Abstract: A textile fabric including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers characterized as providing sufficient current to induce either a wired or wireless coupling between the textile fabric and a portable electronic device. The textile fabric is intended for fabrication into a functional article of clothing or other item made of the woven textile fabric, so as to increase functionality of the article of clothing or item made thereof. The plurality of electrically conductive fibers are characterized as creating an interconnect to a portable electronic device, including integrated components, electronics, or the like, or serving as an antenna for signals received and transmitted by the portable electronic device.

Abstract: A method of making a mask representing a photographic subject includes the steps of: simultaneously capturing a front and two side face views of the subject using a single camera and a pair of mirrors, one mirror on each side of the subject's head; forming a digital image of the captured front and side views; digitally processing the digital image by mirroring the two side views and blending the two side views with the front view to form a blended image; and transferring the blended image to a head sock.

Abstract: A bandana-type headwear suitable for wearing under a helmet or as a independent head piece is disclosed. The headwear is preferably of a generally polygonal shape and has attached thereto adjustment straps of the peg and hole type generally used for adjustable caps. These straps are attached to the headwear fabric at an angle oblique to the central axis of the headwear to assist in installing and retaining the headwear on wearer's head.

Abstract: An article of footwear for use during and following the application of a pedicure. The article includes a body consisting of a leg portion, an ankle portion, and a foot portion. At the toe end of the foot portion are defined a plurality of apertures. Fitted to the approximate peripheries of the apertures and extending therefrom are a like plurality of open-ended toe sheaths. The sheaths may be selectively extended or retracted through unrolling or rolling as desired.

Abstract: This invention is a disposable diaper (1) having an absorbent (3), a pair of ears (6) projecting in opposite directions from the opposite side edges of one longitudinal end portion of the absorbent part (3), respectively, and one fastening means (7) attached to the oblique side edges of the ears (6), respectively. The oblique side edges of the ears (6) are inclined to extend at a predetermined angle to the longitudinal center axis of the absorbent (3), the fastening means (7) are attached to the oblique side edges, respectively, each oblique side edge having first oblique side edge section and second oblique side edge section, each ear (6) has a stress relaxing structure, in which a tensile stress smaller than that induced in the peripheral portion of the ear (6) is induced, in a portion thereof other than the peripheral portion, and each fastening means is attached to the ear (6) in a pulling section of the oblique side edge in order to distribute tensile forces.

Abstract: A toilet bowl has gases and bacteria or virus-laden mist removed directly therefrom by an air evacuation system, both during and after use of the toilet. The system can also include apparatus for forced air dispensing of air-freshening deodorant or disinfectant during the air evacuation from the bowl, which dispensing apparatus is driven by but is independent from the flow of air and gas or mist exhausted during evacuation. The air evacuation system may be associated with a dedicated vacuum-creating pump or be integral with a ceiling exhaust fan which has the capability of either exhausting air from the bathroom or through the toilet bowl air evacuation system.

Abstract: An operating hinge for a seat and seat lid of a toilet bowl, simply constructed and capable of controlling the angular moment of the seat and lid to softly stop them in place at their respective predetermined ends of pivoting stroke, provided.

Abstract: A flush toilet for a recreational vehicle has a flush mechanism including a pair of foot pedals, one for opening the bowl outlet closure of the toilet, and the other for opening the flush water valve. Depression of the first foot pedal also depresses the water valve foot pedal, though that pedal can also be operated separately. An actuating cable for the water valve extends through the arm of the bowl closure foot pedal so that, if the water valve foot pedal breaks or is damaged, the water valve can still be opened for rinsing the bowl.

Abstract: In an automatic shampoo machine a recess is formed in a side wall of a basin to ensure water passage to the nape of the neck of a person being shampooed. A plurality of neck support members each including a bent wire arrangement is provided in a spaced relation in the recess. With the neck resting on top portions of the neck support members, the nape of the neck is rinsed by water sprayed from a stationary nape rinsing nozzle, and movable lower nozzles, through the recess. A pad for receiving the neck resting thereon is releasably attached on a peripheral portion of the basin to prevent fatigue of the neck and splashing of rinse water. Thus, the person can have his hair and nape washed in a comfortable posture.

Abstract: A pivotal device for a playpen includes a connecting member which pivotally connects two siderails of the playpen. Each of the siderails has a spring received therein which has a protrusion extending through the siderail and the connecting member and a pushing end being accessed via a hole of the connecting member. An operation plate mounted to the connecting member with a slidable member biasedly disposed therebetween. The operation plate has flexible plate and a head with a tapered surface extends laterally from the flexible plate, the slidable member having one end thereof slidably located below the head so that when the slidable member is shifted, the head is pushed to push the pushing ends of the springs to withdraw the protrusions from the connecting member to allow the siderails to be pivoted.

Abstract: A bed frame assembly has a lower frame, an upper frame, and four longitudinal rods disposed between the lower frame and the upper frame. The lower frame has four lower corner seats, four elongated bars, four short bars, two link devices, two joints, and a tube device. The tube device has two telescopic tubes and a knuckle. Each telescopic tube has an inner pipe and an outer pipe. Each link device is connected to the inner pipe and two short bars. Each joint is connected to a support leg and two elongated bars. The knuckle is connected to a support post and two outer pipes. The upper frame has four upper corner seats, four couplers, four elongated rods, and four short rods.

Abstract: A wall-mounted infant changing apparatus configured to provide a relatively uniform surface in an open position for cleaning of the apparatus. The infant changing apparatus includes a support frame, a bed, a hinge means and a drive cylinder. The bed is pivotably attached to the support frame by the hinge means. The drive cylinder is also attached to the support frame and the bed to provide controlled movement of the bed from a closed position to the open position. A retaining end of the support frame and a pivot end of the bed are configured for mating interaction such that in the open position, the hinge means and the drive cylinder are shielded from waste material.

Abstract: A patient care bed with a patient weighing system having a first frame having a series of support units attached at designated locations and a second frame supported by the support units. The support units each having a load cell which senses a part of the weight supported by a second frame.

Abstract: A bed for supporting a patient having a seat panel and a back panel coupled together by a joint assembly that allows the panels to rotate about an axis coincident with the patient's hip joint.

Abstract: An elongate structure has a body support surface inclined with respect to a generally horizontal foundation surface and contoured to provide comfortable support for a sunbather in positions intermediate prone and supine for tanning side portions of the body. A hollow cavity formed in the structure provides a convenient storage and transport compartment and an integral handle facilitates portability.

Abstract: An air mattress includes a top sheet made of woven textile material laminated to an inner sheet of PVC and welded to bottom sheet made of PVC. Oval beams are welded to the inner and bottom sheets which are joined by lap seams. Support strips are provided for securing the lap seams at each corner.

Abstract: An industrial textile processing machine having a washing chamber supported by a support structure secured to a pedestal support. The support structure is provided with a piezoelectric dynamic sensor used to sense stress on the support structure caused by vibrations of the washing chamber that result from an unbalanced load. The sensor is electrically connected to a signal conditioner which is, in turn, connected to a microprocessor that controls the machine. The sensor produces an output signal that is conditioned by a signal conditioner and then used by a microprocessor to extrapolate a control decision for the machine. The sensor is used to sense the presence of an unbalanced when the machine is operating at low speeds. If an unbalanced condition is sensed, the washer will redistribute the load so that it is sufficiently balanced before entering into high speed operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning a selected surface, usually fluid-wetted or submerged, has a membrane element. The membrane element comprises a generally concave lower surface that clings, when in motion, to the selected surface by a first force and a generally convex upper surface. The membrane element has a means associated with the generally convex upper surface which generates a second force which, when in motion, causes the lower surface and the selected surface to be pressed more closely together. particularly embodied as a generally wing shaped cross-sectional profile, wherein the generally wing shaped cross-sectional profile is produced with at least one ring wall comprised of a series of rods projecting up from the generally convex upper surface of the membrane and often a plurality of ring walls formed from projecting rods. An elongated handle, usually a float, is affixed to the membrane element upper surface.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus with a cleaning mechanism comprises a controller accommodated in a housing and a cleaning device assembled to the housing. The user holds the apparatus and makes a selection so as to remotely control the electric appliance. The cleaning device outwardly extends from the housing. The user rubs the surface of the electric appliance with the cleaning device pressed against the electric appliance, thereby cleaning the surface of the electric appliance. The cleaning device includes a cleaning element and an extend-retract mechanism. The cleaning element may be a brush, a sheet of cloth, or belt of cloth. The extend-retract mechanism causes the cleaning element to move to an operative position where the cleaning element is extended for cleaning the electric appliance and to a non-operative position where the cleaning element is retracted into the housing.

Abstract: A pivotable hairbrush for offering a hairbrush that would adjust to the contour of a user's head. The inventive device includes a pivotable head, a plurality of bristles protruding from the pivotable head, and a handle extending from one end of the pivotable head. The pivotable head includes a stationary portion and a pivotable portion wherein the pivotable portion and the plurality of bristles protruding therefrom conjointly pivot relative to the stationary portion so as to conform to the contour of the head of a user.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to an improved vacuum cleaner comprising a foot, a handle pivotally mounted to the foot, and a vacuum motor mounted to one of the handle and the foot. The foot has a suction inlet fluidly connected to the vacuum motor and an agitator brush rotatably mounted to the foot. The improvement relates to a wheel assembly comprising a housing, an axle mounted to the housing and at least one wheel rotatably mounted to the axle. The housing has an integrally-molded flange extending therefrom. The wheel assembly rollably supports the vacuum cleaner on a floor surface. A channel is formed in the foot and is adapted to pivotably mount the housing flange for movement between a first and a second position. In the first position, the wheel assembly supports the suction inlet at a first distance relative to the floor surface. In the second position, the wheel assembly supports the suction inlet at a second distance therefrom.

Abstract: A ring-shaped suction head for containing and aspirating fluids falling to the floor of a surgical operating room has a flow channel recessed in the bottom surface of a ring-shaped body, a suction port communicating with the flow channel and a containment wall extending from the bottom surface to define a fluid containment area within the body. The ring-shaped configuration defines an opening through the body coinciding with the containment area and permitting grasping with the hand for positioning the suction head on the floor of the operating room, particularly under a stream of fluid to contain the fluid within the body.

Abstract: A hold-open device for a door provided with a closing mechanism comprises an operating arm connectable at one end to the closing mechanism, a guide track, a sliding unit movable in the guide track and connected to the opposite end of the operating arm, and a retainer unit mounted in the guide track. The retainer unit includes a body part held in the guide track at a selectively adjustable position therealong, a holder piece turnably journalled at one end region to the body part, a spring urging the holder piece toward a position in which its opposite end region can engage the sliding unit, and an adjustment member effective between the body part and the holder piece for limiting turning movement of the holder piece relative to the body part.

Abstract: A handle with interchangeable and releasably attachable implements, such as a razor-blade shaving head or a toothbrush head. The handle has a body portion and a head portion. The head portion has retaining structure formed thereon. Each implement has engaging structure formed thereon. The engaging structure of the implement releasably attaches to the retaining structure of the head portion of the handle. The retaining structure may include a pair of recesses oppositely disposed in the head portion. Each of the recesses may have a slot formed in a respective side of the head portion. The engaging structure may include a pair of projections disposed in a spaced relationship on the implement. Each of the projections may including a resilient tab projecting outwardly therefrom.

Abstract: A hinge assembly for use with an expandable performance platform that allows relative independent pivotal movement between its first or extension panels and its adjacent second or base panel. The hinge assembly allows the extension panels to lay atop the base panels for storage or transport by providing movement of the pivot axis as the extension panel is pivoted. The hinge assembly also provides a flat performance area with a minimum of gaps along its abutting edges when the extension panels are in a performance mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates in particular to the refurbishment of automotive or similar vehicular door hinges or the refurbishment of worn hinges in general Automotive door hinges specifically for "F" Body vehicles manufactured by General Motors and generally for automotive door hinges originally constructed as non-repairable riveted assemblies are subject to load related elongation of hinge bushing apertures thereby causing doors to sag. The present disclosure is of a kit permitting the repair of worn hinges without replacement of the entire hinge assembly and the method of repair.

Abstract: A method for separating woody material from plant fibers is disclosed which includes the provision of a plurality of woody material bending regions with the plant material being fed to a first and then a second one of the bending regions as bending and pulling surfaces are moved through the bending regions. The bending and pulling surfaces move through the regions at different operating speeds so that the bending and pulling surfaces in adjacent bending regions will pull on the plant material to separate the fibers from the woody material. As the bending and pulling surfaces primarily impart a pulling or stripping force on the fiber along its length where the fiber has its most strength, the woody material can be dislodged and stripped away lengthwise with minimal damage or breakage of the fiber. The step of providing bending regions can include the step of providing first and second sets of fluted rollers having bending and pulling radially extending flute surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention is a locking belt attachment assembly for an electronics device that allows the electronic device to be attached to a person's belt and that locks the electronic device into a vertical position, thus preventing rotation while the electronic device is on the person's belt. In an embodiment, the locking belt attachment assembly employs two pieces: a clip and a cleat. An attachment post on the cleat is designed to be selectively inserted into a slot on the belt clip, but once fully inserted into the slot, the attachment post may rotate. For the attachment post to be insertable in the slot, the electronic device is rotated to a 90 degree angle from the clip, positioning the attachment post in an insertable position relative to the slot.

Abstract: A coupling link (100) to be interconnected between a hoisting device and a shortenable hoisting chain (54,55,56) is provided. The coupling link is elongated and comprises a connecting portion (110) in the form of a loop for connection to the hoisting device and an anchoring portion (150) for anchoring of an end link (51) of the hoisting chain. A selected link, namely a support link (55), of the hoisting chain is inserted in a support slot (132) between two support shanks (131a, 131b) of the coupling link, and a hoisting chain link adjoining the support link, namely an engagement link (54), will make contact, at an end portion thereof, with corresponding seating surfaces (133a, 133b). The loop portion (110) defines a free internal space (111), which is dimensioned to enable pulling through the hoisting chain (50) for adjustment of its effective length and which directly adjoins the support slot (132).

Abstract: A length adjusting device for fastening straps of a mask includes an oblong elastic thin plate with a plurality of stepped hook portions. One strap of fastening straps of the mask is to be detachably fitted at a base end portion of the elastic thin plate and another strap of the mask is to be engageably fitted on the stepped hook portions. The elastic thin plate may have a piercing hole at its base end portion, into which the strap of the mask is to be detachably fitted, and/or have opposing hook portions which opposingly project from both its upper and lower sides and incline toward the base end of the elastic thin plate. The piercing hole may have a cut and the cut may extend slantingly toward a tip side of the elastic thin plate.

Abstract: A pressing-out device (1) for pressing a joint pin out of a bearing eye, comprising a pressing lever (3) and a support lever (2), which are pivotably connected to one another. The distance between the pressing lever (3) and the support lever (2) is presettable via an adjusting member (5). To press out the joint pin, the support lever (2) is supported on the bearing eye, and the pressing lever (3) performs a relative pivoting movement in relation to the support lever (2), which pivoting movement is brought about by a pressing member (4), and it presses the joint pin out of the bearing eye. To press out joint pins and bearing eyes of different designs under different conditions of use, the adjusting member is formed by an adjusting spindle (5) with a joint pin (9) extending at right angles thereto, with which joint pin different support levers (2) can be optionally and interchangeably coupled with receiving elements of various designs for the bearing eye.

Abstract: A method for extending a console for housing equipment to provide space for housing additional equipment. An extender frame is provided which has a platform for supporting additional equipment and an appearance which is complementary to the console frame. An extender support structure is also provided. One of a plurality of console support structures is removed from a first end of the console and the extender support structure is installed proximate the first console end. In addition, the method includes the steps of installing the removed support structure proximate a first extender frame end, and connecting the extender frame to the console to form a unitary extended console for simultaneously housing the equipment and the additional equipment.

Abstract: Reinforced, cuffed tubes are made by winding a plastic reinforcing filament around the outside of tubing and then applying a flexible layer on top of the tubing to just cover the filament and form a smooth outer surface. The filament is then removed from regions of the tubing using a pick to form a series of reinforced regions and unreinforced regions along the tubing. A second layer is then coextruded over the reinforced and unreinforced regions, which includes a longitudinal lumen. The tubing is cut into tubes midway along the unreinforced regions so that there is an unreinforced region at both ends of the tubes. An inflatable cuff is attached to each tube opening into the lumen in the second layer.

Abstract: A hexagonal mold is formed by a unitary base and a unitary cover. Each of the base and the cover form three of the six surfaces of a hexagonal mold cavity when the cover is placed on top of the base. The hexagonal mold may be used to form field emission display spacers and field emission display microchannels by placing etchable single fibers in the hexagonal mold to form hexagonal multiple fiber preforms. The preforms are then drawn to form multiple fibers that are placed in a rectangular mold to form a rectangular fiber block. The rectangular fiber block is then sliced into sheets which are then placed between a field emission display baseplate and a field emission display faceplate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an installation for fastening a connecting elem (1), specifically a U-shaped one, to the end (9) of a conveyor belt (10) with a peg-shaped fastening element (7). The fastening element is pushed through entry openings in the connecting element and through the conveyor belt, and is deformed at least in the area of its preceding end by a ram (36) that has a deforming contour, and is located in a tool (16). According to the invention, there follows also a secondary deformation of this area by a pressure bar (38), which is brought into contact with the tool containing the ram and the deformed end of the fastening element, after the contour of the fastening element had been already deformed.

Abstract: An attacher of a loop pin for hooking a tag includes a turnable lever connected to a lower end of a link which is biased in a predetermined direction, a piston holder connected to another end of the link which slides forwardly and backwardly along a guide bar, and a tubular piston bar having a pressing portion formed with a slit at a distal end thereof, a rear end of the piston bar being bent into an L-shaped configuration and mounted on the piston holder.

Abstract: A piling machine includes a table with a plurality of step-shelves, a slider and a stopper. One of a plurality of iron strips is placed in a prescribed order on each of the step-shelves, caught by the slider one by one, and piled together as the slider proceeds. When the slider is stopped by the stopper, all the strips are piled up to form a strip assembly. The stopper has a curved front surface to neatly hold the strip assembly, thereby easily forming the strip assembly into a desired shape.

Abstract: A machine for driving inserts into pieces of sheet metal includes an automatic loading device having a plurality of cartridges containing inserts of different types. Each cartridge can be connected selectively to an insert-supply duct integral with the punch.

Abstract: A micro filled material includes a binding material and optionally includes a number of particles. The binding material and the particles can be formed of any conductive or nonconductive material. Using such a micro filled via material, an electrical conductor is formed in a substrate for supporting one or more electronic components using the following steps: placing the micro filled via material between two conductive layers at various locations in a substrate at which an electrical conductor is to be formed; and optionally programming the micro filled via material to reduce the resistance of, or to form an electrical conductor.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the steps for forming an electrical conductor between conductive layers of a printed circuit board include the following steps: (1) applying a first dielectric material on a first conductive layer; (2) forming a number of via holes at each of the predetermined locations in the first dielectric material at which an electrical conductor is to be formed; (3) selectively applying a second dielectric material to at least fill each of the via holes, to form a composite dielectric layer; (4) applying a second conductive layer on the composite dielectric layer; (5) etching the first conductive layer to form a first electrode; (6) etching the second conductive layer to form a second electrode; and (7) applying a programming voltage across the second dielectric material in each of the via holes to form an electrical conductor in each of the via holes, each electrical conductor connecting an electrode in the first conductive layer to an electrode in the second conductive layer.

Abstract: The claimed invention provides an ultrasonic welding method, whereupon joint portions in which a copper foil portion and a twisted-wire electric cable are placed one upon the other in each groove of a resin casing, the grooves having a through-hole portion. In the through-hole portion, the copper foil portion and the twisted-wire electric cable are placed one upon the other. Welding is performed in a state in which the piled-up portion is sandwiched between a welding tip formed at an end of a welding head and an anvil. Thus, the joint portion between the copper foil portion and the twisted-wire electric cable invade and are invaded by a portion of the resin casing softened by welding heat. The joint portion is fastened not only by welding, but also by the solidified resin.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a condenser for a refrigerator, a heat discharging tube is attached to a heat discharging plate made of ABS resin to improve a heat discharging effect of the condenser, while a back portion of the refrigerator is covered with the heat discharging plate to improve an external appearance. A heat discharging tube is disposed on a lower molding jig, and the heat discharging tube is covered with a heat discharging plate. An upper molding jig and a lower molding jig are combined with each other, and air is discharged between the lower molding jig and the heat discharging plate to create vacuum therebetween so that the heat discharging plate is combined to the heat discharging tube by a vacuum-sucking force.

Abstract: An aerosol tilt valve has an integrated molded hollow stem shaft and molded conical stem cup. An upper outer circumferential edge of the stem cup normally fully seals, except when the valve is tilted, against a gasket surrounding the stem shaft. The outer lower wall of the stem shaft and the inner wall of the stem cup define an annular space. At least one molded metering orifice below the upper edge of the stem cup extends from the annular space through the stem shaft. The stem shaft is molded with a molded annular recess about the lower shaft end and with the at least one molded metering orifice. The molded stem shaft is inserted in a mold cavity. A lower portion of an annular shield blocks the metering orifice, and together with the mold cavity and lower part of the stem shaft, defines the stem cup shape. The stem cup is molded having an annular projection extending into the annular recess to form a strong and fully integrated stem cup and stem shaft functioning essentially as one piece.

Abstract: A grease fitting is made by forming its outer shell in a series of cold forging steps to make a blank with the necessary thread blank at one end, a hexagonal center portion, and with a grease-fitting-mating nipple outline at the other end. Threads are rolled onto the thread blank, and the grease-gun-mating nipple is rolled to smooth and burnish its surface. The grease fitting is then successively drilled to make a hole of three different diameters to form the one-way valve ball seat and two ball spring clearance diameters. The ball and spring are inserted, and the end of the hole is formed over the end of the spring to capture the spring into place.

Abstract: One or a plurality of valve-operated branch pieces can be attached to any point of any pipe. To this end, two opposite openings (16, 18) are made in the pipe (10), and a branch valve body is clamped about the pipe in bracket-like manner at the prepared site.

Abstract: A double-ended utility knife having a housing or handle including an elongated, generally rectangular base member with a first end, a second end, a front side, and a back side is disclosed. The front side of the base member has a front compartment and a cover and the back side has a back compartment with a cover where the covers are attached to the front and back sides, respectively. Each of the compartments and covers extends less than the total length of the base member and is located at opposite ends of the base member. Each cover is secured to the base member by its own screw so that only one cover need be removed in order to replace a blade. Blades extend from both ends of the housing and have their own actuator so that each blade may be extended or retracted independently of the other.

Abstract: A hand held utility knife (20) is provided internally with a rectilinear guidance track (42) for the cutting blade (28), while the operating button (38) for advancing and retracting the blade (28) is guided in a curved slot (40). The mechanism (36) for advancing and retracting the blade (28) comprises a member (44) with a spigot (46) at the front end of member (44) and the operating button (38) at the rear end of member (44), which pivots on the spigot (46) relative to the blade (28). The spigot (46) is rectilinearly guided by internal ribs (64, 66) within the handle (22), independently of the rectilinear track (42) for guiding the blade (28).

Abstract: A ground guide system for a trimming head of a powered vegetation trimmer, which may be of the type having a rotatable drum enclosing a spooled trimming cord and a bump feed mechanism on the bottom of the drum, comprises a housing above the drum, a hollow hub mounted within the housing and coupled to the drum for driven rotation therewith, an elongated mounting shaft slidably received within an axially extending sleeve fixed within the housing for upward and downward axially-directed motion, a spring for resiliently biasing the mounting shaft in a downward axial direction, and a ground guide threadably attached to the mounting shaft below the bump feed mechanism for adjusting trimming height. The mounting shaft includes an actuating ring arranged to operatively engage the bump feed mechanism incident to bumping the ground guide against a rigid environmental surface to restore a free end of the trimming cord.

Abstract: The utensil which indicates when the inside of a marshmallow is melted includes a user-grippable handle (7) having a plurality of elongated wires (8) extending from one end for impaling a marshmallow for toasting. Wires (8) are flexible to be drawn together at open end for impaling marshmallow and are biased to return to their original position precisely when marshmallow is melted inside. The utensil would typically be held in users hand to toast marshmallow over open heat source.

Abstract: A rotary cutting blade including an elongated body made of steel and having opposite ends, a leading edge extending from each opposite end, an upper surface, a lower surface and a cutting surface extending between the upper and lower surfaces along a portion of the leading edge, and a laser hardened portion extending from an opposite end of the body along the lower surface and the leading edge, the laser hardened portion having a thickness extending toward the upper surface and to the cutting edge.