Abstract: Cracked hydrocarbon gases are treated to remove contaminating compounds that react in caustic wash to form the reaction products which cause equipment fouling. The treating of the cracked hydrocarbon gases includes the contacting of a cracked hydrocarbon stream with an aqueous amine solution, prior to caustic washing, to remove carbonyl compounds contained in the cracked hydrocarbon gases. By treating the cracked hydrocarbons with an amine compound prior to caustic washing, the formation and deposition of fouling compounds upon the internal components of caustic treating equipment is inhibited.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons in the presence of catalyst particles in a fluidized phase in an essentially upflow or downflow tubular reaction zone, said process comprising at least one stage of steam cracking of at least one light hydrocarbon fraction and a stage of catalytic cracking of at least one heavy hydrocarbon fraction.The steam cracking is carried out by contacting the light hydrocarbons and a quantity of steam equal to at least 20 percent by weight in a fluidized bed of the catalyst particles, the resulting temperature ranging from 650.degree. to 850.degree. C.The catalytic cracking of the heavy hydrocarbons is carried out by contacting them with the effluents from the upstream section of the reaction zone and the catalyst suspension in such a way that the temperature of the mixture ranges from 500.degree. to 650.degree. C. and is then reduced to a temperature ranging from 475.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing high quality lubricants by the hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of petroleum waxes uses a catalyst which is based on an ultra-large pore crystalline material. The crystalline material exhibits unusually large pores of at least 13 .ANG. diameter and a high sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C. The crystalline material is characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern with at least one d-spacing greater than about 18 .ANG. and in a particularly preferred form, a hexagonal arrangement of pores of at least 13 .ANG. diameter which can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 .ANG.. The hydrocracking catalysts based on these materials are capable of producing lube products with a high VI of at least 120 and usually higher, values of 135 and higher e.g. 143.

Abstract: Where side stream distillate strippers are used in the distillation of hydrocarbons, the required size of the distillation column and the amount of stripping gas or vapor required are reduced by passing components stripped from the distillates through a plurality of strippers in series, rather than directly back to the distillation zone.

Abstract: As-mined, naturally water-wet oil sand is mixed at the mine site with hot water and NaOH to produce a slurry containing entrained air. The slurry is pumped through a pipeline and is fed directly to a conventional gravity separation vessel. The pipeline is of sufficient length so that, in the course of being pumped therethrough, sufficient coalescence and aeration of bitumen occurs so that, when subsequently retained in the gravity separation vessel under quiescent conditions, a viable amount of the bitumen floats, forms froth, and is recovered.

Abstract: A filter container arrangement which permits ease of positioning, installation and maintenance within limited space allocable to such a device in applications such as a boat. The head plug being easily removably insertable to provide a large opening for removal and replacement of the filter element after which the head plug may be easily reinserted and the container sealed. The input and output mechanisms, mounted on the port plug, being non-incrementally rotatably and longitudinally adjustable to facilitate alignment of the input and output mechanisms with the input and output sources. A plurality of pressure monitor assembles which may incorporate a bleed valve for each of the input and output sides of the filter are mounted in the head plug to allow the user to determine the status of the filter element without opening the filter container.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment system includes inner and outer relatively telescopic units, the outer telescopic unit including an outer container having a bottom wall and a peripheral wall collectively defining a generally upwardly opening chamber, a filter exteriorly of the peripheral wall and defining therewith a first downstream settling zone, control openings in the peripheral wall for controlling wastewater flow through the first settling zone generally in response to the level of wastewater in the first settling zone, the inner telescopic unit including an inner container having a chamber defined in part by a peripheral wall, the peripheral walls being in relatively spaced relationship to each other and therebetween defining a second settling zone, a third settling zone within the inner telescopic unit chamber, and the inner and outer telescopic units each being a distinct unitized structure which permits the same to be bodily telescopically assembled and disassembled.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying fuel, comprising a closed container having a top, a bottom, an inlet for impure fuel and an outlet for purified fuel placed at a level over the inlet, both coupled near the top of the container, a heating bulb to heat the impure fuel and allow the settlement of impurities and a valve in the bottom to remove the impurities from the container; a partition wall coupled in the container above the inlet and under the outlet, and a hollow body dependently coupled to the partition wall, defining a surrounding chamber under the partition wall to receive the impure fuel to the bottom of the container, an inner chamber in the hollow body under the partition wall, for purifying fuel, and an upper chamber over the partition wall for purified fuel; and a passage in the partition wall communicating said inner and upper chambers, to allow passage of the purified fuel to the upper chamber.

Abstract: A floatable stationary pool cleaner and method in cooperation with a pool recirculation system for removing circulating debris from the surface of a pool. The pool cleaner has a body having a generally scoop-shaped configuration. The body is generally hollow to form a conduit for water and the body has an open first end and a second end. A filter net is attachable to and cooperates with the second end for entrapping debris directed thereto. The filter net cooperates with the second end such that a portion of the filter net end is located slightly above the surface and a remainder of the filter net is located below the surface. Jets are provided which are connected to the hollow for propelling water away from the body in a direction to extend the scoop-shaped configuration of the body to increase the entrapment of debris and to propel water toward the second end to direct debris into the filter net.

Abstract: A system for removing acid from a metal-rich acid stream by diffusion dialysis. The acid stream is contacted with a water stream through an ion exchange membrane, in a series, counter-current flow contactor. The contactor is formed of a stack of layers of ion exchange membranes and impervious separators with flow-control apertures. The stack includes switch-back spacers which cause the flow to switch direction.

Abstract: A scroll liner for use in the discharge housing of a centrifugal separator device. The scroll liner comprises a plurality of segments which are replaceable in the event of excessive wear. The segments are of a length which is less than the space between adjacent blades having blade portions located in the discharge housing such that a segment can be removed from the separator device in the space formed by adjacent blades.

Abstract: This invention pertains to processes for manufacturing in an environmentally friendly way, continuous, supported ion exchange membranes from (I) liquids containing vinyl and related monomeric electrolytes and high boiling solvents therefor, said solvents also being swelling agents for said membranes; and (II) an indefinitely long, foraminous substrate and to the products of such processes.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in a water or wastewater clarifier drive mechanism to permit access to or removal of the hoop gear assembly without draining the clarifier or disconnecting the drive cage from the pier that supports it. A torque transfer ring is provided to couple the drive cage support to the hoop gear. A plurality of support screws are employed to temporarily support the drive cage support on the drive housing during maintenance operations. With the drive cage support supported on the drive housing, the torque transfer ring may be removed, thereby providing unobstructed access to the hoop gear and bearings for maintenance or replacement. A maintenance platform is also described that is adapted to be temporarily supported by the drive cage support and to provide clearance for removal of the torque transfer ring and the hoop gear or bearing assembly.

Abstract: A floating aquatic plant water treatment system (31) utilizes a serpentine channel (36) defined by dividing walls (34). Floating plants (72) are distributed across the water surface by a floating grid structure (32). The grid structure (32) is preassembled into Z-fold bundles (88) which are towed onto the water and unfolded. The treatment system uses sprayers (62) to control growth conditions. Porous baffles (46) are placed along portions of the channel (36) to provide intimate contact with a larger portion of the water while allowing free flow.

Abstract: A process for purifying water, which comprises passing water contaminated with halogenated compounds through one or more fixed or fluidized bed reactors which are connected in series and packed with an adsorbent material which is inoculated with one or more microorganisms. The process results in almost complete elimination of the halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A filter device for use in the treatment of water to render it potable, which is of particular value in emergency situations, comprises exo-polysaccharide producing, gram-negative bacteria supported upon a water-permeable material which is non-toxic to microorganisms and to human beings, is resistant to temperatures within the range from -15.degree. C. to +65.degree. C., and is not readily biodegradable. The device may be freeze-dried to enable it to be stored until it is required for use and may then be reactivated by the addition of water. It may be used as the surface layer in a slow-sand filter.

Abstract: A waste liquid treatment system (10) includes an aeration chamber (10A) and a settling chamber (13). An aerator (11) is disposed within the aeration chamber (10A). A conduit (12) delivers liquid from the aeration chamber (10A) to the settling chamber (13). A gas pocket (P) is provided in the aerating chamber (10A), with at least a portion of the gas pocket (P) being situated beneath the liquid level line (L.sub.13) of the settling chamber (13). Conduits (18 and 19) are provided for delivering liquid from the settling chamber (13) to the aeration chamber (10A). The conduits (18 and 19) have respective outlets (24, 26) which empty into the gas pocket (P) at an elevation below the settling chamber liquid level line (L.sub.13). In one embodiment, a gas pocket (P) is provided in the interior of a tubular component (23) of the aerator (11). In another embodiment, a gas pocket (P') is provided beneath a concave hood (32) which traps gas bubbles (30) introduced into an aeration chamber (110A).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for dissolving oxygen comprising forming a liquid membrane of an oxygen-permeable liquid on a support layer made of a hydrophobic porous material, bringing one side of the liquid membrane into contact with an oxygen-containing gas and the other side with an aqueous liquor, and thereby dissolving oxygen in the aqueous liquor; a process for culturing cells in an oxygen-containing aqueous liquor obtained by the oxygen-dissolving process; and apparatus for practicing these processes. According to the present invention, oxygen can be dissolved in an aqueous liquor efficiently and economically, and aerobic cell-culturing can be stably effected even at a high cell concentration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for removing ammonia, organic amines and alkaline impurities from waste water which comprises using a partially spent ion exchange resin which no longer meets the purity requirements for the production of MTBE, washing the catalyst with water, contacting it with waste water for a an adequate period and removing the purified filtrate.

Abstract: A process for the removal of soluble selenium from aqueous media comprising contacting the aqueous media with a porous support material having exchanged thereon metal ions selected from transition metal ions, alkali earth metal ions and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method is provided of removing hydrocarbon pollutants from a surface of a body of water in a storm water filtration system containing an oil separation chamber including a removable top cover to provide access to the chamber for removing oil, a side wall with a storm water inlet, another side wall with a filtered storm water outlet in a region of the chamber lower than the inlet and an overflow storm water outlet located above the filtered storm water outlet. A porous container having an interior filled with oleophilic and substantially buoyant material is located upon the surface of the water in the oil separation chamber so that oil floating on the surface of the storm water in the chamber is adsorbed by the oleophilic and substantially buoyant material.

Abstract: A method for treating the sludge from industrial wastewater streams which contain soluble metals by adding to the sludge an effective amount of a metal complexing agent sufficient to inhibit leaching of the metal from the sludge solids into the environment. The metal complexing agents comprise diethylcarbamate, dimethyldithiocarbamate, and sodium trithiocarbonate or salts thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating stable, residual disinfectants during the ozonization of water, comprising the carrying out the ozonization of water in the presence of bromide ions and an effective amount of a hypobromite ion scavenger possessing imide and/or amide functionality that preferentially converts hypobromite ions to biocidal, ozone-stable derivatives thereof to thereby suppress the catalytic decomposition reaction of ozone with hypobromite ions. The methods and compositions of the present invention are useful for water disinfection and algae control, generally.

Abstract: An improvement in an apparatus for separating fluids or non-biotechnological products in solution, wherein said apparatus has a fibrous element which permits flow of fluids therethrough and is composed of irreversibly set non-graphitic carbonaceous fibers having an LOI greater than 40.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fibrous suspensions in the wood processing industry and more specifically to a so-called drum cylinder, the basic construction of which comprises a vessel, into which suspension being thickened is supplied and a wire-surface cylinder rotating in the vessel. The drum filter is characterized in that the closure member of the drum filter has a channel for leading gas from the filtrate tubes through the compartments of the distribution chamber to the outside of the closing member. The method is characterized in that the operation phase of the filter cylinder is divided into five separate stages. In the first stage, when the cylinder descends on to the vessel, air and the initial filtrate are discharged from the filtrate components and the formation of the pulp web on the wire surface begins. In the second stage, filtrate is discharged with vacuum and the formation of the pulp web continues.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising(a) a major amount of a base oil having a lubricant viscosity, and(b) a minor amount of, as an antioxidant/dispersant antiwear VI improver additive, a lubricant additive.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising:(a) a major amount of a base oil having a lubricant viscosity; and(b) a minor amount of, as an antioxidant/dispersant VI improver additive, a lubricant additive.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing the precipitation of metal sulfides from acid solutions are provided. The methods basically comprise reducing the precipitation of metal sulfide compounds from an aqueous acid solution when the solution dissolves sulfide and metal ions by combining at least one oxime with the acid solution in an amount whereby the oxime preferentially reacts with sulfide ions in the solution and thereby prevents the sulfide ions from reacting with metal ions therein.

Abstract: The present application provides heavy duty liquids in which enzyme stability is maintained without sacrificing peroxygen bleach stability. In one embodiment of the invention stability is provided using protein having a MW of from about 1,000 to about under 50,000. In a second embodiment, stability is provided using a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, adipic acid and salts thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous, bleach containing, liquid detergent compositions, which are stabilized against bleach decomposition due to contamination by transition metal traces are disclosed.The stabilizing effect is obtained by using specific diphosphonate compounds which are non-precipitating builders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved freezer bar soap comprising selected saturated C.sub.14 -C.sub.18 fatty acid soaps and lathering soap selected from lauric, oleic, and other minor selected more soluble soaps. The bars of this invention have improved mildness while maintaining acceptable lathering/sudsing characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved freezer bar soap comprising selected saturated C.sub.14 -C.sub.18 fatty acid soaps and lathering synthetic surfactant. The bars of this invention have reduced bathtub ring, as well as improved mildness while maintaining acceptable lathering/sudsing characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention includes a drain cleaning agent and a foaming agent. The foaming agent consists of a gas releasing compound and a surfactant or detergent. This mixture may be flushed into a drain or sewer line where it reacts with water to produce a large volume of foam which then will react with sewage deposits cause their breakdown and removal.

Abstract: The pourability of a substantially non-aqueous liquid detergent upon storage at low temperatures may be ascertained by incorporating into it a liquid nonionic surfactant blend essentially consisting of:(a) a narrow range linear chain alkyl ethoxylated alcohol containing an average of from about 5 to 7 ethylene oxide groups per molecule; and(b) an ethoxylated alcohol containing an average of from about 2 to 3 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, the weight ratio between (a) and (b) being in the range of from 9:1 to 1:9, whereby the average chain length ranges from 9 to 14 carbon atoms and the melting point of said blend is lower than 5.degree. C., preferably lower than 0.degree. C. This type of non-aqueous liquid detergent is particularly suitable for use in industrial washing machines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a moisture-scavenging composition including the compound: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is a methyl group, or a branched or straight chain alkyl or alkanol group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are, individually, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl or alkanol group, a cyclic alkyl or an aryl group; R.sub.5 is a methyl or methylol group, or a branched chain or straight chain alkyl or alkanol group; R.sub.7 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a straight chain or branched chain alkyl or alkanol group, a cyclic alkyl group, a carbonyl group or an aryl group, or R.sub.7 and R.sub.6 are fused together with the attached carbon to form an eight member bicyclic compound having the structure: ##STR2## wherein: R.sub.1 ' is a methyl group or a branched or straight chain alkyl or alkanol group; R.sub.2 ', R.sub.3 ', and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; rings A, B and C each independently represent trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or unsubstituted or fluoro-substituted 1,4-phenylene; R.sup.1 denotes 3E-alkenyl with 4 to 12 carbon atoms, 4-alkenyl with 5 to 12 carbon atoms or, when ring A represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, also 1E-alkenyl with 2 to 12 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, their manufacture as well as liquid crystalline mixtures which contain such compounds and their use for electro-optical purposes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (II) ##STR1## wherein R denotes a linear alkyl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, X denotes a single bond or an oxygen atom, K and L are independently 1 or 2, m is an integer of 5 to 7, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom,said compound having an antiferroelectric phase.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are optically active phenols of formula (V) which are useful as precursors for esters used in liquid crystalline crystalline mixtures: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 represents an optically active alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atoms; k represents a number of 0 or 1; n represents a number of 1 to 6.

Abstract: An optically active compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, ##STR2## is a 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene group, ##STR3## is a 1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, X is a mono-, di- or tri-fluoromethyl group, W is a straight or branched chain or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a straight or branched chain alkenylene group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, Y is a bond or --COO--, and Z is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a hydrogen atom, which is useful as a component of ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions or as a device utilizing said composition.

Abstract: Crystalline thermoplastic opaque polyester resins having substantial amounts of amorphous regions are disclosed. When fluorescent dyes are dispersed into these resins superior fluorescent pigments result.

Abstract: A single crystal scintillator and apparatus for prospecting underground strata using the scintillator is described. The single crystal scintillator is a cerium doped gadolinium silicate compound of the formula:Gd.sub.2-(x+y) Ln.sub.x Ce.sub.y SiO.sub.5wherein Ln is Sc, Tb, Lu, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb; 0.03.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.9; and 0.001.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.2.

Abstract: Methods are provided for inhibiting the corrosion of iron and iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems. Salicylaldoxime is added to cooling water systems to inhibit the corrosion of these metal surfaces.

Abstract: A resistor composition comprising a pyrochlore-related oxide a glass frit and, anorthite as a finely-divided filler. The resistor composition exhibits high tolerance in respect to firing temperatures. Thick film resistors obtained therefrom by firing on, for example, aluminum oxide substrates, have relatively uniform resistance values, even with inconsistent firing conditions, and have high stability of resistance following laser trimming.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electricity conducting material having magnetic properties constituted by an electronic conductive polymer in which are homogeneously dispersed permanent magnetic particles bonded chemically or physicochemically to the polymer or serving as a polymer dopant.This material can be prepared by the polymerizationa) of a monomer such as pyrrole in the presence of a colloidal suspension of charged magnetic particles, orb) a monomer such as pyrrole, chemically bonded to a magnetic particle.

Abstract: An aqueous based cleaner-degreaser for removing oleophilic petroleum oils and greases from metal and metal alloys, such as aluminum and zinc, and has been developed employing a mixture of a quaternary phosphate, a ketone, a primary amine, and surfactant and surfactant builders comprised of primarily ethoxylated alcohols. Further, the solution functions at a pH less than 10.5, and exhibits very low toxicity compared to solvent or basic cleaning solutions.

Abstract: A salt waste composed mainly of chlorides, which is generated from the step of a molten salt electrolytic purification in dry reprocessing of a spent metallic nuclear fuel, is reacted with boric acid at high temperature to convert the chlorides in the salt waste into oxides. The resulting oxides of the salt waste are easily vitrifiable, and a vitrification product is obtained by adding a vitrifying additive to the oxides, heat-melting the mixture to form a molten mixture and cooling the molten mixture.

Abstract: A method of molding an optical element in which a required amount of a resin material can be accurately supplied without air bubbles becoming entrapped in the resin material when it is supplied. The method includes a first step of making a tip of resin material supply means approach a molding surface until the tip is a predetermined distance away from the molding surface, a second step of discharging a predetermined amount of the resin material from the tip of the supply means while the tip of the supply means is the predetermined distance away from the molding surface, and a third step of discharging the resin material from the tip at a predetermined discharge rate, until a required amount of the resin has been supplied, while the tip of the supply means is moved in a direction away from the molding surface as the lower end of the resin material discharged from the tip is maintained in contact with the molding surface.

Abstract: An improved method for manufacturing hydrophilic polymeric devices wherein surfactants are added to the hydration bath to assist in the mold release and processing of hydrophilic polymeric devices, especially hydrophilic contact lenses.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing porous tubes made from carbon-carbon composite material by winding over a mandrel a non-woven sheet, made from a carbon fiber precursor, followed by compression and hot stabilisation of the assembly, with impregnation of the compressed sheet by a resin, followed by a thermal carbonisation treatment of the resin. Tubes are obtained having high permeability, small pore diameter and an inner surface of low rugosity. The tubes produced ar particularly suitable for the manufacture of filtration elements and of filtering membrane supports.

Abstract: A method for molding is disclosed in which a fluent molding material is flowed into a cavity of a mold, which is then shaped into a configuration defined by the mold. Control signals which are applied by operating a master controller to control the transfer of heat with respect to the molding material, in order to predeterminately control the temperature of the molding material as it flows into and is retained within the mold. The temperature of the molding material flowed into the cavity is sensed, and feedback signals are generated relating to the sensed temperature. The feedback signals are compared to reference signals indicative of a desired molding material temperature and a further control signal is generated which is applied to control the variables of the molding operation, including the temperature of the molding material.