Abstract: A method for making an article of manufacture (10 or 34) includes making a PVC structural element (12 or 36) with a surface (26), adhesively securing a sheet of stranded material (22) to the surface (26), and molding a sponge material (16 or 40) to the sheet of stranded material (22). The sheet of stranded material (22) is a woven material or nonwoven mat. Securing the sheet of stranded material (22) to the surface (26) includes chemically softening a layer (18) of the structural element (12 or 36) by applying a solvent, applying a plastic cement layer (20) to the softened layer (18), partially embedding the sheet of stranded material (22) into the layer (20) and/or into the layer (18), thereby at least partially encompassing a plurality of first portions (28) of strands (24), and molding the sponge material (16 or 40) onto the partially-embedded sheet of stranded material (22), thereby at least partially encompassing a plurality of second portions (30) of the strands (24).

Abstract: The composite vane is molded by injecting resin into a preform of layers of reinforcing fibers according to the RTM method. The skins of its main vane section as well as of its root and tip via which it is connected to the flow-straightener central body and to part of the duct are laminated with a pile of at least three layers of reinforcing fibers, and complementary piles at the root and tip exhibit at least one fastening tab. The central body is made of metal or composite and the composite vanes are interchangeable, or the vanes and the central body are injection-molded as a single piece using the RTM method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for labeling containers allows labeling of containers by wrap around labeling without applying an adhesive on the leading edge of the label. Labels are held on a label drum and moved into a label applying position while containers are fed into the label applying position. Air is blown from the label drum onto the leading edge of the label at an angle to the label drum surface and in a direction backward along the label from the leading edge to force the leading edge of the label against the container. The leading edge is maintained on the container by wet adhesion or by air which is blown onto the label and container from the side opposite the label drum.

Abstract: A ceramic circuit substrate providing a circuit pattern with a fine line as well as high accuracy for positioning the circuit pattern and a method of producing the ceramic circuit substrate. An alumina layer that is green containing an alumina that is not sintered at a temperature ranging from 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C. is applied on a surface of a ceramic green sheet containing glass and then fired at a temperature ranging from 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C. The ceramic green sheet is sintered into a sintered ceramic substrate. A porous alumina layer is formed on a surface of the sintered ceramic substrate. The glass contained in the sintered ceramic substrate is caused to flow to the inside of the porous alumina layer so that the part of the porous alumina layer filled with the glass is bonded to the sintered ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A method of repairing an existing pipe includes steps of introducing at least one leading pig into the existing pipe through one open end thereof, introducing behind the leading pig a necessary amount of adhesive agent into the existing pipe through the same open end thereof, fixing one end of a liner tube at the above open end of the existing pipe, in a manner such that the liner tube may be reversed into the existing pipe, and providing a negative pressure into the existing pipe through an opposite open end thereof to cause the leading pig and the adhesive agent to move forwardly and thus cause the unfixed portions of the liner tube to be reversed into the existing pipe. The adhesive agent is caused to move through the existing pipe in the form of a plug flow, thereby coating the whole internal surface of the existing pipe with the adhesive agent, ensuring that the liner tube reversed into the pipe may adhere to the internal surface of the existing pipe.

Abstract: In a method of making an ink jet printhead, corrugations are formed by laser ablation in the bonding surface of a polymer nozzle plate. Adhesive is applied to the micro-cavities thus formed and the nozzle plate is pressed against the end surface of the printhead until the surface lands in the nozzle plate abut on the surface of the printhead.

Abstract: A roll splicing system and method is used to splice a new roll to an expiring roll of material. Each roll includes an adhesive region disposed proximate a trailing end of the strip of material rolled around a core region of the roll. As an expiring roll expires or unrolls, the adhesive region is exposed and adheres to an adhesive adherable region on the leading end of a new roll that is rotating against the expiring roll in an opposing direction. The leading end of the new roll is thereby effectively spliced to the trailing end of the expiring roll. A trailing non-adherable region is disposed opposite the adhesive region so that the trailing non-adherable region contacts the adhesive region when rolled and prevents the strip of material from sticking to the adhesive region. The roll splicing system and method can be used to splice strips of material having adherable surfaces on both sides or having a non-adherable surface, such as a silicone coating, on one side of the strip of material.

Abstract: A paint applicator has a paint-impervious backing such as a cylindrical core to which is adhered a resilient reticulated reservoir such as an open-cell polyurethane foam. Covering the reservoir is a flexible reticulated metering layer that is not bonded to the reservoir except at crossing points of the reticulations. The applicator better releases paint and is more easily cleaned as compared to prior paint applicators having pile fabric coverings. In addition to paint rolls, other types of paint applicators such as paint pads and paint mittens can employ the same composite of a reticulated reservoir and reticulated metering layer.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for modifying a substrate in a predetermined pattern, comprising the steps of: (a) applying a material to the face of an etched nanochannel glass (NCG), where this face has a pattern of channels corresponding to the predetermined pattern, and (b) contacting the substrate with the etched NCG face having applied material, under conditions for transferring the material to the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing an article by transferring to at least one surface of the article, a surface structure of a polymeric film, the surface structure comprising individual, randomly distributed elevations, so that the resultant article comprises the surface structure or a mirror image of the surface structure, the transferring comprising: a) applying the film to the article as a cover layer wherein a surface of the film comprising the structure faces outward from the article; or b) transferring the surface structure of the film to the article by applying a surface of the film having the structure to the article, so as to form a mirror-image of the structure on the molded body, and optionally removing the film; the process produces an article having at least one surface which exhibits antireflection properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for building three-dimensional objects having an internal structure, wherein the structure is discontinuous and is composed from a plurality of patterns and bridging patterns formed on a plurality of levels, wherein a bridging level and pattern reside between previous and subsequent levels from which the bridging pattern obtains at least a portion of its pattern. A portion of the bridging pattern is obtained from the pattern on the previous level and a portion of the bridging pattern is obtained from the pattern on the subsequent level.

Abstract: An absorbent article is provided for use in the perineal area of the body having an absorbent core having an upper body facing surface, a lower garment facing surface, first and second longitudinal sides, and first and second transverse ends. A body fluid impervious sealing wrapper, having upper and lower portions each having longitudinally and transversely extending edges along which said portions are joined, is formed around the absorbent core so as to enclose at least the entirety of the garment facing surface, the longitudinal sides and the transverse ends, thereby forming a seal. A centrally disposed opening is formed in the upper portion of the sealing wrapper thereby forming a window on the body facing surface of the absorbent core that exposes it to fluid flow. A fluid pervious layer covers at least the portion of the body facing surface on which the window is formed. The upper portion of the sealing wrapper and the pervious layer are joined so as to form a laminated layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for creating a flash-free weld between the ends of thermoplastic members, wherein the members are held in position by holders, the ends of the members are softened by a heater, the members and holders are brought together until the ends of the members are joined to result in a flash-free weld.

Abstract: A method of determining the position and condition of reinforcing steel embedded in concrete is described. The method is non-invasive. Electrodes are use to carry out the method by contacting the outer surface of the concrete. The method measures the impedance of selected regions of the concrete by measuring the voltage generated across said selected regions by a current flowing through the concrete.

Abstract: This invention relates to a label continuum comprising a long label substrate, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed by transferring to the back of the label substrate and a release layer formed on the surface of the label substrate, and in the invention the label substrate is rolled up such that the release layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are false-stuck to each other.

Abstract: In order to adhesively bond two ferrite pieces to one another and obtain an adhesive film with a thickness of less than 100 .mu.m, use is made of an anaerobic adhesive based on a methacrylate monomer. The quality of the adhesive bonding is greatly improved if, according to the invention, a metal deposit, for example of copper, is produced on one of the faces to be adhesively bonded. In the preferred embodiment, the deposit is obtained by rubbing the face to be adhesively bonded onto a copper block.

Abstract: A method for producing thermo-insulating elements wherein porous, powdery insulating material is thermally degassed and poured into an evacuated casing. Getter material is mixed with insulating material to form a mixture. The mixture is then thermally degassed. The degassed mixture is poured into an evacuated casing, which is then sealed. The getter material may comprise powdery or pellet-shaped molecular sieve, a zeolitic material, or a metal alloy. The method may be performed by degassing the mixture in a vacuum drier, and feeding the mixture in continuous vacuum into a permanently evacuated container.

Abstract: A vacuum processing system for executing processing with plasma. The system includes plasma arrival prevention magnets for forming a magnetic field along the inner face of a vacuum vessel to prevent plasma from arriving at the inner face of the vacuum vessel, and a move mechanism for relatively moving the plasma arrival prevention magnets or the vacuum vessel so as to compensate vector unevenness of the plasma arrival prevention magnets in a direction of the inner face of the vacuum vessel for uniformly depositing a thin film on the inner face. The move mechanism moves the plasma arrival prevention magnets or the vacuum vessel during the vacuum processing interim and at the etching removal of the thin film deposited on the inner face of the vacuum vessel.

Abstract: A vacuum processing apparatus is composed of a cassette block and a vacuum processing block. The cassette block has a cassette table for mounting a plurality of cassettes containing a sample and an atmospheric transfer means. The vacuum processing block has a plurality of processing chambers for performing vacuum processing on the sample and a vacuum transfer means for transferring the sample. Both of the plan views of the cassette block and the vacuum processing block are nearly rectangular, and the width of the cassette block is designed to be larger than the width of the vacuum processing block, and the overall plan view of the vacuum processing apparatus is formed in an L-shape or a T-shape.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selectively etching an encapsulant forming a package of resinous material around an electronic device includes a source of etchant solution and an etching assembly including an etch plate and a bell jar or cover, the etch plate and bell jar forming an etching chamber. Optionally, an etch cup or fixture is supported by the etch head or the electronic device package is mountable in the chamber directly on the etch head. A source of pressurized gas such as nitrogen provides a positive pressure about 2 PSI to the bell jar and to flow the etchant solution through the etch head and onto an exterior surface of the electronic device package so that the encapsulant is etched and when break out occurs on a side wall of the package, the pressure in the bell jar is vented to a waste reservoir and the pressure at the etchant solution source is reduced so that etchant solution flow is instantly stopped to prevent any damage to the electronic device by excessive etching.

Abstract: A cleaning method for realizing uniform ashing of residues at a high efficiency by uniformly injecting neutral active species directly toward the surfaces of vulcanization residues left on a vulcanization mold is described. The method includes setting a ring-shaped cavity in face-to-face reaction with the inner surfaces of a ring-shaped vulcanization mold in a vacuum treating vessel, transmitting a microwave in the cavity, and emitting the microwave via a number of coupling slots formed in the outer side of the cavity toward the inner surfaces of the vulcanization mold whereupon a reaction gas is injected in the space of the treating vessel between the inner surfaces of the vulcanization mold and the cavity, so that a plasma including a major proportion of neutral active species generated from the reaction gas and the emitted microwave, and the elastomer residue is ashed by means of at least one gas selected from the plasma gas and a neutral active species-containing gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for inserting a lining material into a pipeline includes an elongated carrier device having a hollow central portion which encloses a liner-bladder assembly. The liner-bladder assembly includes an elongated inflation bladder which engages an open end of the carrier device and expands under fluid pressure out of the carrier device. The pipe liner is frangibly attached to the inflation bladder such that its attachment anchors the liner with respect to the open end of the carrier device to permit accurate placement of the liner within a pipeline proximate to a compromised section of the pipeline. The frangible connection breaks when the carrier device and inflation bladder are removed from the pipeline.

Abstract: A glue actuator mounting assembly adapted to mount to a folder apparatus has individual opposed guide strips forming a sheet path and glue actuators slidably mounted across the sheet path, such that individual actuators may be moved and repositioned laterally, and guide strips may be positioned to allow each glue actuator, regardless of lateral position, to have access to a sheet moving in the sheet path. In a preferred embodiment a stop bar is included having extendable tabs for extending between guide strips and forming a stop for sheets moving in the sheet path. In a preferred embodiment the actuators are mounted on slide rods that engage open slots in a carriage of the actuator mounting assembly such that the rods carrying the actuators, along with the actuators, may be lifted off the actuator mounting assembly.

Abstract: A sterile containment welding device for plastic tubes includes a pair of alignable tube holders each of which includes a base having a tube receiving channel and a clamping jaw pivotally mounted to the base. The outer end of the tube receiving channel is outwardly flared preferably at an angle of about 14.degree..

Abstract: The invention provides an outer lead bonding apparatus for bonding a plurality of leads extending outwardly of a semiconductor chip to bonding pads mounted on a substrate, the apparatus including (a) a bonding-aid member having a central portion and a marginal portion, the semiconductor chip being to be adhered to a lower surface of the central portion of the bonding-aid member, the bonding-aid member being to be adhered at the marginal portion thereof to the substrate, the bonding-aid member being formed with an opening for exposing distal ends of the leads at which the leads are to be bonded to the bonding pads, (b) a device for ascertaining whether the leads align with the bonding pads, and (c) a bonding tool having compressing portions for compressing the leads to the bonding pads, the compressing portions having a cross-section to be able to pass through the opening of the bonding-aid member.

Abstract: A press pad for use in a laminating press comprises a woven fabric of heat resistant strands. A substantial proportion of either the warp (B) or the weft (A) comprises a silicone elastomer. Preferably, the silicone elastomer has a specific gravity within the range of 1.1 g/cm.sup.3 to 1.4 g/cm.sup.3 inclusive but advantageously, the silicone elastomer has a specific gravity of 1.20.+-.0.02 g/cm.sup.3. In preferred embodiments the weft (A) comprises silicone covered copper wire whilst the warp (B) comprises at least one of stainless steel wires, copper wires, copper alloy wires, copper wires wrapped with an aromatic polyamide yarn, stainless steel wires wrapped with an aromatic polyamide yarn, aromatic polyamide yarn, and polyester yarn.

Abstract: In a device for removing toner or similar substance deposited on a recording sheet or similar sheet, projections are formed on a back-up member and located at portions on which the rear of a separating member slide. While a sheet is passed through a pressing portion in contact with the separating member, the projections raise the rear of the separating member toward the surface of the sheet carrying the toner. Hence, even solitary particles of the substance adjoining relatively thick and large masses of the substance can contact the front of the separating member. Hence, the solitary particles are prevented from remaining on the sheet.

Abstract: A process comprising removing surface layer materials from the wafer by inducing micro-fractures in the surface using a rotating pad and an abrasive slurry until all of the surface layer materials are removed; and chemically etching the surfaces of the wafer until all micro-fractures are removed therefrom. Edge materials are removed by abrasive tape. Wafer thickness reduction during recycling is less than 30 microns per cycle. One of the front and back surfaces of the wafer substrate is polished, any dots or grooves being on the non-polished side. The abrasive slurry contains more than 6 volume percent abrasive particles, and the abrasive slurry has a viscosity greater than about 2 cP at ambient temperature. The preferred pad comprises an organic polymer having a hardness greater than about 40 on the Shore D scale, optimally a polyurethane. The pressure of the pad against the wafer surface preferably does not exceed about 3 psi. Preferably, the chemical etching solution contains potassium hydroxide.

Abstract: Method of reducing corrosion in a power boiler of a pulp mill using biofuel and suspended matter obtained from the waste water treatment of the mill. In the method flue gases obtained from a waste heat boiler are fed into the power boiler, causing the sulfur dioxide contained in them to react with the alkali chlorides in the boiler and the chlorine to form hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for regenerating a liquid from a spent liquid containing sodium compounds created during kraft processing for pulping wood while simultaneously obtaining energy. Regeneration begins by gasifying said sodium compounds in a gasification reaction chamber at a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the sodium compounds and generating a gasification gas and salt melt. The gasification gas and salt melt are then directly cooled to a temperature greater than the dew point in the quenching chamber by spraying a cooling liquid which, in turn, causes gaseous condensate to form a bath in the quenching chamber which may also include water from kraft processing. The salt melt dissolves in the bath to produce an aqueous solution. This aqueous solution is then cooled and diluted with alkali liquid produced during the kraft process.

Abstract: A smooth, high density tissue. The tissue has a relatively low caliper, yet maintains visually discernible machine direction micropeaks at a suitable micropeak frequency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wet pressed paper web. The web has a first relatively high density region having a first thickness K, a second relatively low density region having a second thickness P, which is a local maxima, and a third region extending intermediate the first and second regions. The third region includes a transition region having a third thickness T, which is a local minima. The present invention also provides a method of making a wet pressed web. An embryonic web of papermaking fibers is formed on a foraminous forming member, and transferred to an imprinting member to deflect a portion of the papermaking fibers in the embryonic web into deflection conduits in the imprinting member. The web and the imprinting member are then pressed between first and second dewatering felts in a compression nip to further deflect the papermaking fibers into the deflection conduits in the imprinting member and to remove water from both sides of the web.

Abstract: A press roll for treating a material web in a nip formed with an opposing surface is provided. A press shoe extends along the nip and guides a press jacket. Several adjacent force elements disposed along the direction of the roll axis are supported on a stationary carrier. The force elements are preferably each fluid-actuated cylinder/piston units which can bias the press shoe with their movable pistons. The piston of at least one force element and/or an opposing region of the press shoe concentrate support forces in piston edge regions that are disposed opposite one another on different ends of a central piston plane perpendicular to the roll axis.

Abstract: A column having a region for reaction with distillation of fluid streams is provided with structures including catalyst-filled containers having liquid permeable upper surfaces which allow for the accumulation and flow of liquid from a liquid stream. The containers include catalyst beds positioned beneath the upper surface of the containers. A portion of the liquid on the containers is driven through the catalyst bed by the liquid head created by the accumulated liquid and is catalytically reacted. Another portion of the liquid may be directed through a downcomer which allows the accumulated liquid to leave the container without passing through the catalyst bed so that higher volumetric flow rates can be achieved.

Abstract: A device for drilling a layer of coke within a reactor to effect the decoking of the reactor includes a decoking tool arranged at one end of a hose for conveying a decoking fluid to the tool. The decoking tool has a first part and a second part coaxial with the first part. The second part has means for ejecting the decoking fluid against the coke layer, including a first ejection means for ejecting the fluid in a substantially axial direction downwardly to penetrate the coke layer, a second ejection means ejecting the fluid in a substantially lateral direction and a third ejection means for ejecting the fluid in a substantially upward direction to remove any coke accumulated above the tool.

Abstract: A process is provided for the isolation of (meth)acrylic acid from a mixture containing (meth)acrylic acid as the main component and lower aldehydes as secondary components by rectification in a rectification column having a stripping section and a rectification section, wherein the starting mixture containing the (meth)acrylic acid to be isolated by rectification is not fed directly to the rectification column but is first passed into a heated dwell vessel which is connected to the vapor side of the rectification section of the rectification column and in which the starting mixture is kept at the boil and, instead of the starting mixture as such, the bottom liquid of the dwell vessel is fed to the rectification column.

Abstract: The structure and method which improves the film thickness uniformity or thickness control when using magnetron sputtering by adjusting the distance between the magnetron or a portion of the magnetron and the sputtering target to provide an improvement in the film thickness uniformity. Shimmed rails, contoured rails, contoured surfaces, cam plates, and cam plate control followers are utilized to achieve an improvement in film thickness uniformity or thickness control due to anomalies in magnetic field as a magnetron assembly moves back and forth when sputtering substrates (utilized primarily for rectangularly shaped substrates).

Abstract: Plasma processing apparatus may comprise a process chamber having a process gas supply for providing a process gas to the process chamber and a vacuum pump for maintaining the process chamber within a predetermined pressure range. A cathode/target assembly positioned within the process chamber is connected to a first terminal of an external power supply. An anode/ion source assembly is also positioned within the process chamber and may include an electrode member having a central aperture therein that defines an active surface on the electrode member. The electrode member is connected to a second terminal of the external power supply. A magnet positioned adjacent the electrode member produces an electron-confining magnetic tunnel adjacent the active surface of the electrode member. The electron-confining magnetic tunnel momentarily traps electrons adjacent the active surface, some of which ionize some of the process gas.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a recording medium on a hard disk includes forming a data recording layer on the disk, forming a nitrogenated carbon overcoat layer over the data recording layer, (with or without intervening layers), and the processing data recording layer to protect it from the nitrogen used in the process of forming the nitrogenated carbon. In one approach, the step of processing the data recording layer is accomplished by forming a buffer layer between the data recording layer and the overcoat layer by depositing carbon on the data recording layer using a carbon deposition process excluding nitrogen, then forming the overcoat layer by depositing carbon on the buffer layer using a carbon deposition process that includes a nitrogen source.

Abstract: Coatings are described to improve the performance of cathodic protection systems used in water heater tanks. Semi-permeable sparingly soluble films of silicates and other organic resins protect critical areas of sacrificial anodes from concentrated usage which could sever their tank connections, yet preserve the total amount of protection available. They reduce usage of these more active anode areas and return them to service after less active ones are used up, and when the corrosion rate of exposed metal in the tank has been reduced by prolonged service, thus further extending anode life. Other coatings reduce usage of the entire anode in high conductivity waters and in electric heaters where such protection is rapidly consumed by secondary chemical reactions or absorbed by electric heating elements. These coatings also prevent complete deactivation of the anode by oxides, and bacterial interactions which generate objectionable odors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical cell which has an electrode, a membrane disposed in contact with one side of the electrode and a mass flow field disposed on the other side of the electrode for directing fluid to and away from the electrode. The mass flow field comprises glassy carbon. The cell of the present invention is particularly useful in converting anhydrous hydrogen halide, in particular, hydrogen fluoride, directly to essentially dry halogen gas, such as anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to fluorine gas.

Abstract: An electrowinning cell comprised of a tank; an electrolytic solution within the tank defining a solution surface at a predetermined level within the tank; a plurality of flat metallic electrode plates, each of the plates having a support beam along an edge thereof; a support assembly disposed outside the tank for supporting a plurality of the electrodes by the support beams, the support assembly dimensioned to position the electrodes in side-by-side, spaced apart, parallel relationship with a lower portion of the electrodes immersed in the electrolytic solution and an upper portion disposed above the solution surface, the upper portions of the electrodes and the solution surface forming parallel channels extending from one side of the tank to a second side of the tank; a plurality of apertures formed in the tank wall along the one side of the tank, the apertures being disposed above the solution surface and positioned wherein at least one of the plurality of apertures is located between an adjacent pair of th

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring cell for detecting oxidizing gases, containing an electrode with a redox mediator, which is oxidized by the gas to be detected. A measuring electrode is employed made of an inert material, and a counterelectrode is provided. The dynamics and reproducibility of the measured signal are improved by providing the counterelectrode formed of an anodically oxidizable material and is arranged behind the measuring electrode in the direction of diffusion in a sandwich-like arrangement.

Abstract: Cathode overvoltage losses are a frequent problem in electrolysis of aqueous solutions. The present invention provides a cathode having a three component coating. The first component consists of at least one non-precious transition metal; the second consists of a precious metal or its oxide and the third consists of gold, platinum or both or their oxides.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a gas sensor and a method therefor are disclosed. A high voltage is supplied to a heat generating body of the gas sensor for a certain period of time to generate a large amount of heat within a short period of time so as to remove the moisture or miscellaneous gases absorbed into on the surface of the gas sensor, thereby stabilizing the characteristics of the gas sensor. The apparatus includes: a power supply section for receiving an ac voltage from a commercial ac power source to convert it into a rated voltage and an excessive voltage exceeding the rated voltage; and a switching section for supplying the rated voltage to the gas sensor after supplying the excessive voltage of the power supply section to a heat generating body of a gas sensor for a certain period of time.

Abstract: A method apparatus is provided for electrophoretically depositing particles onto an electrode, and electrohydrodynamically assembling the particles into crystalline structures. Specifically, the present method and apparatus creates a current flowing through a solution to cause identically charged electrophoretically deposited colloidal particles to attract each other over very large distances (<5 particle diameters) on the surface of electrodes to form two-dimensional colloidal crystals. The attractive force can be created with both DC and AC fields and can modulated by adjusting either the field strength or frequency of the current. Modulating this "lateral attraction" between the particles causes the reversible formation of two-dimensional fluid and crystalline colloidal states on the electrode surface. Further manipulation allows for the formation of two or three-dimensional colloidal crystals, as well as more complex "designed" structures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for two-coat one-fire electrophoretic enameling of a work piece made of metal, wherein a first undercoat enamel slip deposit bath is followed by at least one excess slip removing bath before the undercoated work piece is submerged in a process bath including an additive for reducing the electrical resistance of the enamel biscuit followed sequentially by another rinsing bath, a finish enamel coating bath and not less than one final rinsing bath before the coated work piece is subjected to an enamel firing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides electronically conducting polymer films formed from photosensitive formulations of pyrrole and an electron acceptor that have been selectively exposed to UV light, laser light, or electron beams. The formulations may include photoinitiators, flexibilizers, solvents and the like. These formulations can be used to manufacture multichip modules on typical multichip module substrates, such as alumina, fiberglass epoxy, silicon and polyimide. The formulations and methods of the invention enable the formation of passive electronic circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors in multichip modules or printed wiring boards.

Abstract: An electrorefining cell permits increased electrolyte flow rates while maintaining the slime layer at the bottom of the cell and on the anode faces substantially intact. The cell includes an inlet manifold located near the bottom of the cell and having a plurality of discharge orifices for the electrolyte solution. An inlet baffle shrouds the discharge orifices to regulate and direct the flow of electrolyte solution within the cell. The inlet baffle and the cell wall form an elongated slot that resides beneath the surface of the electrolyte solution. An analogous configuration is employed for electrolyte discharge to enable relatively high electrolyte flow into and out of the cell. The specific shape, size, and location of the inlet baffle and an outlet baffle may be selected to optimize the electrolyte flow characteristics of the cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and useful process for the production of a molten metal by electrolysis in an electrolytic cell having an electrolysis compartment, a metal recovery compartment, and a partition separating upper parts of said compartments, said process comprising: electrolysing in said electrolysis compartment an electrolyte containing a fused salt of said metal said electrolyte being of greater density than said metal; continuously withdrawing the product metal mixed with said electrolyte in a stream from said electrolysis compartment to a top part of said metal recovery compartment; allowing said metal to form in said metal recovery compartment a pad floating on said electrolyte; maintaining said pad out of contact with said partition; and recovering said pad.