Abstract: A pop-up tent structure is provided with a center height increasing portion which provides for stand-up height in a self erecting tent. The extra height is attained without sacrificing a conveniently small ground size, and yet provides for ease of assembly and a small storage configuration pop-up rods are provided in sleeves at the tents center portion. Pop-up air vents are also provided in the tent structure.

Abstract: An improved high volume, straight through, low turbulent flow pressure regulating valve is provided by utilizing a hallow cylindrical valve which is selectively and telescopically disposed over an aligned conforming biscuit around which biscuit and through which valve the fluid flows. The valve does not contact the biscuit so that valve chatter is impossible. Furthermore, the absence of a valve seat or other lip reduces the turbulence introduced into fluid flow within the valve body thereby also increasing flow volume capacity. Movement of the valve is controlled in response to pressure within the valve body by means of rolling diaphragm, which is fluidically communicated to the interior of the valve body. The diaphragm, which acts as a piston, is connected between the valve body and the valve member. Increased pressure within the valve acts against the diaphragm forcing the valve member over the biscuit to reduce flow and pressure. The diaphragm, acting as a piston, acts against a prebiased spring.

Abstract: A disc valve is linearly actuated to effect rotation of its sealing disc during opening and closing operations. Disc rotation is effected by creating unbalanced frictional forces between the sealing surfaces during valve operation. Rotation of the disc produces a lapping action that in the process medium renews and polishes the metal seating surfaces with each operation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a water-cooled casing for a hot-blast slide valve, in particular a slide valve in a pipe lined with refractory material. The casing has annular cooling-water ducts disposed concentrically with respect to each other in pairs, one downstream of the other with respect to the hot-air blast and on both sides of the space through which the sliding plate of the valve passes. The annular ducts are formed by two monobloc-construction casing components, each of which has two substantially annular hollows, the hollows being closed over by first and second annular components to form the ducts.

Abstract: A fluid-flow controlling apparatus having a fluid-flow stopping state and a fluid-flowing state, wherein the valve body can be held positively at a determined position thereby to prevent any fluid leaks even when the pressure of supplied fluid is increased, said apparatus is characterized by: valve casing connected to the end of a fluid-supplying tube and comprising a valve seat and a slidable valve body; a reciprocating arm which is restricted by means of stoppers in its movement vertical to the flow direction in said valve casing; a connecting plate for connecting said valve body and said reciprocating arm together, said connecting plate being located in a direction parallel to said flow direction in said fluid-flow stopping state; a link mechanism for connecting a float to said reciprocating arm.

Abstract: Plastic ball valve, with a spherical shut-off member which is provided with a passage and is rotatably accommodated in a cylindrical inner housing, and is coupled to a jack. The inner housing is accommodated in a cylindrical outer housing provided with two connection sockets. The shut-off member is retained in the inner housing by two annular retaining parts lying on either side of the shut-off member. Each retaining part is provided with one or more radially projecting and resilient hook ribs which are accommodated in a peripheral groove formed on the inside, and near one end of the inner housing. The outer housing consists of an essentially cylindrical intermediate housing to which an end flange of a cylindrical connection socket is fixed on either side.

Abstract: A surge relief apparatus for sensing, tracking and responding to pressure changes in a flow system to prevent damage caused by transient pressure changes in the flow system having one or more conduits with fluid. The surge relief apparatus comprising a transient pressure sensor, a pressure sensor, a regular and a valve. The transient pressure sensor is in communication with an upstream conduit and is responsive only to the fluid in the flow system for sensing transient pressure changes and for generating a first signal continuously proportional to the rate of change of the pressure. The pressure level sensor is in communication with an upstream conduit and is responsive only to the fluid in the flow system for sensing pressure changes in the flow system and for generating a second signal continuously proportional to the pressure level in the system.

Abstract: A pressure limiting valve with high flow rates, but in particular with a good adaptability to the respective conditions, is constructed so that the control piston and the valve piston are coordinated with separate valve cases, whereby these valve cases are connected to each other by way of a plug-in fitting which can be screwed into the valve case of the valve piston and has on the opposite side a standardized plug connection. In the center of this plug-in fitting is provided a center bore, so that the plug-in fitting which has a corresponding opening or blind hole on both sides permits the pressure medium to flow through. The blind hole in the valve piston itself is again connected via a through-bore to the compensation chamber on the opposite side, whereby the diameter of this through-bore is smaller than that of the blind hole of the control piston.

Abstract: A bi-directional cracking valve that can be selectively opened. Bi-directional cracking valve (10, 70) is formed using an elastomeric membrane (34). Centered within the elastomeric membrane is a slit (36) that remains closed, blocking fluid flow through the device until a differential pressure across the elastomeric membrane exceeds a predefined cracking pressure, sufficient to force fluid through the slit. The elastomeric membrane is an integral part of an elastomeric cylinder (28), which is mounted in a valve carrier (12). The valve carrier includes ports disposed at opposite ends and the ports are adapted to couple to tubing. An operator can selectively enable fluid flow through the device by squeezing side tabs (40, 42) disposed on opposite sides of the elastomeric membrane together, forcing the slit open. A latch (46) is provided to keep the bi-directional cracking valve in an open state.

Abstract: A pressure balanced three-way solenoid valve including a valve housing having a valve chamber and a high pressure fluid supply passage, high pressure fluid outlet passage and drain passage communicating with the valve chamber is disclosed. A movable valve member is reciprocally received in the valve chamber so as to be reciprocated between first and second positions for selectively fluidically communicating the outlet passage with either the supply passage or drain passage. A first valve seat is formed in the valve housing and concentrically disposed in the valve chamber for fluidic communication between the outlet passage and drain passage and a second valve seat is concentrically disposed in a cavity formed in the movable valve member for sealing communication between the supply passage and outlet passages.

Abstract: A self-sealing coupling comprising two coupling parts each having an obturating member which seals automatically when the coupling parts are disconnected, and a ring seal which mates in a fluid tight manner with the corresponding ring seal of the other coupling part when the coupling is engaged. One of the obturating members has a conical elastomeric face seal which is relaxed when the coupling is made and the two obturating members are displaced to one side of the mating ring seals for fluid flow. A tapering annular clearance is formed between the faces of the obturating members when the elastomeric face seal is in a natural relaxed state. The arrangement is such that the conical face seal is flattened by the thrust that reseats the two obturating members so that the tapering annular clearance between it and the flat face of the other obturating member is taken up and fluid between the obturating members is squeezed out to a location upstream of the ring seals.

Abstract: The disclosed vacuum valve device comprises a housing having a wall with a flat valve surface, a plate-like valve carriage having a cavity therein facing the valve surface, the wall having vacuum distribution ports therein, and a soft resilient rubber-like, plate-like valve member snugly received in the cavity and having vacuum distribution passages thereon. The valve member is slidable along the valve surface for selectively interconnecting the ports. The valve carriage has tractor elements in the form of pins thereon projecting into the cavity. The valve member has blind openings therein for receiving the pins to transmit driving forces between the carriage and the valve member. A keying pin is also formed on the carriage and is received in a uniquely located blind opening in the valve member. The pins have flat surfaces to provide passages for the escape of air that would otherwise be trapped in the openings by the pins.

Abstract: A body (1) is provided, having at least one conduit designed to be connected to a hot and/or cold water supply, and also a water outflow conduit (4). This body (1) receives a mechanism (2) for controlling the water flow and/or the temperature of the outflowing water. It comprises a cladding (12) surrounding the lateral outer surface of the body (1) and including a sleeve (13) provided with an axial channel (14) ending by a part of a connector (19) designed for fastening a spout.

Abstract: The profile of the valve stop of a discharge valve is configured such that the portion facing the free length of the valve member has a first fixed radius portion and a second, larger fixed radius portion. The first and second fixed radius portions are tangent at their transition.

Abstract: Thin metal adaptor rings fit over the elastomeric seal rings holding an orifice plate within a fitting. The thin metal rings have an inside diameter equal to the inside diameter of the pipe line and fitting. Therefore, the inside diameter is maintained without variations as previously resulted from protrusion or recess tolerances of the elastomeric seal rings. The seal ring is modified with notches to hold the thin metal adaptor rings in the desired position.

Abstract: A carbon fiber woven fabric which uses a flat carbon fiber yarn consisting of many carbon fibers as at least its warp or weft, its weaving method and weaving apparatus. The flat carbon fiber yarn is twist-free, the number of its carbon fibers being 6,000 to 36,000, the yarn size being 3,000 to 30,000 deniers, the yarn width being 4 to 16 mm, the yarn thickness being 0.07 to 0.6 mm, and the ratio of yarn width to yarn thickness being 20 to 150. In the carbon fiber woven fabric, the flat carbon fiber yarn has a yarn width of 4 to 16 mm, a yarn thickness of 0.07 to 0.6 mm, a ratio of yarn width to yarn thickness of 20 to 150, and a ratio of weaving yarn pitch to yarn width of 1.0 to 1.2, the thickness of the woven fabric being 0.1 to 0.6 mm, the weight of woven fabric being 90 to 500 g/m.sup.2 and the fiber density of woven fabric being 0.8 to 1.2 g/cm.sup.3. The woven fabric is woven by a weaving apparatus provided with at least a weft supply device or a warp supply device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor unit with leads extending therefrom is placed on a bottom packaging tray having a die-shaped upper surface. A top lubricating type film is used over the device 10 and below a punch unit that is used to bend the leads. A process of assembling the semiconductor device on a die type package is disclosed which includes placing the semiconductor device with leads on a packaging tray with upper lead-shaped baring surfaces, placing an anti-friction film sheet over the tray and over the device with its leads extending therefrom, and actuating a punch unit disposed above the film sheet, thereby forming or bending the leads and simultaneously using the die type tray for packaging the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting CO.sub.2 gas into a bottled liquid to carbonate or maintain carbonation in the liquid. A valved coupling having a conduit extending there through is screwably attached to a P.E.T. bottle substantially filled with liquid. The valve is depressed .while the bottle is squeezed to remove any excess air in the bottle. Regulated CO.sub.2 gas is then fed through a connector that is attached to the coupling to carbonate the liquid. Once carbonated, the connector is removed while the coupling remains in place to maintain carbonation.

Abstract: A small container is filled with a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen in a predetermined and precise concentration from a source of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen automatically, safely, and without the possibility of a human error. The empty weight is verified. Liquid oxygen is directed to vessel. When the mass of liquid oxygen is stabilized at a preset value, liquid flow is stopped. A second pipe is cooled using liquid nitrogen, by emptying through this pipe to the atmosphere liquid nitrogen. The vessel is filled with liquid nitrogen, until the vessel is full. The correct proportion of oxygen/nitrogen is controlled.

Abstract: An improved filling machine is used for filling like containers with a like measured amount of divided material. The filling machine includes a housing and a drive connected to the housing. A filling turret is mounted in the housing. The filling turret includes a filling tank with a rotatable floor connected to the drive. A plurality of measuring flasks is arranged in a circle in the rotatable floor. Each measuring flask includes an open ended measuring tube and a sleeve telescopically mounted on the tube. The measuring flasks receive divided material from the filling tank. A container support maintains the containers in a horizontal plane. A control selectively lowers and raises the sleeve relative to the respective tube as the containers move with the flasks to measure the amount of divided material to be delivered to the respective container and then deliver the measured divided material into the container.

Abstract: An improved router table for removably supporting a normally hand-held, portable router which enables precise angular cuts to safely be made on a workpiece without the need for special fixtures and with the workpiece remaining flat in the upper surface of the router table top. Such cuts can safely be made on a workpiece by simply angularly adjusting an angularly movable part of the apparatus table top relative to a stationary part thereof. A protractor scale is provided for accurately measuring and recording the angular position of the movable part of the table top. The device also includes a novel calibrated crossfeed mechanism which permits the cutter bit to be controllably fed toward and way from the workpiece.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for, in one continuous operation, receiving a slab sawn from a log, sensing the thickness of the slab and setting the apparatus to plane its upper and lower surfaces to produce a desired thickness slab which then is sawn into boards of desired width. The apparatus includes upper and lower planer heads, the upper of which is mounted on adjustable setworks for raising and lowering. At the infeed end of the apparatus a sensor determines the thickness of an entering slab and through control mechanism adjusts the space between the planer heads to plane the slab to a desired common board thickness which is the maximum available from the slab size. A bank of smooth cutting saws downstream from the planer heads saws the slab into smooth-sided boards.

Abstract: A machine for making staves includes a first section and a second section with each section including components for cutting one side of a blank in a manner inclined to the blank's lengthwise axis. Conveyors on each section are equipped with lugs for propelling the blanks with each lug having a foot to support a lug engaged end of the blank against laterally applied loads imparted by wheel members. Additionally supporting each of the conveyed blanks on each section is a fence on each section with the lug foot and the fence serving to maintain the blank in a skewed position to present a displaced side edge to a cutter head. The fence on the second section additionally supports the blank against lateral loads applied in an opposite direction by wheels biasing the blank into fence and lug engagement to skew in an opposition direction. A cutter head on the second section of the machine completes shaping of the blank by cutting a second side edge inclined to the stave's lengthwise axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sulfur cured rubber composition particularly suited for use in tire treads and carcass ply compounds. The sulfur cured rubber composition is composed of, based on 100 parts by weight of rubber, from about 5 to 95 parts by weight of epoxidized rubber; from about 5 to 85 parts of a silica filler; from about 0.5 to 8.5 parts by weight of a silica coupling agent; and 95 to 5 parts by weight of a rubber selected from the group consisting of medium vinyl polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubber, synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene, synthetic 3,4-polyisoprene, natural rubber, cis-polybutadiene, styrene-isoprene rubber, styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A belted radial tire has a belt composed of a breaker and a band, the breaker disposed radially outside a carcass and comprising at least two plies of cords inclined with respect to the tire equator so that the cords in each ply cross the cords in the next ply, the band disposed on the radially outside of the breaker and composed of a strip of rubberized parallel organic fiber cords which strip is wound spirally and continuously around the breaker from its one edge to the other edge, the number of the organic fiber cords in the strip being in the range of 10 to 25, the winding pitches of the strip changed in the axial direction of the tire so that the pitches are greater in a central region of the breaker than side regions, the pitches in the side regions being substantially a half of the strip width, and the pitches in the central region being not less than the strip width.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire for truck and bus comprises a carcass ply containing cords arranged substantially in a radial direction of the tire and a belt superimposed about said carcass ply and comprised of plural belt layers each containing steel cords arranged at a cord angle of 5.degree.-20.degree. with respect to an equator of the tire. In this case, the steel cord for the belt layer has a two-layer structure of a core comprised of two steel filaments and a single sheath comprised of 6-8 steel filaments and satisfies the particularly relationships on filament diameter, twisting pitch, bending rigidity, tensile strength and distance between adjoining cords.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for a two-wheeled vehicle, which includes a carcass having opposite end portions turned up axially outwardly around a pair of bead cores spaced apart from each other in the direction of the tire-rotating axis, a tread and a pair of sidewalls reinforced by the carcass, and a belt consisting of at least one belt layer arranged between the tread and the carcass, said carcass consisting of at least one carcass ply of organic fiber cords arranged at a constant angle of 75.degree. to 90.degree. relative to the tire equatorial plane. At least one belt layer is made of organic fiber cords arranged substantially in parallel with the tire equatorial plane, and after vulcanization an average tension of the cords of said at least one belt layer at the central portion of the tread at an elongation upon the respective cords being more than 10% is higher than that of the cords of the belt layer at the side edge portion of the tread at substantially the same elongation upon the respective cords.

Abstract: Motorized actuation device for a Venetian blind or the like placed inside an insulating glass frame including a first magnet, arranged inside the insulating glass frame and directly connected to the respective actuation system, and a second external magnet, the second magnet being associated with the translatory part of a kinematic system for converting the rotary motion into a translatory motion, and the kinematic system being connected to an actuation gearmotor.

Abstract: A self-contained drive mechanism for slatted blinds has a housing with spaced apart cylindrical bearings, and a pair of interfitting bushes disposed in the housing and supported on the cylindrical bearings, and with the connection between the bushes including a flexible torque limiting drive to prevent overloading the slat mechanism.

Abstract: A crucible 2 for holding a molten metal 1 is stored in a crucible chamber 5 which comprises a lid 3 and a chamber body 4 connected airtightly to each other. In the lid 3, there are provided an openable/closable molten metal supply opening 6 through which a cold metal charge is thrown in and a molten metal is received from a melting furnace, and a pipe-shaped stoke 7 which extends through the lid 3 and rises from the bottom portion of the crucible 2. The stoke 7 includes on the top end portion thereof a joint 9 which can be connected to a metal mold 8. To the crucible chamber 5, there are connected a pressure pipe 10 which is used to apply pressure to the crucible chamber 5 to thereby pour the molten metal to a metal mold, and an exhaust pipe 11 which is used to discharge the air of the crucible chamber 5 therefrom to thereby stop the pouring of the molten metal.

Abstract: A radiating device 10 includes a radiating plate 11 having a flat bottom surface 12 serving as a heat receiving surface, a top surface 13, and a column 14 . Column 14 includes a protruding base portion 15 integrally connected to top surface 13 of radiating plate 11 and extending so as to protrude upward, a pipe 16 inserted into a hole of protruding base portion 15, a fin 19 secured to the upper portion of pipe 16 and a working fluid 17 serving as head carrier introduced into pipe 16.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger such as a steam generator equipping a nuclear power station the secondary fluid is injected into the upper part of an annular space (30) formed between an outer envelope (10) and a bundle or core envelope (26) having a common vertical axis. Injection takes place by means of a supply pipe (44), which issues into an overflow or weir (62). The latter has an upper horizontal edge (64) from which the secondary fluid is discharged onto a deflecting wall (54). The secondary fluid flows along this wall towards the bottom of the annular space (30). A device (60) for trapping migrating bodies can also be placed in the overflow (62) or between the latter and the deflecting wall (54).

Abstract: The heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes 1, 1 . . . arranged in parallel, and a multiplicity of mesh-form fins 2, 2 . . . arranged parallel to axes of the tubes and joined to the heat transfer tubes 1, 1 . . . . Each of the heat transfer tubes 1 consists of a pair of tube component members 4, 4 of a half cylindrical configuration having, at their respective circumferential ends, joining flanges 4a, 4b extending along the axis of the tube. The opposed joining flanges 4a, 4b of the tube component members 4, 4 are joined together by being pressed against the fins 2, 2 from outer side thereof. This provides for improvement in operating efficiency in the process of assembling heat transfer tubes and mesh-form fins together.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus combinations for making a substantially horizontal water well completion for irrigation or commercial water supply purposes includes running a substantially vertical surface string of casing, running a bend section of casing that has been preformed to provide a bend angle of about 90.degree. in a straightened-out condition down through the surface section and allowing it to assume its bend condition below the lower end of the surface section, coupling the upper end of the bend section to the lower end of the surface section, running a water production section of casing through both the surface and bend sections and outward horizontally into the aquifer, and either coupling the inner end thereof to the outer end of the bend section, or extending the production section all the way to the surface. Unique coupling mechanisms, running and retrieving tools and other devices also are disclosed.

Abstract: A wellbore tool is provided to perform work in a wellbore by converting a chemical pressure source into a force exerted over a distance. The wellbore tool includes a pressure chamber sealed by a firing head and containing a power charge which includes a plurality of chemical components which are burned in a combustion reaction to generate gas. The combustion reaction of the power charge is initiated by a resistance heater which directly initiates the combustion reaction by receiving electrical energy and generating heat. The combustion reaction generates gas within the pressure chamber, the gas having a pressure which pushes a pressure responsive member into movement relative to the pressure chamber for providing a force over a distance to operate a downhole tool.

Abstract: A kelly spinner for a drilling rig and installation method are disclosed. The spinner is installed directly to a stem of the derrick swivel by means of an adjustable sleeve which fits around the swivel stem. A clamping device is tightened to secure the sleeve to the stem and the clamp to the sleeve. A ring gear bolted to the clamp body is rotated by dual hydraulic or pneumatic motors to rotate the spinner.

Abstract: A positive circulating valve with a retrievable standing valve therein. The valve is used with a packer positioned therebelow. The circulating valve comprises a housing with a mandrel slidably disposed therebetween. A J-slot controls movement between open and closed positions. When in the open position, mandrel ports in the mandrel are aligned with body ports in the housing so that bypassing and circulating may be carried out. The standing valve prevents fluid flow downwardly through the tool string below the circulating valve when the circulating valve is in the open position. When the circulating valve is in a closed position, the mandrel ports are in communication with a central opening through the housing, allowing fluid to be pumped downwardly through the circulating valve. The standing valve may be removed so that the circulating valve has a substantially unrestricted flow path therethrough for high flow rate fracturing jobs and the like.

Abstract: A subsea packer system for large diameter casings where an inflatable liner is connected in a string of casing and has an inner tubular drillable insert member with a longitudinal bypass passage. A string of tubing with a releasable running tool is connected to a casing well head on the casing for transport into a well bore and has an isolation seal member for closing off inflation ports which extend through the insert member to the inflatable packer. The bore of the insert member is sized to a bore diameter less than the bore diameter of the casing well head and is less than the diameter of the casing.

Abstract: A method for selectively affecting the permeability of reservoirs to enhance fluid flow therein includes placing a plurality of acoustical wave generator means in a patterned array with respect to the reservoir and energizing them to create acoustic nodes at targeted areas of the reservoir. The acoustic wave generator means can be located solely on the surface, only below surface or in combination above and below surface. The acoustic wave generator means can be selectively simultaneously or sequentially energized to create nodes at targeted areas of the reservoir.

Abstract: A wellhead isolation tool nipple seal testing apparatus includes an upper seal, upper nipple, and a lower seal and a lower nipple, the lower nipple being attached to the upper nipple. Test pressure forced between the upper and lower seals may be used to test the upper nipple up to well servicing pressures. The lower nipple may seal the well bore by being closed, or by the use of a mandrel carrying a seal on its lower end or with a burst disk.

Abstract: Expandable casing portions are provided, such as casing slip joints or expansion joints, on opposite sides of a fracture initiation location to accommodate casing and formation movement during fracturing of a well. The fracture initiation location provided by forming openings through the well casing and then forming fan-shaped slots in the formation surrounding the casing. These fan-shaped slots circumscribe an angle about the axis of the casing substantially greater than the angle circumscribed by the opening itself through which the slot was formed. These techniques are particularly applicable to fracturing of horizontal wells, but are also useful on vertical wells. The expansion joints formed as tubular members having alternating inner and outer annular grooves. In another embodiment, the expansion joints formed by tubular members defining alternating inner and outer spiral grooves therein.

Abstract: Improved mud additive compositions are provided which are especially formulated to control hole enlargement due to salt bed erosion during drilling, and to assist in solubilization of deposited salt during well operations. The compositions include a first ingredient such as sodium or potassium ferrocyanide and mixtures thereof, and a second ingredient such as the trisodium salt of nitrilotriacetic acid and alkali metal citrates. The first ingredient is generally present at a level of from about 50-95% by weight in the particulate, dilutable form of the invention, whereas the second ingredient is present at a level of from about 5-50% by weight. The compositions hereof may be added to drilling mud during drilling operations or to fresh water for removing salt depositions.

Abstract: A sprinkler system, for cooperation with an array of ceiling tiles, essentially features a mount of tiles including at least one with a central opening, a web disposed above the mount of tiles and including a central hub and legs extending therefrom to the corners of a frame with a dimensional profile like that of the tiles, a number of ceiling wires supporting the frame in spaced relation to a ceiling, a sprinkler head supported within the central hub and extending through the central opening, and apparatus for connecting the sprinkler head to a source of fluid. Preferably, the apparatus includes a rigid stationary water grid and supply and a flexible hose connecting the sprinkler head to the water grid and supply. Preferably, the flexible hose is an annealed stainless steel braid hose having an open pitch.

Abstract: A flame extinguishing apparatus cooperates with a flare boom conductor discharge port to vent a stream of combustible gas into the atmosphere. The apparatus includes a nozzle, positioned in and adjacent to the flare boom conductor gas discharge port, directing a shaped stream of a flame impeding fluid toward the discharge port. The fluid stream thus forms a gas penetrable quasi-barrier which extinguishes the flame and concurrently dilutes the vent gas.

Abstract: A plough frame designed to be hitched to a tractor and comprising at least one body which has a plough board and a single ploughshare for both the right and left ploughing directions, said frame consisting of a coupler head (1), hinged elements which swing relative to said head and include: a body support beam (5) provided with body support pivots (19), at least one bracket element (6) swiveling both around a point (3) with the head (1) and around a point (8) with the body support beam (5) so that this beam can pass either side of a line running through said points (3 and 8), and at least one activating device (16) for moving the body support beam (5) and allowing different ploughing widths to be achieved.

Abstract: A device for making sowing furrows in a lawn, provided with a mobile frame having a number of disc-like cutting members disposed adjacently of each other transversely of the direction of forward movement thereof and drivable round a horizontal shaft. According to the invention the cutting edge of each disc-like knife has a continually varying distance to the shaft of the knife, this such that the difference between the largest and smallest distance to the shaft of the knife lies in the order of magnitude of the cutting depth and the knife has one or more outward protruding lobes.

Abstract: A cutting-edge member for scraper blades having interlocking engagement with adjacent members, each cutting edge member being adjustable and reversible in a position relative to the other members. The interlocking engagement is achieved by the use of non-tapered, angled dove-tailed members spaced along each side of the cutting edge member and being separated by recesses, each dove-tailed member being of a size and shape the same as each of the recesses.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing soil in a subterranean earth situs. The apparatus includes a parallelogram spotter or positioning portion with a drilling table support portion connected thereto. A rotary drilling table is mounted on the drilling table support portion. Relative movement is provided between the support portion and the positioning portion in a plurality of planes. A pivotation portion is disposed between the support portion and the positioning portion and pivotally connected thereto. Hydraulic cylinders are provided to shift the apparatus about a vertical axis, to move the drilling table support portion in a longitudinal direction, to tilt the pivotation portion and support portion about a horizontal axis and to tip the support portion with respect to the pivotation portion about a longitudinal axis. A table elevation winch is mounted on the support portion and has a table elevation cable extending therefrom which is engaged with a pulley connected to the support portion.

Abstract: Improvements in down-hole mud actuated hammers are disclosed. According to its broadest aspect the invention is a down-hole mud actuated hammer for use in a drill string, which includes a housing with an upper end having means for connecting to the drill string. A throat is located within the housing which throat includes a main flow passage to allow high pressure drilling mud to pass therethrough. A piston is provided which is adapted to move axially within the housing means to thereby reciprocate between an up position and a down position. The piston is moved between the up and down position by a minor portion of the high pressure mud which portion passes from the main flow passage into at least one piston actuating chamber. This minor portion of mud is exhausted from the piston actuating chamber to a low pressure region out of the housing without being returned to the main flow passage.

Abstract: A flexible steering sub is disclosed for flexible drilling of horizontal oil and gas wells, horizontal storage wells, geothermal drilling for electric power generation; earth sciences study of and monitoring of earth movement with respect to fault movement; environmental science cleaning up of inaccessible polluted areas; coring to test rock strength prior to large scale constructions such as dams; introduction of chemicals for solution mining logging while drilling short radius well bores, and the like. The flexible sub comprises an elongated housing having a plurality of housing sections connectable at one end to an orientation sub for a PDM drill and connectable at the other end to a wire line connector. An electronics assembly including guidance directional guided sensors, directional probe and logging while drilling probe is positioned in a plurality of the housing sections, interconnected electrically, and connected at one end to the wire line connector.