Abstract: A method and apparatus for conditioning and/or rinsing a pad in a chemical-mechanical polisher. A scoring apparatus is rotated about its center directly over the polishing pad of the chemical-mechanical polisher. The scoring apparatus scores the pad surface while rotating above the pad. Consequently the pad is conditioned in a uniform and concentric fashion.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a hollow component metallic sheets are diffusion bonded together except where a stop off pattern is applied to the surfaces of the sheets. A gas channel is accommodated in the thickness of the sheets for the entry of pressurised gas under superplastic forming conditions to produce the hollow component. The material defining the gas channel is locally deformed by forging to reduce the height of the gas channel in order that a subsequent fusion welding pass over the deformed area defining the gas channel hermetically seals the gas channel.

Abstract: A resistance welding electrode for supplying a current to metal workpieces to weld the workpieces to each other has an electrode matrix of a copper alloy and a plurality of members disposed in the electrode matrix and having portions exposed on a surface of a tip end of the electrode matrix. The members are made of a material having an electric conductivity different from that of the electrode matrix. The exposed portions of the members have a total area which is in the range of 40 to 82% of the entire area of the tip end of the electrode matrix.

Abstract: A probe station which comprises a base machine, a chuck mounted on the base machine to hold a device under test (DUT), a probe platen mounted on the base machine on which to mount probes for the device, a microscope mounted on the base machine having a field of view on the DUT on the chuck, and a single laser, mounted with the microscope. The single laser supplies an output beam in a plurality of wavelengths through the microscope optics on a beam line to the field of view of the microscope. The laser system includes a solid state laser, a harmonic generator coupled with the solid state laser, and switchable optics for selecting the wavelength of the output beam from among two or more selectable wavelengths. In addition, the laser system includes a variable attenuator, based on a unique half-wave plate, which operates for the plurality of wavelengths which are selectable as outputs in the infrared (1064 nanometers), in the green (532 nanometers), and in the ultraviolet (355 nanometers, or 266 nanometers).

Abstract: Steam plasma reactor incorporating an induction steam plasma torch where superheated steam is generated and passed through an induction coil or coils to generate high temperature steam plasma for conversion and disposal of waste products such as low level radioactive waste, energetics, such as solid rocket propellants, liquid rocket fuel, chemical agents such as nerve gas, industrial waste such as paint sludge, hazardous chemical waste, medical waste and other general wastes in a downstream conversion reactor referred to as a plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for remotely positioning a probe, such as an examination or repair probe, in a tubular member. The tubular member may be a nuclear steam generator heat transfer tube to be examined or repaired by the probe. The probe is connected to a conduit which supports the probe as the probe advances along the inner diameter of the tube to the location of the tube requiring examination or repair. The conduit has a portion thereof wound about a take-up reel. As the probe and conduit advance in the tube, it unwinds from about the take-up reel. However, as the conduit unwinds from about the take-up reel, it may tend to develop a "kinked", twisted or contorted region therein inducing torsional stress in the conduit. Such torsional stress may be severe enough to break the conduit. The apparatus of the invention includes a gripper capable of gripping the conduit and also includes a rotator connected to the gripper for rotating both the gripper and the conduit gripped thereby.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for separating book covers or other items joined by a continuously moving web. A double-walled tubular attachment strip is adhesively attached to the spine portion of successive spaced covers in a continuous process. Covers are fed onto a conveyor at a constant speed with a spacing between covers and adhesive is applied to the spine areas. Simultaneously a continuous double-walled attachment strip is formed and pressed onto the cover spines to form a continuous string of covers. The attachment strip is cut by laser cutting beam between each cover while the covers are moving by moving a focussed cutting beam in a plane normal to the plane of the strip transversely to the direction of movement of the strip.

Abstract: An arc welding power source comprises a pair of rectifiers connected in parallel with each of double star connection three phase rectifying circuits and a capacitor connected in parallel with the entire rectifying circuit without a DC reactor. As a result, the arc welding power source can supply stable welding current having a smooth waveform and enough short circuit current.

Abstract: A gas cooled arc welding torch has inner and outer metal heat transfer sleeves disposed in telescoped relation and defining a longitudinally extending gas channel therebetween and having a welding tip at one end thereof supported by the inner heat transfer sleeve in heat transfer relationship and enveloped in gas flowing through the gas channel.

Abstract: A sensor probe and sensor detection circuit used in an electronic temperature control circuit for preventing the control circuit from driving an external device such as a heater when the sensor probe has been disconnected from the control circuit. The sensor probe includes an NTC thermistor and a limiting resistor that are connected in parallel and potted in epoxy. The thermistor and limiting resistor of the sensor probe form part of a lower leg of a voltage divider in the control circuit. The sensor detection circuit compares the voltage signal generated by the sensor voltage divider to a predetermined threshold or ceiling voltage value. During normal operation, when the sensor probe is attached to the control circuit, the resistance of the sensor probe insures that the voltage signal from the sensor voltage divider remains within a predetermined voltage range and does not exceed the predetermined ceiling voltage value.

Abstract: Electrical heating elements operable at high temperatures for long periods are produced by a method involving micropyretic synthesis. Compositions subjected to micropyretic synthesis comprises a powdery mass of electrically conductive and semiconductive material, a reactive system, a grain growth inhibitor and a plasticizer or extrusion agent.

Abstract: A device and method for microwave heating of premoistened fabric sheets held within a microwave heatable container, the container retaining heat and moisture over a period of time is provided. The microwave heatable container comprises: a microwavable housing having a top border defining an upper opening, an exterior surface, and an interior surface; a microwave heatable liner in connection with the interior surface of the housing, the liner defining a cavity within the housing for disposing premoistened fabric sheets; and a lid having a bottom surface for closing the upper opening of the housing.

Abstract: A substrate for use in semiconductor devices, fabricated of silicon carbide and having a resistivity of greater than 1500 Ohm-cm. The substrate being characterized as having deep level impurities incorporated therein, wherein the deep level elemental impurity comprises one of a selected heavy metal, hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine. The selected heavy metal being a metal found in periodic groups IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB and IIB.

Abstract: Two-component polyurethane sealants, in particular for the direct glazing of motor vehicles, comprising (A) a pasty polyurethane component containing a polyurethane prepolymer having free isocyanate groups, and a curing agent, and (B) a pasty water-containing component, component (A) containing a blocked curing agent which can be liberated by water, and component (B) containing the water, reversibly bonded to a carrier substance which liberates the watering a delayed manner after components (A) and (B) have been mixed.

Abstract: Multiplex addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal devices containing liquid crystal mixtures composed of components A, B and C. Component A consists of one or more optically active compounds capable of imparting a spontaneous polarization to the material. Component B is a compound or compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent straight or branched chain C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 alkyl or alkoxy groups, a, b and c are independently 0, 1 or 2 and the total of a+b+c is not greater than 4. Component C is selected from a range of liquid crystal components.

Abstract: The invention provides a phosphor excited by infrared rays to emit infrared rays which has a nonacicular particle shape and a particle size of 4 .mu.m or smaller after being synthesized. The phosphor preferably comprises an oxoacid salt-containing compound including at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nd, Yb and Er. The invention further provides a material having a latent image pattern comprising said phosphor and an optical reading system which use the material having a latent image pattern.

Abstract: An aluminate phosphor comprising (a) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, (b) Eu, (c) Mg and/or Zn, (d) optionally Mn and (e) Al, said aluminate phosphor comprising a crystalline inorganic compound which shows, in its powder X-ray diffraction pattern upon incidence of X-rays of CuK.alpha..sub.1, no peak at Miller index 008 independent of a diffraction peak at Miller index 110.

Abstract: The delayed fluorescence observable with tantalate phosphors is decreased by the use of a flux composition consisting essentially of 2-95% by weight KCl, 5-98% by weight of at least one lithium salt chosen from a group consisting of LiCl and Li.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and 0-50% by weight of SrCl.sub.2.

Abstract: A process for producing a manganese activated zinc orthosilicate phosphor. An aqueous dispersion is prepared including fumed silica having an ultrafine average particle size of less than 50 nm, a zinc precursor, and a manganese precursor. The molar ratio of zinc:silicon in the dispersion is approximately 1.3:1 to 2.0:1, and the molar ratio of manganese in the dispersion is sufficient to activate the phosphor. The precipitate from the dispersion is calcined in an inert atmosphere at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a manganese activated zinc silicate phosphor having a broad band emission peaking in the green region of the visible spectrum when stimulated by external radiation at approximately 254 nm. The calcined phosphor may be milled to achieve an average particle size of less than 5 .mu.m, the milling step being performed without significant loss of plaque brightness. Also disclosed is a green emitting manganese activated zinc silicate phosphor having an average particle size of less than 5 .

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the process and apparatus for compounding and pelletizing of chemical foaming agents in a high melt resin carrier and producing unique, uniform encapsulated and pelletized chemical foaming concentrates. More specifically, the present invention is directed to the compounding, encapsulating and pelletizing in a high melt resin carrier a highly loaded concentration (5 to 70 wt %) of foaming agents which include an endothermic foaming agent, an exothermic foaming agent or hybrid combinations of these two such that when incorporated into a thermoplastic resin to produce a foamed product will chemically react to form carbon dioxide, nitrogen or hydrogen or mixtures thereof as the active foaming gas.

Abstract: The invention is a method for reducing halide content of a synthesis gas stream by mixing a metal compound of potassium oxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium oxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium carbonate, with a carbonaceous feed material which contains halide-containing compounds; gasifying the carbonaceous feed material in an entrained flow gasifier under gasifying conditions thus producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; where the metal compound vaporizes and the vaporized metal compound reacts with the halide from the halide-containing compounds, thus producing a vaporized metal halide; cooling the vaporized metal halide, thus producing solid metal halide particles; passing the synthesis gas stream to a solids removal unit for removing the solid metal halide particles; and recovering the synthesis gas stream substantially free of halide-containing compounds.

Abstract: A composite that includes a reaction injection molded matrix into which carbon fibrils have been incorporated, and a molding composition suitable for preparing such a composite. The invention also features a composite that includes a premix in which carbon fibrils have been incorporated into a resin matrix, and the molded product of the premix.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plastic optical filter which has a combined optical function that it has an effect of effectively blocking or attenuating rays in the wavelength range of a near infrared region and excellent luminosity factor-compensating ability and is provided with an optical low-pass filtering function, and is low in specific gravity and hygroscopicity, free from devitrification with time and easy to conduct its processing or machining and polishing treatment.This plastic optical filter includes a filter base formed of a plastic material comprising a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer represented by the following formula I:PO(OH).sub.n R.sub.3-n Iwherein R means a polymerizable functional group represented by the following formula II:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CXCOO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic solutions and devices manufactured therefrom. More precisely, the invention relates to electrochemichromic solutions, and those devices manufactured with the same, that demonstrate superior responsiveness to those solutions known heretofore when an applied potential is introduced thereto. That is, the responsiveness observed in terms of solution coloring is of a greater rapidity, intensity and uniformity than those electrochemichromic solutions of the prior art. Preparation of these solutions involve the novel process of pre-treating at least one of the electrochemichromic compounds with a redox agent prior to placing it in contact with the other electrochemichromic compound. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods of preparing such novel solutions and processes for using these solutions to provide devices that exhibit and benefit from the aforementioned superior characteristics.

Abstract: A combination evaporative/warm mist humidifier comprises a base having an evaporative cavity and a warm mist cavity disposed therein for retaining a liquid. A lower supply portion of a wick element is disposed within the evaporative cavity and an upper evaporative portion is disposed thereabove. The wick element is adapted to provide liquid flow by capillary action from the lower supply portion to the upper evaporative portion. A housing having an evaporative chamber and a warm mist chamber is removably mounted on the base. The evaporative chamber is disposed above the evaporative cavity and is adapted to receive the upper evaporative portion of the wick element. A selectively operable blower assembly is provided in the evaporative chamber for inducing air flow through the upper evaporative portion of the wick element to evaporate liquid content therein and to discharge the evaporated liquid content from the evaporative chamber into the surrounding environment.

Abstract: New intraocular lenses and methods for producing such lenses. In one embodiment, the intraocular lens includes an optic; and at least one fixation member, e.g., haptic, secured to and extending from the optic, the fixation member being made from a rotated item including a polymer, the rotated item being derived by placing an item having a thickness and the same chemical make-up as the rotated item between two surfaces so that the surfaces each contact the item and are separated by the thickness, and rotating at least a portion of one of the surfaces around an axis substantially parallel to the thickness, provided that the intraocular lens has increased tensile strength relative to a substantially identical intraocular lens made from the original item. Methods of making intraocular lenses are also included.

Abstract: In this method of making a mold for molding an optical lens an annular closure sleeve is fitted around two molding shells and cooperates with them to define the required molding cavity. The closure sleeve is made from a heat shrinkable synthetic material and is heated to shrink it onto the molding shells. Applications of the method include molds for molding ophthalmic lenses.

Abstract: A method of cast molding toric contact lenses having a toric posterior surface permits aligning the mold sections at multiple rotational positions.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing microcapsules of a water-soluble drug by in-water drying process, which comprises carrying out the process in the presence of an osmotic pressure adjustor present in the external aqueous phase. This process improves the drug take up into microcapsules.

Abstract: A reusable device for exposing a microencapsulated liquid, e.g., a fragrance, comprising two surfaces adhered to each other by an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising a non-film forming adhesive comprising a plurality of adhesive polymeric microparticles and microcapsules of an average diameter of about 5 .mu.m to about 60 .mu.m which have the liquid therein and which are adhered to each surface by the adhesive, wherein at least a portion of the microcapsules are broken when the surfaces are separated, and wherein the adhesive has the ability to readhere the surfaces to each other after the surfaces are separated and microcapsules broken. A method providing for the repeated, selective exposure of a microencapsulated liquid using the aforesaid device is also provided.

Abstract: In a process for producing a starting material in the form of granules, the process includes:(a) obtaining a dispersion or a solution, in a solvent or a mixture of solvents suitable for lyophilization, of a powdered starting material, the said dispersion or solution having a viscosity which makes it possible mechanically to form graded drops;(b) mechanically forming graded drops from the said dispersion or solution;(c) freezing the drops formed in Stage (b) in order to obtain frozen drops; and(d) lyophilizing the frozen drops obtained in Stage (c) in order to obtain micrporous anhydrous granules of the starting material having a regular shape and an even surface and of graded size.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing or repairing a machine foundation by using a hollow form which surrounds vertically extending reinforcement rods and is filled with a fortifying material to secure the hollow form to a slab. The form is preferably made of an aggregate filled thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin which are corrosion and chemical resistant materials free from fluid attack such as the liquids in the machine, for example, in a pump the fluids being either the lubricating fluids or the fluids being pumped. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a hollow form which may be used either to prepare a machine foundation or to repair a degraded slab or foundation and preferably is a single form.

Abstract: In an injection molding machine which performs movement control such that the rotation and axial movement of a screw (1) in a cylinder (10) are controlled in accordance with set injection molding conditions and executes an injection process for injecting a plasticized resin, for use as an injection object, into a mold (12), an injection molding condition setting method for the injection molding machine comprises: information detection process for detecting information on a time-based pressure acting on the resin in the injection process by means of injection pressure sensors (4, 13, 14), etc.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of optionally cellular polyurethane moldings with an elevated ground material/filler content, which process broadly comprises a) mixing and reacting an aromatic di- or polyisocyanate with a di- and/or polyol of a molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000 in a quantity insufficient to react with all the NCO groups to yield an isocyanate pre-adduct with an NCO group content of 5 to 32%, b) mixing this isocyanate pre-adduct with ground material/filler, c) mixing the resultant mixture, with a di- and/or polyol with a molecular weight of 62 to 2,000 (crosslinking agent), and optionally water and/or an organic blowing agent, in a static mixer and d) introducing the resultant mixture into a mold.

Abstract: A method for forming an armrest, wherein there are provided a three-dimensional box-like trim cover assembly having slit and hole formed therein, a frame and a shaft separate from the frame. In the method, the frame is inserted through the slit into the inside of the trim cover assembly, and then, the shaft is inserted through the hole into the same inside of trim cover assembly, so that the shaft is connected to the frame at a predetermined position within the trim cover assembly via a connecting element. Thereafter, such incomplete armrest unit is subject to foaming in a foaming die, to thereby form a complete armrest. The trim cover assembly includes a high-density foam layer and an impregnation preventive film having plural ventilation holes formed therein in order to prevent impregnation of liquid foaming material into a foam wadding layer of trim cover assembly and attain air permeability of armrest.

Abstract: Sintered moldings are produced by molding a mixture of a sinterable ceramic or metallic powder and polyoxymethylene or a copolymer containing a majority of oxymethylene units as binder to give a compact, removing the binder by treatment with a gaseous acid, and sintering the product, which comprises removing the binder using an acid which is solid at room temperature and sublimes or melts and evaporates at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A tunnel liner used for a shield tunneling method for a tunnel having a diameter of 1.5 to 7 m is fabricated by dividing a ring-shaped liner into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction. The tunnel liner is required to be excellent in the dimensional accuracy with respect to the outer peripheral surface, to be tight, to be high in strength, and to be high in water tightness at the abutment between the adjacent liners. The tunnel liner is fabricated by a method of filling each arcuate enclosed hollow form with concrete, vibro-compacting concrete, molding the end surfaces of the tunnel liner, mounting the forms within a centrifugal molding drum, and tightly molding the outer peripheral surface of the forms by applying of a centrifugal force. According to this fabrication method, it is possible to effectively fabricate an excellent tunnel liner at a low cost.

Abstract: An apparatus for slip casting includes a pouring pipe for supplying slip, to which each mold is connected by way of a pouring hose having a pouring valve. A slip discharge pipe is provided in the vicinity of the pouring pipe. The pouring pipe and the slip discharge pipe are connected by a by-pass pipe which includes a rising pipe, a traverse pipe, a connecting pipe and an atmosphere pipe. Slip is fed from the pouring pipe to each mold. After a body is formed with a predetermined thickness in each mold 1, pressurized air is fed to the slip discharge spaces to discharge surplus slip to the slip discharge pipe. The height of the rising pipe is set so that the pressure of discharging the surplus slip and the head pressure of the slip within the rising pipe balance each other when the surplus slip is discharged to the slip discharge pipe. This allows the pressure within the slip discharge spaces to be stabilized.

Abstract: Disclosed are fibers that are capable of spontaneously transporting certain fluids, for example aqueous fluids, such as water, on their surfaces. The fibers, especially in the form of tow, can be incorporated into absorbent articles, such as diapers, in order to transport fluids to more effectively utilize the absorbent portion of the article. The fibers can be synthetically coated with absorbent materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a deep-drawable film in the form of a laminated film which contains a top film having certain amounts by weight of (a) at least one crosslinked PP-EPDM and (b) one uncrosslinked propylene block copolymer or heterophase propylene block polymer, 15 to 1% by weight of (b) being replaced with the same amount by weight of a polymer and/or ionomer (c) containing reactive groups. The invention furthermore relates to the process for the production of the laminated film and the use thereof. The bottom film(s) contain(s) certain amounts by weight of (d) at least one partially crosslinked EPDM, (e) one propylene homopolymer, copolymer or graft polymer, (f) at least one polymer and/or ionomer containing reactive groups and (g) at least one polymeric crosslinking agent containing reactive groups.

Abstract: An improved process for pelletizing thermoplastic material, particularly ultra low melt viscosity thermoplastic polymer, using an underwater pelletizer adapted to prevent extruded material from agglomerating in the pelletizer, which pelletizer comprising a cutting assembly having (1) a shroud fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the cutting assembly thereby preventing pellets from being trapped between the die face and the cutting assembly; and (2) novel knives contoured to conform in their angular positions to the curvature of the shroud to avoid pellet agglomeration.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for stabilizing a microporous marking structure is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of placing a microporous marking structure in conjunction with an absorbent material within a stabilizing device. A positive pressure is then applied to the microporous marking structure within the stabilizing device until a sufficient amount of ink originally retained within the microporous marking structure is forced to flow therefrom into the absorbent material so that the microporous marking structure obtains a substantially stabilized state. The apparatus may comprise a pair of substantially rigid plates arranged for relative movement with respect to each other wherein at least one of the substantially rigid plates is adapted to support a microporous marking structure thereon until the microporous marking structure is arranged between the plates.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved solution casting method to manufacture, with high productivity, a polysulfone resin film superior in quality including appearance, surface smoothness, transparency and thickness accuracy. A polysulfone resin film is cast using the solution casting method in which a solution of polysulfone resin is cast on a support base to a desired thickness, dried to remove the solvent, and resultant resin film is peeled away from the support piece. The solution of polysulfone resin comprises at least one solvent chosen from among anisole, dioxane or tetrahydropyrane. To shorten the drying time even further, at least one solvent chosen from among acetone, methylethylketone, ethyl acetate, toluene and phenol can be mixed in the casting solution of polysulfone resin. The resultant polysulfone film obtained can be uniaxially stretched to produce a high-quality retardation film with superior optical properties.

Abstract: The present invention discloses polymers of poly(p-dioxanone having an inherent viscosity in the range of from 2.3 dL/g to about 8 dL/g, as determined at a concentration of 0.1 g/dL in hexafluoroisopropanol at 25.degree. C. This invention also describes improved surgical devices and filaments made from poly(p-dioxanone) with an inherent viscosity in the range of from 2.3 dL/g to about 8 dL/g, determined at a concentration of 0.1 g/dL in hexafluoroisopropanol at 25.degree. C. Additionally, disclosed are processes for manufacturing poly(p-dioxanone) with an inherent viscosity in the range of from 2.3 dL/g to about 8 dL/g, as determined at a concentration of 0.1 g/dL in hexafluoroisopropanol at 25.degree. C., as well as, processes for molding surgical articles and extruding surgical filaments from these polymers.

Abstract: A process for producing biaxially drawn plastic bottles having excellent heat resistance and an apparatus therefor. The process comprises a step of biaxially drawing and free blow-molding the preformed article to obtain a secondary molded article thereof, a step of heating the secondary molded article by inserting it for 0.3 to 5 seconds in the infrared rays emitted from an infrared-ray radiation member that has a substantially planar radiation surface having a height larger than that of the secondary molded article in the direction of height and having a surface temperature of from 350.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C., in order to obtain a tertiary product thereof that is shrunk, and a step for blow-molding the tertiary product that is in a heated state in a metal mold to obtain a final molded article. A single metal mold is used for blow-molding to shorten the time occupied by the metal mold and to produce the bottles having excellent heat resistance maintaining high productivity.

Abstract: A preform (1), a method for blow molding a bottle, and a bottle (13) formed from the preform and by the method are disclosed for use with beverages and the like wherein the bottles usually contain such beverages under pressure. The preform is shaped so that the resultant bottle is provided with a product-containing portion having a preferred hemispherical end portion and an integral bottom portion including a void therein for defining a hollow base portion (4, 12) which, in one form, contains fluid under pressure for balancing pressures related to the pressurized product. The hollow base portion provides for efficient use of material, and a minimal number of manufacturing steps, for providing a stable base for the hemispherical end portion (11) of the product containing portion of the bottle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to be used in producing easily volatile metals from their sulfides. The method employs two closely connected furnaces, a reduction furnace and a converter, which are operated at normal pressure, so that the material transfer therebetween is arranged to be carried out continuously at normal pressure through the channels provided in between the furnaces. As a result of chemical reactions taking place in the furnaces, the hydrostatic pressure in the furnaces changes, and the circulations caused by these changes through the channels at the same time bring about recycling of the sulfide matte needed in the process from the reduction furnace to the converter and the recycling of the molten metal from the converter to the reduction furnace.

Abstract: A cooled converter trunnion ring, which is arranged at a distance from the converter, encompasses the converter and is connected to a coolant supply station. In order to achieve good accessibility of the trunnion ring by simple measures and to ensure reliable cooling of the loaded trunnion ring areas with low energy expenditure, a pipe coil, which runs in a largely meandering fashion and through which a liquid coolant flows, is provided on the inner surface of the inner side member substantially facing the converter of the steel mantle of the converter trunnion ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a specific type of phosphate ester that is as effective or more effective than corrosion inhibitors available in the past. In accordance with the invention, these corrosion inhibitors are highly effective alone or when blended with other specific compounds for protection of ferrous metals against attack by a corrosive environment. More particularly, the inhibitors of the present invention are the reaction products of ethoxylated, propoxylated, or butoxylated alcohols or phenols with phosphating agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to blends of individual corrosion inhibitors with phosphate esters for protection of ferrous metals against attack by a corrosive environment. These blends are synergistically more effective than each of the individual corrosion inhibitors. The phosphate esters of the present invention are the reaction products of ethoxylated, propoxylated, or butoxylated alcohols or phenols with phosphating agents. Other corrosion inhibitors suitable for blending with the phosphate esters include fatty amines, poly amides, imidazolines, poly imidazolines, quaternary amines, poly quats and dimer, trimer, and polymeric acids. Phosphate esters may comprise any portion of the total amount of corrosion inhibitors in the blend, but the preferred concentration is from about 5 to about 50 weight percent phosphate ester. The corrosion inhibitor blends may be diluted to any concentration with solvents or other fluids as necessary for particular applications.