Abstract: The collector in a linear-beam electron tube is insulated from its heat sink so that it can be operated at a depressed potential. The insulation comprises two bands of dielectric sequentially in contact between the collector and heat sink. The intervening space is sealed off and preferably filled with a dielectric fluid to improve heat transfer and inhibit voltage breakdown. Gaps in one band are preferably aligned with solid parts of the other to reduce electric leakage.

Abstract: A vapor and ion source includes, in a low pressure chamber, an anode (M), a cathode (K) and a device (A) for applying a magnetic field (B). The cathode (K) is an equipotential cavity (10) provided with an aperture (11) in a front plate. A magnetic field (B) orthogonal to the front plate is applied thereto. The material to be ionized (15) is arranged inside the cavity.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes a lamp filament (1) as a load and a resistor (2) in series with the filament. For detecting the current through the load, the source of a MOSFET (6) is connected with the end of the resistor remote from the filament, the drain of the MOSFET being connected with the other end of the resistor via the primary winding of a step-up transformer (7) and a further resistor (8), a diode (9) being connected between the source and the drain of the MOSFET. If the MOSFET is turned on by an appropriate voltage at an input (11) connected to its gate, the voltage across the secondary winding of the transformer is substantially proportional to the value of the current through the filament.

Abstract: An image forming device having an electron beam generating device is provided which comprises a plural number of electron beam generating sections and a deflecting means capable of deflecting the group of electron beams emitted from this electron beam generating device in the two directions of X and Y.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for A.C. operation of high-pressure gas discharge lamps comprising a mains alternating voltage source and a high-frequency oscillator (3) supplied with direct current and which produces a high-frequency current through the lamp superimposed on the mains alternating lamp current. The oscillator comprises a high-frequency transformer (7) and a transistor (11) connected in series with the transformer primary (8). The transistor can be periodically switched on an off. A secondary (9) of the transformer is connected in series with the lamp. Losses are reduced if the ratio between the switching-on and switching-off time (duty cycle) of the transistor (11) is chosen so small that the effective value of the high-frequency current coupled into the lamp lies between 0.05 and 5% of the mains alternating lamp current. An auxiliary device (16 to 19, 25) interrupts the periodic switching of the transistor (11) outside the proximity of the zero passages of the mains alternating lamp current.

Abstract: A torque coupling system includes an impeller that is connected to one end of an impeller shaft without the use of threads. The connection is made by cement and dowels. A drive system for the shaft includes a hollow coupling into which the other end of the shaft can be fitted. The shaft includes longitudinally extending slots formed at its end. The coupling includes spaced, longitudinally extending keys adapted to be fitted into the slots formed in the shaft. The drive system also includes a torque limiter that is conected intermediate the coupling and a drive motor. If the drive motor is an electric motor, the motor can be provided with automatic shut-down circuitry that is activated in the event of a current/torque overload. Visual and aural alarms are provided to alert the user that a shut-down has occurred.

Abstract: A servo control apparatus comprising: a unit for generating a required position value; an actuator adapted to drive a load and having its maximum displacement in one direction and its minimum displacement in the other direction; a drive unit for driving the actuator; a position detecting unit for detecting a displacement of the actuator; and a control unit for correcting the required position value on basis of the maximum and minimum displacements of the actuator and for computing a deviation between an output of the position detecting unit and the corrected required position value; the load being controlled by the deviation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synchronous control system for effecting a synchronous and superimposed operation among different channels of a multi-channel-control machine tool. A follow-up error amount (.epsilon.3) of a servomotor responsive to a superimposing instruction is simulated, a difference is determined by subtracting the follow-up error amount (.epsilon.3) to the superimposing instruction from a follow-up error amount (.epsilon.2) of a servomotor for a superimposed operation axis (Z2) and the difference is compared with a follow-up error amount (.epsilon.1) of a servomotor for a synchronous operation axis (Z1) to produce an alarm when the comparison indicates the operation of the servomotors is synchronized and superimposed.With this arrangement, a synchronous error can be checked when a superimposed operation of the servomotors is effected.

Abstract: This electrical resolver has an arcuate stator with a concave inner side concentric to a convex side of an angularly rotatable arcuate rotor limited to rotation within outer ends of the stator. The stator and rotor have arcuate magnetic cores with transverse slots in which are embedded windings made of insulated wire. Rotation of the rotor causes changes in voltages induced in the stator windings corresponding to the extent of angular position of the rotor. The stator windings include trimming coils which generate bucking voltages to reduce errors in determining angular position of the rotor. In an operating range of .+-.10.degree. from a centered position, magnitudes of rotor position can be determined with an accuracy of 5-10 arc seconds maximum, with a considerable savings in space, weight, cost, simplified installation, and increased stability over the operating temperature range.

Abstract: A solar cell power system includes a device which determines the occurrence of solar array bus lockup by detecting the voltage of the power bus, the discharge current of the storage battery, and the solar array current (or the load current) and performing a calculation using these items of data in addition to the regulated bus voltage to emit a lockup signal, by which the magnitude of the load is reduced, thereby cancelling the lockup state. Alternatively, a solar cell system may include a lockup cancelling drive device, which accumulates in a coil cancelling-drive, energy supplied from the storage battery and then discharges this energy to the power bus, thereby cancelling the lockup stage without reducing the magnitude of the load.

Abstract: A circuit (2) for use with an automotive voltage regulator (16), having: an input node (4) for receiving an input voltage (V.sub.BAT); an output node (12) for producing a regulated output voltage (V.sub.REG); a control node (18) for receiving a control signal from the voltage regulator; a first transistor (10) having its emitter connected via a protection diode (6) to the input node, its collector connected to the output node, and its base connected to the control node; an electrolytic input capacitor (8) connected between the first transistor emitter and ground; an electrolytic output capacitor (14) connected between the output node and ground; and a second transistor (32) having its emitter connected to the input node, its collector coupled to the output node, and its base for coupling to the voltage regulator. The second transistor allows the circuit to provide regulation at a lower input voltage, while retaining the protection diode.

Abstract: An operational amplifier drives the gate of a voltage controlled variation resistor having a source terminal coupled in series to a reference voltage through a current sense resistor and a drain terminal coupled in series to a supply voltage via a current regulated component, e.g., a light emitting diode. Voltage across the current sense resistor feeds back to the inverting input of the operational amplifier. The non-inverting input receives a substantially constant voltage corresponding to a target voltage, the voltage at the current sense resistor when the desired current flows therethrough. The operational amplifier varies the resistance of the variation resistor to maintain the target voltage at the current sense resistor and establish the desired current flow.

Abstract: A reconfigurable resource architecture enhances a test system's utilization by allowing product-mix dependent allocation of test system resources. The test system resources can be configured to test several device types with different pin counts simultaneously. The configuration can be changed to accommodate various product mixes based on pin count.

Abstract: A unitary combination actuator and indicator flag for an electronic energy meter. The integral actuator and mode indicator is slidable within the bezel of the meter and in the off position is not visible. Sliding the actuator simultaneously moves a camming surface over an axially moveable switch to connect the meter test mode, and slides a visible "TEST" flag over the digital readout window to indicate that the watthour meter is in the test mode. Positive actuation and positioning members are included for both the off and on positions.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns automatic measuring stands. The automatic measurement of the amplitude of an intermodulation line at the output of a TV transmitter is difficult to achieve because this line is often drowned in a cloud of noise formed by the spectra of lines due to the numerous frequencies of the line frequency. The standard way to make the measurement is to do a visual interpretation. When the measurement is done automatically, this visual interpretation is not possible. The method according to the invention uses the a priori knowledge of the existence of a steady level at the peak of the line to be measured.

Abstract: For fast measurement of radio-frequency interference voltages (also called RFI voltages) within a predetermined frequency range in conformity with rating standards, the maximum and minimum peak voltage levels are measured during tuning of the frequency range; when the maximum peak voltage level exceeds a predetermined limit value,the tuning process is interrupted and a quasi-peak measurement is performed at this instantaneous frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a distribution of a surface potential on a measured object comprises a reading head opposing the measured object. The reading head includes an optical modulator subjected to an electric field representative of the surface potential distribution. The electric field applied to the optical modulator is varied in an alternating manner.

Abstract: An evaluation facilitating circuit is for selectively evaluating each of block of a logical circuit to be checked which is divided into the plurality of blocks. The evaluation facilitating circuit includes a data hold circuit for selectively latching level signals of nodes of each of blocks and a data hold and transfer control circuit for controlling the data hold circuit.

Abstract: At least one pair of areas on a circuit pack or substrate is allocated for the placement of electromagnetic interference (EMI) absorbing material, e.g., split ferrite cores. All or a portion of the conductor paths for the circuit are routed between pairs of the allocated areas. After the circuit pack is developed and tested, if EMI suppression is required, the EMI-absorbing material extends around the conductors passing between the pairs of allocated areas using holes formed through the allocated pairs of areas. Such holes are formed prior to circuit assembly or, alternatively, are formed only as needed after circuit testing. A clip is used to secure the EMI-absorbing material to the circuit pack. Advantageously, the insertion and securement of the EMI-absorbing material does not require any soldering or special manufacturing tools or fixtures. Accordingly, it can be readily provided in any manufacturing process.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring the dynamic characteristics of encapsulating packages for high-speed integrated circuits includes at least two amplifiers integrated on a semiconductor substrate. These amplifiers have the same input and output impedances as those of the high-speed circuit to be encapsulated within the package. The amplifiers are located in widely spaced relation in order to ensure that there is no internal coupling. Depending on the measurements to be performed, the two amplifiers are mounted in parallel or in antiparallel relation. In order to measure the dynamic characteristics of a package, a measuring circuit is mounted within a package and a signal (V.sub.e) is addressed to an input connection of the package. The transmission and coupling coefficients are deduced from measurement of the signal (V.sub.S) collected on an output connection.

Abstract: A device for determining a length of linear movement of an angle of rotation of a machine part, and comprising spaced first and second bodies, a coil arranged on one of the first and second bodies, and a diaphragm connectable to a machine part for joint displacement therewith and arranged between the first and second bodies for movement relative to the one of the first and second bodies, which diaphragm has an area formed in such a manner than an inductive effect and an eddy current effect which result from axial oscillation of the diaphragm, upon flow of an alternating current through the coil, cancel each other with respect to their electrical action on the coil.

Abstract: A circuit and a process for converting the output signal from a half bridge transducer to that from an LVDT transducer to enable direct use of either signal in an electronic column. The circuit subtracts the transducer exciting signal from a half bridge transducer output signal according to a formula to provide the conversion. A movable jumper allows the circuit to alternatively operate as a unity gain follower to pass an LVDT transducer output signal unchanged.

Abstract: A system for helically driving an inspection probe within a tube of a nuclear steam generator is provided, wherein the system is particularly useful in driving a combination eddy-current and ultrasonic probe. The system generally includes a head assembly insertable with the tube for inspection, a drive frame assembly to be located external of the steam generator, and a conduit system connecting the head assembly and drive frame assembly. Particularly, the head assembly includes a portion fixable to the tube by a pressure bladder and a movable portion helically movable with a probe to the fixable portion. The drive motor and electrical pick-up are slidably movable on the drive frame assembly to move linearly with the probe during inspection so as not to limit the stroke of the probe, wherein the drive motor and pick-up are connected with the head assembly by way of two flexible coaxial conduits.

Abstract: Magnetic resonance signals for imaging species having short spin-spin relaxation times (T.sub.2) are obtained without the need for a refocusing lobe. A series of RF excitation pulses are applied to the species with magnetic resonance signals being detected after each RF excitation pulse is applied. The magnetic resonance signals are then combined to provide the imaging signals. In one embodiment, each RF excitation pulse is half of a conventional slice-selective pulse with each pulse being slewed to zero.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance apparatus eddy current effects are compensated by measurement of the eddy current behaviour in a comparatively large measurement object on the basis of resonance signals generated therein, for example briefly after de-activation of a gradient field control signal. From these measurements a series of exponentially decreasing signals is calculated. These correction signals are generated by appropriate switching circuits which are preferably adjustable as regards decay time and amplitude. The correction can be performed for the gradient field symmetry corresponding to the switched gradient field transition as well as for eddy currents, if any, having a field symmetry which deviates therefrom.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for searching a subsurface environment to detect he presence of a target therein, an electromagnetic field is emitted which comprises successive electromagnetic pulses of selected duty cycle, the time interval between pulses comprising a zero emission interval and a sampling interval, the sampling interval following the zero emission interval, and the polarity of the pulses of the emitted field alternating at a selected alternating frequency. The emitted field is projected into the environment from a selected location, and the electromagnetic field proximate to the selected location is sampled during each of the sampling intervals to provide a train of proximate field samples. The train of proximate field samples is spectrum analyzed to determine whether or not the field proximate to the selected location contains a component having a frequency which is equal to the alternating frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a precise, continuous, and dynamic measurement of the electrical resistivity of a liquid medium. A dynamic measurement cell is provided with at least one conduit of electrically insulating material in which a conductive electrode slides with a motion of given amplitude. The lower portion of the conduit is calibrated over a length equal to at least the given amplitude, and has a known cross-section. The cell is immersed in a crucible containing the liquid medium for test at constant temperature to monitor various electric parameters. The monitoring system provides devices for controlling, adjusting, and measuring the amplitude and speed of the displacement of the electrode; measuring and adjusting the depth of immersion of the electrodes; and, measuring the variation, in ohmic resistance, of the cell as a function of the displacement of the electrodes. The conductivity is determined by an equation proportional to the ratio of the change in amplitude to the change in resistance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the electrical conductivity of a liquid comprises an electrically insulating housing through which the liquid flows, and four electrodes inserted into the path of the liquid flowing through the housing. The first and third electrodes are current electrodes and the second and fourth electrodes are voltage electrodes. An AC current is injected into the first current electrode and exits at the second current electrode, with the resulting AC voltage across the voltage electrodes being measured. The first current electrode is driven to maintain a constant value of AC voltage on the voltage electrodes while measuring the current flow in the second current electrode which is representative of the electrical conductivity of the liquid. A DC bias voltage source is provided and is coupled to each of the electrodes by a resistor and a capacitor to prevent coating or plating of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method for measurement of transmission characteristics consists of supplying a test pulse to an object under test and measuring the pulse at the output of the object under test with the assistance of Fourier analysis. The test pulse is made up of a plurality of components which are equally spaced apart in frequency, and the initial phase values of each of the components are chosen so as to reduce loading of the object under test to an acceptable level both at the input of the test object and its output. Evaluation of the test pulse at the output of the object under test yields attentuation and phase shift characteristics for each component frequency. Initial phase angles for the components of the test pulse are determined by taking into consideration the likely distortion in the test object in such a manner that a minimum crest factor is attained both in the tranmitted pulse and in the pulse received at the output of the test object.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring conditions in a fluid medium. A stream of the fluid medium is flowed through a fluid container which is electrically configured as a transmission line segment and which is electrically connected to load to UHF or microwave oscillator. The oscillator is not isolated from the load, and is operated free-running, at a starting frequency which is chosen to provide a particularly strong shift in permittivity of the fluid medium, as the chemical reaction progresses. Preferably the frequency and insertion loss of the oscillator are monitored, to gauge the progress of the reaction.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining an overall dimension of an electrically conductive object includes a support surface for receiving the object, an electrically conductive plate movable toward and away from the support surface along a path normal to such surface, the plate having a facing surface which faces the support surface and a voltage source for applying first and second electrical potentials to the object and the plate, respectively, to establish a voltage therebetween. A transducer is provided for developing a distance signal representing the distance between the facing surface and the support surface. A motor moves the plate toward the object while the object is received by the support surface and circuitry is provided for detecting when the voltage between the object and the plate disappears due to contact of the plate with the object whereby the distance signal at such time is representative of the overall dimension.

Abstract: An incremental integrator integrates a signal from a previous time to the present time to obtain an average value for the signal. An input signal is applied to an analog integration circuit which performs a continuous integration of the input signal. A time delay circuit delays the output of the integration circuit for a time period equal to that of a sampling clock. The output of the delay circuit as well as the output of the integration circuit are applied to a differential amplifier. A sampling circuit samples the output of the differential amplifier so as to give a value equal to the integral for a period equal to the delay circuit period at the time the signal was sampled.

Abstract: A power combiner which maintains substantially constant power combining efficiency with variable output power includes a set of unit amplifiers that are coupled by the power combiner. The power combiner includes a first plurality of a quarter wavelength transmission line sections coupled to the output of each unit amplifier. The second end of each one of the first plurality of quarter wavelength transmission line sections are successively coupled by a corresponding second plurality of quarter wavelength transmission line sections, with the succeeding or last one of said unit amplifiers having its quarter wavelength transmission line section coupled to an output terminal. The power combiner permits unit amplifiers in the amplifier module to be switched off in succession as less output power is required while maintaining substantially constant power combining efficiency, and hence substantially constant D.C. to r.f. conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A high-gain, low noise solid-state multiple stage amplifier (12) includes a phase-inverting input stage (20) and a phase non-inverting output stage (30). The input stage includes a first transistor (Q.sub.1) having a current-dependent transconductance value. The first transistor is operatively connected to a load resistor (R.sub.L1) through which a load current (I.sub.1) flows. An amplified phase-inverted version of a time-varying signal applied to the input (V.sub.i) is developed across the load resistor. The value of the load resistor together with the transconductance value affects the voltage gain of the input stage. A resistor (R.sub.2) provides a supplemental bias current (I.sub.2) to a current summing node (A). The current summing node sums the load current and the supplemental bias current and provides the first transistor with a total current (I.sub.d) that affects the transconductance value.

Abstract: Metal detection apparatus comprises an oscillator circuit including an inductive detection coil and a detector for rectifying the output of the oscillator circuit synchronously with the frequency of oscillation. A comparison circuit compares the rectified output of the oscillator circuit with a reference signal and generates an output signal having a value related to the amplitude of the oscillator output. A feedback circuit generates a positive feedback signal and applies it to the oscillator circuit to maintain its oscillation at a predetermined amplitude under quiescent conditions. The circuit is largely immune to electromagnetic interference and temperature sensitive effects.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator (1) consists of a piezoelectric reed (2) encased in a housing composed of a cap (7) and a base (8). The resonator (1) is placed in a thermostatically controlled containment (10). The thermostatically controlled containment (10) consists of an inner cell (40) which is screwed into an outer cell (30). These cells (30, 40) each possess sides (34, 44) and a bottom (35, 45). A thermal seal (16) is inserted between the bottom (35) of the outer cell (30) and the bottom (45) of the inner cell (40). The cap (7) of the resonator is soldered over its entire outer surface to the sides (44) and to the bottom (45) of the inner cell (40). The thermostatically controlled containment (10) is placed in a secondary containment (21). A narrow space (22) separates the two containments (10, 21), and the surface of the contact between the two containments is as small as possible. The invention is used for ultrastable on-board oscillators.

Abstract: A Colpitts oscillator has an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes a transistor having an equivalent large size, a bypass capacitor connected between a collector of the transistor and a ground, a first feedback capacitor connected between a base and an emitter of the transistor, a second feedback capacitor connected between the emitter of the transistor and the ground, and an emitter follower connected to the emitter of the transistor. In a package, a stray reactance and a bonding wire are designed so as to agree with an element value and a Q value which can be used as parts of a resonator. A surface elastic wave resonator disposed outside the integrated circuit is connected between the base of the transistor and the ground. The oscillator is voltage controlled by a variable capacitance diode connected in series with the resonator.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit incorporated in a semiconductor integrated circuit and comprising an oscillation input terminal, an oscillator output terminal, an inverting logic circuit, and a transmission gate. The terminals and are connected to an external oscillator. The inverting logic circuit comprises an N-type MOS transistor and a P-type MOS transistor. The input and output terminals of the logic circuit are connected to the oscilllation input and output terminals, respectively. The transmission gate comprises an N-type MOS transistor and a P-type MOS transistor. Either MOS transistors has a source electrode and a drain electrode, one of which is connected to said oscillation input terminal, and the other of which is said oscillation output terminal. The gate-insulating film at least one of said MOS transistors incorporatedin the transmission gate is thicker than those of other MOS transistors formed on the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A temperature controlled crystal oscillator circuit comprising an amplifier (12) having a feedback path including a crystal (26) and a frequency pulling element (28), and a temperature compensating voltage generating circuit (30) coupled to the frequency pulling element (28). The voltage generating circuit (30) produces a voltage, V.sub.comp, generated in accordance with the following function:V.sub.comp =b*exp[a1(T-T.sub.R)]+b*exp[-a2*(T-T.sub.R)]+c*(T-T.sub.R)whereT.sub.R is a reference temperature in degrees KelvinT is the working temperature in degrees Kelvina1, a2, b and c are constants.

Abstract: A multilayer planar transmission line (10) can be fabricated as a monolithic structure with series/shunt-connected components for integration in an MMIC device. The multilayer planar transmission line (10) includes a first transmission line structure (TL1) formed by a top conductor (14) and an interlevel conductor (16) separated by an interlevel dielectric (18). This structure is formed on one planar surface of a substrate (12), and a ground plane reference (20) is formed on the opposing surface, yielding second and third transmission line structures (TL2, TL3) formed by the groundplane reference and, respectively, the interlevel conductor (16) and the top conductor (14). The interlevel dielectric layer (18) is significantly thinner than the substrate dielectric, so that the first transmission line (TL1) is tightly coupled, and substantially unaffected by parasitics between the bottom of the interlevel conductor (16) and the groundplane reference (20).

Abstract: A compact, high efficiency, highpass, broadband microwave power divider is provided which has an even mode characteristic impedance and an odd mode characteristic impedance which are tapered to equal the characteristic impedance of the output load. The broadband power divider 10 of the present invention includes an input section 1 of conductive material; N tapered sections of conductive material 6, 7, 8 and 9, where N is greater than or equal to 2, extending from and integral with the input section 1; and N output sections of conductive material 2, 3, 4 and 5 each output section extending from and integral with a respective one of the tapered sections 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Abstract: A transversal filter comprising: a series connection of M+L delay cells (12) defining M+L+1 signal samples; M+L+1 branches each having a midpoint connected to receive a respective one of said signal samples and first and second multipliers (10, 11) for multiplying its signal sample by respective first and second coefficients; and first and second summing circuits (13, 14) respectively connected to sum the outputs from said first multipliers (10) and from said second multipliers (11), wherein a wideband phase shifter (17) is associated in series with each delay cell (12), said phase shifter providing a phase shift .delta..phi. such that .delta..phi.=.OMEGA..sub.0 T (modulo 2.pi.) where .OMEGA..sub.0 is the angular frequency of the intermediate carrier and T represents the duration of the delay due to a delay cell (12).

Abstract: A microstripline interdigital planar filter has a number of microstripline coupled resonators in an inhomogeneous medium consisting a soft dielectric substrate, and a high dielectric constant, high Q ceramic superstrate. The resonators are printed on the soft substrate as thick copper strips. The rectangular shaped, silver-coated aluminum housing dimensions are chosen so as to give the highest available unloaded Q factor of the resonators. The high dielectric constant of the superstrate is chosen so as to give a very small resonator length resulting in a very small filter size. The input and the output ports are located at right tapping points on the two outermost resonators. The tapping points are chosen so as to match the loaded Q factor of the filter. Previous filters are physically larger and cannot achieve the same high level of performance characteristics as filters of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a circuit breaker having an open-and-close shaft; holding member coupled to the open-and-close shaft; at least one movable contactor coupled to the holding member; support member for rotatably supporting the open-and-close shaft; and stopper member coupled with the support member so as to restrict an open-and-separation position of the movable contactor, wherein the circuit breaker is disposed within a case, the stopper member are formed on side faces of between-phase partitions of the case and a portion of the holding member contacts the stopper member. Thereby, it is possible to improve an insulation function and to lessen the impact between the holding member and the stopper member.

Abstract: Each of first and second contact blocks includes a substantially rectangular insulating member, a pair of stationary contact members projecting inward from the insulating member and supported with a predetermined interval therebetween, a movable contact member arranged between the pair of stationary contact members and supported by the insulating member, and first, second, and third terminals for electrically extracting the pair of stationary contact members and the movable contact member, respectively, and projecting from a base portion of the insulating member with predetermined intervals therebetween. An electromagnet includes a movable member for commonly acting on the movable contact members of the first and second contact blocks to move each movable contact member toward one of the pair of stationary contact members of each of the first and second contact blocks.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay, comprising: a electromagnet consisting of an iron core and a solenoid wound thereon; a yoke extending in parallel with the electromagnet and attached to one end of the iron core; an armature pivotally attached to a part of the yoke adjacent to another end of the iron core at its base end; a fixed contact unit provided adjacent to the electromagnet; an pivotally supported moveable contact carrier; an extension arm extending from the armature and having a free end adapted to abut an actuation point of the moveable contact carrier located between its pivoted point and a moveable contact piece carried thereby; the moveable contact piece being adapted to cooperate with a fixed contact member provided in the fixed contact unit.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator suitable for use in combination with the mechanisms of cameras and the like. The electromagnetic actuator has a single electromagnet, and first and second armatures disposed opposite to the opposite attracting surfaces of the electromagnet, respectively. The first armature actuates a first operating lever for operating the shutter release mechanism of a camera, and the second armature actuates a second operating lever for operating the diaphragm of the camera. The first armature is separated from the attracting surface and the second armature is in contact with the attracting surface while the electromagnet is not energized. When the electromagnet is energized, the first armature is attracted to the attracting surface to actuate the first operating lever for releasing the shutter.

Abstract: The apparatus is used to make a magnet with a plurality of magnetic pole pairs. One or more pole pairs is formed by the apparatus as an initial step. Thereafter, additional pole pairs are formed by moving the apparatus with respect to the body to be magnetized or moving the body to be magnetized with respect to the apparatus. The apparatus is constructed so that previously magnetized portions of the magnetizable body are not demagnetized or significantly altered by the magnetization of adjacent parts of the magnetizable body.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a transformer of the ferrite closed magnetic circuit type, with a gap.The gap is filled with a mastic such as the polysulphide or polyurethane mastics having a Shore hardness with constant behaviour as a function of temperature.

Abstract: An oven control for self-cleaning ovens provides a hydraulic sensing system having a wafer-like bellows. The position of the bellows is adjusted by a face cam on a control shaft in the BAKE and BROIL modes of operation. The bellows also controls the temperature of the oven for SELF-CLEANING. However, the face cam does not determine the SELF-CLEANING temperature. A door lock operator switch is also operated by the bellows, but is connected so that the adjusted position of the bellows does not affect the door lock operating temperature. Three separate calibration adjustments are provided. The first calibrates the operating temperature in the BAKE and BROIL modes of operation. The second calibrates the SELF-CLEANING temperature, and the third calibrates the door lock operating temperature. A bimetal ambient temperature compensator is provided to compensate for variations in the ambient temperature of the control.