Abstract: Latching elements are positioned to interface with removable components of a single head juice extractor. The latching elements are spring clips for holding an upper cup, a lower cup and an orifice tube in place during machine operation. The latching elements are designed to restrain the orifice tube of the juice extractor in situations where initial installation of the parts are imprecise.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus and method, particularly applicable to a brush bed conveyor system, by which objects, typically citrus fruit, are washed or sprayed. A moveable high pressure spray manifold is contained within a manifold carriage and is disposed within the conveyor chassis such that it is moved along above a brush bed by a conveyor chain. Separation bars extend from the conveyor chain to segregate the objects into queues retained within the spray pattern of the manifold. When the manifold reaches a predetermined end position, a release latch is decoupled from the separation bars to disconnect the separation bars and conveyor chain from the manifold carriage. The predetermined end position is sensed and the manifold carriage is quickly returned to its initial position by means of a selectively activated pneumatic piston assembly.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for weighing and breaking eggs, and a method for weighing and breaking eggs. The eggs are conveyed on a conveyor to an egg-weighing station, at which each egg is individually weighed. The weight of each egg is sent to a storage and processing device, where the weight values are summed to arrive at a total value for all eggs passing through the egg-weighing station. The eggs are then conveyed to an egg-breaking machine, which may also separate the contents of the eggs broken in the egg-breaking machine. The data in the processor can be used to accurately calculate the weight of eggs processed by the egg-breaking machine. In addition, this data can be used to calculate the yield of the machine, by comparing it with data regarding the weight of the shells of the broken eggs and the weight of the egg contents from the broken eggs.

Abstract: A paper web is passed through a calendering nip that is formed between a roll which has been provided with a soft face and a heatable hard roll. The heatable roll is heated so as to plasticize the surface layer of the paper web that is placed at the side of the heatable roll, preferably so that the temperature of the surface layer in the calendering nip exceeds the glass-transition temperatures of the polymers contained in the paper. Before entering into the calendering nip, the paper web is moistened, so as to lower the glass-transition temperatures of the polymers contained in the paper, and pre-heated. The pre-heating of the paper web is carried out by bringing the paper web into contact with the heatable roll before the web enters the calendering nip and by, before the calendering nip, feeding steam or water onto the face of the paper web that is placed at the side of the heatable roll so as to improve the transfer of heat from the hot roll to the paper web.

Abstract: An electropressing apparatus includes an electric motor driven through a motor driver circuit to operate a pressing ram through a rotational mechanism constructed to move the pressing ram in a vertical direction relative the workpiece. Various detecting and control arrangements are used to detect, memorize, set and change the following: an initial position of the pressing ram; an upper limit stop position of the pressing ram with respect to the workpiece; a lower limit stop position of the pressing ram immediately above the workpiece; a position at which the pressing ram starts to apply a pressure to the workpiece; and a terminal position at which the pressing ram stops to apply pressure to the workpiece.

Abstract: A runner for a shipping pallet is described which includes a sheet of paperboard folded to present spaced apart top and bottom walls, a pair of side walls and a central web running parallel to and between those side walls. The central web extends from the top wall to the bottom wall. The top wall and central web have cutout slots to receive braces made of paperboard. Each brace is formed from a multiply folded paperboard blank that has been slotted to form a block which mates with the central web of the runner when the block is inserted into one of the slots. Paperboard pallets are also described in which these runners are used in co-operation with paperboard decking sheets which may also have cut-outs to mate with the runners.

Abstract: A workpart transfer assembly (10) shuttles workpart stampings from a forming die (14, 16) of one stamping press (12) to a remotely spaced successive forming die (14, 16) in another stamping press (12) while the two stamping presses (12) cycle in unison. The assembly (10) includes a base (18) stationed in a clearance between the two stamping presses (12). A dual drive and dual rail transfer shuttle (26) slides on the base (18) between two oppositely extending cantilever positions. A carriage (44) slides along the transfer shuttle (26). A dual screw drive mechanism drives the transfer shuttle (26) on the base (18) while at the same time driving the carriage (44) along the transfer shuttle (26), thereby effecting highly accelerated movement of the carriage. A lift screw mechanism is carried on the carriage (44) for raising and lowering a slide plate (60) during the shuttling operation.

Abstract: The described machine comprises a cassette infeed conveyor; stamper means for stamping incoming cassettes with an identifying code; first collection means for receiving cassettes as they are removed from the infeed conveyor; and transfer means for transferring cassettes from the first collection means to a second transfer means for accumulating a plurality of rows of loaded cassettes.

Abstract: A mimeographic printing machine includes a flexible rotary cylindrical printing drum, a lower pusher roller, an inside pusher roller, inside pusher roller controller, and printing sheet conveyor. A stencil paper is wound on the outer surface of the flexible rotary cylindrical printing drum. The lower pusher roller is provided in parallel with the flexible rotary cylindrical printing drum with a predetermined space between the lower pusher roller and the flexible rotary cylindrical printing drum and inside the flexible rotary cylindrical printing drum. The inside pusher roller controller moves the inside pusher roller between a deformation position to push the flexible tubular wall radially outwardly thereby to deform the flexible tubular wall towards the lower pusher roller in the case of printing, and a steady position to release the flexible tubular wall from the deformation in the case of non-printing. The printing sheet conveyor moves the printing sheet from the sheet supplying section through the space.

Abstract: A printer system for printing a given pattern on a base board is described which includes a screen plate to be positioned above the base board. The screen plate has a perforated print pattern defined thereby. A printer proper is employed which includes an ink container chamber and an ink squeegeeing device. The ink squeegeeing device runs on the screen plate pressing the same against the baseboard while squeegeeing a given amount of viscous ink onto an upper surface of the screen plate. A cleaning device is employed for cleaning residual of ink left on an lower surface of the screen plate and an ink supplier is employed for feeding the ink container chamber of the printer proper with a fresh viscous ink when needed.

Abstract: A stamp unit includes a grip portion to be grasped by a hand, a stamp portion that is fixedly linked to the grip portion, a skirt member covering the outer peripheral side of the stamp side, and a protection cap that is freely detachably mounted on the stamp portion. The skirt member is upwardly and downwardly slidably supported. At its nonuse time, the lower end of the skirt member projects to a position lower than a print face portion of the stamp portion. However, by locating the stamp unit at a print position and pressing the grip portion, the skirt member is moved upwardly, and the print face portion of the stamp member is pressed against a print surface, whereby ink oozes out from the print face portion to perform the print operation. The stamp unit is further provided with plural engaging holes formed at the lower portion of the grip member and plural engaging pawls that are provided at the upper portion of the stamp member and elastically engaged with the respective engaging holes.

Abstract: A screen printing apparatus comprising a plurality of print stations arranged in a circle and an equal plurality of platens carrying objects to be printed by the print stations. Objects to be printed are placed on platens at a loading/unloading one of the stations and the platens are indexed around the circle of print stations for printing. A control unit controls the printing at the print stations and selectively inhibits printing at individual ones of the print stations. During start up, the control unit activates print stations, one at a time, in synchronism with the indexing of the platens. A skip mode is available in which printing at a given platen is inhibited by the control unit at each print station, when the given platen is at that print station. The control unit also successively inhibits print stations, one at a time, in synchronism with platen indexing to provide a controlled stop of the apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device, a system and a method for locating a printing screen at a selected starting position for printing operations and for resetting the screen to the starting position for its adjustment relative to an article. The device includes first and second centering plates disposed in overlapping relationship to one another. The plates are mounted to respective first and second moveable screen support members. At least one micro-adjuster is associated with each support member for effecting precise adjustment of the respective centering plates and, hence, the screen. A first micro-adjuster effects longitudinal movement of the first member and a second effects movement of the second member laterally. Thereby, planar movement of the screen and the associated centering plates is effected. The device also has an arm with an aperture for receiving and engaging a screen centering member. The member passes through the aperture and into engagement with a corresponding receptacle in the screen.

Abstract: A layer of ink containing a light absorbing heat generating substance is provided on the rear surface of a heat-sensitive plastic film of a thermal stencil sheet when the heat-sensitive plastic film is perforated by a laser beam. When a rotary stencil printer is used, a stencil sheet is mounted around a printing drum of the rotary stencil printer in a condition adhesively held by an ink layer, then a laser beam is irradiated to a portion of the stencil sheet to be perforated, and then the printing process is carried out with the stencil sheet as it has been mounted around the printing drum for the perforation.

Abstract: A sensor system (56) for measuring various parameters of a stench printer (10) includes a test fixture (58) having a plurality of sensors (64--64 and 68--68) arranged therein. The test fixture (58) is adapted for substitution with a conventional PWB (16) so as to underlie a stencil (26) of the printer to measure the forces on, and the proximity to, the stencil. The force and proximity information from the sensors (64--64 and 68--68) is coupled by an interface unit (70) to a control processor that processes the sensor information to indicate what stench printer parameters, if any, may need adjustment.

Abstract: In an applicator a thick coating of a liquid is applied to a flexible web that is then moved through a doctor assembly where excess liquid is scraped from the web. The doctor assembly has a generally stationary support at the station and a holder beam extending longitudinally substantially parallel to the web and transverse to a web travel direction. The beam is movable on the support transversely of itself and of the travel direction forward toward and backward away from the web and has a front face directed toward the web and an opposite back face turned away from the web. The support has front and back faces generally parallel to and respectively confronting the front and back faces of the holder beam. A doctor rod held in the holder beam is juxtaposable thereby with the web to scrape the excess liquid from the web. Front inflatable hoses are provided between the front faces of the holder beam and support and back inflatable hoses between the back faces of the holder beam and support.

Abstract: A paper guide for a web-fed rotary printing press with multiple color printing groups on several vertically spaced levels provides a path for the freshly printed multiple color web to air dry as it travels along the machine frame. The length of travel of the air drying path is a multiple of the spacing between adjacent plate cylinders in any of the levels in the printing machine.

Abstract: A paper guide for a web-fed rotary printing press which prints multiple colors on both sides of a paper web uses multiple color printing groups arranged in pairs on a plurality of vertically spaced levels. Separate air drying paths are provided for the web after it has been initially printed in multiple colors on one side and again after it has been printed in multiple colors on its other side. The length of these paths are a multiple of the spacing between plate cylinders in each of the levels of the printing machine.

Abstract: A device for actuating lateral sheet guides in accordance with respective sheet format widths to be processed includes an actuator disposed on an operating side of a rotary printing press for displacing a side stop transversely to the longitudinal direction of a sheet, the actuator being disposed so as to be visible and freely accessible on an operating side of a sheet pile, adjustable lateral sheet guides disposed in a feed region and a delivery region of the printing press, mutually cooperating tensioning devices form-lockingly connected to the actuator and to the lateral sheet guides and being simultaneously adjustable by the actuator in the feed region and in the delivery region symmetrically to a center of a printing unit of the printing press.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for conveying the size of a media to a printing system. The apparatus is constructed from a tray that has several receiving positions, one position for each size of media. A plurality of conductive strips are attached to the top of the tray. Additionally, the conductive strips are arranged to be in contact with the printing system when the tray is inserted in the printing system. An insulating label is placed over the conductive strips. The insulating label has a unique pattern of holes for each of the receiving positions in the tray. Finally there is a back-stop attached to the tray in one of the receiving positions. The back-stop attaches over the label and has connections on the bottom of the back-stop arranged to make electrical contact through the unique pattern of holes with the conductive strips.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of creating a seamless printing master for use with an embossing roll to ultimately produce a textured wall or floor covering. A hardenable material is applied to the textured surface of a positive printing master section. The positive printing master section is pressed onto the embossing roll and the hardenable material is allowed to cure to a hardened state. The positive printing master section is then removed to expose a negative printing master region which is the negative image of the pattern contained in the positive printing master section, imprinted in hardened material, and adhered to the embossing roll. The process is repeated, either reusing the original positive printing master section or using a different positive printing master section, overlapping positive printing master sections onto previously formed negative printing master regions until the entire outer surface of the embossing roll is covered.

Abstract: An arrangement for fastening a flexible printing plate on a form cylinder of a printing press. The form cylinder having at least one axially directed cavity with a first wall that terminates at an acute angle with an outer surface of the cylinder so as to form an edge on which a leading leg of the printing plate is supportable, and a second wall on which a trailing leg of the printing plate is contactable. A spindle is mounted in the cylinder cavity so as to be swivelable about a longitudinal axis. Additionally, a plurality of first and second plate-like springs are distributed along and fastened to the spindle so that the first springs press the leading plate leg against the first wall of the cavity and the second springs press the trailing plate leg against the second wall of the cavity, and so that swiveling of the spindle disengages the springs from the plate legs.

Abstract: A device for supplying and removing printing plates in a rotary printing press having a plate cylinder utilizes a storage container which has a printing plate supply compartment and a printing plate removal compartment. An undivided guide compartment is provided beneath the supply and removal compartments. Guide elements are placed at the mouths of the plate supply and removal compartments and direct the printing plates into and out of the appropriate compartments.

Abstract: A continuous web printing press (100) having a control system (202) for automatically identifying which one of a plurality of paper webs (108, 120) is running through which one of a plurality of compensators (146, 148) is provided. First and second marking devices (138, 140) apply reference marks (142, 144) on the respective webs (108, 120) to uniquely identify each web (108, 120). Preferably, the reference marks (142, 144) are comprised of a magnetized material, such as a magnetized label. A sensor (154, 156) is positioned at each of the compensators (146, 148) for sensing the reference marks (142, 144) located on the web (108, 120) running through the compensator (146, 148) to automatically identify which web (108, 120) is running through which compensator (146, 148). The marks (142, 144) on the web (108, 120) are preferably positioned on the webs (108, 120) to uniquely identify the webs (108, 120).

Abstract: An integral missile antenna-fuselage assembly (50) is provided for integration into an armament missile (12) which carries primary missile loads, houses internal electronic assemblies, provides mounting surface zones for external sensor antennas (71) , and protects sensitive antenna components from supersonic aerodynamic heating. Each end of the fuselage assembly (50) is formed from a fastener ring (52,54) having a circumferential recess (84,86) which receives a filament wound main structure (60) to form the missile fuselage tube. Preferably, a titanium liner (58) is first joined to each fastener ring with a step-lap joint (94,96) along which it is adhesively bonded. The liner (58) and adjacent fastener ring portions (52,57) provide a mandrel on which a graphite/Bismaleimide (BMI) resin pre-preg is filament wound and co-cured to form the integral fuselage (60).

Abstract: In well perforating operations, it is necessary to detonate shaped charges suspended in the well. To avoid dangerous detonation at the surface, a pressure responsive mechanism is set to respond to a pressure indicative of operation at a selected depth. This pressure setting arms the detonator in cooperation with an electrical arming mechanism operative in response to a selected current flow at a required voltage for a selected interval.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic inflator for an air bag includes a housing for containing gas generating material for inflating an air bag. The housing has a wall formed of rigid, porous material and serves both as a filter for entrapping contaminants from the gas that is generated within as the gas passes outward through the wall into the air bag and cools the gas by absorbing heat therefrom. Gas generating material and an ignition train is hermetically sealed in a bag or packet inside the porous housing which serves triple duty as a solid pyrotechnic container, a gas filter and a gas cooler.

Abstract: A track and rail-form slider combination includes a rail-form slider having a top surface, a bottom surface, and sides extending between the top surface and the bottom surface. Four corners are formed where the top surface meets the sides and the bottom surface meets the sides. A track is provided which includes a plurality of roller supports. At least four rollers are secured to each roller support. Each roller engages the rail-form slider solely at one of the corners.

Abstract: A tilting and sliding surface for use with a table or other work surface is received within an opening or space defined by the stationary surface of the table or work surface. A combination tilting and sliding mechanism mounts the movable surface to the stationary surface. The tilting and sliding mechanism includes a fixed bracket assembly mounted to the stationary surface, and a movable bracket assembly pivotably interconnected with the fixed bracket assembly and to which the movable surface is mounted. A sliding mechanism is interposed between the movable bracket assembly and the movable surface. A tilt lock mechanism selectively clamps the movable bracket assembly to the fixed bracket assembly in a desired pivoting position according to user requirements. The sliding mechanism includes lateral guide members fitted with bearings, which are received within channel structure defined by a slide member mounted to the underside of the movable surface.

Abstract: A modular pallet arrangement that includes an upper pallet section, with a plurality of grid-like upper units having downwardly facing, cup-like, upper connector elements, and a lower section, with a plurality of grid-like lower units having upwardly facing, cup-like lower connector elements adapted for telescoping engagement with connector elements of the upper units to provide interlocking relationship between, and support for, the upper pallet section units, and including a plurality of elongated, rigid, reinforcing members interconnecting portions of the lower section units.

Abstract: In order to be able to combine different types and sizes of tables with the help of as few as possible individual elements, it is proposed in connection with a table with a table top inserted into a frame that the frame consists of corner pieces each forming a corner frame, and of frame rails connecting two corner pieces each, where a removable table leg is associated with each corner piece, the table top is supported at least on one frame rail and the upper surface of the table top extends approximately flush with the top of the frame.

Abstract: The present invention is a foldable tray table of modular construction with readily replaceable and interchangeable plastic molded components which can be assembled by hand and include a tray having an underside with a pair of first legs and second legs connected thereto. The upper end of each first leg has a journal pin operatively adapted for being disposed and snap-fit between one pair of journal mounting brackets formed on the underside of the tray. When its journal pin is so disposed, each first leg is pivotal relative to the tray. The second legs are joined together at their upper ends by an integral locking bar. A pivot plug is formed intermediate the ends of and extending from one of each of the first legs and the second legs for interconnecting with a pivot hole formed intermediate the ends of and in the other of each of the first legs and the second legs.

Abstract: An ergonomic console for a computer workstation having a horizontally extendible shelf which is vertically adjustable in increments of height to provide a comfortable clearance for different size persons. The shelf is slidable in tracks at either end, and adjuster plates on the interior sides of the console include vertical slots with rearwardly extending notches at spaced intervals which receive bushings extending from either end portion of the tracks.

Abstract: A table having a worksurface mounted to and cantilevered forwardly from a pair of telescopic height-adjustable legs. Each leg includes an upper elongate tubular leg part which is fixed to the table top adjacent a rear corner thereof. This upper tubular leg part preferably projects upwardly at least a limited vertical extent above the upper surface of the top and terminates in a visible top cap. The upper leg part projects downwardly below the table top and is telescoped onto and around a lower elongate leg part which projects upwardly into the upper leg part. This lower leg part in turn has the lower end thereof fixed to a support foot which bears on a support surface such as a floor. A height-adjusting mechanism projects interiorly of and generally vertically between the upper and lower leg parts.

Abstract: A table includes a table top made of a light weight core covered with a washable coating or liner. The liner extends beyond the edges of the core to define a channel which receives finishing pieces which provide the table edge with a curved surface. A metal framework is received in channels in the bottom of the table surface. Leg receiving bosses are fixed to the framework. The table's legs are threadably secured to the table top via the bosses. This provides a table which is light weight and which may be shipped flat.

Abstract: A security cabinet comprises a body of a high-strength material and at least one burglary resistant lockable door. To make the inventive cabinet sufficiently burglary resistant for storing e.g. firearms, it is designed with one main element and at least one end element attached to one end of the main element, at least one display window with a glass panel of shock-proof, burglary resistant glass sheet material being stationarily mounted in the body of the main element, whereas the burglary resistant, lockable door of the cabinet is attached to the body of the end element and forms at least part of the corresponding end wall of the cabinet. The display window is mounted by being clamped between a circumferential frame made of a high-strength material and arranged on the outside of the body, and a circumferential, torsionally rigid frame section on the inside of the body. The frame engages the body outside, and the frame section is attached to the body inside to form a mounting groove for the glass panel.

Abstract: A solid particulate fuel/air burner has opposing fluted members within a rectangular conduit which in operation forms a nozzle. Splitter plates with the fluted members define passages through which a particulate solid fuel and air flow to a combustion chamber. The passages so defined provide and control separate streams of the mix such that flame retention at the exit of the conduit is achieved and reduced NOx is produced and the gathering of ash in the conduit avoided by the obviation of recirculation of the products of combustion into the conduit.

Abstract: A rim liner member attached to and covering the face of a gauge wheel rim adjacent a soil penetrating disk. The liner member has an exterior surface having a high lubricity which minimizes the build up of wet soil on the exterior surface. The entire liner member may be formed of low-friction polyethylene and it may be configured to conform to the face of the gauge wheel rims used by the manufacturers of planter, grain drills, and other soil working implements.

Abstract: A sewing machine having a blowing device which comprises an angularly constructed step, into which opens an opening from which a gas stream blows towards a curled edge of a workpiece for the purpose of uncurling the edge of the workpiece.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sewing the perimeter seam of an upholstered or trimmed article whereby the article is positioned upon a table having a planar sliding surface and a sewing machine located adjacent one side of the table. The table is variably adjustable at an incline between 0 and 90 degrees relative to horizontal so that when an article is placed on the planar surface, normal gravitational forces acting on the article force that article towards the sewing machine thereby facilitating the handling and introduction of the article to the sewing machine.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a self-launching superstructure for a vessel, the superstructure including: a floatable hull having a forward bottom portion sloping downwardly from near a waterline near a bow end of the superstructure to a point near a stern end of the superstructure; the forward bottom portion being engagable with a corresponding sloped floor on the vessel when the superstructure is mounted on the vessel, the sloped floor terminating at an edge of the vessel, such that the superstructure, under gravitational force, may slide from the vessel into water in which the vessel is floating; and apparatus to releasably secure the superstructure on the vessel with the forward bottom portion of the hull engaging the sloped floor.

Abstract: A hollow braid woven anchor rope having an elastic core, of tubular latex, occupies a major portion of rope length. Ends of the elastic core are secured to the rope proper by rings, one each, located on rope end segements. A snap assembly at one end of the rope facilitates attachment to an anchor. When not in use the elastic core collapses the rope to bunch the rope along the relaxed core. A method with a series of steps is disclosed for rope assembly by insertion of the core into the rope and securement of the core ends to end segments of the rope component.

Abstract: A small craft carrying device includes, a platform having two ends where one end is attached to the stern of a mother boat above the water line, a cradle attached to the other end of the platform in pivotal relationship so that the cradle can tilt towards and away from the mother boat, sling for attaching to the small craft, and power device for attaching to the sling for pulling the small craft onto the cradle and securing the small craft to the mother boat.

Abstract: The floating structure 1 includes a sheet held at a predetermined position by a column 2 which is positioned at the bottom of the water or a cable body 8 in which one end thereof is fixed to the bottom, and a levee wall which is projected from the water surface at a marginal portion. A rigid member can be fixed to the sheet for improving rigidity. Furthermore, a floating body for weakening the wave 70 can be installed at the marginal portion of the floating structure 1.

Abstract: A longitudinally extended float includes detachable longitudinal-side attachments for attaching to a substantially identical float. The attachments are connected to respective opposite first and second longitudinal sides of the floats. The attachments are made up of elongated profiles extending substantially parallel to respective opposite first and second sides of the float. Each of the profiles has a generally U-shaped cross-section with leg portions of unequal length, the unequal leg portions including a long leg and a short leg. The long leg is part of a back piece which is attached to a respective longitudinal side of the float, the long leg being connected to the short leg by a bottom portion of the U-shaped profile. The U-shaped profile has an open end opposite the bottom portion. The float attachments further include a fin adjacent the open end of the U-shaped profile which is substantially parallel to the bottom portion of the U-shaped profile.

Abstract: A method of attaching over the central passenger opening of a boat using interconnecting male and female snaps of a boat side gunnels and a cooperating canvas that typically has shrunk out-of-fit, the supplementing use of attached strips on opposite sides of the shrunken canvas area that extend the reach of snaps that otherwise cannot be interconnected, each strip having at opposite ends a male and female snap for this purpose, so that in attaching the canvas, its central location is maintained to obviate twisting and pulling stresses or the like in the canvas.

Abstract: A flag display device for mounting a flag or pennant to the exterior surface of a vehicle, such as a windshield, window, or roof includes a flag staff having a flag affixed at one end and an annular base member at the opposite end. A suction cup depends from the base member for securing the flag display device to the surface. The base member also has a plurality of flexible legs radially extending from the annular ring to the surface which engage the surface at individual, separate and distinctly spaced contact points adjacent an outer perimeter of the suction cup when the suction cup is depressed, so that a force applied to the flag staff is transferred to the surface through the individual leg contact points and the suction cup and the flag staff remains stable even when wind forces are applied to the flag and flag staff. The flag display device further includes a mounting member for securing the flag staff to the base member.

Abstract: A light reflecting traffic direction wand including a wand, the wand being positionable in a vertical orientation with an upper extent of an enlarged size and a lower extent of a reduced size, the upper extent and lower extent being formed in a curved configuration about a common vertical center of rotation, the upper extent being axially longer than the lower extent, the lateral extent of the upper extent being larger than the lateral extent of the lower extent; and a plurality of strips of reflective material secured to the interior surface of the upper and lower extent, such reflective material includes an upper strip located adjacent to the upper edge of the upper extent, an enlarged intermediate extent secured to the majority of the extent of the interior surface of the upper extent and a T-shaped member having its upper horizontal extent in the lower region of the upper extent and having its vertical component extent downwardly from the upper extent to the lower portion of the lower extent.

Abstract: A silicon single crystal for use as semiconductor is grown by supplying, to a seed rod of single-crystal silicon, hydrochloride gas and silicon formed by admixing at least one chlorosilane gas selected from the group consisting of dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane and tetrachlorosilane with hydrogen gas at a high temperature to grow single-crystal silicon on the seed rod while etching the growing single-crystal silicon with the hydrochloride gas. The silicon single crystal is irradiated with laser rays so that the energy of the laser rays on the irradiated surface of the crystal ranges from 3100 to 3358 mW/cm.sup.2 and then spectra emitted by the crystal are optoelectrically determined to quantify the ultratrace elements present in the silicon single crystal. Moreover, the amounts of these ultratrace elements are reduced to those of ultratrace elements present in the chlorosilane gas.

Abstract: An atomic layer epitaxy method uses an organometal consisting of a metal and an alkyl group and having a self-limiting mechanism. At least one bond between the metal and the alkyl group of the organometal is dissociated, and organometal molecules consisting of the metal and the alkyl group, and a hydride or organometal molecules consisting of a different metal are alternately supplied on a substrate while at least one bond is left, thereby growing an atomic layer on the substrate. An atomic layer epitaxy apparatus is also disclosed.