Abstract: For controlling the rotation angle of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool in synchronization with the position of a feed shaft, the learning control method according to the present invention comprises steps of reading the positional command value of the feed shaft corresponding to the detected value of the current revolutional angle of said main shaft out of the table which stores in advance the positional instruction values corresponding to the angle equivalent to one rotation of the shaft, subtracting the detected value of the current position of the feed shaft from the read out positional value to obtain the positional deviation table of the shaft, renewing the correction value table of the positional deviation values of the shaft which are stored in advance by using afore-mentioned deviation table, and suspending the renewal operation of the correction table of the positional deviation when the difference between the positional deviation table which has been added with the correction value ta

Abstract: A lightweight hand-held scanning device for repetitively scanning a laser light source having a laser light generating means and at least one high speed scanning motor controlled by a resonant motor circuit which automatically controls the frequency and amplitude of oscillation of a high speed scanning motor. The frequency and amplitude control is accomplished by using a single feedback signal obtained from the windings of the motor which indicates resonance and which also measures the amplitude of oscillation. The feedback signal obtained is a second harmonic of the driving current. The circuit can be utilized to tune and maintain the motor in a resonant oscillating mode. By controlling both the frequency and amplitude of oscillation the high speed scanning motor can maintain a consistent scanning speed and use less power.

Abstract: A motor control device for a powered seat comprising a switch capable of selective determination for rotation direction of a motor and further of depression for adjustment of rotation rate of the motor, and an electric circuit for causing the motor to rotate in a selected one of normal and reverse directions and increase or decrease its rotation rate in response to the switch-over and depressing/releasing operations of such one switch only.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the performance of polyphase AC machine is provided. The machines are excited with both a fundamental frequency and with an odd harmonic of the fundamental frequency so that a fundamental flux wave and an odd harmonic flux wave travel at a synchronized speed within the air-gap of the machine. The phase angle between the fundamental and odd harmonic excitation is controlled to increase the magnetic loading of one portion of the machine, while reducing the magnetic loading of the another portion of the machine. In this manner, redistribution of the flux densities is effected to more efficiently use the various components of the machine to increase torque.

Abstract: A portable power supply has a body case, an attaching portion, an input portion, a voltage lowering portion, a storage battery, an output portion and heat radiating means. The body case has two opposing major surfaces and two sections divided by a prescribed reference line. The attaching portion is provided on one of the major surfaces for detachably attaching the power supply to a human body. The input portion and the output portion are positioned in one of the sections to be exposed from the body case. The input portion is connected to a commercial power source, and the output portion is connected to a prescribed electronic device. The voltage lowering portion lowers power from the input portion. The storage battery is charged by the output from the voltage lowering portion. The heating radiating means is provided on the other one of the major surfaces of the body case and makes the heat radiation of the other one of the major surfaces higher than that of the one of the major surfaces.

Abstract: A system for transmitting microwaves to one or more receiver assemblies comprises an array of separate microwave transmitting assemblies for emitting a plurality of microwave beams, the array being arranged to apparently fill a radiating aperture of predetermined shape and size when viewed from the direction of a receiver assembly, and a phase controlling assembly associated with the microwave transmitting assemblies for controlling the relative phase of the emitted beams to form at least one composite shaped microwave beam directed to at least one receiver assembly. The receiver assembly is located in the near field of the microwave beam. The transmitting assemblies are each associated with separate power sources comprising solar power collecting assemblies. In one arrangement the transmitting system is on the moon and the or each receiver assembly is on Earth.

Abstract: A laser diode controller uses a programmed microcontroller to accurately control the process of turning on and selecting the operating point of the laser diode. The laser diode has a front facet for transmitting light, and a back facet for monitoring the laser diode's optical output power. Once the back facet of the laser diode is calibrated, the controller can accurately monitor the laser diode's operating characteristics, and can select the best operating point current based on the current operating characteristics of the laser diode. During calibration of the laser diode, the controller can check the linearity of the laser diode's optical output power as a function of drive current, and can thereby detect defects in the laser diode.

Abstract: A switching power source comprising a pair of output terminals, a first switch element, a reactor and a filter which are connected to each other in series between one of the terminals of an input DC power source and one of the output terminals; a second switch element connected between a connecting node for the reactor and the filter and the other terminal of the input DC power source; and means for causing energy stored in the reactor to be fed back for regeneration to the input DC power source when the switch elements are turned off, wheein the switching power source is characterized by that the first and second switch elements are alternatively actuated for ON-OFF actions at a prescribed time ratio.

Abstract: A technique for detecting whether electrical contact between a probe tip and a device under test ("DUT") has been established. A contact sensing circuit has a ground that is isolated from the ground of the DUT (and remaining portions of the test equipment) during contact sensing. The contact sensing circuit has elements that operate to apply a characteristic signal to one of the DUT terminals, such as its ground terminal. This causes virtually all the DUT circuit traces to track the applied signal (relative to the contact sensing ground). The contact sensing circuit further includes elements, coupled to the probe, that operate to detect the presence of the characteristic signal (relative to the contact sensing ground) on the probe. Once electrical contact has been established, the characteristic signal output is disconnected from the DUT, the test equipment ground is connected to the contact sensing circuit ground, and the probe output is coupled to the relevant portions of the test equipment circuitry.

Abstract: A test selection system is provided which includes a semiconductor substrate having a pin connected thereto and an integrated circuit disposed on the substrate and connected to the pin having an operating voltage within a given voltage range. A latch conditioning circuit having an input responsive to a voltage of a given magnitude has an output connected to a latch, and a voltage control circuit operable at a voltage without the given voltage range selectively applies a control voltage of the given magnitude to the input of the latch conditioning circuit. A voltage without the given voltage range is applied to the pin during a first interval of time to produce the control voltage for establishing a test mode and a voltage within the given voltage range is applied to the pin during a second interval of time to establish a normal operating mode for the integrated circuit.

Abstract: Sine wave signals generated from a position detector are used as analog values to detect a fine position of a rotating or moving body, a rise or fall edge of the sine wave signal is used to detect a coarse position of the rotating or moving body, and the position or speed of the rotating or moving body is detected based on a signal indicative of the detected coarse position when the rotating or moving body is at high speed and based on a signal indicative of the detected fine position when the rotating or moving body is at low speed to thereby provide optimal control from high speed to low speed. Especially at extremely low driving, speed detection with superhigh resolution is effected using the analog value to decrease an uneven rotation of the rotating body.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit is placed in the wheel assembly of the landing gear of an aircraft. The amplifier circuit amplifies a signal whose frequency is proportional to the speed of the wheel prior to transmitting the signal over a transmission line to sensing and control circuits. This permits a high frequency signal to be generated at the wheel assembly and insures that the signal has sufficient power to be sensed by a remotely located sensing circuit even though the signal may be attenuated by the capacitance in the transmission line. This permits a higher frequency signal to be generated than previously possible. This provides greater wheel speed resolution and enhanced sensitivity for aircraft landing gear anti-skid systems.

Abstract: A system for photoinductive imaging for flaw detection of materials and for calibrating eddy-current probes includes positioning an eddy-current probe adjacent to a specimen to be analyzed or to be used as a calibration fixture. A source of thermal energy is modulated and focused to a localized area on the specimen. Thermal energy is then scanned across at least a portion of the detection area of the eddy-probe. The resulting signal from the eddy-current probe is recorded and can depict either thermal-influenced components of the specimen or the response pattern of the eddy-current probe. The record can therefore be used to image flaws or physical holes or shapes of the specimen or calibrate the eddy-current probe.

Abstract: An apparatus for magnetically detecting a positional relation between first and second members the positions of which change relative to each other comprises a magnetic recording medium carried on the first member and a magnetic sensor substrate supported by the second member. Two or more tracks each including a multiplicity of magnetic poles arranged at a predetermined pitch are provided on the magnetic recording medium, corresponding to the respective phases of two or more detection signals to be detected by the apparatus and in a direction in which the positional relation between the first and second members changes. The magnetic poles in any one of the tracks are shifted with respect to the magnetic poles in the other track by an amount corresponding to a phase difference between the detection signal for the phase which corresponds to the one track and the detection signal for the phase which corresponds to the other track.

Abstract: An eddy current testing system consists of a multi-sensor probe, a computer and a special expansion card and software for data collection and analysis. The probe incorporates an excitation coil, and sensor coils; at least one sensor coil is a lateral current-normal coil and at least one is a current perturbation coil.

Abstract: In an rf coil of a magnetic resonance apparatus steps are taken to optimize a uniform rf measuring field. To this end, axially extending current conductors are provided with means for generating a non-constant effective current intensity in current paths extending across a cylindrical surface so as to be parallel with a symmetry axis of the coil. This can be realized by deflecting axial conductors away from the cylindrical surface, by partly shielding them, by adding auxiliary coils to be individually controlled, or by connecting L-C circuits across the current conductors.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine has first and second comparators which compare the voltage of a winding of an ignition coil with reference voltages at first and second lengths of time after an ignition signal. The output of the first comparator indicates if the secondary winding of the ignition coil is connected to an open circuit. The output of the second comparator indicates if the secondary winding is shorted to ground. The comparators are connected to an OR gate, and the output of the OR gate is used to indicate misfiring.

Abstract: The turns of an optical fiber paid out from a canistor are counted, and the signature of the optical fiber is measured, by monitoring the electromagnetic field of the charge on the optical fiber as it moves past an antenna. The optical fiber follows a helical path as it is paid out. A stationary antenna located transversely proximate the payout region detects a periodic repeating variation of the bound and/or free electrical charge associated with the optical fiber, as the optical fiber periodically moves closer to and farther from the antenna along the helical path. Each period of the variation corresponds to one turn of optical fiber paid out from the canister.

Abstract: An impedance meter with improved measurement accuracy obtained by controlling the level of the signal source. The impedance meter comprises a signal source, feedback amplifier, synchronous detector, A/D and control logic. The source level is maintaind by the control logic at a predetermined value by measuring the output of a synchronous detector and intermittently adjusting the level of the source thereby compensating for variations in test object's impedance. Control logic algorithms employed include successive substitution, bisection and linear interpolation.

Abstract: Method for determining qualities and/or frequencies of electrical tuned circuits. The method includes the steps of exciting the turned circuit with a switching pulse which has a short rise and fall time as compared with a period corresponding to the resonant frequency of the circuit, and evaluating the oscillation dying out after the switching impulse.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the extent of deflections of a movable diaphragm in a capacitive displacement type transducer. The transducer circuit is connected to a three terminal capacitive type transducer, and produces an output which is essentially of stray capacitances, circuit component tolerances and changes, and dimensional changes in the transducer elements caused by temperature changes. This is achieved by providing an output which is representative of the difference in the capacitances of the two transducer capacitors, nominalized by dividing by the sum of the capacitance reciprocals. The output of the transducer circuit thus represents the extent of the diaphragm deflection with all other transducer and circuit parameter variations removed.

Abstract: A method for achieving plane rotations using symmetrical adiabatic and composite pulses provides that the pulses are generated to include a pair of symmetrically positioned discontinuous phase shifts of equal but opposite magnitude and, in the case of adiabatic pulses, a flip in the effective B.sup.e executed concomitantly with the discontinuous phase shifts. Methods of spectral editing utilize the symmetrical pulse form with the discontinuous phase shifts accomplished with predetermined delays between segments of a pulse.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizing device comprises two reference frequency generators RG1 and RG2, an offset stage OS and a phase-locked loop PLL. In the phase-locked loop, which operates as a tracking filter, the output frequency fs.sub.A is generated by the addition of the frequencies f.sub.RG1 and f.sub.OS. The output frequency fs.sub.A has a very high spectral purity, since all interfering spurious signals are blocked by the tracking filter. By a proper selection of the reference frequencies f.sub.RG1, f.sub.RG2 and f.sub.OR, it is ensured that all interfering spurious signals lie outside the bandwidth B.sub.TF of the tracking filter and are accordingly blocked. As a result, it is not necessary to filter the signals S.sub.RG1, S.sub.RG2 and S.sub.OS.

Abstract: A phase measurement system which measures the phase shift between two signals by dithering a clock signal and averaging a plurality of measurements of the phase differences between the two signals.

Abstract: An optical amplifier comprising a substrate of a semiconductor material having a pair of opposed surfaces and a body of semiconductor material on one of the surfaces. The body includes a pair of clad layers of opposite conductivity types having an intermediate quantum wall region therebetween. The clad layers are of a semiconductor material which form a heterojunction with the material of the quantum well region. The clad layers and quantum well region forms a waveguide which extends along the body. A gain section is in the body along the waveguide. The gain section includes a capping layer over the outermost clad layer, a contact on the capping layer and a contact on the other surface of the substrate to allow a voltage to be applied across the gain section. The gain section is adapted to generate light in the active region when a voltage is applied thereacross. A light input section having a grating extending across the body is at one end of the gain section.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for amplification of an electrical signal whose frequency may range from zero to 300 MHz, and whose voltage level may range from 0.5 volt to 0.5 volt, with intermittent resetting of the zero voltage level provided for. One or two incoming signals are divided into low frequency and high frequency components, and amplification of each of these components is optimized by passage of the component through a separate amplification circuit. Input signals to the high and low frequency amplification circuits are intermittently chopped to allow resetting of the zero voltage levels of the amplifier.

Abstract: A push-pull amplifier circuit includes an NPN pullup transistor and an pulldown transistor, an emitter of the pullup transistor being coupled to a collector of the pulldown transistor. A first resistor is coupled between an output conductor and the emitter of the pullup transistor, and a second resistor is coupled between an emitter of the pulldown transistor and a supply voltage. A bias circuit includes a phase splitting transistor having an emitter coupled to a constant bias current source and a base of the pullup transistor, a collector coupled to a base of the pulldown transistor, and a control electrode coupled to an input signal. The phase splitting transistor steers a portion of the bias current into a first conductor connected to the base of the pullup transistor and a portion of the bias current into a second conductor connected to the base of the pulldown transistor in response to an input signal applied to the control electrode of the phase splitting transistor.

Abstract: A method for eliminating subharmonic false locking in a sampler and frequency multiplier phase-locked-loop source locking system comprising the modification of a prior known algorithm for determining the frequency of the first local oscillator used for controlling the sampling of the output of a source voltage controlled oscillator. The frequency of the first local oscillator is determined using prior algorithms for determining the lowest usable harmonic number H and the highest usable first oscillator frequency which will maximize sampler efficiency and minimize local oscillator phase noise due to frequency multiplication. Thereater, the harmonic number H as thus determined is modified depending upon whether when divided by a multiplication factor M, where M is the factor by which the frequency of the VCO is multiplied, the remainder thereof is equal to 1/M, 2/M or zero. If the remainder of the division step is zero, then H is increased by one.

Abstract: Flicker (1/f) noise is suppressed in an oscillator by reducing oscillator voltage-frequency pushing to zero. A varactor (56) is incorporated in the resonator circuit and is biased with a tuning voltage setting the varactor to a capacitance value providing the zero oscillator pushing at a given frequency. A common bias connection (62) is provided between the varactor and the active element (64) such that a random perturbation voltage change across the active element also causes a change in voltage across the varactor, to compensate a change in oscillator frequency otherwise caused thereby. The varactor capacitance versus voltage characteristic is shaped such that a change in active element voltage provides a change in varactor voltage, and the combination of these voltage changes results in a zero change in oscillator frequency. The tuning slope of the oscillator provided by the varactor is opposite the tuning slope of the oscillator resulting from a change in active element voltage.

Abstract: A tunable bandpass filter for radio frequency energy with a phase-locked loop for tracking an input signal and to control the filter to keep the center frequency of the passband coincident with the frequency of the input signal is shown. Using a Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) filter as a frequency determining element and as a passive dispersive reference element for a frequency discriminator, the bandpass filter uses the output signal of the discriminator to form a fine tuning signal to control the center frequency of the passband of the YIG filter.

Abstract: A variable phase shifter and amplitude weighting (VPSAW) device capable of selectively varying the phase and amplitude of an incoming RF signal (RF.sub.IN) in such a manner as to produce an output RF signal (RF.sub.OUT) having a selected phase and amplitude, by means of splitting the RF.sub.IN signal into first and second signal components, selectively shifting the phase of each of these two components, and then combining the thusly selectively phase-shifted first and second signal components. In the presently contemplated best mode of the present invention, the VPSAW device includes digitally-implemented componentry, e.g., microprocessor-controlled direct, digital synthesizers, for generating first and second control signals, e.g., selectively phase-shifted sinusoidal signals, indicative of first and second phase shift increments, .phi..sub.a and .phi..sub.b, respectively, to be imparted to the first and second signal components, respectively.

Abstract: A filter is provided with a capacitive element 6 arranged in shunt across the input, two series-arranged inductive branches 3 and 4 between which a shunting inductive branch 5 is arranged and a capacitive element 7 arranged in shunt across the output. One of the two series-arranged branches includes, in series from the central point 30, a first inductance 3A and a second inductance 3B connected at a point 31 and a capacitor 8 is added in the branch. The shunting branch includes two inductances 5A and 5B which are arranged in series and are interconnected at a point 32. Two diodes, used as switches S1 and S2, one of which is blocked when the other is conducting, are arranged, one between the point 31 and the extermity of series-arranged inductive branch arranged opposite the central point, and the other between the same point 31 and the point 32.

Abstract: A splice block for use with a condition responsive security switch is provided. The splice block is generally cylindrical and mounted to the end of the switch with terminals unitarily extending therebetween. The splice block includes a base and a cover which is mountable in alternate first and second positions on the base. The first position permits wires to be inserted into the splice block. Movement of the cover into the second position terminates the wires to terminals in the splice block.

Abstract: An improved bar magnet and method of construction, and an improved magnetic core comprising an assembly of such magnets, for use in a processing station of an electrostatographic printing machine. The improved bar magnet is formed of permanent magnet material having magnetic domains therein that are magnetized along epicycloidal curve segments. The external magnetic flux density is improved over that of a conventionally-magnetized magnet. An injection mold for inducing the particular epicycloidal alignment of magnetic domains in the improved bar magnet is provided.

Abstract: An electrical resistance device includes a conductive metal pattern carried on an insulating surface. A portion of the conductive metal pattern includes a two-dimensional array of areas devoid of conductive material ("voids") within a mesh of conductive material. Typically, the voids are hexagonal and are arranged such that the adjacent edges of adjacent hexagons are parallel to each other and spaced apart a distance not more than about 0.10 in. The hexagonal voids typically are arranged so that the centers of sets of three adjacent voids lie on the corners of equilateral triangles.

Abstract: A warning device that is removably affixed to overhead loads which are moved by an overhead crane. The warning device has a rotating beacon light and a horn, both activated by a switch and powered by internal batteries. The device is attached to steel loads with magnets or to non-metallic loads with straps and is activated whenever the load is raised and in motion. The device is removed from the when the load arrives at its destination load and is then stored by attaching the device to the crane hook with a safety cable.

Abstract: A self-monitoring system for an automotive electronc control system such as an engine control system, an electronic anti-skid control system or electronic automatic transmission control system is adapted to check each segment of the electronic control system in order to detect faulty segments. To detect faulty segments, the self-monitor system checks inputs and outputs of the electronic control system. The checked data is stored in a memory which is not erased when the power supply is turned off. The self-monitoring system is associated with another automotive microcomputer which includes a display unit. The other automotive microcomputer is adapted to display the results of the checking operation of the self-monitoring system in response to a display request manually inputted from a manual unit to display identification of the fault segment and/or error condition thereof.

Abstract: The foregoing and additional objects are obtained by the oil measuring system according to the present invention. A first oil level measuring device is in fluid communication with the oil pan and generates a first signal indicative of the oil level within the first measuring device. A second oil level measuring device is also in fluid communication with the oil pan and generates a second signal indication of the oil level with the second measuring device. An imaginary line passes from the second measuring device, through the middle of the oil pan, and to the first measuring device. Also provided is a means for indicating the oil level in the oil pan in response to the first and second signals. Accordingly, the oil level may be checked without using a standard dipstick. Further, the present system is effective regardless of the tilt of the engine.

Abstract: An article surveillance marker includes a marker body having two sections connected together by a resilient hinge. A securing pin holds the body sections together in a closed position and secures the marker to an article to be protected. Two ferromagnetic ribbons are housed within separate cavities in the marker body. The first ribbon is free to mechanically vibrate and produce a first signal in response to an applied interrogation field that indicates the conveyance of the protected article from an authorized area. A contact button on the marker body damps and deactivates the second ribbon when the marker body sections are closed and the marker is secured to the article. Specifically, the contact button extends through an aperture in the marker body that communicates with the cavity containing the second marker ribbon. When the marker is closed, the button engages the second ribbon and prevents mechanical vibration and, therefore, the production of a second response signal.

Abstract: Intrusion detection apparatus for detecting the intrusion within a predetermined area utilizes two detectors, a microwave detector and an infrared detector for providing an ouptut signal indicative of intrusion when both detectors detect an intrusion. The system is controlled by a key pad having a predetermined code for both enabling and disabling the system. Different types of outputs may be provided, depending on the desires of the users of the apparatus.

Abstract: A detector unit for use in detecting unauthorized intrusion into homes, offices, factories and other buildings is described. The detector unit comprises a detector such as a passive infrared detector and a radio frequency transmitter that is connected to the detector and that transmits a detector signal when the detector is actuated, and battery means. Two batteries power the detector and the transmitter. A power control means is arranged so that when the power of the said first battery drops below a certain minimum the second battery is connected to the detector and the transmitter. A warning is given at the main control unit that the second battery is being used so that the user can now replace both batteries.

Abstract: A sensor electrode is capacitively coupled to the environment. Electric charges carried by surrounding objects induce corresponding electric charges on the sensor electrode. A high input impedance circuit senses change in charge on the electrode and provides a first varying signal indicative of that change. A second circuit compares the first signal against a threshold level and provides a second signal indicative of the movement. A pair of sensors may be included to cancel out extraneous environmental chasrges. Difference between charges on each sensor electrode of the pair is compared in a circuit which provides signal indicative of the difference. The varying signal is compared against a threshold to provide a signal indicative of the movement.

Abstract: The smoke detector of the present invention is designed to warn hearing impaired persons of fire or smoke. A small, attractive, and inexpensive wall or ceiling mounted unit houses a dual chamber ionization detector, piezoelectric alarm horn, and a high intensity xenon strobe unit producing approximately 130 candela. In one embodiment, it is powered only from standard 120 volt AC power, although an internal battery standby version and low voltage D.C. version are alternative embodiments. The unit is furnished with a surface mount housing. It can easily be moved from room to room as required and it is intended to be easily hung on the wall about a foot from the ceiling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling an electronic display using a keyboard to allow designation of desired regions on the display or in the memory of the system. A method of designating desired regions on the display under control of a keyboard which has at least one designation key includes the steps of positioning a cursor at a first location in fixed relationship to the desired region, activating a first designation key, and supplying through the keyboard signals to indicate a second location in fixed relationship to the selected region to cause a portion of the selected region between the first location and the desired location to be designated.

Abstract: A large area retractable display screen for displaying video and/or color graphic images through the use of phosphorescent triad arrays being selectively activated by a limiting electric field controlled thereacross by an active matrix of fault-tolerant transistors and multiplexed front electrodes produced and supported on a flexible substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display provides a high quality color image and efficient energy utilization. A layer of liquid crystal material is controlled by a transparent electrode matrix. A matrix of (primary color emitting) phosphors, each in alignment with a transparent electrode, is fixed to a surface of a fiber optic plate. A source of fluorescent energy excites the phosphors. A filter located behind the fiber optic plate reflects visible light, both ambient and that emitted from the phosphors. The fiber optic late acts as a relay lens and prevents cross pixel color contamination while the generation of backlight by the phosphor conversion of fluorescent to visible energy is a highly efficient process.

Abstract: A technique using a 2-dimensional input controller such as a mouse, a 2-D trackball, a joystick, a touch screen, a touch tablet or a digitizer for rotating an object displayed by a computer controlled video display system in 3-dimensional representation. A user visible reference circle is provided, and a pointer associated with the 2-D input controller is moved by the user relative to the reference circle in a control movement mode. Movement of the pointer within the reference circle produces rotation of the displayed object about arbitrary axes in 3-dimensional space, while movement of the pointer on or outside the reference circle produces rotation about a 3-dimensional axis that is oriented toward the viewer.

Abstract: In a system for controlling a vehicle by exchanging signals between an electronic controller for controlling a vehicle transmission and another electronic controller for controlling a vehicle engine, the transmission controller incorporates a monitor circuit which receives, via an interface circuit of the engine controller, a signal output from the transmission controller through a communication circuit, and which is capable of detecting abnormalities of the interface circuit of the engine controller. If an abnormality of the interface circuit of the engine controller takes place such that the engine torque cannot be reduced although the transmission controller issues an instruction to reduce the engine torque, the transmission controller maintains the line pressure instead of reducing the same to cope with such a situation, thus effecting fail-safe control.

Abstract: A device for indicating prices, article numbers or similar information on the edges of the shelves in department stores or storing premises. The device comprises a number of displays which shall be mounted to the shelves, and each display is connected to a separate electronic control unit and forms together with said unit an operative unit having its own power source. This operative unit is directly or indirectly connected to external control apparatus.

Abstract: An electronic locking system comprises a conventional mechanical lock and a key associated therewith, said key having a built-in code transmitter and receiver, preferably an infrared sensitive photo-detector which cooperates with the code transmitter. The receiver is connected to an electronic control unit which is arranged to register a coded signal emitted from the key and transmitted to the receiver. When the signal is acceptable the electronic control unit is activated. The electronic control unit is provided with a memory element contains no information on any coded signal. After transmission of the coded signal of the associated key the coded signal is stored permanently in the memory element whereafter the electronic control unit will accept only precisely this coded signal in order to be activated.