Abstract: A mechanism for moving a table means lengthwise and crosswise of the table has two mutually orthogonal pairs of table carried parallel guide faces adapted to be mounted on the table, a support base, two pairs of guide members having two mutually orthogonal pairs of parallel guide faces in spaced opposed relation to corresponding pairs of said table carried guide faces, the guide members being movably mounted on the support base for movement in a direction for moving parallel guide faces of the respective pairs in a direction perpendicular to the length of the guide faces, two pairs of parallel straight motion guide bearing mechanisms mounted between opposed pairs of guide faces for lengthwise movably supporting the table on the guide members, and a driving device engaged with at least one guide member of each pair of guide members for moving the one guide member in a direction to move the guide face thereof in the perpendicular direction.

Abstract: The clip structure is provided for securing the microphone of a vehicle telephone in a position beneath the forward marginal edge portion of a vehicle headliner with a microphone cable extending around the forward edge of the vehicle headliner into the space between the vehicle headliner and the vehicle roof structure. The clip structure includes means for securing the microphone in place, means for securement of the structure to the headliner and means for retaining the microphone cable in place.

Abstract: A one-piece can caddy, or holder, for a beverage can has a base support structure approximating the shape of the bottom of a beverage can, a wall extending upward from a portion of the periphery of the base support structure, a handle extending radially outwardly from the wall, and a resilient can retaining clip diverging from the top of the handle and extending radially inwardly to overlie the top bead of the can and retain the can on the base support structure.

Abstract: Apparatus for mounting a television set or the like from an ordinary home ceiling that has spaced-apart joists such as two-by-fours placed on edge and a ceiling panel secured to the underside of the joints. The apparatus includes an L-shaped bracket and a hollow shaft connected to one of the legs of the bracket so as to form a U-shaped hook that is engageable in flush contact with a ceiling joist. The shaft extends downward through a hole in the ceiling adjacent to a joist and provides support for a cabinet connected to the shaft. A spacer element is preferably disposed between the cabinet and ceiling, and the cabinet is secured by a disc and nut adjacent to the ceiling and a nut engaging the bottom of the shaft below a support plate connected to the top of the cabinet. Electrical wires and coaxial cables as required are threaded upward through the hollow shaft and are made available for connection to power and signal sources.

Abstract: A support leg for trailer tongues which comprises an L-shaped ground support leg having a horizontal portion of square cross-section, a leg mounting bracket having a hollow cylindrical interior capped at one end and open at the other end with a circular cross-section of sufficient diameter to telescopically and rotatively receive the horizontal leg portion and terminating at its closed end in an internal leg-locking cavity of square cross-section, said internal cavity being adapted to telescoping receive said horizontal leg portion and restrain said horizontal leg portion against rotative movement, whereby said horizontal leg portion may be withdrawn from said internal leg locking cavity and rotate in said hollow cylindrical interior from a retracted to an extended position and vice versa and then telescopically inserted back into the internal cavity for locking engagement in the new position, a tension spring to resist telescoping disengagement of said leg horizontal portion from the internal leg locking cav

Abstract: A seat height and tilt mechanism for a vehicle seat has separate hand wheel controlled adjustors for adjusting the seat height and tilt having a control lever which can be moved relative to the seat base and a system of pivoted links which results in the seat as a whole being raised or lowered, the control lever then alternatively being locked relative to the seat base, the front edge of the seat then being lifted to tilt the seat.

Abstract: A locking device for a slide rail in a vehicle seat, and particularly for a pair of slide rails which each have an upper rail and a lower rail, said upper rail being formed by two half rail members. The locking device in the present invention includes a pair of stoppers which are slidably provided within the two half rail members respectively of the two upper rails such as to be vertically movable therein, a plurality of holes formed in the lower rails, into which holes the stopper is to be engaged, and a lever rod which is operatively connected with the stopper. Single operation of the lever rod causes engagement and disengagement of the stoppers into and from the holes for locking and unlocking of the slide rails at one time.

Abstract: A compact document holder (20) which is maintained in a vertical position via tie-bars (24) and mounting brackets (26). The base of the holder is provided with an elongated ledge (36) extending outward to engage the document so as to maintain it secure within the holder. The tie-bars (24) facilitate the opening of the holder for the insertion of the documents as well as maintaining the document secure within the holder via the downward force provided by the weight of the document.

Abstract: An easel assembly for assisting printing of artwork onto articles of clothing or textile material. The assembly has a frame, at least one support member and at least one work piece support for supporting a work piece. The support member and work piece support have complementary registry means such that the work piece support can be located and held in a desired position relative to the support member. A stencil on a carrier is included with the carrier having complementary registry means to the support member or to registry means on the frame such that the work piece support can be mounted to the support member, the carrier can be mounted to the support member and positioned overlying the work piece support to enable artwork to be applied to the work piece.

Abstract: A mounting mechanism for coupling a compressor to an automobile engine including a mounting bracket, at least one flange projecting from the outer peripheral surface of the compressor and a fastener for fastening each flange to the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket includes a vibration absorbing coupling mechanism for coupling each fastener to the mounting bracket and absorbing vibration generated by the compressor. The vibration absorbing coupling mechanism comprises at least one vibration absorbing unit having its longitudinal axis in substanially parallel alignment with the longitudinal axis of the compressor, while being in substantially perpendicular alignment with the center line of at least one of the fasteners.

Abstract: An overhead support for receiving medical appliances comprises an extension arm and appliance receiving means and is modified for receiving various chassis-mounted appliances on said appliance receiving means. To this end the appliance receiving means is level-adjustable such that it receives a medical appliance carried on a chassis by grabbing the chassis from below.

Abstract: A valve for fluid comprises a body (1) of molded synthetic resin, this body (1) being surrounded by a casing (25) constituted by an extruded profile. This casing (25) has openings (30) in which are fixed plugs (31) having a screw-threaded bore and constituting connectors permitting connecting the valve to the tubing. Joints (34) between the plugs (31) and the valve body are provided to permit relative displacement between these parts without loss of sealing during displacement due to differences of expansion of the members as a function of temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus including spaced ramps directing spaced wheels of an automobile upon platforms to define each of the first and second ramp members. An elongate flexible web is mounted longitudinally of each ramp member and extends forwardly thereof to accommodate frictional engagement with automotive wheels to align and secure the ramps in position subject to mounting of the ramps by the associated automobile.

Abstract: A universal transmission work station (10) designed for use by a single person to mount and service any model or type of automatic transmission (50). Thus, the invention solves the problem of needing more than one work station to service the various models/types of transmissions used today. The work station (10) requires a minimum work space, is easily stowed when not in use and is easily dismantled for storage or shipment. The work station consists of eight common assemblies and a ninth assembly especially designed to service frontwheel drive transmissions. The design basically consists of a base assembly (12) to which is attached a lower and upper pivoting assembly (14) (16). After the transmission (50) is mounted to the work station, by means of a tail housing support assembly (18) and a bell-housing mounting plate assembly (20), the pivoting assemblies (14) (16) can be tilted to allow the transmission (50) to be serviced in a horizontal position.

Abstract: This is a chain tensioning system which uses a link section and a hydraulic power section. The link section is rectangular in shape and has a cross-link which is secured by a rod to a load hook external of the link. A securing nut is provided on the threaded rod inside the link frame. A hydraulic power section is used to move the cross-link away from the end of the link section and the securing nut then secures the cross-link in the tightened position. The hydraulic power section is then relaxed and removed and can be used on another appropriate link section.

Abstract: An automobile pneumatic jack system that can be easily attached to all currently manufactured automobile chassis and frames. There is a front suspension pneumatic jack that is mounted centrally to the front suspension of an automobile between its front wheels. There is also a rear suspension pneumatic jack that is mounted centrally to the rear suspension of the automobile between its rear wheels. The system operates from a compressed air reservoir tank that has connections for the front and rear car jack outlets. Additional outlets can be added to the compressed air reservoir tank for connecting a pneumatic lug wrench and another for a tire inflating hose. A further option to the system could include a connection to the master brake cylinder such that when the car is locked, the compressed air is applied to the braking system to lock the brakes hard on for an anti-theft feature.

Abstract: In a process for continuously melting scrap (6) and/or pig iron within a converter (1), the converter (1) is heated in proximity of the bottom (3) with sub-stoichiometric burners (4), having their flames (5) essentially radially directed into the interior of the converter (1). In this case, secondary air or O.sub.2 is supplied at a distance above the burner plane for the purpose of completing the combustion. The melt is, optionally together with slag, discharged via a tapping means (9) laterally connected to the converter (1) into a mobile ladle (19). For the purpose of interchanging ladles (19), the converter (1) is swivelled into a position in which the level of the melt is located below the taphole (11).

Abstract: An electroslag remelting plant includes an ingot mold 4 for forming a block from remolten material, at least one consumable electrode 26, a body having at least one vertically driven electrode rod 20 for the advance of the consumable electrode and a hood 33 disposed above the ingot mold which has at least one concentric opening toward the respective electrode axis. In order to limit the volume over the slag the following is provided: The hood 33 is, with respect to its vertical axis "A", subdivided into laterally movable sectors 34, 35 each of which is, at a first sealing joint 41, gas-tight connected with its lower edge 40 to top of the ingot mold 4 as far as possible and with its upper edge 39, at a second sealing joint 42, gas-tight sealed as far as possible with respect to the electrode rod. Further, the hood 33 has an interior of such cross section and height that, in its most elevated position, the top end of the at least one consumable electrode 26 is below the second sealing joint 42 of the hood 33.

Abstract: A gas injection lance for use in metal refining is disclosed. The lance includes a tube having an inner diameter profile and a throttle member slidably received with the tube. The tube and throttle member define an annular gas flowpath. The throttle body may be moved axially within the tube to modify the characteristics of the flowpath.

Abstract: A tundish consisting essentially of a rigid metallic outer casing having walls and a bottom at least one permanent layer of heat insulating material adjacent said casing, and a unitary, integrally formed expendable inner lining made of a hydrocarbon-free refractory composition and having at least one liquid metal flow control device integrally formed therewith, the lining being chemically compatible with the molten metal to be placed in the tundish. The invention also comprises the unitary integrally formed expendable lining and the method to form the same.

Abstract: Self-pumping hydropneumatic shock absorbing leg with internal level regulation, in which the dampening force can be controlled and continuously adjusted during operation of a vehicle. For this purpose, the work piston of the shock absorber is provided with a check valve, whereby a passage runs from one work chamber to an adjustable dampening valve, and from this damping valve, a flow connection runs directly or indirectly via at least one additional check valve into the other work chamber and into a circulation passage which forms a connection to the high pressure chamber.

Abstract: A suspension device for motor vehicles comprises a telescopic shock-absorber and an air spring which is arranged coaxially with the shock-absorber around the region of the seal between the cylinder and the rod of the shock-absorber. The air spring defines a pneumatic chamber of annular cross-section.

Abstract: A flexible strut device for supporting a pair of lifter wheels for a sugar beet harvester includes a mounting bracket secured to the tool bar of the sugar beet harvester. A fixed fulcrum plate is secured to the mounting bracket and is secured to a movable fulcrum plate by connector assemblies. A flexible strut having a pair of lifter wheels journaled thereon is secured to the movable fulcrum plate. The connector assemblies include horizontally disposed compression sleeves which yieldably urge the fixed and movable plate to a normal operating position and permit the movable fulcrum plate, the flexible strut and lifter wheels to be deflected upwardly or downwardly against the bias of the compression sleeves in response to the lifter wheels striking an object, such as a stone or the like.

Abstract: A stage device usable, e.g., in an X-ray exposure apparatus, for moving a semiconductor wafer placed in a vacuum ambience and held by a wafer chuck, is disclosed. In the stage device, the wafer chuck holds the wafer so that the surface of the wafer onto which a circuit pattern is to be transferred is placed in a vertical plane, and the wafer chuck is moved vertically and horizontally for step-and-repeat exposure of the wafer. The device includes a guide mechanism, locking mechanism and a constant-tension spring mechanism, to thereby ensure high-accuracy movement of the wafer chuck in the vertical direction as well as high-precision positioning of the wafer. Further, in the stage device, a drive source producing a drive to move the wafer chuck is disposed in a vacuum ambience while, on the other hand, the supply of operating fluids to air bearing assemblies, for guiding the movement of the wafer chuck, is achieved by use of metal pipes coupled by rotary joints.

Abstract: A copy sheet stack apparatus stacks copy sheets discharged from an image-forming device and binds them be means of a staple. The apparatus comprises a first accommodating device for accommodating copy sheets discharged from the image-forming device, a staple device for binding by way of the staple the copy sheets accommodated into the first accommodating device, a second accommodating device disposed below the first accommodating device to accommodate a bundle of the copy sheets bound be means of the staple, a fall device for making the bundle of the copy sheets bound by way of the staple fall from the first accommodating device to accommodate into the second accommodating device by its own weight, and a guide device disposed between the first accommodating device and the second accommodating device to guide the bundle of the copy sheets fallen from the first accommodating device to the second accommodating device.

Abstract: A light-tight magazine for dispensing recording sheets one by one from a stack in which the sheets are separated from each other by intervening spacing foils (17), the spacing foils being held against removal from the magazine by means of ear portions (20, 21) that protrude laterally beyond the sides of the stack and are engaged by means of fixed abutment walls (27, 28) in the magazine interior.

Abstract: A reversible auto document feeder having a document feeding mechanism for feeding a document to a document placing position of an image forming apparatus, reversing the document, feeding the reversed document to the document placing position again, and discharging the document is provided with change means for changing to another control mode of controlling the document feeding mechanism so as to feed a document to the document placing position, reversing the document after copying, feeding the reversed document to the document placing position again, and discharging the document after copying in accordance with an ADF signal from the image forming apparatus. Consequently, even if attached to image forming apparatus capable of sending only an ADF signal, RADF operation can be performed in accordance with the ADF signal.

Abstract: Sheet-feeding apparatus in which documents having distinguishable sides are momentarily halted by transversely spaced rollers to examine the sheets for proper orientation. A high-speed gating roller directs properly oriented sheets along the normal feed path. Upon detecting an improperly oriented sheet, the gating roller is driven in a reverse direction to drive the sheet into an inversion pocket where it is inverted before being returned to the normal path. The feed members along the inversion path are driven at a greater speed than sheets along the normal path to return the inverted sheet to it proper position in the document stream.

Abstract: A receiving tray for material in sheet form coming from a copying machine which includes a support that is rotatable about a pivot axis and which can be set to two positions by hand. The first position is for receiving loose sheets on a first support surface of the support and the second position is for receiving computer forms on a second support surface of the support oppositely disposed from the first support surface. The support is provided with a sheet stop and a guide element pivotally connected to the sheet stop. In the first position the support directly adjoins a sheet exit of the copying machine and the guide element is disposed beneath the support. In the second position the guide element forms a sheet guide between the sheet exit of the copying machine and the receiving tray for the deposition of a computer form in the receiving tray which in this position has a greater storage capacity than in the first position.

Abstract: Apparatus for variably accelerating a rotatable drive member comprises a slotted drive member mounted to rotate a drive shaft. A sun gear has two opposingly situated planet gears mounted to mesh with the sun gear. A driven annular gear rotates the planet gear. Each planet gear includes a cam member mounted to each planet gear off axis relative thereto. The cam members are received in the slotted drive member. As the annular gear is driven with angular velocity omega the cam members travel towards and away from the sun gear as they orbit around the sun gear. This movement causes the rotational movement applied to the drive member to vary between a maximum and a minimum angular velocity. Consequently, it is possible to arrange the apparatus to receive a rapidly moving product and slow it down before delivery onto a conveyor.

Abstract: A rocker toy convertible from a riding rocker to a cradle use by orienting a intermediate platform in either of two rotative positions on a rocker assembly, disposed lengthwise or transversely to the rocking direction. A removable saddle-closure is attached to a miniature chest separately usable as a play item. The platform securely locks to a crosspiece included in the rocker assembly in either rotative position.

Abstract: A ski slalom exerciser which includes a horizontal platform with a low friction top surface and a pair of sliders having low friction bottoms disposed on the platform for sliding movement thereon. This movement may also be guided by a pair of elongated guides slidably engaged to the sliders. The guides positioned and extending above the platform have their forward ends pivotally secured to a bracket positioned forwardly in variable distance from the platform. To stop this movement, the sliders have on their elongated lateral sides brakes operated by tilting the user's feet. A pair of upright adjustable poles are mounted to the front portion of the base in variable distance from the platform. A pair of stretchable straps may be used to compel the user to flex his legs. The straps are attached at one end to hooks at the front of the sliders, with the other end wrapped around the user's knees.

Abstract: An athletic device for training the muscles of the upper body, in particular the arm muscles, in the course of running and walking, comprising a vest to be worn by a user, an elastically expandable strap removably disposed fastened in place across a back part of the vest and having at its ends two cuff means for connection to the arms of the user.

Abstract: An exercising bench includes a horizontal platform mounted on a plurality of support units which engage racks suspended from the platform for adjusting the elevation of the platform. The support units each have a pair of inner legs and a pair of outer legs pivotally connected together. The outer legs are pivotally and fixedly connected to the platform and the inner legs have a bridging member connected therebetween which engages the suspended racks to permit height and angular orientation adjustment of the platform relative to the ground.

Abstract: A basketball accessory comprising a first strap of predetermined width having its ends overlapped and secured together; a second strap equal dimensioned to the first strap; said first and second straps attached to each other at their crossing point such that the overlapped sections are diagrametically opposite each other; said straps forming a harness to tightly fit the circumference of a basketball.

Abstract: The present invention is comprised of a tee ball stand which simulates actual hitting conditions by employing a generally vertical elongated stand having a base portion supporting a separable resilient ball support member at its upper end portion which pivots about its lower portion upon being impacted by a bat and is urged back to its vertical at rest position by a cord and spring arrangement coaxially connected within said base portion.

Abstract: A ball game apparatus includes a loosely put-up net, an elastic cord one end of which is connected to a fixed frame of the net and the other end of which is connected to a ball, and a target, located behind the net, for outputting ball speed and hit signals of the ball flying toward the net.

Abstract: A lie indicator for a golf clubhead that has utility as a golf practice aid. The indicator includes a straight bubble tube mounted in slightly skewed relation to a base member so that the axis of the tube and the axis of the base member are skewed at about one degree with respect to one another. The base member includes a flush mounted magnet that releasably secures the indicator to the face of the clubhead. The base member is aligned with a score line on the face of the clubhead so that when the golfer centers the bubble in the tube, an apparent one degree over compensation is provided. However, the lie angle of the clubhead is correct at the moment of ball impact because the mass of the clubhead causes it to rotate during the swing by about one degree.

Abstract: A racket for a racket sport has a frame having a handle and an annular frame head carried on the handle and formed with throughgoing stringing holes each having an outer end and an inner end. Liners define rigid edges around the outer edges of at least selected ones of the holes and strings pass through the holes in the frame, those strings passing through the selected ones of the holes being bent around and in contact with the rigid edges thereof. Respective pliable washers received in the selected ones of the holes offset from the respective ridged edges thereof each have an inner periphery elastically hugging the string traversing the respective hole for damping vibration in the head and an outer periphery fixed relative to the frame head.

Abstract: An apparatus which is attached to a tennis racket at one or more locations and which is configured to securely grasp and pick up a tennis ball, thereby permitting the user to use the tennis racket to pick up the tennis ball and eliminate the requirement for the user to bend down on numerous occasions. The apparatus has two key elements. The first is a removable ball gripping member which is configured in an arcuate shape conformed to the shape of the ball which is being retrieved such as a tennis ball and which further includes gripping means to grasp the surface of the ball. Second, the removable ball gripping member includes removable fastening means by which the removable ball gripping member can be attached to any desired location on the retrieving object such as a tennis racket and the tennis racket includes mating gripping apparatus at selected locations to hold the removable ball gripping apparatus.

Abstract: A game machine comprises hit flag counters which count up each hit request and count down upon the occurrence of each hit game. In these hit flag counters, if a hit cannot occur in spite of a hit request, the hit request is stored for the following games until the corresponding hit is obtained. A hit can be obtained only when the number of stored hit requests is not less than the number of inserted coins, so that the pay-out rate of the game machine is exactly controlled to be constant in totality.

Abstract: A lottery ticket is generated from a customer receipt by listing on the receipt the UPC codes of the items purchased by the customer. The UPC codes can be used as lottery numbers. To enhance security, it is optional to subject the UPC numerical codes on each receipt to a predetermined numerical algorithm to generate a lottery number. The lottery numbers generated are stored to memory of the inventory computer, and, once a week, or some other period, the computer randomly selects one or more of the stored numbers as winning numbers. The winning numbers are posted to allow the players to match the lottery numbers of their receipts to the winning number list. Forgery is discouraged by reexecution of the numerical algorithm on the UPC numbers on the receipt as a check of the lottery number on the receipt.

Abstract: Apparatus 10 for playing a game of skill comprises a body 11 presenting a three-dimensional playing surface. There is provided on the surface at least one more possible position for a playing piece than playing pieces 25. The pieces 25 are therefore movable relative to one another by sliding them from position to position along grooves 16 and 24 to move them from a starting configuration on the surface to a predetermined eventual configuration on the surface.

Abstract: A golf stance alignment device is a practice apparatus for insuring that a golfer takes the proper stance when addressing the ball. The device is adjusted to touch the golfer at the shoulders and just below the knees when the golf club is placed in the marked position for the particular club being used and the golfer takes up position as if to hit the ball. The device is adjustable in extension and angle according to the golfer and the club being used. Graduations on the device enable it to be reset with the same angles and lengths for repeated practice sessions. After standing against the device, the golfer then steps away, takes up the same stance, and plays the golf ball while remembering the stance from the correctly aligned position previously supported at the shoulders and knees by the device.

Abstract: A young girl's board game is provided and consists of playing pieces, make-up kits, a game board and a die. Each playing piece represents one young girl player which each kit is used by one young girl player. The game board has a continuous path around its perimeter divided into consecutive spaces, in which one space is a start for the playing pieces, while the other spaces bear instructions in which most of the instructions indicate what items each young girl player must put on and take off from their make-up kit when their playing piece lands thereon during the play of the game. The die produces random numeric designations representing travel movements for each playing piece along the continuous path of the spaces, so that when each playing piece lands on one space the instructions will be followed, until the first young girl player to put on all of the items from her make-up kit will become the winner.

Abstract: A board game includes a game board having a movement path defined by a plurality of sequential spaces and including start and finish spaces. A plurality of game markers are assigned to game players for movement along the path. A sequentially numbered die is utilized to determine seating order and the order of play among a group of players. A multi-colored die has a plurality of differently colored faces. A plurality of cards each have a front face bearing indicia designating famous individuals in various categories. Each of the cards has a rear face bearing indicia designating a description clue corresponding to each of the famous individuals. The categories are color coded corresponding to the colors of the multi-colored die. A timer is utilized to control the length of each player's turn.

Abstract: A portable volleyball net assembly is constructed of tough, high strength plastic and includes two cylindrical housings within each of which is stored one-half of the net and a telescoping supporting post assembly. The net is attached to a rotatable tube within the housing from which it may be extended through a longitudinal housing slot and around which it may be rerolled by manually turning an end cap attached to the tube on the outside of the housing. The telescoping post assembly preferably includes two tubular sections adapted to be withdrawn from the rotatable net-supporting tube and locked into their extended positions to fix the height of the net. The overlapping ends of two of the tubular sections includes axially positionable locking slots to establish varying net heights. The lowermost tubular telescoping post member has an anchoring spike rotatably attached to it which may be screwed into the ground to anchor the post without rotation of the rest of the assembly.

Abstract: An improved "infield" cylindrical sealing gland which is constructed to be secured in mating relation providing a positive seal to the pump housing to supplement a sealing assembly for pumps and other machinery, including rotating shafts. The contacting surface of the gland in face-to-face relation to the pump housing is provided with one or more annular grooves in which are seated O-rings which bear against the surface of the pump housing. Structure is provided to interpose a viscous liquid into the grooves to produce hydraulic pressure against the internal surfaces of the O-rings compressing them against the surface of the pump housing in order to compensate for mismatches in the surfaces caused by corrosion, or other discrepancies.

Abstract: The space between a rotary shaft movable in the axial direction within and extending from a casing is sealed by a rotary shaft seal component mounted around the rotary shaft and on a cylindrical pipe between the casing and the rotary shaft. The cylindrical pipe is movable in the axial direction in synchronism with the rotary shaft, but does not rotate therewith. Two seals movable in the axial direction are provided for sealing off the space between the casing and the cylindrical pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealably and flexibly joining together a pipe member and an enclosed body in a sewer system having a seal comprising an elastic sleeve with an annular cavity. The cavity contains a coagulant material that forms a cellular, viscous gel when activated with water. When the seal is properly positioned, water is pumped under pressure through a valve into the cavity to expand the elastic sleeve into sealing engagement with the pipe and the manhole. In time the water and coagulant material forms the gel that remains in the viscous state.