Abstract: A sample applicator/retriever for gel electrophoresis is provided, which allows easy and reproducible application or retrieval of samples. The sample nozzle is designed to load samples uniformly through a gel. The applicator/retriever may be in several different forms, including a a multiwell device, individual wells and mounting bar, a single line well, or a concentrator applicator.

Abstract: An apparatus which includes the combination of a submarine gel tank, for the electrophoresic separation of, for example, nucleic acid molecules on agarose slab gels, with a vacuum applying means which transfers the separated molecules from the gel, without further handling, to a filter membrane by means of a controlled vacuum.

Abstract: A process for the purification of DNA and the like comprises a housing having walls forming a reservoir having a chamber for containing a buffer solution, means for circulating a buffer through the reservoir, a disposable cassette within said chamber having first means including a gel for defining a first path extending between an inlet end and an outlet end, a well for introducing a bacterial sample into the path at said inlet end thereof, and a second path intersecting the first path via an elution chamber, having a collection chamber including an elution window at said outlet end, and an electrical circuit for selectively applying an electrical potential along each of the paths for selectively moving a plasmid first along the first path from the bacterial well to the elution chamber, then along the second path to the collection window at the end thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel b of detecting metal ion concentrations less than about 10 .mu.g/dl fluid. Biosensors based on the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase are particularly suited for detecting trace lead ion concentrations in water and in blood. Bioelectrodes are fabricated from surface deposited colloidal gold adsorbed enzyme that retains high catalytic activity Other aspects of the invention include detection devices for convenient and rapid measurement of metal ions.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor for sensing a gas dissolved in a liquid. The sensor includes a probe having a cylindrical body and a rounded face. A working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode are buried in the probe body and have distal ends reaching conformingly to the face. A pulsed polarizing voltage is impressed between the auxiliary electrode and the working electrode for polarizing the probe, and a capacitor is provided for storing the charge which flows to the working electrode during periods of polarization. The concentration of the dissolved gas is determined by measuring the voltage across the capacitor.

Abstract: An electrode probe suited for employment as an electrical potential reference electrode in an aqueous, high pressure, high temperature, and high radiation field environment such as the core of a nuclear reactor is described. The electrode is a brazed and welded assembly consisting of only ceramic and metal parts including a sapphire base which is brazed to a kovar/stainless steel housing, welded in turn, to a coaxial cable assembly for signal transfer. The base incorporates an integrally formed pedestal through which a conductor wire extends and over which is positioned a selectively coated cylindrically shaped sealing retainer. The device is particularly suited for employment with a silver/silver chloride electrode system.

Abstract: A method for forming a plurality of solder bumps on an electronic component substrate utilizes a transfer plate to electrodeposit solder deposits and subsequently reflow the deposits onto the substrate. The plate comprises discrete pad electrodes formed of a ceramic material that is suitably electrically conductive to permit electroplating of the solder alloy, but is not wet by the molten solder to permit reflow onto the substrate. A preferred electrode material is an indium oxide compound. The solder deposits are plated onto the electrodes, and the transfer plate is superposed on the substrate such that the bumps rest upon bond pads on the substrate. The assembly is heated and cooled to melt and resolidify the solder alloy, whereupon the solder bonds to the substrate pads to form the bumps.

Abstract: Process for electroplating and apparatus therefor characterized by guiding just released bubbles to rise up symmetrically between the substrate plate and each of the anode plates so as to cause stable rising currents; providing a pair of passages outside of the bath so as to receive the bath solution overflowing above the upper edges of the bath wall to be jointed with the respective rising currents near the bath bottom; and preventing the descending and turning currents from disturbing just released bubbles near the joint positions of the descending and rising currents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for electroplating a metal sheet adapted for being used in electronic packaging material, such as printed circuit boards. Bismaleimide and its derivative are added into the plated solution so as to form insoluble particles of bismaleimide and its derivatives on the surface of the metal sheet. The resulting metal sheet is particularly adapted for being bonded to a polyimide film for the preparation of, for example, a printed circuit board. Also disclosed is a method of bonding the metal sheet of the present invention to a polyimide substrate. Precursor of polyimide are coated on the surface of the plate metal sheet and then thermal imidizing of the precursors takes place. No additional adhesives are needed for this bonding.

Abstract: Process for anodizing aluminum or its alloys to obtain a surface particularly having high infrared emittance by anodizing an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate surface in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution at elevated temperature and by a step-wise current density procedure, followed by sealing the resulting anodized surface. In a preferred embodiment the aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate is first alkaline cleaned and then chemically brightened in an acid bath The resulting cleaned substrate is anodized in a 15% by weight sulfuric acid bath maintained at a temperature of 30.degree. C. Anodizing is carried out by a step-wise current density procedure at 19 amperes per square ft. (ASF) for 20 minutes, 15 ASF for 20 minutes and 10 ASF for 20 minutes. After anodizing the sample is sealed by immersion in water at 200.degree. F. and then air dried. The resulting coating has a high infrared emissivity of about 0.92 and a solar absorptivity of about 0.

Abstract: Durable and clear blue color of freely controlled density can be expeditiously and efficiently impated to an anodic oxide film of aluminum by a method which comprises forming the anodic oxide film on the aluminum or aluminum alloy, then subjecting the aluminum or aluminum alloy to AC electrolysis in a bath containing an inorganic ferrous salt as a main component thereof thereby inducing deposition of iron in the pores of the oxide film, and subsequently placing the aluminum or aluminum alloy as an anode in a bath containing hexacyano iron (II) acid salt as a main component thereof and subjecting the same to DC electrolysis therein. In the alternative method, the pore-widening treatment is added next to said step of anodic oxidation. The pore-widening treatment is effected by immersing the aluminum or aluminum alloy in sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid or electrolyzing the same in phosphoric acid or a mixed solution of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process riser reactor effluent is rapidly separated into spent catalyst and hydrocarbon product. The separated hydrocarbon product is immediately quenched to an unreactive temperature in the absence of quenching spent catalyst. An increase in debutanized naphtha yield is achieved. By avoiding catalyst quenching, heat duty is saved in the catalyst regenerator.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbon oil contaminated with suspended solid particles and dissolved metallic compounds, comprising the contacting of the oil at an elevated temperature in the presence of hydrogen with porous inorganic oxide particles having a surface area of 1 m.sup.2 /g or less and a pore volume of at least 0.1 ml/g in pores having a diameter of at least 10 microns.

Abstract: Particles of a desired mineral are separated from an aqueous slurry containing the desired particles and particles of an undesired mineral by adding a collector, a frother and an alkylated polymer of vinylpyrrolidone, and then floating off the desired particles in a froth flotation cell.

Abstract: A system for filtering electric discharge machine dielectric fluid wherein the filtering apparatus is mounted on a moveable platform and attached to the electric discharge machine that needs it's dielectric fluid filtered of foreign matter. The filter system has a plurality of filter casings connected in parallel by each casings inlet and outlet fittings. Each filter casing consists of a tank having a removable lid and a replaceable filter element inside the tank. The fluid flows into the filter tank, through the filter element, into a perforated tube and out of the filter tank into the interconnecting piping system. The filter system is separate from the reserve dielectric fluid tank of the electric discharge machine and can be operated either with the reserve tank system or connected directly to the electric discharge machine.

Abstract: An oil filter for providing coarse and fine filtration of lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine is disclosed herein. The oil filter includes a cylindrical housing closed by a cover containing a coarse-filtering cartridge of pleated paper included between a lower plate and an upper plate, and a fine-filtering cartridge placed between the coarse-filtering cartridge and the cover. The fine-filtering cartridge is supported between a lower base plate and an upper base plate arranged to bear against the cover. Both filtering cartridges have a cylindrical shape with axial recesses extending therethrough. The fine-filtering cartridge is composed of a band of filtering paper disks, the band being bent as an accordion. The upper base plate is integrally formed with to a first end of a barrel with the barrel coaxially extending through the axial recess of said fine-filtering cartridge and partially into the axial recess of said coarse-filtering cartridge.

Abstract: A system minimizing inorganic and organic contaminants in water circulating in a water system comprises a flow-through filter vessel containing a filter medium and whose outlet is connected by a conduit to a flow-through radiation chamber containing a source of ultraviolet light. An electrostatic probe is inserted into the conduit between the filter vessel and the radiation chamber to subject the water flowing through the conduit to an intense electrostatic field. The filter vessel, conduit and chamber are connected in series to a pump and water utilization apparatus such as a cooling tower, pool or the like so that the water circulates through the filter and the electrostatic field before it enters the radiation chamber to maximize the effectiveness of the radiation chamber in killing organic contaminants entrained in the water.

Abstract: A multi-column countercurrent chromatograph utilizes a single reel with a plurality of columns, typically preparative, semi-preparative and analytical types helically wound around a common central axis in various combinations. The multi-coil column may consist of an inner preparative coil in the range of 215 ml; a 75 ml semi-preparative intermediate coil and 15 ml mini analytical coil for rotation around a central axis. The mini coil is particularly useful for preliminary tests of solvent systems or for separations on a few milligrams of sample. The intermediate coil is useful for preparative separations of larger samples in less than an hour. By connecting the intermediate and larger coils in a series arrangement the resolution obtained will be double that achieved with the intermediate coil alone. Separations can be repeatedly injected without loss of the stationary phase. Individual coils may be used without the need for rebalancing the instrument.

Abstract: The clarifier in any activated sludge sewage treatment plant must provide (a) a quiescent environment to allow gravity settling of the bio-mass (sludge) grown within the aeration tank, (b) the decanting of clear supernatant thus produced, and (c) the timely removal of all accumulated clarifier sludge. This invention improves prior clarifier performance by (a) providing vacuum assistance to gravity settling, (b) trapping all sedimentation within an aerated sludge containment zone, (c) providing clarifier sludge aeration to prevent denitrification, (d) utilization of spent aeration air for energy-free return sludge pumping, (e) the elimination of density currents and induced currents created by return sludge pumping, and (f) providing uniform hydraulic sludge collection eliminating the need for mechanical collection. The lower portion of the clarifier walls must be inward sloped to provide a hopper bottom.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for removing metal particles from a liquid by means of a bag filter containing a plurality of magnets in linearly elongated interior pockets. A liquid containing metal particles passes from the interior of the bag filter through its exterior. The magnetic force associated with the magnets contained on the inside of the bag filter attract the metal particles thereto and hold such particles there against the pockets while the liquid passes through the bag filter.

Abstract: The apparatus has two portions wherein the first conveying portion functions to deflect and concentrate a large strip of the surface floating pollutant to be recovered, towards a narrower throat or exit section, and the second recovery portion effects the mechanical recovery of the pollutant thickened layer flowing through the throat of the first portion. The conveying portion includes a vessel itself with two floating arms symmetrically set in a "V" shape aft the vessel on its two sides, with their entrance section positioned just back the midship section of the vessel, while the throat or exit section is placed aft the vessel.The recovery portion of this equipment is a self-floating apparatus positioned immediately on the back of the throat of the conveying portion, and is towed by the vessel by means of a swinging fork.

Abstract: Diffusion dialysis system which is decontaminated acids which have been contaminated with metal ions, such as during plating operations and the like. The system includes a plurality of vertically stacked, horizontally disposed anion exchange cells. Each cell includes the anion exchange membrane adapted to permit the diffusion of anions and to block the diffusion of cations therethrough. The system includes a frame which supports one supply tank for holding water and another supply tank for holding the waste acid each disposed at a level higher than the stack of anion exchange cells so that the water and acid will have a head of static pressure. Each cell of the stack includes channels for supplying waste acid to one side of the membrane and water to the opposite side of the membrane and at the opposite ends thereof to provide for the counterflow of acid and water across the upper and lower surfaces of each membrane.

Abstract: A filter apparatus includes a mesh filter consisting of a flexible sheet having a smooth surface and a multiplicity of through-holes and formed into a cylindrical configuration. The leading edge of a scraper is brought into abutting contact with the outer surface of the cylindrically formed mesh filter, or two scrapers can be provided on the inner and outer surfaces of the mesh filter with their leading edges abutted against these surfaces. Provided within the mesh filter is a support shaft serving also as a discharge pipe. The discharge pipe discharges clean oil filtered by the mesh filter, and the support shaft rotatably supports the mesh filter. The cylindrical mesh filter is disposed in a tank for accommodating cutting oil or abrasive oil containing solid foreign matter such as cutting chips or abrasive grains. The mesh filter is rotated on the discharge pipe/support shaft by a drive mechanism.

Abstract: Open frame, inverted-T-shaped trusses are provided between self-supporting clarifier units to support the units in liquid having solids therein flowing in a clarifier basin. In a first embodiment, each truss has three pipes which form part of a longitudinally extending base. A longitudinal spine extends up from the base to a fourth pipe which directly supports an outlet trough. Spaced supports extend transversely to form three-sided corners which receive an end of a clarifier unit. A bar extends between the spaced supports to hold the units in the corners. In a second embodiment, the truss is provided with a closed spine which serves as a head barrier at an inlet end of the basin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for removing heavy metals and substantially destroying indicator bacteria present in municipal sludges, which comprises: lowering, under aerobic conditions, the pH of a municipal sludge from about 7 to 8 to about 2.0 to 2.5 by adding to said sludge 10% by volume of an inoculum containing a mixture of microorganisms comprising Thiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 55127 and Thiobacillus thioparus ATCC 55128 with 1 to 3 g per liter of sulphur, and incubating for a period of at least 40 hours where the heavy metals originally present in said sludge have been substantially solubilized and the concentration of the indicator bacteria have been lowered to a non-toxic level; and recovering the metals from the low pH treated sludge of step a).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the concentration of an organic and/or inorganic pollutant in a fluid stream which comprises passing the stream through a bioreacter containing a fixed biologically active biomass comprising an effective number of open or substantially open spaces and a plurality of biologically active bodies comprising a hydrophobic polyurethane substrate having an effective amount of one or more microorganism capable of metabolizing at least one of the said pollutant on, in or on and in said substrate in the absence or in the substantial absence of an absorbent.

Abstract: A transportable apparatus for biological treatment of a slurry of contaminated materials, including a series of square reactor cells having substantially parabolic lower portions, set at the same elevation and communicating in series. Gas diffusers are placed in each cell for aerating and mixing the slurry, and an airlift slurry transport system is employed for recirculating the slurry. The apparatus also has applicability to the treatment of water and waste water.

Abstract: A plasma purification treatment which removes disease ailment causing constituents in the plasma of a patient suffering from diseases caused by those ailment causing constituents in this patient's plasma by plasma exchange made by sampling of plasma from the patient and returning the plasma sampled from the patient and purified by removing the ailment causing constituents to the patient; sampling an appropriate volume of plasma within 12% of the patient's whole circulating blood at the first time and gradually increased volume from the second time on until it reaches a predetermined target volume of plasma exchange, returning the sampled plasma at the previous time and purified.

Abstract: System, apparatus and method for efficiently and effectively isolating analytes from a liquid sample by solid phase extraction comprises a workstation platform with a plurality of suction providing stations for receiving either or both a detachably mounted collection chamber housing a removable collection vessel and membrane holder with removable, screen supported disc membrane, the holder having an inlet opening for receiving a liquid and a passageway through the screen supported disc membrane to an exit port for flow and collection, at the appropriate time, of analytes, extraction solvent, or liquid sample. The membrane holder is adapted to be releasably mounted into either the suction stations or the collection chamber. The removable collection vessel in the collection chamber enables prompt, timely, safe and effective removal of solvent, analyte or liquid from the system. The workstation platform is preferably rotatable for ease of access to the plurality of suction providing stations.

Abstract: A process for improved flocculation of Bayer process red mud-containing liquor uses a conventional water soluble anionic flocculant to form a red mud phase and a supernatant from the red mud-containing liquor, the supernatant containing suspended solids. The process is characterized by the addition of a water soluble clarification aid in addition to the conventional flocculant, wherein the clarification aid is pullulan, lactan, zooglan, rhamsan, or combinations thereof. The clarification aid is added to the red mud-containing liquor in an amount sufficient to reduce the concentration of suspended solids in the supernatant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for carbonating a liquid by creating a pressurized atmosphere of carbon dioxide in a container, spraying a liquid, including a caustic containing liquid, into the atmosphere to cause an interaction between the liquid and the carbon dioxide, collecting a pool of liquid in the bottom of the container, and sparging carbon dioxide under pressure through the pool, and an apparatus for same.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of liquids, gases and vapors originating from water impervious interment units comprises a plurality of vertical passages in the vertical walls between units. The upper ends of the vertical passages are connected to an exhaust system and the lower ends of the vertical passages are connected to a drain passage for liquids. Gases drawn through the exhaust system are subjected to sterilization processes including burning and filtering such that any gases discharged into the atmosphere are free of pathogens and odors. A process is also disclosed for the treatment of gases and vapors from the units.

Abstract: A method for detoxifying cyanide waste using a reactive sugar having aldose functionality is provided. The reactive sugar is mixed with the cyanide waste to produce sugar acid, a non-toxic and environmentally safe compound.

Abstract: A combination of a dehydration process for dehydrating sewage sludge by mixing a quicklime-containing material with the sludge, a cement conversion process for introducing the solids produced by the dehydration process into a cement kiln with other cement raw materials to yield cement, and a gas treatment process for introducing gases generated in the dehydration process into a cement burning process, thereby enabling conversion of the sewage sludge into cement without releasing wastes, with a reduction in fuel consumption for the cement burning, and a reduction in NOx content of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A process for disposing of sanitary sewage sludge by producing a pumpable slurry of sewage sludge with or without solid carbonaceous fuel and burning said slurry as fuel in a partial oxidation gas generator, furnace, or boiler. First, an aqueous slurry of sewage sludge is concentrated to produce sewage sludge cake. The sewage sludge cake is preheated and sheared while in contact with sulfuric or sulfurous acid to produce a pumpable acidified aqueous slurry of sewage sludge having a pH of about 1 to 5. After two-stage hydrothermal treatment with neutralization of the sewage sludge after the second hydrothermal stage, the solids content of the pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge is increased. By means of the subject process, the viscosity of the slurry of sewage sludge with or without solid carbonaceous fuel is reduced and coagulation is suppressed.

Abstract: A water disinfection system is disclosed. The system comprises a permanganate in a concentration of up to about 15 mg/L, copper ions in a concentration of up to about 900 .mu.g/L, and silver ions in a concentration of up to about 90 .mu.g/L. In addition, a method for disinfecting water utilizing this system is described.

Abstract: A system for collecting and processing donated blood comprises a first porous medium interposed between a blood collection bag and a satellite bag and a second porous medium interposed between the blood collection bag and another satellite bag. The porous media are leucocyte depletion media. The system may also include one or more of the following: a red cell barrier medium, a separation medium, a gas inlet, and a gas outlet. The system can be used to centrifuge whole blood into one or more components, and includes a means for protecting the system during centrifugation.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for using a batch centrifuge to separate the granulated material of a container from whatever liquid residue remains within the container. Though this technology is suitable for many diverse applications, a primary objective is the separation of the recyclable plastic of a motor oil container from the remaining reusable motor oil within the container after the container has ostensibly been emptied. The apparatus may be utilized as a compact, free-standing size reduction and reclaiming device at the location where the container is used. It uses neither a solvent nor a wash process and reclaims the oil in a suitable state for reprocessing. In a second method, a rinsing mechanism is employed by which a residual liquid waste, such as soap, may be concentrated and separated without introducing this residual liquid waste in dilute form into the waste water treatment process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a procedure for cleaning a sinter used for filtering a metal catalyst suspension. As taught by the invention, the sinter is treated with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide for displacing the metal catalyst left in the pores of the sinter with the aid of the gas produced by the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide, caused by the metal catalyst, until gas formation ceases, indicating that no significant quantities of metal catalysts are left in the sinter. Such hydrogen peroxide decomposition is produced by the so-called anthraquinone process, in which an anthraquinone derivative is dissolved in an organic solvent then reduced with the aid of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst to the corresponding anthraquinone derivative; the catalyst is then separated from such solution by filtering. Then, such corresponding anthraquinone derivative is oxidized with air or oxygen, whereby it reverses to the state preceding hydrogenation, i.e.

Abstract: Concrete blocks are formed in a mold having a cavity into which block-forming material is placed. A portion of the material is retained in place relative to the cavity walls when the block is removed from the cavity, and the face of the block forming material adjacent a surface of the material retained in place is provided with a split-type appearance to its surface. A block having a rough surface closely resembling a split surface can thus be attained without the expense and time involved in conventional block splitting. The assembly can be constructed to form blocks having non-planar split-type surfaces. Additionally, split-type surfaces can be formed on an interior surface of a composite block module adapted for splitting along a splitting plane, to attain a block providing a split-type appearance along two spaced planes.

Abstract: The vessel includes a small cup (2) made of paper material, having an upper edge (7) formed with a series of folded over peripherally-extending consecutive portions (7a) arranged to define a circumferential engagement groove (9) along the outer edge of the cup, and a laminar support (10) made of stiff paper material and provided with a through hole (10a) to detachably house said small cup at the circumferential groove thereof. Advantageously, the cup (2) is formed with two bun cases (3, 4) introduced into each other upon interposition of a stiff laminar insert (11) disposed intermediate the two bun case bottoms (3a, 4a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for preparing boron zirconium chelate solutions which are stable on the addition of acid bases, boiling, high dilution and/or aging. These chelates are useful in several industries, especially in the petroleum industry for frac fluids for treating oil or gas bearing strata especially deep hot wells. The boron zirconium chelates are prepared by forming a mixture of ammonium hydroxide, water soluble amines, sodium or potassium zirconium alpha hydroxy carboxylates selected from lactates, citrates, tartrates, glycolates, maliates, saccharates, gluconates, glycerates and mandelates, with polyols such as glycerin, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, monosaccharides and disaccharides and with water. This mixture is blended and then boric acid or borax as a source of boron is added and the pH is adjusted using inorganic or organic bases and/or inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates. The boron zirconium chelate solutions contain 0.1-3.

Abstract: Low temperature lubricating oils are fluorosiloxane compounds of the formulaT.sub.a M.sub.b D.sup.F.sub.c D.sub.dwhereinT represents phenyl trisiloxy groups or mixed phenyl trisiloxy-and alkyl trisiloxy groups;M represents trialkyl monosiloxy groups triphenyl monosiloxy groups or tri-alkyl/phenol-monosiloxy groups;D represents dialkyl disiloxy groups, diphenyl disiloxy groups, or phenyl-alkyl disiloxy groups and;D.sup.F represents disiloxy groups with a methyl or phenyl substituent and a fluorinated substituent of the formula C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;a is a number from 0 to 5;b is a number from 3 to 7;c is a number from 3 to 7;d is a number from 30 to 70; andn is a number from 1 to 12.

Abstract: A material useful as a dispersant additive in oleaginous compositions selected from fuels and lubricating oils comprising the reaction products of:(i) at least one intermediate adduct comprised of the reaction products of(a) at least one polyepoxide, and(b) at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyamines, polyols, and amino alcohols; and(ii) at least one of (a) hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 monocarboxylic or C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid producing material; (b) an aldehyde and a hydrocarbyl substituted hydroxy aromatic compound; or (c) an aldehyde and the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 monocarboxylic or C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid or anhydride and an amine substituted hydroxy aromatic compound.Also included is a process for preparing said material and an oleaginous composition containing said material.

Abstract: Reaction products in which polyethers are connected to hydroxyalkylated polyamines using diisocyanates have been found to be effective ashless dispersants and detergents for various lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement in wide viscosity range multigrade lubricants of the type having a mineral oil base into which is added a viscosity index improver and a wear enhancer package and, more specifically, in the viscosity index improver which is used. The viscosity index improver mixture of contains (a) 85 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 91%-95% by weight, of low molecular weight ethylene-propylene copolymers; and (b) 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 5% to 9% by weight, of an esterified alkenyl-vinyl polymer pour point depressant to make 100% total amount of (a) and (b). Normally, this mixture will be contained in the base lubricant in an amount of about 1% to 95% by weight, preferably 1% to 25% by weight or 1 to 20% by weight and, most preferably, either 1-5% or 3-10% depending on the desired viscosity properties. To ensure the effect of the compounds in the final mixture, the pour point depressant component (b) should be present in the multigrade lubricant in an amount of at least about 0.

Abstract: An aqueous hydraulic fluid comprising as, active ingredients, 5-30% by weight of alkylpolyglycoside, 0-20% by weight of surfactant additives, and 0-10% by weight of nonsurfactant additives; and water to 100% by weight; the proportion of active ingredients in the fluid being at most 40% by weight; provides a medium for energy transfer having adequate viscosity and good lubricating action at low concentrations of active ingredients.

Abstract: An electroviscous fluid comprising an electrical insulating liquid and fine particles dispersed therein, wherein the fine particles are spherical particles containing an electrolytic solution, obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation of a metal alkoxide or its derivative.

Abstract: A dual-phase toilet bar is provided having a first portion that is at least translucent and a second portion that is opaque. Each portion of the bar has at least 80% by weight of its components identical. The opaque portion incorporates a solid particulate opacifying agent. A process is also disclosed wherein a clear composition is poured into a mold to partly fill same. Thereafter, an opaque composition is poured into the remaining volume of the mold, this composition being essentially identical to the clear composition but also including a small amount of solid particulate opacifying agent. Alternatively the opaque composition may be poured first into the mold followed by the clear composition.

Abstract: A method is provided herein which is particularly effective for removing or stripping varnish and paint from surfaces such as wood or metal which comprises activating NMP and/or BLO with about 1-30% by weight of an activator compound which is ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (EEP).