Abstract: A fishing lure having a body portion and a separate head portion, provides for the ready removal and installation of the head upon the body. Several heads having different hydrodynamic characteristics may be provided with the lure, allowing the interchangeability of the different heads to suit the particular effect desired for the conditions; e. g., bottom running, surface running, oscillating "jitterbug," or turbulent "popper" action. The lure and heads include provision for locking the heads in alignment with the body, in order to insure that any markings and/or colorings on the head and body are aligned. Provision is also made for the ready removal and replacement of the hook(s) from the body portion, to allow the hooks to be sharpened or replaced as needed. At least the body portion is preferably formed of solid wood for buoyancy, but may be formed of synthetic (e. g., plastic) materials if desired.

Abstract: A collapsible crabpot structure having four generally rectangular side frames, with a V-shaped reinforcing structure extending across each side frame. Hinge structures at each of eight corners of the crabpot structure, each hinge structure having an outwardly located protective structure to prevent impact damage thereon from external impact forces, as well as preventing excess torsional or bending stress on the hinge members of an erect crabpot structure during use. The protective structures are formed at least in part by extensions of primary frame members.

Abstract: A rack for growing plants including a collapsible open frame having wire holes, through which a cord is inserted to set up a netting stretched in the collapsible open frame, and upright supports to support the collapsible open frame, each upright support having a forked top end terminated to a downward hook hooked in a hole on either corner on the collapsible open frame and an upward angle bar to support the collapsible open frame at either corner.

Abstract: A device for fine adjustment of sashes in a double-hung sash assembly of the type comprising four movable sashes linked two by two by a set of two cables located on each side of the window frame and supported by four pulleys. At least two pulleys, and preferably four, are operatively attached to a support slidably mounted in a vertical rail provided in a housing. Each support is moved by means of a screw for adjusting relative positions of sashes, each screw comprising an upper end abutting on or operatively attached to one of the supports, an intermediary portion meshed to an element integral with the housing and a lower end downwardly projecting from the housing and preferably operable with a screwdriver. It allows fine adjustment of the relative position of a pair of sashes linked together to thus allow them to close simultaneously.

Abstract: A device adapted for use in locking a window in closed position or in partially or fully open position which utilizes an elongated locking pin; and a flexible spiral shaped spring lying in a plane perpendicular to the direction of elongation of the pin. The spring has an inner end secured to the pin at a position intermediate the ends of the pin. The spring has an outer end with an opening therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to weatherstrips for vehicle closures and more particularly to a weatherstrip for providing a seal between a first window glass panel and a second window glass panel. More particularly, a weatherstrip is provided and includes a resilient base portion having an extending member and two legs adapted to engage a second window glass panel and a resilient lip portion integral with and extending from the base portion toward a first window glass panel. The resilient lip portion is forked, having a sealing lip and a longer lip attached to the base of the sealing lip, wherein the longer lip has a bulbed end portion. The resilient lip portion is also self-biased with its resilience toward the second window glass panel so that it is sealingly engageable with the first window glass panel.

Abstract: A door seal device capable of narrowing the width of the outer appearance of the door cutline seal so that it looks better and capable of preventing a noise generated at the outdoor side from entering the room whereby the room gets quiet. The door seal device according to the present invention comprises a door sash 30 having a protruding portion 33 which extends substantially perpendicularly relative to a door glass 21 and also extends to the outdoor side 15 over the upper end portion of the door glass 21, a protruding flange 35 provided on the protruding portion 33 which faces a body opening end edge 11, a reverse V-shaped protruding portion 51 attached to the protruding portion flange 35 for covering the tip end 34 of the protruding portion 33 and the protruding portion flange 35 and a main seal 60 which closely contacts the reverse V-shaped protruding portion 51 at the side of the body opening end edge 11.

Abstract: Grinding apparatus including a grinding disc for grinding a tool having tungsten carbide tips is disclosed, and a recirculating coolant system is provided with a magnetic separator for removing particles of tungsten carbide from the recirculating coolant. The magnetic separator includes an elongated, labyrinthine flowpath through which the coolant flows while the tungsten particles are separated from the coolant by a magnetic field.

Abstract: In a method for scraping off automatically an excessive portion of a workpiece by a cutting tool, a surface shape of the excessive portion of the workpiece is measured, a cross-sectional area variation of the excessive portion along a feed course in which the cutting tool will proceed during a cutting operation thereof is calculated from the measured surface shape of the excessive portion, and the excessive portion is scraped off in the feed course with a feed speed of the cutting tool which is changed in accordance with the calculated cross-sectional area variation of the excessive portion along the feed course, so that the larger the calculated cross-sectional area of the excessive portion is, the smaller the feed speed of the cutting tool is, and the smaller the calculated cross-sectional area of the excessive portion is, the larger the feed speed of the cutting tool is.

Abstract: A sharpening tool for pointed objects is described. The device is comprised of a cylindrical body with a hole extending part way through it from one end. A slot from the side of the cylindrical body intersects the hole near its bottom. A replaceable sharpening stone fits into the slot and is held in place by a retaining means. A shaft is attached to the end of the cylindrical member opposite the hole for attachment to a power source for rotating the device. An object to be sharpened is inserted into the hole and the device is rotated to sharpen the object.

Abstract: A seal assembly for a wafer grinding machine is mounted on a housing in which a grinding wheel is contained. The seal assembly is formed of a pair of flexible strips which are secured over an opening in a plate mounted on a housing enclosing the grinding wheel for sealingly engaging a respective planar surface of a wafer which is introduced through the opening by a rotatable chuck. The edges of the sealing strips define a V-shaped gap to ensure that the edges are disposed in biased relation against each other and against a wafer which passes between the strips. A tube provided with perforations is disposed to blow air to clear debris from the wafer.

Abstract: The machine for the superficial abrasive treatment of fabrics comprises means (B1, B2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11) for feeding the fabric (T) for treatment and for pressing said fabric against an abrasive means (29; 51) which exerts an abrasive action on said fabric. The abrasive means comprises one or more blocks (33, 34, 35, 36; 51) of a natural, artificial or synthetic cellular or honeycombed abrasive material; the relative velocity between the active surface of the abrasive means and the fabric is between 10 and 60 m/min.

Abstract: A device for sharpening a dental instrument has a housing with a clamp movably mounted on the housing. The clamp fixes a dental tool in a holding device at a predetermined position. The dental tool is then sharpened on a fixed, but rotatable sharpening stone. The precision sharpening device includes at least one vertically fixable tool holding mount, and at least one fixed holding post to permit the tool holding mount to rotate horizontally to the sharpening stone.

Abstract: A two honing process eliminates the need for subsequent brush honing at another location. The honing process which is accomplished with a single head uses rough honing stones or tools for the initial phase, and finishing tools of tightly compacted abrasive containing plastic monofilaments for the second phase. The phases may be contiguous, slightly spaced, or preferably overlap for up to about one-half of the rough honing phase. When the finishing honing tools are operating alone, the angle of movement of the tools is somewhat askew of the oil retaining ridges and grooves formed by the rough honing operation. With the process, the oil bearing surfaces have improvements in plateau finish and surface topography, avoid abrasive contamination caused by hard finishing tools, and obtain such improvements in a more economic manner.

Abstract: The apparatus is arranged to include an individual or a plurality of abutment members, having first plates mounting at their first ends a second plate for engagement of a roof edge or tile edge portion, wherein a second end of the first plate mounts an abutment plate extending orthogonally and laterally of the first plate in an orthogonal relationship to a reverse side relative to the first plate. A support plank is arranged for positioning to an adjacent of the abutment members to provide for abutment of debris that may be directed along the roof surface.

Abstract: A collapsible folding frame assembly for a collapsible folding vehicle barn including two collapsible folding frame units vertically disposed at two opposite sides, and a bridge frame unit connected between the two collapsible folding frame units at the top, each collapsible folding frame being consisted of a plurality of roller-supported upright tubes connected by folding cross frames, the bridge frame being consisted of a plurality of bridge frames, each bridge frame being consisted of two tubes connected by engaging a spring-supported pin on one tube into a pin hole on the other tube.

Abstract: A portable enclosure designed to be mounted in any desirable location and defined by a plurality of wall segments arranged in a vertically stacked array wherein each wall segment includes a plurality of wall panels interconnected to one another so as to partially surround and thereby define a vertically oriented interior of sufficient dimension and configuration to house a person in an upstanding position. Supplementary attachments including a hose bib and water supplying hose or like water source may be attached such that the person within the interior of the enclosure may take a shower. Anchor structures are provided to secure the enclosure to the ground or other applicable supporting surface. The various components of the enclosure assembly may be easily assembled and disassembled to facilitate storage and or transport.

Abstract: A multi-level cluster housing array held together by a skeletal framework formed of octahedron-tetrahedron components.

Abstract: A hyperbolic paraboloid roof structure which has in combination rectilinear panels (10) tangentially attached to a frame of beams (11) each of whose top surfaces (11a) is a semicircular arc or segment thereof. The panels are assembled from prefabricated rectilinear subpanels (13).

Abstract: An automated car park (10) is illustrated having a plurality of storage locations (21) arranged on a plurality of levels (42) and transportation means (53) for transporting the cars to or from selected storage locations (21). The transportation means (53) includes a pallet truck (57) which travels along guide rails (32) positioned on either side of an aisle (44) separating opposing rows of storage locations. A pallet dolly (56) supports a pallet (55) upon which a car (54) may be supported and enables a selected pallet to be transferred between storage locations (21) and the pallet truck (57). Lifting means are provided to lift the pallet truck between levels.

Abstract: A basement enclosure is provided with an outer shell which is constructed of a material impermeable to moisture and gas. The basement enclosure may be free standing or hung from beams which are supported by columns set on a conventional footer.

Abstract: A ridge peak roof ventilator comprising a pair of vent parts disposed on opposing sides of an opening in a roof peak, and a top panel disposed above and connecting each of the vent parts. The vent parts may be of unitary construction, folded from interconnected panels, or assembled from individual layers of sheet material, and each forms a multiplicity of air passages through which air flows from the interior to the exterior of the roof ventilator. The top panel is constructed from double-faced corrugated plastic having a pair of planar plies and a convoluted intermediate ply. The underside of the top panel is routed along the centerline to form a concave recessed area, thereby cutting away a section of one planar ply and part of the intermediate ply to form oval-shaped openings. Each opening has side walls traversing concave arcuate paths between a maximum height adjacent the side edges of the recessed area and a minimum height along the centerline.

Abstract: A panel assembly and method of manufacturing the panel assembly, especially adapted for use in vehicle panels, include locating a preformed gasket in a support fixture in a predetermined pattern to be bonded to a sheet-like panel. The gasket is formed from a polymeric material separately from the panel. The panel is of appropriate size and geometry to fit within a desired vehicle opening. At least one panel surface to receive the gasket is prepared by being primed with a bonding reagent. The panel and primer may be preheated before receiving the gasket to drive off remaining carriers/solvents and improve the bonding process. The panel and preset gasket are pressed together such that the securing flange is in intimate contact with the panel. Locator pins may be used to properly position the panel with respect to the gasket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sub-ceiling with a supporting framework in the form of a grid of insecting bearing rails (1), which is able to be suspended at points of intersection of the bearing rails (1), formed by the nodal elements (2), and the open regions (34) of which are able to be secured in an air-tight and dust-tight manner on the peripheral edges by insert members which may take the form of coffers, lighting elements, air-supply devices or air-outlet devices. The insert members rest in a sealing manner on a sealing means on the bearing rails (1), whereby in order to simplify manufacture, construction and assembly and to fulfill the requirements of clean-room conditions, the bearing rails (1) are attachable in an air-tight and dust-tight manner to the nodal elements (2), with the bearing rails (1) having angular supporting flanges (3) on their end walls (15) and the respective nodal element (2) has bearing surfaces (18) cooperating with the supporting flanges (3) to support the bearing rails (1).

Abstract: A lightweight steel/wood earthquake brace for existing or new residential garage front wall. In the preferred embodiment, folded sheet metal legs are bolted together to form a rigid L-bracket. Symmetrical L-brackets are bolted to the garage door wood header and to the concrete footing to stiffen the wall against wind or earthquake. In another embodiment the steel members are connected with protruding tabs and holes.

Abstract: A method of insulating buildings which include a plurality of support members with adjacent support members being spaced a predetermined maximum distance from each other. A plurality of stacked insulation panels (or an insulation roll) is provided with each insulation panel being formed by a panel of mineral wool insulation material having opposite longitudinal edges spaced a predetermined distance from each other at least equal to the predetermined maximum distance between the adjacent support members.

Abstract: In a machine for packaging rolls of household paper products, packs are restrained between groups of vertical teeth associated with a conveyor passing through a wrapping station, a folding station and a heat seal station; equipping the wrapping station with additional vertical teeth fixed to a support afforded by the machine which are positioned alongside and offset from the group of conveyor teeth remote from the folding station, at a distance from the remaining group of conveyor teeth less than the distance which separates the two groups of conveyor teeth, a tighter restraint can be applied as the rolls are enveloped initially in the relative sheet of wrapping film, whereupon the movement of the conveyor teeth beyond the station will allow the sheet to slacken, and the rolls to regain their normal shape.

Abstract: A vacuum processing machine and method are provided for use in assembling a vacuum insulation panel from a gas impermeable bag and a gas porous pouch filled with a microporous powder. The machine has a housing which is sealable in an air tight manner. A pair of substantially parallel plates are positioned within said housing. The housing is openable to receive the bag between the facing front sides of the plates. A vacuum source communicates with an interior of said housing to evacuate gases from said bag and pouch. Heat sealing apparatus are positioned within the housing for sealing an edge of said bag after evacuation of said gases from said bag and pouch. A nozzle for injecting a trace amount of helium at a pressure preferably below 1 mm Hg into the bag after evacuation of the gases and before sealing of the bag may be provided if desired.

Abstract: A pouch conditioner inverts a group of pouches, urges them together while conditioning the by vibrating them, reinverts them and deposits them into a confine container. Product is more evenly dispersed throughout the pouch, reducing the maximum pouch thickness and allowing packaging of a group of pouches in a smaller case than possible with pouches having product which is settled in the pouch bottom.

Abstract: It is often desired to again seal packages, consisting initially of foils hot-sealed with one another, after opening and partial removal of the content in the package in order to at least partially separate the remaining content in the package from the environment. A resealing area is provided for this purpose besides the hot-sealing area, with which the top and the bottom foil are connected to one another, which resealing area consists of individual closing elements which, fitting into each other, are provided in the two foils. The foils are not threadlike connected with one another in the resealing area. Rather dotlike closing elements exist, which also permit a small undercut. They are formed in matrixes without a top die, which matrixes are thereby subjected to an underpressure, whereas the other side of the foil is under an excess pressure. The deformation is thus brought about purely pneumatically.

Abstract: A packaging assembly for packaging a pre-measured quantity of products particularly irregular-shaped products such as potatoes into a bag or other container. The assembly includes a plurality of transfer conveyors mounted upon a turntable for transferring the pre-measured quantity of product to the bag. The conveyor allows the product to be slowly conveyed to the bag to avoid clogging of the product between the weighing station and the bag. Additionally, clogging is reduced by the sidewalls surrounding the conveyor being generally pyramid-shaped, facilitating the transfer of the product to the bag.

Abstract: An apparatus 10 for forming a coffee filter has a filter compartment 14 and a primary compartment 16. A filter roll 22 is unwound from the filter roll compartment 14 and fed into the primary compartment 16. Within the primary compartment 16 is a suspended floor 24 having an aperture 44, a pair of fingers 76 which indexes the filter paper across the aperture 44, and a plunger 116 having an outside dimension which is matingly received in the aperture 44 of the floor 24. The filter paper is conformably sized about the outside dimension of the plunger 116 when the filter paper is indexed to a position across the aperture 44 and the plunger 116 is moved through the aperture 44 in the floor 24. A clamp 119 is used to hold the filter paper against the floor 24. Upon travel of the plunger 116 through its stroke, a discrete coffee filter is formed and separated from the remainder of the filter roll 22 at the location where the clamp 119 is depressed against the filter roll 22.

Abstract: A mower shield is provided for rear engine driven riding lawn mowers which shield includes a top panel having a rear portion, a central portion, and a front portion, and is positionable to overhang the leading edge of the deck by connection to at least one supporting element. More specifically, the supporting element suspends a section of the top panel over the deck such that its rear portion generally extends across the deck substantially in contact therewith, while a section of the top panel and the front portion are suspended beyond the leading edge of the deck. The air currents established by this mower shield cause such grass clippings as are expelled forwardly from beneath the deck to enter the chamber defined by the mower shield and be redirected downwardly, away from the operator. Flexible rear and front portions of the top panel permit clearing of debris, while transparent central and front portions of the top panel permit inspection and increase visibility of the cutting path.

Abstract: A mowing cutter unit for a mower including a rotary cutter and a stationary cutter coaxially overlapped to each other, the rotary cutter is formed in an approximately polygonal shape in plan view and is formed with recessed cutting portions each being curved in an approximately doglegged shape toward the rotational direction at each vortex portion thereof; and the stationary cutter is formed with projecting cutting portions slidably contacted with respective recessed cutting portions of the rotary cutter on the peripheral edge in such a manner that it is shaped in a loosely circular arc from the cutting base to the cutting leading edge and a crossing angle at which the projecting cutting portion is rubbed with a grass pushing-out portion of the recessed cutting portion is larger than a crossing angle at which it is rubbed with a grass taking-in portion of the recessed cutting portion.

Abstract: Fiber optic filaments or ribbons are deflected by a system of sheaves to converge at final filament deflection sheaves which direct the filaments along the longitudinal direction of an assembly table. Successive sets of filament deflection sheaves stack the filaments into bundles which are separated by spacer elements which are likewise guided to the assembly table. Sensors at the final sheaves monitor the tensions in both the filaments and separators and a controller is used to adjust the tensions to compensate for frictional variations upstream of the final sheaves. The table is positioned at an angle to the machine axis so that the stacked filament bundles and separators can be wound about a rotating core by being drawn along the table by the rotating core for staggered and tangential application of the filaments about the core at the downstream end of the table.

Abstract: A spinning ring of a ring spinning machine has an inclined flange which is configured such that a travel surface at the inner surface of the spinning ring has a radius (R2) which amounts to about 25 mm. and which merges into a radius (R1) which, at the location of the smallest inner diameter of the spinning ring, amounts to at least 1 mm. A rim or bead at the travel portion of the spinning ring has a height (H) which at most is about one-half larger than the thickness (K) of the rim. Consequently, there can be used travellers having small outer dimensions, so that there can be selected a larger wire thickness of the traveller material. In this way, the service life of the traveller in the ring spinning machine is increased in relation to the prior art.

Abstract: A process for piecing a broken yarn on an open-end spinning device in which the fiber feed to the fiber collection surface, and which has been interrupted during stoppage of the open-end spinning device. The fiber feed is switched back on and is immediately brought to full production speed. In this process the combed-out state of the fiber tuft at the point in time of when fiber feed is switched back on is ascertained. The point in time when yarn draw off is switched back on and the speed of it are adapted to when the feeding of fibers to the fiber collection surface becoming effective. The yarn is subjected to a multi-phase acceleration. The first phase of the draw-off acceleration is adapted to the incorporation of fibers into the back-fed yarn end. At least one additional phase of the draw-off acceleration serves to reach and/or to maintain the desired fiber mass.

Abstract: After forming a package on a spindle from a roving fed to the spindle through a rotatable flyer finger, feed of the roving is stopped to arrest the flyer in a position with the finger anywhere on the package underneath the upper end of the last layer of turns formed on the package. The package is then lowered until the finger is above the upper end of the last layer of the turns formed on the package while the package is rotated in a reverse direction opposite to the forward direction without feeding more roving to the package. The package is rotated in the forward direction through at least one half revolution about the axis without feeding more roving to the package so as to form at least a partial loop of the roving around the package above the upper end of the last layer of the turns and then more roving is fed to the package while same is lowered until the finger is below the upper end of the last layer of the turns. Finally the package is raised to sever the roving upstream of the package.

Abstract: The apparatus for making a cable by roebling individual rectangular cross-sectioned strands includes two pressing elements, each of the pressing elements extending in a direction (y-axis) perpendicular to the conveying direction (z-direction), engaging different stacks from the top side and bottom side of the cable respectively and being displaceable in opposite directions in a timed reciprocating manner to move stacks toward each other; two nonrotatable pushing members, each of which being mounted on opposite lateral sides of the cable, being structured and positioned to be moveable in another direction (x-axis) perpendicular to and across the conveying direction (z-axis) to displace respective individual strands to adjacent stacks and to simultaneously bend them; a nonrotatable counterabutment member spaced along the conveying direction from each of said pushing members and being mounted to be moveable oppositely to the pushing member associated therewith; a device for adjusting, prior to roebling, a spacin

Abstract: The subject invention provides a new method for manufacturing yarns using recycled cotton waste and a new type of recycled cotton yarn. Various types of cotton waste materials such as manufacturing by-products and post-consumer material are used in conjunction with virgin yarns to produce recycled yarns of sufficient quality to be used for garment manufacture.

Abstract: A chain comprises an assembly of a plurality of links (1) each formed of an elongate C-shaped member having an opening (5) which is adapted to receive another link to enable the links to be looped together to form a chain, and a sleeve (6) on each link which serves to close the opening (5), the chain being assembled by sliding a sleeve (6) onto each link (1) after the link (1) is looped onto the preceding link of the chain.

Abstract: Undesirable high temperature gradients associated with inadequate mixing of dilution air with gases of combustion in turbines is avoided in a structure wherein dilution air is injected with a high degree of circumferential swirl through an opening (50) to the interior of an annular combustor (20) at the outlet (36) thereof which is connected to a turbine nozzle (46). The high circumferential swirl generates high "g" forces causing rapid penetration of the dilution air in the radial direction through the combustion air stream and the length of the path of the combined stream, and thus residence time and thoroughness of mixing, can be controlled through the use of a baffle (60) overlying the opening (50) to direct the dilution air countercurrently to the gases of combustion prior to introduction into the stream thereof.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an apparatus in a power plant having a combustion chamber for combustion of a fuel at overpressure, a turbine driven by generated combustion gases, a compressor driven by the turbine for compression of combustion air, a generator driven by the turbine and a gas conduit for transfer of combustion gases from the combustion chamber to the turbine, the apparatus including at least two start-up combustors located radially around the gas conduit, the start-up combustors being supplied upon the start-up with fuel and with combustion air from the compressor which in turn is rotated by the generator switched into motor operation. The start-up combustors deliver combustion gases to the turbine which, in turn, supplies power to the compressor.

Abstract: An annular gas turbine engine combustor includes additional axial primary airflow openings, formed as arcuately segmented openings on opposite sides of each of the airblast fuel nozzles of the combustor, for reducing overall combustor diameter while maintaining flame stabilization and avoiding unacceptable thermal variations in the combustion process.

Abstract: A hydrogen fuelled gas turbine which includes a combustion chamber having a steam inlet, an oxygen inlet, a hydrogen inlet, and an outlet. A compressor is provided. The steam inlet is connected to the compressor such that the compressor provides steam as a working fluid. The hydrogen inlet is connected to a source of hydrogen gas, whereby hydrogen gas serves as a fuel for combustion. The oxygen inlet is connected to a source of oxygen gas, whereby oxygen is supplied to oxidize the hydrogen fuel. An igniter is disposed within the combustion chamber whereby the hydrogen/oxygen mixture is explosively ignited. The products of combustion combine with the steam and rapidly expand out through the outlet of the combustion chamber. A turbine is provided having an inlet, an outlet and a rotatable member disposed in a flow path between the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: Apparatus for magnetically conditioning incoming air and fuel to an internal combustion engine to improve engine operation. The air and fuel, including diesel fuel, are subject to the lines of force from opposite poles of permanent magnets mounted on the air and fuel inlet lines. In another embodiment, to reduce unwanted emissions, the exhaust leading to the catalytic converter and the catalytic converter are subject to the magnetic fields from opposite poles of permanent magnets. Another embodiments provides for the use of magnets in furnaces to improve the efficiency and reduce unwanted emissions is such devices.

Abstract: An oxygen-sensor abnormality detecting device for detecting abnormalities in an Oz sensor for air-fuel ratio detection in an internal combustion engine. In exhaust passage 9, a converter 10 is installed which contains a three-way catalyst for removing three harmful components HC, CO, and NOx of automotive emission. In the catalytic converter 10, a catalyst temperature sensor 11 is installed which detects catalyst temperature of the converter. O.sub.2 sensors 12 and 13 are provided along the exhaust passage on the upstream side and the downstream side of the catalytic converter 10. For the O.sub.2 sensors 12 and 13, the heaters 12a and 13a are provided for promoting the activity of the O.sub.2 sensors 12 and 13. Control circuit 15 checks the catalyst temperature and compares output voltages of the Oz sensors with reference levels under an inactive temperature state of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine includes a catalyst installed in an exhaust conduit of an engine and constructed of zeolite carrying at least one kind of metal selected from transition metals and noble metals to reduce nitrogen oxides included in the exhaust gas from the engine under an oxidizing gas condition and in the presence of hydrocarbons. The system further includes means for repeating a cycle of cooling the catalyst and then stopping the cooling to allow the catalyst to rise in temperature so that the temperature rising courses of the catalyst are positively and repeatedly produced. Since the catalyst can show a higher nitrogen oxides reducing ability in the temperature rising course than in the temperature lowering course, the NOx purification rate is greatly improved due to the positive production of the temperature rising courses.

Abstract: A low thermal capacitance exhaust pipe has a plurality of sections connected by an expansion joint to relieve thermal stress.

Abstract: A fluid drive system in which a forged alloy steel impeller rotated by an input shaft at a constant speed drives a runner through a fluidic coupling, wherein selectively variable differential speed between the impeller and runner is produced by varying the amount of oil between the impeller and runner, wherein both the impeller and runner have radially extending vanes between them defining pockets between them with a bottom surface, the impeller is provided with reinforcing elements integral with the vanes, each reinforcing element spanning a pocket and being clear of the bottom surface. The runner can also be provided with such elements. In any case, the vanes and reinforcing elements are machined from a forged alloy steel billet, by a multi-axis Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) milling machine under three-dimensional control with specialized tooling.