Abstract: A method of forming a low profile brazing connection utilizes the heat from an exothermic or metallothermic reaction which takes place in a vessel having a wall of a thickness and material to radiate the heat of the reaction therethrough while nonetheless containing the reaction. The conductor or conductor lug has a flat surface and the apparatus in at least two embodiments provides for pressing the vessel and thus the flat surface against the conductor and the conductor in turn against the structure to which it is brazed. The vessel and its contents may be discarded after brazing.

Abstract: A fast food wrapper for hamburgers or the like is fashioned from a single square or diamond shaped sheet of paper, the food contacting surface of the blank coated with a food grade grease resistant composition. The blank is provided with a fold lines both parallel and orthogonal to an imaginary axis joining the top and bottom tips of the blank. These tips are provided with portions of latching elements. The side or lateral blank tips are folded towards the middle to form an expansion bellows along both of the sides and are adhesively tacked together. The bottom of the blank is folded upwardly and also adhesively tacked. In use, the hamburger is placed within the wrapper and the top of the wrapper folded over the hamburger and latched. The wrapper may be unfolded so as to function as a napkin or paper plate during eating.

Abstract: An exterior watch carton having a removable support insert is provided. The walls of the support insert align with the walls of the carton to form a reinforced carton. The support insert interlocks with the base of the carton so that the support insert may be removed. The support insert also changes the interior dimensions of the carton while not interfering with the external dimensions.

Abstract: A Network Management Control System for a multi-space building having individual space heating and cooling units in each space that ties the individual heating and cooling units together with a central computer which allows the remote computer to interrogate and overwrite parameters set at each local heating and cooling unit.

Abstract: A multiple temperature control system for a motor vehicle comprises a plurality of supplemental heat sources downstream from the air conditioner/heater unit which may be controlled to provide extra-heated air to either the driver position or the passenger position within the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: The dripper and mini-spray include an inlet and an outlet coupled to a housing which defines a substantially spherical or ellipsoidal chamber. The chamber houses a ball which can roll about the chamber freely, but which is too large to exit through either the inlet or outlet. The outlet includes a cradle which is formed with ridges and/or slots. The inlet of the dripper is horizontally attached to an irrigation line and with water pressure in the line the ball is forced against the cradle, effectively closing off the outlet, however some water is able to escape via openings formed by the ridges/slots. At the beginning of each irrigation cycle a small whirlpool is created in the chamber, pushing the ball about, which flushes out any debris which has accumulated in the chamber.

Abstract: A spray gun using high volume, low pressure air includes a liquid nozzle with a conical face and a coaxial liquid outlet therein and a housing having an air chamber of greater diameter than a diameter of said liquid nozzle, for providing atomizing air to an air cap, fitted to said air chamber. The air cap has a centered opening therein subtended by a radially expanding frusto-conical surface, for accepting the conical face of said liquid nozzle. Pattern adjusting outlets are provided for directing air in a direction towards the liquid nozzle axis. A distributor, disposed within said air chamber controls and releasably coupled to the air cap, in combination with said air cap, air flow to said pattern adjusting outlets from the air chamber. The distributor is coupled to the air cap, in a manner enabling rotational movement of said air cap to control air flow to said pattern adjusting outlet.

Abstract: An irrigation emitter unit is provided comprising an outer member of substantially cylindrical shape and having a tapering base portion with fluid flow coupling means; an inwardly directed peripherally flanged edge portion of the outer member; an inner member having a body portion of substantially cylindrical shape substantially sealingly fitted within the outer member and having a cover portion formed integrally therewith; a peripheral edge portion of the cover portion juxtaposed below the flanged edge portion of the outer member; an elongated groove formed in the cylindrical surface of the body portion; a cavity formed in the body portion and communicating at one end thereof with a fluid flow inlet; an inwardly directed flange formed integrally with the walls of the cavity; and a resiliently flexible membrane located within the unit.

Abstract: The method for treating materials in liquids involves passing them with the liquid through a processing gap formed by a flow passage whose walls are closely spaced and move relative to one another transversely to the direction of flow, thereby producing "supra-kolmogoroff" mixing eddies in the gap, and at the same time applying ultrasonic longitudinal pressure oscillations that reverberate between the two closely spaced surfaces into the gap transversely to the direction of flow from transducers mounted on one wall, thereby producing "sub-Kolmogoroff" mixing eddies therein. The method is capable of rapidly producing relatively thick slurries of sub-micrometer particles that otherwise can take several days in conventional high shear mixers and ball or sand mills, or of rapidly dissolving difficultly soluble gases and powders into liquids.

Abstract: Damaged or spent catalytic converters of the type having a metallic container for foil-shaped carriers of washcoats for catalysts of noble metal are recycled by admitting them into an impact pulverizer which forms a mixture of randomly distributed particles belonging to a first fraction containing dust-like particles of washcoats and catalyst or to a second fraction containing nonmagnetizable particles of containers and magnetizable particles of carriers. A high percentage of the first fraction is withdrawn from the pulverizer with an air stream which also entrains a percentage of the second fraction, primarily particles of carriers; such particles of carriers are separated from the stream in a first step and the particles of the first fraction are thereupon separated from the stream for admission into a collecting receptacle.

Abstract: A method and system for recycling waste materials enables the treatment of masses of waste including thermosetting plastics materials, high-melting thermoplastics materials, aluminum, wood, paper, fabrics, etc. The mass of waste is first subjected to a grinding process, preferably in two stages, to reduce it to a maximum particle size of the order of 10 mm. The granular material thus produced undergoes a heating and mixing process and is then reduced to sheet or strip form and simultaneously cooled in order to undergo a scraping or shaving process which leads to the formation of a mass substantially comparable to a powder with a particle size of between 50 and 1000 microns, including a certain quantity of fibres.

Abstract: Apparatus for grinding material which comprises a flow of ground material that contains both desirable fines and undesirable oversize particles in which a separator rotor is equipped with shaped blades that isokinetically separate out the oversize particles and centrifuges such particles out of the path of the flow of ground material and into a path for returning the oversize particles for further grinding. The centrifuging of the oversize particles reduces the drag in the flow of the ground material into the separator rotor, and that reduces the horsepower needed to establish the movement of the ground material at a rate that improves the efficiency of the apparatus. A variation of the foregoing develops pressurization of the material in the separator zone so that the oversize ground material is forced to return to be subjected to further grinding under the influence of a differential pressure in the apparatus while the acceptable material is subject to micron sizing in the rotor.

Abstract: A chipper/shredder having rotatably driven shredding mechanism including a frame rotatable about a central axis, which frame has a plurality of axially spaced disc-shaped supports mounted thereon for rotation therewith and a plurality of carriers extending between and secured to the supports at a radius from the axis of rotation with each carrier pivotally supporting a plurality of flails wherein the axial spacing between the flails is such that each flail on each carrier has a tip end which traces a path that is axially offset from the path of each other flail tip end.

Abstract: A bowden-cable window-lifter drive including a cable reel in a covered housing. The reel is provided at its end face with drive pins and a coupling component connected to it so as to rotate jointly with a crank bolt engaging between the drive pins. The drive is characterized in that the crank bolt and the coupling component are two separate parts which, in the fully assembled state, are joined by a serration or the like to rotate together. In a pre-assembled condition, only the cable reel, the coupling component and a braking spring are contained in the cable-reel housing. Following installation of the window lifter in the vehicle door, the crank bolt is inserted from the door inner wall into the drive until the serrations at the crank bolt and at the coupling component are aligned.

Abstract: A cable winding mechanism and method employ a cable reel having a hub portion having an axis of rotation and first, second and third sets of spokes extending radially outwardly from the hub portion, with the second spoke set located between the first and third spoke sets and defining therewith first and second winding gaps, respectively, for accommodating respective monospiral windings of a cable. A drive rotates the cable reel about the axis of rotation of the hub portion and a cable deflector guides cable into the first and second winding gaps during the winding of the cable on the reel. The second set of spokes is interrupted by a cross-over gap at which the cable can extend between the first and second winding gaps and the cable deflector is displaced, in timed relation to the rotation of the reel, so as to guide the cable alternately into the first and second winding gaps and through the cross-over gap.

Abstract: A winding shaft is described, having self-tensioning individual winding elements (6) for winding mandrels mounted on it in such a way that they can be driven, which include in each case in an annular groove (14) of each individual winding element a compliant tensioning means, the outside diameter of which is greater than the inside diameter of the winding mandrels. The winding means comprises a plurality of cylindrical-annular segments (2) arranged on the circumference of the individual winding element in the annular groove, the end faces (13) of which segments are beveled and are mounted radially displaceably on the inner face of the intermediate pieces (3), there being seated between the inside of the segments and the bottom of the annular groove a spring element, comprising either a leaf spring or a plurality of helical springs with ball thrust pieces.

Abstract: Device for splicing the trailing end or the cut off end of a first roll of web material with the starting end of a second roll of web material, the first and second roll having a winding core, whereby the web material pulled out from the first roll by a roller is transmittable to a starting end of the second roll of web material which is situated on a splicing table, where these are connected to each other, such that during rolling off web material from the first and second roll, and inside the web material of the first roll and near the nip between the first roll and a storage roll for this, the roller, which is pivotally hinged in a spring loaded arm is provided, such that the arm exerts a fit-up pressure on the web material of the first roll, whereby the breaking or the termination of the web material swings the roller in a direction off the first and second roll of web material whereby the end portion of the web is carried and transported to the splicing table provided between two stores for the first and

Abstract: A paper feeding device for a printer comprising a paper feed box for containing a paper roll. The device includes a bottom slanting to the front and a front wall defining the lower edge of a drawing outlet for unrolled paper portions of the roll. The paper roll freely contacts both of the bottom and the front wall. The paper feed box may be supported by a spring at the undersurface of the feed box capable of rising and falling. Slip guide means may be provided at a predetermined position above the paper feed box so that when the paper roll is placed in the paper feed box, the upper end of the paper roll is pressed to the guide means and unrolled paper is drawn from the roll around the guide means.

Abstract: A cord retraction device specifically adapted for use with window blinds is provided, having cord attachment member adapted to engage a cord loop to a take up spool, wherein the loop is free to slide through the attachment member when the cord is in the unretracted position.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for making a filament winding amenable to inside payout and having squared-off ends providing optimal volumetric efficiency. The filament crossovers are distributed so as to reduce crossover stacking in one or a few places which can interfere with winding and payout from the finished winding. A base wire layer is wrapped onto a mandrel over which a guide is nestingly wound with adjacent guide wire turns spaced apart. The filament first layer is wound nesting in the guide wire spaces, and subsequent filament layers accordingly formed. Each crossing filament turn has an advance in a crossing region substantially aligned with a crossover region in the underlying layer and which in one embodiment is one-half the winding pitch.

Abstract: A cartridge adaptor for converting a cartridge for use in a conventional video cassette machine. The adaptor has a motor to move tape connection structures onto the take-up reel prior to use in the videotape machine. The motor and associated mechanisms also return the tape to the cartridge at the conclusion of use.

Abstract: A tape cassette including a rib projecting upwardly from a bottom wall of a cassette case at a position between the center and one side of a tape drawing recess formed at the front of the cassette case, the rib being disposed close to the back surface of the tape, and a projection that projects from a back lid which, in a closed position, protects the back surface of the tape. When the back lid is rotated to reach an open position, the projection is kept in contact with an upper end of the rib. Accordingly, even when a part of the tape is lifted by the back lid during a lid opening operation, the tape is prevented from entering behind the rib, thereby also preventing tape jamming and damage to the tape player.

Abstract: A round producing apparatus for a spinning reel includes a sound producing piece in the form of a leaf spring attached to a disk mounted on a spool shaft, and an annular toothed element supported by a spool for acting on a distal end of the sound producing piece to produce a clicking sound. The sound producing piece is cantilevered and extends from the disk along directions of rotation of the spool. A coil spring acts as a one-way clutch for allowing the annular toothed element to rotate only in a line unwinding direction of the spool.

Abstract: A seeker circuit for homing missile guidance comprising a velocity memory loop and an acceleration memory loop. During the presence of an adequate target data signal, the guidance computer uses a command line-of-sight rate based on velocity components of the actual line-of-sight computed by the velocity memory loop. But, during the absence of an adequate target data signal, estimated line-of-sight rate components of the last actual line-of-sight rate computed by the acceleration memory loop are input to the guidance computer. Further, when the target data signal is fading in and out, a stabilizing means effectively stabilizes both loops.

Abstract: A gimbal mount for mounting a seeker for a large look angle comprises a base support frame for attachment to an airframe, a roll axis frame having a base and a pair of spaced apart forwardly positioned gimbal supports mounted for rotation about the roll axis of the frame, a pitch gimbal ring pivotally mounted on the roll axis frame for pivoting about a pitch axis, a yaw gimbal frame pivotally mounted for pivoting about a yaw axis on the pitch gimbal, a pitch drive motor and a yaw drive motor coaxially mounted directly on and coaxial of the roll axis frame, and a drive cable connecting the respective motors to the respective gimbals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shock absorber comprising a main body and a rod-piston, with the rod-piston being retracted when the landing gear is down and extended when the landing gear is up. The main body comprises, in succession, three chambers that are separated by associated partitions, and that comprise: a first hydraulic chamber in which the rod-piston slides freely; a chamber in which a separator piston slides, delimiting a second hydraulic chamber; and a chamber in which another piston slides, delimiting both a third hydraulic chamber and a chamber containing gas under high pressure. Communication means are provided between said chambers together with two associated electrically controlled valves enabling corresponding fluid connections to be selectively established.

Abstract: An airborne container for a liquid or other flowable material has bottom doors which are opened to release the material on the ground below the aircraft. To maintain a specified coverage level, a control system which includes a digital controller repeatedly calculates a differential pressure across the doors and varies the position of the doors to maintain a constant material flow rate as the differential pressure varies. The control system closes the doors when a specified volume of material has been spread.

Abstract: A bola body, a bola, and methods employing such bola bodies and bolas; in one aspect a bola body having a non-spherical body member from which extend one or more fingers for entanglement with a bola line, with each other, or for latching onto part of a target body.

Abstract: An attitude control device for a three-axis stabilized satellite in terrestrial orbit embodies an attitude sensing system adapted to deliver roll, yaw and pitch attitude signals, a set of at least three non-parallel axis momentum wheels and a set of at least two magnetic coils oriented at least approximately in two non-parallel directions in the roll/yaw plane. A primary control loop embodies a processor and controller connected between the attitude sensing system and the set of at least three momentum wheels. It is adapted to determine from attitude signals and attitude set point signals attitude correction signals for the momentum wheels so as to apply to the satellite primary attitude correction torques. A secondary control loop embodies a coil controller connected between the processor and controller, the set of at least three momentum wheels and the set of at least two magnetic coils.

Abstract: A manned space vehicle is described whose altitude control is achieved by constant drag compensation through the action of low level thrusters. The space vehicle include a low pressure electrolyzer that generates hydrogen and oxygen from water in a mass ratio of eight parts of oxygen to one part hydrogen. Oxygen and hydrogen from the electrolyzer are fed to the low level thrusters, with the oxygen proportion being reduced to limit thruster degradation. A life support system employs the excess oxygen from the electrolyzer and extracts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere of the vehicle. The extracted carbon dioxide is fed to the low level thrusters. The carbon dioxide enters into the combustion process with the oxygen and hydrogen, providing additional oxygen to the process and serving as a diluent to reduce the combustion temperature.

Abstract: An elongate spine plate is arranged to include a support block at its first end, with the support block having a first semi-cylindrical recess spaced from and parallel to a second semi-cylindrical recess to position and secure first and second cables. The spine plate includes an attached support housing at its second end, the support housing including a housing insert to secure the first cable in a coaxially aligned relationship relative to the support block.

Abstract: A medical support apparatus comprises an adjustable davit arm hingedly coupled near the top end of a mast extending vertically from a floor base or other support. The davit arm has an extension beam telescopically cooperating with a cylindrical cavity within the davit arm and a fixing means to secure the beam in longitudinal position. A cable attached to the davit arm and to the end of the beam with pulleys has on one end a gripping means for attaching to a medical apparatus, and on the other end a counterweight for counterbalancing the weight of the medical apparatus.

Abstract: A bolt-on, duplex circuit breaker having an external, integrally formed key member designed with a truncated pyramidal shape. The pyramidal shape is used to discourage tampering aimed at its removal. A panelboard into which bolt-on, duplex circuit breakers are mounted having mounting rails onto which the circuit breakers are disposed. The mounting rails have cooperating, key member accepting notches that act in conjunction with the key member integrally formed upon the circuit breaker for limiting the number of bolt-on, duplex circuit breakers that are insertable within the panelboard.

Abstract: An adjustable workstation for vehicles includes a mounting bracket, an upstanding support arm extending upward from the support bracket, and a planar working surface coupled to the support arm. The workstation includes a hinge means interconnecting the mounting bracket and the support arm, an extension means within the support arm for adjusting the height of the support arm, and a pivot means interconnecting the support arm and the working surface for positioning the working surface in a desired orientation. The hinge means, extension means, and pivot means form a combined adjustment means which allows the workstation to be readily adjusted so that the working surface is positioned in a desired location and orientation. The mounting bracket and the combined adjustment means also allow the workstation to be installed into and removed from a vehicle, and allows the workstation to be collapsed into a compact, transportable configuration.

Abstract: A container holder assembly (20) for use in a vehicle for support of an elongated container (22) in a substantially vertical orientation. The holder assembly (20) comprises a base (24) having a wall (28), and a substantially rigid retaining collar (26). The collar (26) is mounted to the base (24) and defines an opening (30) dimensioned to receive the container (22) therethrough. A flexible sleeve (32) is mounted to the collar (26) and extends around and downwardly from the collar (26) to define a passageway (34) which is formed to receive the container (22) when positioned through the opening (30). An elastic band (36) is mounted to one of the base (24) and the sleeve (32) and is positioned below the retaining collar (26). Further, the band (36) extends around the passageway (34) and is sufficiently resilient to substantially perimetrically and laterally support the container (22) about a midportion thereof.

Abstract: A support structure for a seat squab includes a scissor support assembly on a base element. The support assembly has two support assembly elements which are not positively connected together but simply bear against each other. One element has one end connected to a suspension spring and its other end pivotably mounted to the base element. The second support assembly element comprises first and second limb portions which are connected together by means of a connecting portion which bears loosely on the first support assembly element. The ends of the strip portions are pivotably mounted to the base element and the squab portion respectively.

Abstract: A molding apparatus including at least two mold parts movable relative to each other between an open position and a closed position, the mold parts defining, when in the closed position, a mold cavity having the shape of an object to be molded, and an expandable and contractible core member for molding the object with a zero-draft opening.

Abstract: A process for reducing the particle size of particulate crystalline energetic material such as HMX or RDX by slurrying the particulate energetic particles in an inert liquid wherein the liquid coats the surfaces of the particles and introducing the slurried energetic particles at a predetermined pressure into a Microfluidizer.RTM. high-pressure grinding chamber wherein high-pressure interparticle collision reduces the mean particle size of the energetic particles, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the energetic material.

Abstract: A workpiece-position detector used in combination with a workpiece having a face and with a support having a surface adapted to engage the workpiece face has an element at the surface formed with a passage having a mouth open generally at the surface and blockable by the face of the workpiece, a flexible hose connected to the passage of the element, and a feed line connected to the hose. A pump connected to the feed line supplies a gas under pressure to the hose so that the gas exits from the passage mouth when same is not blocked. A restriction is provided in the feed line and a pressure sensor in the feed line downstream of the restriction produces an output corresponding to pressure in the conduit so that when the mouth is blocked the pressure at the sensor is relatively high and when not blocked it is relatively low. A controller connected to the pressure sensor takes action when the pressure sensor detects the relatively low pressure.

Abstract: A sheet finisher apparatus includes a supporting device for supporting a stack of sheets; a stapler; a moving mechanism for moving the stapler between a clinching position for clinching the sheets on the supporting device by the stapler and a retracted position away from the clinching position; a clinching mechanism for effecting the stapling action of the stapler at the clinching position; and a drive transmitting device for effecting by one driving source movement of the stapler by the moving mechanism and a clinching operation by the clinching mechanism.

Abstract: A mail insertion machine (10) having an elongated insert track (12) with one or more insert dispensing devices (16) with rotary insert feeding mechanisms (22) for depositing inserts at longitudinally-space movable driving members (14) on the insert track includes a power train interconnected between the driving members and each insert dispensing device for driving them in a predetermined phase relationship with a phase-adjustment mechanism for adjusting the phase relationship.

Abstract: An adjustable structure wherein the rim is mounted directly to a center bracket and a slide through or under the backboard. A support bracket having vertical and horizontal walls with apertures in each wall to receive fasteners to mount the adjustable structure to single or dual, horizontal or vertical support struts and systems.

Abstract: A radial sliding-contact bearing for rotary rolls has a cylindric fixed inner portion (2), a sleeve (4) rotatable thereon, and a gap (6) between the sleeve and the inner portion intended for a water film which in operation forms a rotary bearing for the sleeve. On its peripheral surface the inner portion has recesses (8') for facilitating an even distribution of the water over the surface of the inner portion (2) in operation. The water is fed to the gap (6) through first and second longitudinal rows of nozzle openings (14, 16) in the peripheral surface of the inner portion (2), which are connected to a common water supply channel (18) in the inner of the inner portion.

Abstract: A bearing journal for a paper guide roller has a blind bore extending inwardly from an axial outer end. The blind bore carries cooperating clamping wedges which are slidable with respect to each other to thereby radially expand an annular clamping area of the bearing journal into engagement with a side wall of the printing press.

Abstract: A brush assembly for use by artists and others, which includes an elongated barrel with a brush at one end, and which includes an internal removable cartridge. The assembly is constructed to assure the controlled flow of writing fluid from the interior of the cartridge to the brush without excess fluid being fed to the brush, and to assure that there will be no flow of fluid to the brush when the brush assembly is not in use.

Abstract: Apparatus for spreading a fluid or like substance, for example, an emulsion for bonding bituminous coated material on the surface of a road including a mobile machine, at least one spreading bar along which the spreading is at least partially effected, and at least one ejection nozzle associated with the at least one spreading bar. A supply circuit supplying emulsion to the nozzle. The at least one nozzle is associated with a mechanism for controlling delivery of the emulsion and a mechanism for controlling positioning of the nozzle relative to the machine. Both of the mechanisms are operated simultaneously, in dependence on the movement of the mobile machine, in such a manner that the nozzle effects spraying by sequenced jets of the substance to continuously cover the surface which is to be spread. The machine provided with this apparatus is of the finisher type.

Abstract: A screw conveyor in which mixing and flow-directing paddles are selectively adjustable for use on a wide variety of materials having dissimilar flow characteristics. The adjustable paddles are advantageously applied to a screw, or auger, conveyor of an asphalt paving machine to convey a sufficient amount of unsegregated paving material beneath a center drive case or other problem distribution area.

Abstract: Compacted granular or stone columns are constructed in soil to increase the load-bearing capacities of the native soil. An elongated hollow tubular member is penetrated down into the soil to a predetermined depth and then the granular material or stone for constructing the column is fed down through this member and out the lower end thereof where it is then driven outwardly in a radial direction by an impeller which is exposed, at least in part, at the lower end of the tubular member, as the hollow tubular member is either penetrating or being withdrawn from the soil at a predetermined rate to thereby forceably compact this granular or stone material in a substantially radial direction to construct a stone column. Sufficient forces may be applied by the impeller to the granular or stone material to fracture the surrounding soil.

Abstract: A coolant pump system driven initially by an electric motor in-line with the pump shaft to the pump housing incorporates a ram air-assisted cooling system. The ram air-assisted cooling system includes an electric motor whose rotating shaft drives the primary fan member. A second fan member is located about and connected to the periphery of the primary fan member and is rotated by high velocity air streams purposefully directed at the secondary fan blades. The air which drives the secondary fan member is preferably gathered by one or more air inlet funnels. Typically, two air inlet funnels are equiangularly disposed adjacent the periphery of the secondary fan blade members so that a balanced current of air is swept across the secondary fan blades. A shroud extends over the secondary fan blade members to force the inlet air over the fan blade members.

Abstract: A multi-diaphragm metering pump having first and second diaphragms mounted in a body in substantially parallel relationship, wherein an open fluid communication path is provided within the body between adjacent sides of the diaphragms and wherein each diaphragm forms a sealed wall within the body. A diaphragm stem connects the diaphragms, such that movement of the first diaphragm will cause movement of the second diaphragm substantially in unison. A source of pressurized fluid is intermittently injected into and exhausted from a remote side of the first diaphragm, thereby causing cyclical movement of the two diaphragms, whereby a transient fluid may be pumped on the remote side of the second diaphragm by the cyclical movement. In a preferred embodiment, a sealed enclosure is formed between the two diaphragms.