens carried by the vehicle proximate the driver's position, to be viewed by the driver in that position.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging system incorporating a television imaging chain is disclosed. The system includes automatic gain control circuitry, operable upon the video signal produced by the camera of the television imaging chain. The gain control circuitry affords automatic gain control capability for increasing the video gain in response to an undesired decrease in video output signal level. The gain control circuitry, however, is constrained in that it includes circuitry for establishing a minimum video gain which is always maintained during a study, irrespective of increases in brightness of an overall sample window area of the image, which could otherwise cause undesirable darkening of areas of interest in the image when the sample window also includes uninteresting structure which happens to exhibit a bright field.

Abstract: A selectively mobile system with an infrared scanner and video camera having a common area of focus and apparatus for detecting location permits detection of subterranean geological anomalies. Infrared and visual images are simultaneously successively recorded on videotape together with related location data and other relevant information. Video recorded infrared, video and location data are selectively captured on successive frames. Such frames are recorded for further analysis.

Abstract: On a transmitting side, a digital video signal comprising respective pixel samples (each of which may include eight bits) is received, and a set of elementary pixel samples determined from the received pixel samples at a predetermined rate are transmitted. The values of respective subject pixel samples other than the elementary ones are predicted, and respective predictive errors of the predicted values are detected from present values of the received pixel samples. First flags are then generated individually for each subject pixel sample whose predictive error is greater than a threshold value, and second flags are generated individually for each subject pixel sample whose predictive error is less than or equal to the threshold value. The present values of the subject pixel samples having the first flags are transmitted, and compressed data (including the second flags) is transmitted for the subject pixel samples having the second flags.

Abstract: A teletext decoder is provided with a page memory having rows (R0 to R73) for storing corresponding packets of teletext data, the page memory being provided with at least one extra memory bit (F1, F2) for each row thereof, the extra memory bits constituting flags (F1, F2) which may be selectively set by the processor software in order to initiate selective action in respect of those packets which correspond to the flagged rows. The selective action might be to permit or prevent packets being written into memory or to alert the processor that immediate processing of a flagged packet is required.

Abstract: A high bandwidth multiple spot video processing system includes a mosaic array, a dual memory buffer, and a processor. The array and dual memory buffer, operative independently of the processor, are cooperative to provide digital data representative of the spatial intensity distribution of a two-dimensional input signal incident on the mosaic array at a selectable frame rate. A buffer controller, coupled to the processor and to the dual memory buffer, for implementing a communications protocol that allows the processor to selectively operate in a mode synchronous with the data frame rate or asynchronous with the data frame rate to respectively provide a real-time processing mode and a special processing capability. The dual memories of the dual memory buffer each share the same address space of the global memory of the processor.

Abstract: A photoelectric converting apparatus having an accumulating device to accumulate a signal from a photoelectric converting device. This apparatus includes a first accumulating portion to accumulate a readout signal of the photoelectric converting device; and a second accumulating portion to accumulate the remaining signal after the photoelectric converting device was refreshed, wherein the signals of the first and second accumulating portions are superposed and output, thereby obtaining an output signal in which the remaining signal is eliminated from the readout signal.

Abstract: In a solid state television camera for producing output signals corresponding to an object image detected by a solid state image sensor, positions of picture elements having crystal defects and the output signal levels of such defective components are previously stored as the defective picture element data in a memory device. Defect compensating signals corresponding to the actual image pickup operating states are formed on the basis of the defect picture element data read out from the memory device to correct the output signals of such defective picture elements in a manner to provide the image pickup output signals with superior picture quality.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus for sequentially reading photoelectrically converted image information. The apparatus is capable of operating selectively either in a first mode in which a desired portion of the image information is read at a frequency different from the frequency for reading other portions of the image information, followed by a processing to form an effective image, and a second mode in which the desired portion of the image information is read at the same frequency as the frequency for reading other portions of the image information, followed by a processing to form an effective image. At least the clamping timing is changed in accordance with a change-over between the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus for picking up an image in accordance with an exposure constant operating with selection of a first recording mode for performing frame recording of the picked-up image and a second recording mode for performing field recording of the picked-up image and comprising a selecting circuit for selecting one of the first recording mode and the second recording mode prior to picking up the image and an exposure constant setting circuit for setting a predetermined exposure constant to the selected recording mode, wherein the aforesaid exposure constant is a shutter time and an aperture determined depending on the brightness of an object to be photographed, whereby in the first mode, the exposure constant is set so that the aperture is fixed and the shutter time is made changeable in accordance with the brightness, while in the second mode, the exposure constant is set so that the shutter time is fixed, and the aperture is made changeable in accordance with the brightness.

Abstract: A digitizing scanning apparatus for scanning and recording an image in digital format for ultimate reproduction. The apparatus comprises a base and an upstanding tower structure. At least one scanning element, such as a charged coupled device, is carried by an outwardly extending arm on the upstanding tower structure. A source of light is carried by another outwardly extending arm on the upstanding tower structure and is moveable with the scanning element so that there is a constant field of light on any portion of an image as it is being scanned. The apparatus utilizes a pair of horizontal support rods with a unique bearing structure such that a carriage which enables movement of the tower structure is essentially self-aligning and properly supported with a minimum amount of frictional effects. Moreover, the tower structure is removable from and connected to the base housing by merely inserting a neck of the tower structure into a pocket associated with the base housing.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus for recording on a recording sheet an image corresponding to an information signal which apparatus comprises a first housing having a recording sheet holding device for holding the recording sheet, a conveyor for conveying the recording sheet, and a holding member for holding the recording sheet conveyed by the conveyer. A second housing is divisibly openable relative to the first housing and has an ink sheet cassette loading portion for loading thereinto an ink sheet cassette integrally having an ink sheet carrying thereon ink to be transferred and a support member for supporting the ink sheet, the ink sheet cassette being removably mountable with respect to the body of the apparatus.

Abstract: A half-tone image reproduction apparatus, which comprises a Dither matrix memory, constituted by a plurality of elements, for storing a multi-level Dither matrix having multi threshold levels assigned to the individual elements, input data supplying means for supplying the element on the Dither matrix and an input density level, and print dot forming means for forming print dots in accordance with the energy control level selectively read out from the Dither matrix memory. The energy control level stored in the Dither matrix memory is set in accordance with rules for changing the energy control level in accordance with a change in input density level. These rules are independently suitably determined for the respective partial density ranges which constitute a whole density range for the input density. According to this invention, gradation jump and deformation at a high density region can be prevented so that a half-tone image with smooth gradation and high resolution can be attained.

Abstract: An image transmission apparatus comprises means for separating color image information into a plurality of color signals and transmitting said plurality of color signals, display means for displaying a kind of the color signal transmitted by said transmitting means, and means for reproducing said color image information from a medium.

Abstract: A video signal recording method and apparatus for-recording each field of a video signal as a plurality of segments on respective tracks of a magnetic tape, in which each segment consists of a sequentially-ordered set of scanning lines which constitute a fraction of the total scanning lines of the field and which extend substantially over the entire field, for example all of the even-numbered or all of the odd-numbered lines of the field. Since each recording track contains scanning lines extending sequentially over one field, a playback signal providing a correctly ordered display image is obtained for playback operation at speeds higher or lower than the standard speed, while utilizing the same recording and playback signal processing circuits as are utilized during standard speed operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image pick-up device which uses a charge transfer type solid state image pick-up device, and further is provided with a shutter so as to form a high quality picture signal in such a manner that the smear is prevented by prohibiting the incidence of the light on the device while the charge is transferred in the device. Further, the device is driven by a clock signal for still photographing in order to obtain a high quality picture information for one frame surely. Further, the photographing parameter is automatically changed over or the monitor is changed over between the motion picture photographing mode and the still photographing mode.

Abstract: An image processing device for controlling data transfer includes an image scanner, an image printer, a facsimile control unit, bus lines for data transfer, a bidirectional parallel interface unit, and a main CPU in a housing. The device is connected to an external data processing device through the parallel interface unit. In addition to the functions which are obtained independent from the external data processing device, the image processing device realizes various kinds of functions by controlling the image scanner, the image printer facsimile control unit and the interface unit by the main CPU in response to commands from the data processing device. As a result, various kinds of image processing functions are carried out.

Abstract: Imagery data is compressed by subdividing the data into a plurality of blocks. Each block is encoded into a bit map and a pair of threshold values. The bit map provides an array of binary encoded imagery data-representative vector combinations. A vector combination is subdivided into a set of adjacent sub-blocks, each which is examined to determine whether or not it is associated with a prescribed attribute of the image. If the vector is associated with a prescribed attribute, a code representative of that attribute is generated. If the vector is not associated with a prescribed attribute of the image, prescribed portions of the vector are inverted to derive modified vectors that are associated with prescribed image attributes. For each such modified vector a corresponding code is generated. Using each of these corresponding codes, image data is effectively reconstructed and then compared with the original image data.

Abstract: A teleradiology system capable of scanning X-ray images and the like and transmitting the scanned images to various locations is disclosed. The images may be compressed for storage or transmission. Compressed images can be transmitted much more quickly and take up much less space than uncompressed images. Compressed images can be expanded for, among other things, viewing. The compressor/expander and input/output devices reside on a bus structure in such a manner that digital image data can be selectively passed between the compressor/expander and the various input/output devices.

Abstract: Four channels of group 3 facsimile signal are transmitted through a digital transmission line of Bearer rate 64 Kbits/s for a speech signal. A facsimile signal is separated into a tone signal, a binary control signal, and a picture signal, each converted to digital form. Then, a block having 160 bits is assembled including 96 data bits and some control bits, and a justification bit. A justification bit matches clock rate of the present system with clock rate of an external digital transmission line by deleting or inserting one bit in a block. Thus, a conventional group 3 facsimile device is coupled with 16 Kbits/s digital transmission line with no design change for the facsimile device itself.

Abstract: A method of performing interactive image processing of a digital image with a digital computer by:1. forming a sequential order operations file of each operation that is to be performed on a digital image;2. determining which pixels of the digital image must be computed (operated) upon in order to obtain a desired output image by processing through the operations log in a reverse sequential order;3. ordering the computation of the determined pixels in a way which minimizes the amount of computer memory needed by forming chunks of dependent pixels and by calling from memory only those chunks which are needed for the final result and by deleting used chunks when they are no longer needed; and4. processing through the operations file in sequential order.

Abstract: A two-sided copying method and apparatus for a digital copier having an automatic document feeder (ADF) and a two-sided tray device. Documents sequentially fed by the ADF are read by a CCD image sensor and stored in a memory in the form of digital image data. The image data representative of odd pages of the documents are sequentially read out of the memory the highest-numbered page or the lowest-numbered page being first, the image data being printed out on one side of individual paper sheets. The resulting one-sided copies being temporarily stacked on a two-sided tray device. Then, the image data representative of even pages of the documents are sequentially read out of the memory with the lowest-numbered page or the highest-numbered page being first. The one-sided copies are refed one by one from the two-sided tray device the uppermost copy or the lowermost copy first, so that the image data associated with the even pages are reproduced on the other side of the individual one-sided copies.

Abstract: An apparatus for reproducing an information signal from a tape-shaped record bearing medium on which many helical tracks are formed, which is so constructed that while the tape-shaped record bearing medium is intermittently moved in longitudinal direction, the moving distance during traveling of the medium is determined by using a reproduced signal from the head when the medium is stopped, whereby the precise tracking is maintained constantly during travelling.

Abstract: A disk controller for a plurality of disk drives is disclosed. This controller includes a plurality of first memory units, the number of which is equal to the number of the disk drives and each of which stores a group number representative of a kind of the associated disk drives, and further includes a plurality of sets of second memory units, the number of which is equal to the number of the kinds of the disk drives and each of which stores control parameters used for controlling the associated kind of the disk drives. One of the first memory units is accessed in response to a disk drive selecting signal and one of the sets of second memory units is selected in response to the group number read out from the accessed first memory units. The controlled parameters stored in the selected set of second memory units are thereby read out to control the disk drive.

Abstract: A device for detecting the position of a recording/read head (20) for use with a magnetic tape, the head being fixed to the free end of an elongate support (14) fixed to a component (5) which is mounted to rotate in a slot (4) provided in an equatorial plane of a cylindrical drum (1) on whose outside surface the recording tape is wound helically. Said support is capable of bending in a direction (f) which is transverse to the direction of relative head-to-head tape displacement. The device is characterized in that it includes a position sensor comprising a variable electrical capacitance including a fixed plate (32) fixed to the drum (1) of the moving plate (24) fixed to said head support, together with measurement means (33, 34, 35.sub.i) which are sensitive to said capacitance and are suitable for providing a signal representative of the position of the head support (14) and thus of the head (20).

Abstract: A magnetic storage disc 1 has a plurality of concentric data tracks, with circumferentially staggered servo centering signals B, C recorded flanking each track in a sector shaped region of the disc. A rotationally driven spindle 2 positionally clamps the disc such that an index mark on the spindle base is sensed by a pickup 5 immediately following the servo sector. The pickup signal is reliably supplied to a host computer via a timer 16, a microprocessor 12 and a R/W interface 15 to enable read/write operations on an accessed track. A delayed output from the timer, at the end of the data portion of the track and at the beginning of the servo sector, terminates such operations, enables the R/W head 3 to be stepped to a next addressed track by an actuator 4 with coarse positioning, and initiates the accurate centering of the head by an open loop servo.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a head positioning servo system for disk drives employing a dedicated servo surface. A plurality of servo cells are recorded on the servo surface each including a sync field for storing multiple magnetic flux transitions. Each sync field consists of multiple unit areas wherein each of said transitions is selectively stored in one or more of said unit areas. In the preferred embodiment, each sync field includes double frequency (2f) transitions which are stored in a single unit area and single frequency (1f) transitions which are stored in two adjacent unit areas. The two types of transitions are used to encode each sync field to define either a valid ("1") sync or a nonvalid ("0") sync. Valid syncs are detected to generate sync pulses for timing control to derive both rotational and radial position information from the servo surface.

Abstract: A guide structure for an endless magnetic tape has a stationary reel on which the tape is wound in a form of a tape roll. The tape is drawn out from an innermost turn of the tape roll and is taken up on an outermost turn of the tape roll. The guide structure has guides for guiding the tape between the innermost turn and the outermost turn of the tape roll so as to avoid the tape from being twisted.

Abstract: An automatic changing system for a cassette-type medium, having at least one recording and/or reproducing apparatus, a cassette storage apparatus includes multiple cassette storage compartments, and a cassette transporting apparatus by which a selected cassette may be either picked up from a compartment in the cassette storage apparatus and transported to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, or picked up from the recording and/or reproducing apparatus and transported to the cassette storage apparatus. A cassette carriage is provided which includes three openings through which a cassette may be transported in a selected direction, without the need for a special device by which the cassette may be rotated 90.degree. between the recording and/or reproducing apparatus and the cassette transporting apparatus.

Abstract: A disk pack module of a manetic disk memory provides a plurality of data disks separated from one another by spacer rings and arranged on a hub that is rotatably arranged in a housing. The data disks are slipped onto the hub against a flange thereof that projects in the radial direction and is constructed to be elastically deformable and are non-positively clamped thereto with a tension plate. A tension plate is provided, as a receptacle for the tension plate, that is fixed at the end face of the hub facing away from the flange and is constructed such that it reversibly deforms given material stresses occurring as a consequence of temperature changes. As a result of a twisting deformation of the tension ring, different thermal expansions of the hub or, respectively, of the element slipped thereon, are intercepted and neutralized in collaboration with the deformation of the hub flange.

Abstract: A magnetic disk recording/reproducing head device includes a slider member, a magnetic circuit, and a seal member. The slider member is made of a magnetic material. The slider member has at least one sliding surface opposing a recording/reproducing disk, both end portions thereof being formed in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface. The slider member has a groove portion which is formed in one of the end portions to be parallel to the sliding surface. The magnetic circuit in the present invention has a core member made of a magnetic material and fixed to the other of the end portions of the sliding member, a predetermined magnetic gap which is formed between the core member and the slider member, and a coil which is wound around the core member.

Abstract: Over Write Capable Magnetooptical Recording Medium, Recording Method and Apparatus Using the Same. The recording medium in which the direction of an initial field Hini. is the same as that of a bias field Hb (Classes 1, 2, and 8 in Table 1), and which satisfies predetermined formulas can allow an over-write operation if a jointing field Hjoint. is used which continuously changes from the initial field Hini. to the bias field Hb.

Abstract: In a magnetic tape cassette, a magnetic tape is accommodated in a casing formed of an upper half and a lower half and is run along a path between a supply reel and a take-up reel. The path has an S-shaped portion defined by a pair of guide members near the take-up reel. The lower casing half has no wall portion standing in the direction of thickness of the cassette within a predetermined distance from a line which is perpendicular to the line joining the centers of the guide members defining the S-shaped portion of the tape running path and intersects the line substantially at the middle between the centers.

Abstract: Information carrier includes an optically readable disc with a center hole and a hub with radially resilient clamping members which extend through the center hole to retain it on the disc and center it with respect to the information carrying surface on the disc. The hub further carries a sleeve which centers it on a spindle, and a magnetizable clamping ring for retaining it on a turntable, which carries permanent magnets. In an information carrier having two discs sandwiched together, the clamping members of each hub extend between the clamping members of the other hub and pass through the center holes of both discs to engage the opposite disc and retain the discs to each other.

Abstract: An article surveillance marker suitable for use on computer magnetic data disks is disclosed in which the marker, a length of low coercivity, high magnetic permeability ferromagnetic material is integrally formed onto the data disk preferably so as to serve as the concentricity determining factor of the disk, whereby attempted removal or override of the marker renders the disk from unauthorized reproduction. A disk drive sytem is also disclosed with a built-in interrogation zone and write inhibit circuit that insures data originating from the host computer or copied from another marker-protected disk can only be written onto a disk having a marker-protected disk.

Abstract: A current limiter comprising a cryostat provided with a first insulating feedthrough for an inlet conductor and a second insulating feedthrough for an outlet conductor, and a conductor running from one feedthrough to the other inside the tank, said conductor being constituted at least in part by a superconducting material, the cryostat being filled with a fluid at a temperature which is low enough to maintain said material in the superconducting state, said portion made of superconducting material including at least one portion comprising superconducting wires (7, 8) wound in opposite direction windings on two coaxial insulating formers (14, 15). Respective the ends of each of the superconducting wires (7, 8) are connected firstly to the inlet conductor and secondly to the outlet conductor via identical elementary current feeds (21A, 22A).