Abstract: An engine shroud with integral honeycomb panel corners for use in the thrust reverser region of ducted fan gas turbine engines. The integral shroud is useful in a turbine engine having a core engine surrounded by an engine casing and nacelle, with a fan at the inlet directing air flow into the bypass duct between core engine and engine nacelle. The shroud basically consists of right and left ducts each having an approximately semicircular cross-section with radial flanges extending from the duct edges. The flanges permit the halves to be fastened together to produce a tubular shroud adapted to surround a gas turbine engine and form the inner wall of a bypass duct. The disclosed shroud eliminates the prior complex corner fittings connecting the semicircular center portion of the shroud to the extending flanges and provides simple, integral corners.

Abstract: An engine for application to the propulsion of aerospace vehicles (terrestrial or orbital) capable of operating in two propulsive modes. The first mode employs liquid hydrogen to pre-cool the intake air of a turbo-compressor in order to deliver it at high pressure to a rocket type combustor/nozzle assembly. In this mode the external atmosphere is the source of oxidizer for the fuel. At a high Mach number in the hypersonic regime the engine changes to the second mode which is a conventional high performance rocket engine using liquid oxygen carried on the vehicle to oxidize the liquid hydrogen fuel. Both modes of propulsion use common hardware, namely the liquid hydrogen pump and the combustor nozzle assembly.

Abstract: There is disclosed in combination with a solid fuel-propellant grain 24 having an axially extending aperture 26, particularly of a hybrid rocket motor, an oxidizer inlet 20 at one end and a combustion gas outlet 22 at the other end, a tubular oxidizer injector 32 disposed in the inlet and extending axially in the grain aperture. The tubular injector comprises a tube 34 containing a plurality of oxidizer injection orifices 38 in the outer circumference of the tube to discharge fluid streams of oxidizer into the fuel grain aperture for combustion of the fuel grain. Additional oxidizer orifices, e.g. in the form of shower head orifices 44, are disposed in the downstream end of the tube.

Abstract: A hinge for pivotably connecting upstream and downstream wall sections of an exhaust nozzle of a gas turbine engine. Each wall section includes a liner spaced from the interior surface of the wall section to define respective first and second cooling air flow passages therebetween. One of the wall sections includes a curved end portion and the hinge includes a leaf seal which extends from the other wall section and biases against the curved end portion to form an air tight seal and define, at least in part, a plenum at the hinged connection of the wall sections. The plenum provides an air flow communication path between the first and second cooling air flow passages to transfer cooling air from the air flow passage of the upstream wall section to the air flow passage of the downstream wall section to thereby increase the efficiency of cooling of each of the wall sections.

Abstract: In an apparatus for controlling an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine, a main air-fuel ratio sensor having an element temperature strongly affected by the temperature thereof, a sub air-fuel ration sensor having an element temperature weakly affected by the temperature thereof, and a heater associated with the main air-fuel ratio sensor are provided. The resistance value or electric power of the heater is controlled in accordance with the output of the sub air-fuel ratio sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a two stroke internal combustion engine comprising first, second, third, and fourth cylinders which fire in a predetermined sequence and which include respective first, second, third, and fourth exhaust ports which open and close in response to piston movement, and an exhaust gas discharge system communicating with the exhaust ports, including a duct portion, and being operable, in response to opening of one of the exhaust ports, to afford passage of exhaust gas from the one exhaust port to the exhaust gas discharge system so as to provide an outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave which travels in the duct portion and which arrives at the exhaust port of the previously fired cylinder prior to closure of the exhaust port of the previously fired cylinder and to provide a returning negative acoustical pressure wave which travels in the duct portion after substantial completion of the travel of the outgoing positive acoustical pressure wave in the duct portion and which arrives at the one

Abstract: An oil hydraulic circuit for a hydraulic shovel with which a composite operation can be performed readily and smoothly without special skill in operation of the hydraulic shovel. The oil hydraulic circuit comprises a first actuator which can operate with pressure oil from a predetermined one or both of a pair of hydraulic directional control valve sets, a second actuator which operates only with pressure oil from the other hydraulic directional control valve set, a proportional changing over device interposed intermediately in a pipe line communicating the other hydraulic directional control valve set with a first actuator for adjusting the maximum meter-in opening value to the first actuator in response to a magnitude of a signal received at a signal receiving portion of the proportional changing over device, and a controller for arbitrarily adjusting the signal to be supplied to the signal receiving portion of the proportional changing over device.

Abstract: An energy regenerative circuit in a hydraulic apparatus wherein when a direction control valve is at the actuator unloaded-side chamber acting position, the discharge fluid line of a variable displacement pump is connected to a fluid tank via the direction control valve, by-pass fluid line change-over valve and by-pass fluid line that has a signal orifice. The by-pass fluid line is connected to a capacity control mechanism of the variable displacement pump via a signal fluid line on the upstream side of the signal orifice. The loaded-side chamber of the actuator is so connected that the pressurized fluid thereof is partly added through the direction control valve to the fluid line through which the pressurized fluid discharged from the variable displacement pump is fed to the loaded-side chamber.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit system comprising a hydraulic-fluid supply source, at least one hydraulic actuator operated by hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic-fluid supply source, a flow control valve for controlling the flow of the hydraulic fluid to be supplied to the actuator and a pressure control element for maintaining the differential pressure across the flow control valve at a predetermined value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a braking valve arrangement for a hydrostatic drive operated in open circuit, in particular for vehicle drives, wherein a hydraulic pressure medium is supplied to the hydraulic motor from the hydraulic pump via a reversing directional control valve as desired through one of two branches each containing a pressure limiting valve and a braking control valve, and the pressure medium is discharged to the tank through the respective other of the two branches. The braking control valve controls the flow of hydraulic medium through the respective branch depending on the pressure in the respective other branch and has parallel with it a non-return valve opening into the hydraulic motor.

Abstract: A master cylinder assembly in which the plastic reservoir has mounting tubes fitting about mounting bosses or into recesses of mounting bosses of a master cylinder body. The tube outer ends have elastic seals integrally formed thereon which engage a wall surface of the mounting bosses in sealing relation. The seals may be lip type or O-ring type seals.

Abstract: Thermal energy radiation is converted into another energy form by setting up a temperature differential between two heat sinks forming part of a conventional converter or heat engine, but the warmer heat sink derives its input energy by collecting optically-focused thermal radiation from a primary heat sink within the converter structure. Heat rejected by the cooler heat sink is recycled to the primary heat sink to enhance the thermal efficiency above the Carnot level set by the base temperature conditions. The power rating of the converter is enchanced by combination with a reverse heat engine which elevates the temperature of heat input to the primary heat sink and so the temperature of the radiating surface.

Abstract: This burner arrangement has a main feed channel (2) for a fuel-air mixture, which channel discharges into a combustion chamber (1). A swirler, which is provided with swirl vanes (5), is penetrated by a burner lance (3), and into which exit openings for the fuel feed discharge, is provided in this main feed channel (2). The aim is to create a burner arrangement in which it is impossible for undesired instances of ignition of the fuel-air mixture to occur outside the combustion chamber (1). This is achieved in that the exit openings are constructed as nozzles (9) which discharge into a region between the swirl vanes (5). In this regard, at least one nozzle is provided between two neighboring swirl vanes (5).

Abstract: Manifold head effects at low fuel flows in a fuel injected air breathing turbine are minimized by utilizing fuel injectors having fuel injecting tubes (66) with open ends (70) for fuel injection and provided with elongated capillary tubes (88) upstream thereof and connected to receive fuel from a fuel manifold (48) while uniform, relatively low velocity fuel exit flow from the ends (70) the injecting tubes (66) is achieved through the use of internal impingement surfaces (96, 102, 106, 110, 124).

Abstract: A refrigeration system includes a refrigerator having a compression portion having a compression cylinder and a compression piston moving slidably in the cylinder, a first heat excahnger, a regenerator and a second heat exchanger. An expansion portion has an expansion cylinder and an expansion piston moving slidably in the cylinder. A drive device drives the compression piston via a first rod and the expansion piston via a second rod. The compression cylinder includes a first large diameter portion where the compression piston is slidably moved and a first small diameter portion where the first rod is slidably moved, and the expansion cylinder includes a second large diameter portion where the expansion piston is slidably moved and a second small diameter portion where the second rod is slidably moved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cryogen delivery apparatus and method for delivering a flowing cryogen with a regulated cooling potential. The apparatus includes a pressure vessel for receiving a liquid form of the cryogen. A liquid-vapor interface is maintained within the pressure vessel so that a gaseous form of the cryogen having a low cooling potential is situated above the liquid-vapor interface and a liquid form of the cryogen having a high cooling potential is situated below the liquid-vapor interface. An outlet conduit is provided for delivering the gas and liquid forms of the cryogen from the pressure vessel. The conduit has a moveable end section located within the pressure vessel. When the moveable end section is oscillated above and below the level of a liquid-vapor interface, a two-phase flow of cryogen is delivered comprising the pure gaseous and liquid forms of the cryogen.

Abstract: A lightweight, portable, unmotorized apparatus for recovering condensable halocarbons is described. The device is comprised of two containers. The first container, which is substantially cryogenic, is adapted to hold refrigerant; this container is comprised of a valve and a refrigerant line. The refrigerant line from the first container is passed in contact with a second container, and the in such line is allowed to vent to an area of relatively low pressure. As the refrigerant is passed to the area of lower pressure, the second container is cooled. The second container is connected to a vessel, which contains the condensable gas to be recovered.

Abstract: A magnetic field generating system comprises a magnetic field generator (1); and a cooling system (4) having at least one thermal shield (6) surrounding the magnetic field generator. The system further comprises a temperature monitor (14, 15) for monitoring the thermal shield temperature; and a heater (13) for selectively heating the thermal shield so as substantially to maintain the monitored temperature substantially constant.

Abstract: A system for controlling the operation of an HVAC system which includes a direct expansion coil, a condenser, a pre-cool coil, and a control system. The control system includes a controller and sensors. The controller receives signals indicative of air flow through the direct expansion coil from the sensors, compares the received signal to a stored air flow rate, and disables the compressor if the stored air flow rate is equal to or greater than the stored value. The controller is also adapted to vary air flow into an occupied space for small changes in the cooling load. In addition, the controller can artificially load the compressor during periods of small cooling load by restricting flow of a cooling agent between the cooling tower and the condenser, or by directing warm water from the condenser through the pre-coil coil.

Abstract: The present invention provides an air conditioning apparatus for automobiles equipped with a heat exchanger and a control method for the apparatus, by which the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger can be properly controlled to permit a stable cycle operation, even when the capacity of a condenser is relatively overly enhanced under a condition of the low atmospheric temperature. The apparatus and the control method are achieved with such an arrangement that either one or both of headers of a heat exchanger is provided with at least one refrigerant flow rate control valve capable of opening and closing refrigerant passages in each header, the heat exchanger has a refrigerant inlet provided in one header and a refrigerant outlet provided in the other header, and the control valve is opened and closed to change the number of the passages allowing the refrigerant to pass therethrough, for thereby changing the effective heat transfer area for heat exchange dependent on the atmospheric temperature.

Abstract: A compact refrigerant reclaim apparatus that is capable of removing refrigerant from a refrigeration system during repairs in order to remove oil and other impurities from said refrigerant and being capable of returning the refrigerant to the refrigeration system in a clean state. The apparatus includes an oil separator that includes oil separation and oil accumulator means.

Abstract: A beverage container cooling device comprising a carton for containment of a plurality of beverage containers, said carton having a reclosable opening, a plurality of separately removable individual refrigeration elements, each said refrigeration element being substantially filled with a refrigerant having a freezing point of 40.degree. F. or less, each said refrigeration element being adapted to substantially fill any existing space between said beverage containers positioned in a non-aligned configuration within said carton, each said refrigeration element having a plurality of heat conducting surfaces dimensioned for surface contact with the outer surfaces of a plurality of said beverage containers such that heat transfer between said refrigeration elements and said beverage containers occurs primarily by conduction.

Abstract: A method and system for conditioning the cargo containing space of a vehicle are disclosed wherein refrigerated or heated air is introduced into a supply duct and circulated through the cargo to a return duct. The return duct or ducts are preferably formed by movable reefer pallets or racks, controlled openings in the pallets regulating flow into the return duct to develop a uniform pressure differential between the cargo space and the return duct and achieve more uniform cooling. Heat barrier spacers are arranged on vertical walls to minimize heat passage to the cargo. A method and system are also disclosed for supplying refrigerated gas through a supply duct and returning it through a return duct, a control unit being normally responsive to a master temperature sensor arranged in an inlet, a sub-master temperature sensor being arranged for sensing freezing or chilling conditions and overriding the master temperature sensor.

Abstract: In a co-rotational scroll apparatus having two interleaving scroll wraps secured to end plates rotating about parallel, non-concentric axes to produce a relative orbital motion, a means for providing positive lubricant flow through the scroll wraps. A sump is provided adjacent the idler scroll member for supplying lubricant to a lubricant pump disposed in the lower end of the shaft of one scroll member. A lubricant gallery is provided in the scroll shaft for receiving the lubricant from the pump and directing the lubricant through passages in the scroll shaft to lubricate the scroll shaft bearing and for directing lubricant to passages in the end plate of the scroll member to be discharged adjacent the outer ends of the scroll wraps into the alternatively open and closed first chamber formed by the scroll wraps.

Abstract: A suspension system for an automatic washing machine wherein multiple independent modes of motion are provided, and the springs biasing the respective modes are selected so that the critical frequencies (i.e. maximum excursions) of the modes do not occur simultaneously. For example, a first set of centering springs biases a traversing motion and a second set of upstanding springs biases a pivoting motion. The spring rates are selected so that as the spin tub accelerates, the maximum excursion of one of the modes occurs first followed by the maximum excursion of the other mode at a higher spin tub speed.

Abstract: The invention provides a lock having a thick U-shaped shackle, a transverse housing for receivably locking extending ends of the shackle, a pair of longitudinal members which lockably intersect the shackle ends and which are actuated by a lock protected within the intermediate portion of the housing. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the shackle and housing are constructed of substantially thick tubular metal, and the shackle ends may be conformed to openings in the housing. The longitudinal members may be extended post members which intersect inserted shackle ends or may be forked members which slidably engage flat portions on inserted shackle ends. The locking mechanism may be activated through a rack-and-pinion, cam-and-pin, or similar assembly, and may further comprise shackle ends having flat sections conformed to the housing openings to prevent rotation. The compact and integral design affords improved resistance to tampering such as by shattering or cutting/twisting methods.

Abstract: A portable vehicle throttle lock which includes a base member having opposite end portions. An accelerator pedal engagement means is formed in or connected adjacent to one of the opposing ends of the base member and a brake pedal engagement means is formed in or connected adjacent to the remaining opposing base member end. Also included are means for adjustably lengthening or shortening the base member. In operation the throttle lock is engaged between the brake and accelerator pedals of a conventional motor vehicle. An operator may lengthen the throttle lock via the adjustable lengthening means in order to adjust the rate of engine shaft rotation. The throttle lock may be manufactured and installed such that an operator may return the engine to idle by simple depressing the accelerator pedal thereby causing the throttle lock to disengage.

Abstract: A lock cylinder with key, in which the cylinder has a rotor and a stator with radial tumbler pins and the key has depressions corresponding to the tumbler pins, has at least one tumbler pin exercising the function of a control pin (K), in that a zone formed by an offset is used for a flank code (f), provided in addition to the depth code (T) and having a diameter (B) corresponding to an additional code and the associated key has a depression with side flangs (8), whose spacing corresponds to the coded diameter (B) of the offset of the control pin.

Abstract: A key-operable lock having a releasable plug which is rotatable from a locked condition to an unlocked condition. The plug is removable from a fixed mounting member only in the unlocked condition and is blocked for removal in the locked condition by the combined effects of a master key-operable tumbler which is slideable in the plug and a boss which is fixed to the plug. In the locked condition, the boss and one end portion of the control tumbler extend outwardly from the plug to engage a fixed mounting member and the diametrically opposite end portion of the tumbler is inside of the plug. When a master key is inserted into the lock and the plug is rotated to the unlocked position both end portions of the control tumbler are inside of the plug; the boss is aligned with a slot of the mounting member and the plug is free to be removed from the fixed mounting member.

Abstract: A method for controlling metal strip thickness in a multi-stand rolling mill is provided which employs feed forward control to adjust the main drive armature current at the upstream mill stand when strip thickness data arrives at the downstream mill stand, establishes a control signal representing the desired speed of the first stand as a function of the second stand's measured speed, the strip thickness measurements, and the scheduled speeds of the first and second stands, develops an armature current reference modifier which is added to the current reference developed by the conventional speed regulator and thereby improves gage control by reducing the response time for upstream stand speed changes and by correcting upstream stand speed for unplanned changes in downstream stand speed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the determination of the force imposed on a terminal being crimped onto a wire. The crimping mechanism includes a cantilevered member which is deflected an amount that is proportional to the crimping force imposed on the terminal by the crimping bar. The amount of this deflection is sensed by four strain gages which are coupled to the cantilevered member and are electrically interconnected to form a Wheatstone bridge. The output of the Wheatstone bridge is then translated into actual force being imposed upon the terminal.

Abstract: An insulating heat re-radiation - retention and infiltration air free system and method is provided for processing heated articles, including upper and lower heat shields to form, in combination with spaced apart rollers employed to support the articles, a substantial infiltration air-free enclosure, each of the heat shields are made-up of substantially high purity 100% ceramic fiber which is relatively non-porous and gap free and having fiber hot faces, the fiber of the heat shields being compressed and maintained in a high density condition, the fiber of the lower heat shield being formed to contact the circumferences of the rollers in a manner to prevent air from passing into the enclosure, the upper and lower heat shields being maintained in close proximity with the heated articles.

Abstract: A mechanical pipe expander having a pyramidal, polyhedronal cross-section, segments resting against the pyramidal surfaces which are displaceable in axial direction relative to the polyhedron, and grooves formed in the longitudinal centers of the edges of the polyhedron so that the side surfaces of the grooves represent guides for the correspondingly shaped segments. The segments are formed as dove tails on the leading end thereof over a length of about 5-30% of their total length and each of the side surfaces of the dove tail recesses slide on a side surface of two adjacent grooves formed in the polyhedron. The length of the grooves is limited to the path of displacement of the polyhedron with respect to the segments, and the ends of the segments facing away from the leading end are held by radially acting springs against the surfaces of the polyhedron.

Abstract: A frame pulling apparatus for applying multiple pulling forces to a damaged structure such as an automobile, and including two or more pulling stations slidably mounted on, and adjustably positionable between a pair of vertically extending parallel support posts extending upwardly from a base. Each of the pulling stations includes a hydraulically actuated cylinder disposed within a telescopically extending power post and a load chain directed about a pulley at the end of the power posts, wherein actuation of the cylinders causes telescopic extension of the power posts thereby applying a pulling force equally on two independently extending legs of the load chain, the legs being separately attached to the damaged structure.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating the wear resistance of a weatherstripping of the kind applied to a motor vehicle window frame wherein a window can moveably engage the frame via the weatherstripping, the weatherstripping including a lubricating material, such as flocking, adhered to a base material, whereby the moveable engagement can cause wear of the adhered lubricating material. The apparatus includes first structure for holding a test strip of weatherstripping, a wand having a tapered nose portion, and second structure, coupled to the wand and first structure, for imposing a plurality of strokes of the wand nose portion upon the test strip. Third structure, coupled to the second structure, is for adjusting the amount of force with which the wand nose portion is sought to be imposed upon the test strip during the plurality of strokes. The wand is a thin, flat and elongate glass part having a tapered nose portion.

Abstract: The oxygen concentration of a gas mixture primarily of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon is determined by measurement of the shell side flow through a hollow fiber permeable membrane module having a tube side and a shell side. A sample of the gas at a low pressure is applied via a gas regulator to the tube side. Compressed air for purge flow is supplied via a first flow controller to one end of the shell side. A small portion of the tube side flow permeates the membrane, enters the shell of the module and combines with the air purge flow. The measurement of the oxygen concentration is determined by the amount of flow exiting the shell side via a flowmeter to a vent. The amount of gas permeating the membrane is dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen on both sides of the membrane. Hence, as the tube side partial pressure increases, a greater quantity of permeated gas passes to the shell side of the membrane. The remaining tube side flow exits the module via a second floor controller to the vent.

Abstract: Devices for detecting and obtaining information about an event, for example the presence of a liquid, which comprise (1) a swellable member which swells upon occurrence of the event and (2) a restraining member which, when the swellable member swells, restricts movement of the swellable member and thus causes the impedance of the device to change. In a preferred embodiment the device comprises two elongate conductors helically wrapped around a support core, a swellable, conductive polymer member surrounding the conductors. Occurrence of an event causes the swellable material to swell and form a conductive bridge between the conductors.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the thermal stability of fluids, particularly for testing the deposition characteristics of fuels, comprising a conduit system which connects in series; a reservoir to contain fresh fluid having within it a movable piston capable of discharging the fluid, a heater tube housing in which is mounted a heated tubular member, a time reactor housing of a sufficient volume to decrease the flow of the fluid therethrough, a spent fluid reservoir, a filter located at an outlet of the heater tube housing designed to trap deposits which may be formed due to the heating and remain suspended in the fluid, a similar filter located at an outlet of the time reactor housing designed to trap further deposits that may form with additional time, a differential pressure measuring device connected across each of these filters to measure the pressure drop therethrough, and a valved bypass around each of these filters.

Abstract: A mounting device for a pressure sensor is disclosed. The mounting device comprises a cylinder head having a threaded hole for mounting a spark plug, a sensor housing orifice penetrating into a combustion chamber and a sensor pressure receiving section in the sensor housing orifice. A pressure sensor is mounted in the sensor housing orifice. The pressure sensor comprises a housing inserted into the sensor housing orifice and having a pressure receiving section for directly receiving the combustion pressure, and a piezoelectric device housed in the housing and producing a voltage corresponding to the combustion pressure received at the pressure received section. The device comprises a presser member pressing the pressure sensor toward the pressure receiving section by tightening of the spark plug. A vibration absorbing member is interposed between the presser member and the pressure sensor so as to absorb the vibration and the displacement transmitted from the presser member.

Abstract: A dynamometer apparatus and a method for testing two and four wheel drive vehicles under simulated road conditions is described. The apparatus includes a front roll and a rear roll for engaging the front and rear wheels of the vehicle. A power supplying and/or absorbing unit such as an electric motor is coupled to each roll. In addition, a force transducer and speed sensor is coupled to each roll for providing signals representative of (a) the forces imported to or received by the rolls from the vehicle wheels minus the forces attributed to the parasitic losses of the rolls and (b) the speed of the rolls. Elements are also included for providing signals representative of the desired vehicle inertia and the forces attributable to the parasitic losses of the rolls. A system controller in response to the above signals controls the power supplying and/or absorbing units in accordance with: ##EQU1## where: V.sub.d =the desired velocity of the driven and driving rolls;F.sub.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting directional variations in a physical characteristic of a moving sheet of material is disclosed. The sensor has a support for supporting the moving sheet. The support defines an open region into which the moving sheet is deflected by a deflector. The support is rotatable to allow detectors coupled to the support to detect and produce signals indicative of the force exerted on the support by the deflected sheet in a number of different directions. Each signal is processed to determine a physical characteristic, such as extensional stiffness, of the sheet of material in each direction. The directional variations of the physical characteristic may be used to determine the fiber orientation angle and the degree of anisotropism of the sheet.

Abstract: An omnidirectional speed sensing system includes a rotatable member; a channel supported by the rotatable member and having an inlet and an outlet; a single pressure sensing port in the system disposed the channel between the inlet and the outlet for sensing the dynamic pressure of the fluid flow through the channel which pressure is a function of the rotational speed of the rotatable member and the velocity of the rotatable member through the fluid; transducer means responsive to the pressure at the sensing port for producing a pressure signal; means responsive to the pressure signal for extracting the first harmonic of the pressure signal; and means responsive to the magnitude and phase of the first harmonic of the pressure signal for indicating the velocity and direction of the sensed speed.

Abstract: The strength of a join between a ceramic and an associated non-ceramic is determined using an ultrasonic microscope. A converging ultrasonic beam is radiated against a point on a surface of the ceramic, said point being a predetermined distance away from the join between the ceramic and the associated non-ceramic. Data on the intensities of interference waves at respective predetermined variations of the relative distance between a probe of the ultrasonic microscope and the ceramic are collected. The residual stress at the point is calculated on the basis of the cycle of echo intensities of the interference waves for the respective predetermined variations of the relative distance. The strength of the join is then determined on the basis the residual stress.

Abstract: A micromachined silicon pressure transducer employs a vibrating bridge that is formed from the same silicon slab as the pressure responsive diaphragm. The resonant frequency of the bridge is a temperature insensitive representation of the pressure.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip with a gauge pressure sensor section and an absolute pressure sensor section is anodically bonded, in a vacuum, to a glass mount with an evacuated space between the absolute-pressure sensor section and the mated surface portion of the glass mount. The pressure to be measured is received by the reverse surface of the gauge pressure sensor section. Since no complicated package is mounted within the outer package, the assembly of the sensor is easy. Further, since the pressure sensor has two sensor sections, namely, the gauge pressure sensor section and the absolute pressure sensor section, the sensor can be used as an absolute pressure sensor of the reverse-surface pressure-receiving type.

Abstract: The subject apparatus enables detecting changes in pressure of the fluid in a conduit from outside the conduit without disturbing the conduit or its function. The detection is made by sensing changes in diameter of the conduit caused by pressure changes, using a linear measurement electrical transducer. The transducer is mounted in a cylindrical sleeve which telescopes in a second sleeve which is externally threaded at both ends. A fixture is threaded onto one end with the sensing probe of the transducer extending through a hole in the fixture. An auxilliary sleeve is installed between the transducer support sleeve and the fixture, and also extends through the fixture and is forced toward the fixture by a compression spring between the transducer sleeve and auxilliary sleeve. A knurled knob is threaded onto the second sleeve and is used to adjust the position of the transducer along the axis of the sleeve.

Abstract: A method for non-destructive evaluation of a conduit, gallery or similar structure as shown which involves mechanical tests using an apparatus for applying forces to the walls of the structure in one or two opposite directions and measuring the displacement and or deformation resulting from the application of the forces. The applied forces and the displacements are measured, received, processed and stored in memory for further processing analysis and diagnosis to determine the condition of the structure over the length evaluated. A suitable expert computer system is utilized to establish the overall condition of the structure and classify the structure into zones of risk for maintenance and or repair.

Abstract: A vortex sensor comprises a pressure sensing planar member disposed within a flow passage parallel to a vortex generating bluff body and the central axis of the flow passage and supported by a supporting body in an arrangement allowing at least a minute amount of pivoting movement of the pressure sensing planar member about a torsion axis disposed parallel to the pressure sensing planar member and perpendicular to the central axis of the flow passage adjacent to one of the leading and trailing edges of the pressure sensing planar member, and a lateral extension extending from the pressure sensing planar member in a direction perpendicular to the torsion axis and to the central axis of the flow passage and connected to a transducer at an extremity thereof, whereby the transducer converts an alternating torque about the torsion axis exerted on the pressure sensing planar member by the vortices in the fluid stream to an alternating electrical signal, wherein the pressure sensing planar member is disposed downstr

Abstract: A multibeam structure measures displacement of one or more response elements to detect multiple components of applied force. The flexible beams are each coupled to a response element which may be displaced by a force arising from linear acceleration, angular acceleration, fluid flow, electric/magnetic/gravitational fields, and other sources. The displacement of the response element is detected with a variety of sensing methods including capacitive and piezoresistive sensing.

Abstract: A sampling system for integrated proportional sampling of a fluid stream. The system includes a syringe-like sample container having an inlet/outlet at one end and a piston therein displaceable to fill and discharge the container. The inlet of the sample container is connectable to the fluid stream, for withdrawing samples to the container. Flow sensor means positionable in the fluid stream are provided, for continuously measuring the flow rate of the stream and providing a continuous first control signal varying in accordance with the measured flow rate. Piston drive means withdraw the syringe piston at a rate in accordance with the first control signal, and limit means stop the withdrawing piston at a predetermined end point in its axial movement.