Abstract: A process for the production of automobile parts lacquered with two coats, in which two coating layers are applied on both sides of a coil of sheet metal and are each stoved, and corresponding sheet metal parts are then stamped out of the coil and shaped by the deep-drawing process. In each case by the coil coating process, a coating composition (A) which comprises, based on its solid resin composition, 55 to 80 wt. % of one or more polyester-polyols, 2 to 10 wt. % of one or more aromatic epoxy resins and, as crosslinking agents, 5 to 15 wt. % aminoplast resin and 10 to 25 wt. % blocked polyisocyanate is applied to produce the first coating layer, and a coating composition (B) which comprises, based on its solid resin composition, 60 to 80 wt. % of one or more polyester-polyols and, as crosslinking agents, 10 to 20 wt. % aminoplast resin and 10 to 20 wt. % blocked polyisocyanate is applied to produce the second coating layer, the sum of the constituents of the coating compositions in each case being 100 wt.

Abstract: A clutch housing for a vehicle transmission assembly and a method of making the same. The housing is generally cup-shaped with an axial hub. The outer wall of the housing is formed with a plurality of longitudinal splines of varying configurations. Select splines are formed at an increased depth. A groove is formed in the exterior surface of the housing at a depth sufficient to intersect the select splines of the inner surface thereby forming apertures through the wall of the housing. The dimensions of the apertures are determined by the configuration of the exterior groove and the interior splines.

Abstract: A holddown device is disclosed for use with a automatic machine tool, such as a CNC router. The holddown device comprises a flat box having a hollow interior forming a reduced pressure chamber therein and having a planar work surface for placement of workpieces to be engaged by the machine tool. The chamber formed in the interior of the box is connected to an air evacuation device which is capable of moving large volumes of air. A plurality of plenums substantially cover the planar work surface. Holes within each plenum extend through the work surface into the chamber to provide fluid connection between the interior of the box and each of the plenums, whereby the partial vacuum is created in the plenums. The partial vacuum in the plenums serving to hold down the workpieces positioned on the work surface. The holddown device provides a flexible and universally applicable system for holding down workpieces on the machining center, eliminating set up time, and allowing machine time to be used for productivity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an elongated member from a superconducting ceramic material comprising the steps of providing a hollow supporting body of metal or a metallic compound having a hollow inside section therein, introducing a superconducting ceramic material into the hollow inside section of the hollow supporting body, drying the above liquid, so that the superconducting ceramic material is coated on the inside of the supporting body; and firing the supporting body and the ceramic material in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing low cost integrated microwave assemblies, where a photoresist layer is deposited onto a substrate, a portion of the photoresist is selectively removed, a first conductive layer is applied, and, a second portion of the photoresist is removed leaving isolation walls and cavities. Electrical components are placed in the cavities and a first dielectric layer fills the cavities. Vias are created in the first dielectric material exposing the electrical contacts, a second conductive layer is applied into the vias and over the first dielectric material. The second conductive layer is patterned by removing a portion of the second conductive layer creating a signal line pattern in the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A head suspension assembly includes a load beam, a flexure and a constraint structure for limiting range of motion of the flexure tongue. The constraint structure directly engages a free end of the flexure tongue to restrict the range of motion of the free end of the flexure tongue. This constraint structure is on the disk-confronting surface of the load beam to overlap the proximal end of the flexure tongue. The constraint structure may be formed in one piece with a proximal extension of the flexure.A method for manufacturing a head suspension assembly of the type including a load beam and a flexure, includes a step of incorporating into the suspension assembly a constraint structure for directly engaging the free end of the flexure tongue to restrict the range of motion of the flexure tongue.

Abstract: A semi-automatic lacing machine used to lace a pair of blocks together to form a block and tackle assembly that will frequently be used in the manufacture of other products. The apparatus includes a structure for receiving a pair of blocks and a line therein, and structure including a first and a second guide, and a threader to advance the line through the first and second guides and thereby through the blocks received within the apparatus.

Abstract: A collet assembly for picking and placing a disc pack in an automated assembly process, the collet assembly having a retractable cylinder that extends to spreadingly engage a segmented collet against a lifting surface of the disc pack to support the disc pack during a lifting operation. The collet assembly is positioned by a positioning assembly to an engaging position adjacent the disc pack. A locking cylinder supports a lower pad and an upper pad on opposing sides of a flange portion of the collet assembly, to provide a fixed mode in a retracted position of the locking cylinder wherein the collet assembly position is fixed relative the positioning assembly, and to provide a compliant mode in an extended position of the locking cylinder wherein the collet assembly is free to compliantly float in a two-axis plane relative to the positioning assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling copper-caul-copper elements to be used in the fabrication of printed circuit boards. The apparatus comprises a roll section which has two rolls of copper that provides the rolled copper sheets to a cutting section. The cutting section includes two clamp mechanisms which clamps the two rolled copper sheets and a cutting apparatus that cuts the two rolled copper sheets to produce two cut sheets of copper. The apparatus includes a grasping device that reaches into the cutting section to partially extract the rolled copper sheets prior to cutting. The apparatus also includes a carriage section and a caul supply section. After the rolled copper sheets have been cut, the grasping device extracts the copper sheets and positions these sheets in the carriage assembly as the caul supply section is simultaneously supplying the caul to the carriage.

Abstract: A device and method for positioning a resin-sealed lead frame that includes semiconductor devices and resin for sealing the semiconductor devices on the lead frame. A break unit is provided for moving the resin-sealed lead frame to a break table. The break unit includes a vacuum suction portion to hold the resin-sealed lead frame during movement and to release it when the resin-sealed lead frame is brought into a receiving opening associated with the break table. The receiving opening is defined by a plurality of guides with the outer tip portions of the guides providing the receiving opening as a space larger than that occupied by the outer configuration of the resin-sealed lead frame. The guides have a slope to position the resin-sealed lead frame onto the break table after it is released in the receiving opening. The break unit further includes push down pins for pushing down and breaking off unwanted extra portions of resin from beneath the resin-sealed lead frame.

Abstract: An integrated circuit cartridge extracting method includes providing a generally u-shaped frame including a crossbar and first and second legs extending from the crossbar. An upper bar is located adjacent to the crossbar. First and second rods are coupled to the upper bar and extend through the crossbar. Each rod has a dowel extending out from a lower portion thereof for engaging a device to be extracted, such as an integrated circuit cartridge. A cam lever is operatively in contact with the upper bar and the cross bar. The cam lever is moved from a first position to a second position which causes the upper bar to move away from said crossbar and thereby extract a device engaged by the dowels.

Abstract: A polymer based circuit production method provides a polymer based circuit by exposing a surface of a polymer substrate to ultraviolet radiation resulting in an adhesion promoted polymer substrate surface. A circuit is fabricated on the polymer substrate surface and a coating material is applied to at least a portion of the adhesion promoted polymer substrate surface. A portion of the circuit fabricated on the polymer substrate surface may be encapsulated. The polymer based circuit resulting from the method includes a polymer substrate having an ultraviolet radiation treated surface, a circuit formed on the polymer substrate surface, and a coating material encapsulating at least a portion of the at least one circuit between the polymer substrate and the coating material.

Abstract: A heat generating component is encapsulated within an encapsulant. A window is made in the encapsulant to expose a heat dissipating surface of the component and a heat sinking device is attached to the heat dissipating surface of the heat generating component. The window is formed using a laser.

Abstract: An IC card includes a generally rectangular frame. A circuit board assembly is mounted on the frame, with the circuit board assembly including a generally planar dielectric substrate having circuit traces and at least one electrical component mounted thereon. A receptacle connector including terminals is mounted at an edge of the circuit board assembly, with the terminals being adapted to mechanically and electrically engage the circuit traces on the circuit board assembly. Complementary interengaging latches are provided between the frame and the receptable connector for securing the receptacle connector at the edge of the circuit board assembly and for ensuring a mechanical and electrical connection between the terminals and the circuit traces on the circuit board assembly. The invention also contemplates a method of fabricating the IC card according to the above.

Abstract: The technique involves attaching a stiffener to a flexible substrate that has solder balls on the substrate. The steps include locating the flexible substrate on the stiffener with the solder balls on the side away from the stiffener, and drawing a vacuum to hold the flexible substrate in place. Locating the stiffener on a support with a pressure sensitive adhesive on a surface facing away from the support, and drawing a vacuum to hold the stiffener in place. Then, applying a pressure around the solder balls against the flexible substrate in the order of 2000 pounds per square inch to force the flexible substrate against the stiffener.

Abstract: An automatic wiring device comprises an initial wiring unit for performing initial wiring processing on the coordinate plane surface for wiring arrangement to be processed, a short cost value setting unit for setting a cost value on each unit cell arranged on the coordinate plane surface for wiring arrangement in such a way that the cost value of the unit cell on the connected wiring in the vicinity of the terminals of the connected wiring is set larger than the cost values of any other unit cells when there remains a terminal pair unconnected in the wiring processing by the initial wiring unit, and a peeling and rewiring unit for performing wiring processing by the cost-attached labyrinth method, using the set cost values, and if peeling off another wiring in the above wiring processing, performing rewiring processing for connecting a terminal pair getting unconnected owing to the wiring being peeled off.

Abstract: A structure includes a support layer formed of a conductive material, such as a sheet of copper. The support layer has a number of conductive islands isolated from other portions of the support layer by isolation gaps. The support layer is sandwiched between two compound layers each of which is formed of a dielectric layer having a number of via holes and conductive elements located in the via holes. The conductive elements are formed at predetermined locations such that a conductive element in each compound layer contacts a conductive island in the support layer. The structure also includes two conductive layers formed on the two respective compound layers such that a trace in a first conductive layer is coupled to a trace in a second conductive layer through two conductive elements in the respective two compound layers and an island in the support layer. Such a structure can be formed by a number of processes.

Abstract: Electrical cables are joined end-to-end within an elongate, imperforate, expandable jointing body. A tubular-shaped mounting tool is inserted into an end of the jointing body and supports at its forward end a separable, forwardly tapered extension cone whose maximum outer diameter substantially corresponds to the desired expanded inner diameter of the jointing body. The mounting tool is inserted into the jointing body when the mounting tool is inserted into the jointing body. A handle rearwardly of the cone permits its removal from the jointing body but the jointing body itself maintains its position so as to maintain an expanded opening in the end of the jointing body. Thereafter, removal of the mounting tool seals the cable joint as a result of contraction of the cross-section area of the jointing body.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead having a drug which is no more than sparingly soluble in water applied to the electrode surface. In the preferred embodiment the lead of the present invention possesses an electrode treated with a very slightly soluble in water steroid, such as beclomethasone dipropionate anhydrous. Preferably the steroid is applied to the surface of the electrode which contacts tissue when implanted. A method of manufacturing such a lead is also disclosed. Through such a design, a high impedance, low threshold lead which is simple and easy to manufacture is disclosed.

Abstract: An engine which employs a cam follower mechanism to reduce wear and reduce the size of an assembled engine. The cam follower mechanism utilizes guide rails located to reduce side thrust on the valve stem. The engine employs a high speed quill shaft to synchronize independent cam shafts existing in each of a plurality of interconnected engines. The engine is assembled using a single size fastener to provide a uniform stress gradient within the engine. The engines are interconnected utilizing O-ring seals. The engine provides a piston crown utilizing a connecting rod directly connected to the bottom surface of the piston crown. The piston crown is stabilized along the longitudinal cylinder axis by a rail guide. Connecting rods are provided which require less than one hundred eighty degrees (180.degree.) circumference of a crankshaft pin for support so that a plurality of connecting rods can be associated with a single crankshaft pin.

Abstract: There is disclosed an ink roller assembly and a method of making an ink roller assembly. The assembly includes a base comprised of closely spaced connected discs providing capillary chambers and a porous sleeve. The method uses air to expand the porous sleeve while the sleeve is being slipped onto the base.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a dynamic groove bearing (45, 71, 111) with an external bearing part (17, 61, 91) and an internal bearing part (47, 67, 113) which are rotatable relative to one another and which have cooperating bearing surfaces (39, 53), (63, 69), (103, 121) with groove patterns (41, 65, 105). According to the invention, the bearing surface (39, 63, 103) of one of the bearing parts (17, 61, 91) is formed and simultaneously provided with the groove pattern (41, 65, 105) through plastic deformation of a ductile material (36, 100) by means of a press tool (37, 101) and a die (1, 55, 73) with a die pattern (13, 59, 83) which corresponds to the groove pattern (41, 65, 105). The ductile material (36, 100) is, for example, a tin alloy such as white metal or Babbitt's metal. The die (1, 55, 73) can be repeatedly used so that large numbers of dynamic groove bearings (45, 71, 111) according to the invention can be manufactured in a comparatively simple manner.

Abstract: A hose cutter tool includes scissor arms joined at a pivot point having opposed jaws, one of which includes a cutter blade and the other of which defines an arcuate support surface to hold tubing material. As the arms are manipulated, the blade descends through and cuts the tubing material.

Abstract: A utility knife is provided with a feature of easy replacement of the blade and a characteristic that the utility knife body halves are prevented from separating from each other. The utility knife has a safety lock which is able to enhance the assembly between the body halves, such that even when the release mechanism of the knife is accidentally operated or the knife accidentally falls to the ground, the knife body halves are still securely attached with each other.

Abstract: An improved farrier nippers formed from two elongated members including handles, pivot regions and jaws. Blade members are formed separately from each elongated member and brazed into shelves of the jaws of the elongated members. Neck regions of the jaws of the elongated members each have an interior surface which is generally "V"-shaped. This facilitates removal of a portion of a work object which would otherwise obstruct a cut.

Abstract: A hand-held power working machine which is capable of reducing the weight of the clipper blades, capable of being suitably heat-treated in the manufacture thereof, and capable of minimizing the stress concentration at the slot portions during the operation thereof. The clipper blades comprise a large number of cutting edges, and a large number of slots formed along a full length of each of the clipper blades; wherein the pitch of array of the cutting edges is substantially the same as the pitch of array of the slots.

Abstract: An electric cable cutter is provided which can shorten the working time period, which allows the cutting work to be performed with a rotational torque corresponding to the kind of a work piece, and which has a clutch mechanism that, when a torque repulsion force of a predetermined level or higher is exerted, can cut off a power transmission mechanism.In a configuration wherein the rotational torque of an electric motor is transmitted to a cutter unit via a planetary gear reduction mechanism, the torque is transmitted via a plurality of gears (a constrained-gear train) which are rotatably disposed on a stationary portion and function as means for transmitting the rotational torque from a driving gear disposed in the final stage of the planetary gear reduction mechanism to a rotary blade.

Abstract: A shear device includes a pair of handles having one end pivotally coupled together at a pivot shaft, and a pair of cutter blades secured to the handles and each having a notch. A knob is slidably engaged in the handles and includes a pin for engaging with the notches and for securing the cutter blades together. A button is slidably engaged in one of the handles. The knob includes a pawl for hooking to the button and for securing the knob to the button such that the knob may be secured to the handles and such that the pin may not be disengaged from the notches of the cutter blades.

Abstract: A string trimmer head and head assembly include a plurality of arms which connect the head to a hub member. One or more flails are captured between the head and the hub member and extend outwardly into a cutting plane.

Abstract: In scissors, especially haircutting scissors, with two handles (1, 2) and handle eyes (4) arranged at the ends of the handles, where at least one of the handle eyes (4) is provided with a movable grip eye (5) which accommodates the thumb or a finger of the person using the scissors, in order to guide the scissors with movable grip eye (5) precisely and to reliably position the grip eye (5) in the handle eye (4), it is envisaged that the grip eye (5) is enclosed by the corresponding handle eye (4) along the entire circumference and displays guide elements projecting radially outwards on both sides, which lie laterally against the handle eye (4), meaning that the grip eye (5) can rotate freely about the axis perpendicular to the handle eye (4), while being mounted in the handle eye (4) in such a way as to be incapable of rotation perpendicular to this axis. (FIG.

Abstract: A toolless blade clamp is disclosed for mounting a saw blade to the drive shaft of a reciprocating saw, such as a jigsaw. The clamp has a housing formed with a channel into which the blade may be inserted and an inclined track along which a roller is movable. The roller is biased by a spring into engagement with the blade during operation of the reciprocating saw. A release device, also attached to the spring, is pivotally mounted to the housing and may be rotated against the spring load from a locked position adjacent the housing to an unlocked position away from the housing. A pair of elongated links are pivotally connected to the release device and pivotally support the roller therebetween. The links act to translate rotation of the release device to movement of the roller, such that rotation of the release device to the unlocked position pulls the roller away from the blade allowing the blade to be removed from the channel.

Abstract: A pencil sharpener with structure for covering the pencil receiving inlet of the sharpener, to prevent the back flow of the pencil shavings and accidental contact between the user and the cutting blades of the sharpener when the device is not in use. The device may have a key chain to enhance its portability, and include additional sharpeners to sharpen pencils (or crayons) of different sizes.

Abstract: An improved circle drawing tool is equipped with a doughnut-shaped outer board, a circular slide track mounted onto the outer board and an inner circular board provided with rolling balls in a plurality of receiving cavities thereof and having such a diameter that it can be rotarily engaged with the slide track as well as the doughnut-shaped outer board in assembly. On the doughnut shaped outer board are disposed a plurality of round holes distributed one by one consecutively according to their diameters. The are 4 straight lines separated apart at 90 degrees in angle. There are a number of small pen insertion holes consecutively spaced by 4 mm on each line and each starting point of the four lines is 1 mm farther away from the center of the outer board. There are 10 radial lines equally divided on the inner circular board. On each radial line there are a plurality of consecutive pen insertion holes defined thereon with every two neighboring points 10 mm spaced apart.

Abstract: An axle measurement holder device to fasten a measuring head to the rim (5) of a vehicle wheel (2), includes a base body (3) for direct or indirect stable contact with a rim (5) of a vehicle wheel (2). Two arms (13, 14) arranged diametrically opposed feature respective hooks (15, 16) at their ends that are directed radially outward to hook into a tread of a tire (17). The ends of the arms (13, 14) directed radially toward the inside are attached by means of a pivot bearing (11, 12) to the end of a one armed lever (13, 14), the end of which is directed away from the base body (3), the other end of which is connected to the base body (3) via an articulation (20, 21) and tension springs (22, 23). The one armed levers (7, 8) can be tensed radially inward by means of clamping devices. The one armed levers (7, 8) are each preloaded radially toward the outside by centering springs (33, 34) which exert the same force and have the same characteristics and which are supported at a central point of the base body (3).

Abstract: A pulley alignment gauge for aligning pulleys in a drive system, such as a front end accessory drive system on an automotive engine, includes pulley mounts and a laser connected to a frame. The drive belt is removed before the gauge is placed on the pulleys. The pulley mounts position the gauge on one of the pulleys in the pair to be aligned. The laser emits a light beam onto the adjacent pulley to determine pulley alignment. The laser targets the center rib of the adjacent pulley being aligned and the rib spacing is used to gauge the degree of misalignment.

Abstract: A drive device for aligning a theodolite with a target, in which the theodolite is mounted rotatably in the horizontal direction on a theodolite foot. Provision is made of a control knob and an encoder connected thereto, the encoder emitting control signals in accordance with the rotary movement at the control knob to a downstream control circuit. The circuit drives a positioning motor. The rotary table is arranged at the theodolite foot and carries the control knob. Provided between the theodolite and the rotary table is an electric contact which ensures the electrical connection between the encoder and the positioning motor.

Abstract: A gage for measuring the external threads of a threaded body has a segment housing formed from a housing body. The housing body has a generally U-shaped cross section with a bottom extending between a pair of opposite, upright sidewalls so that a channel with a longitudinal axis is defined. First and second gage segments are configured to engage the threads of the threaded body when the threaded body is positioned between the first and second segments and the first and second segments are closed together. The first gage segment is fixed to the housing body, and the second gage segment is received within the channel of the housing body. The second gage segment moves linearly within the channel along the longitudinal axis to allow the first and second segments to be separated for insertion of the threaded body between the first and second segments. This also allows the first and second segments to be closed together for engagement with the threaded body.

Abstract: A supporting element having a base positionable on a table of a measuring machine; a rod in turn having a vertical axis, and which is fitted to the base and movable axially to adjust the height of the supporting element; and an end portion fitted to the rod and cooperating with a position reference fixture moved by the machine; the supporting element also having locking means interposed between the rod and the end portion, and which are releasable to permit a limited amount of movement of the end portion with respect to the rod when configuring the supporting element.

Abstract: A device 10 for positioning a bumper post 12 adjacent to a structure 14 to guard against a moving vehicle engaging the structure 14. The device 10 includes joined wall 16 and wall angle members 36 and 38 for engaging the structure 14, joined post channels and post angle members 78 and 86 for engaging the bumper post 12, and adjustably joining the wall member 16 and post channels 78 to predetermined settings corresponding to a predetermined distance that the bumper post 12 is positioned from the structure 14.

Abstract: A cutting block alignment mechanism is provided including a mounting assembly adapted to releasably couple to a cutting block of a cutting drum. Next provided is a bracket for releasaby engaging a cutting tool of the cutting block. The bracket is adapted to be selectively lowered and moved laterally with respect to the mounting assembly.

Abstract: In an arrangement for fastening a length measurement device at a guide rail for a guide slide which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail and has a measurement rod and a measuring head which is movable relative to the latter, wherein the measuring head is detachably connected with the guide slide, the measurement rod is coupled directly, or indirectly in a positive engagement via a measurement rod carrier body connected with it, directly to the guide rail (1)so as to be detachable. The measurement rod or the measurement rod carrier body can be inserted by its longitudinal edges into corresponding recesses arranged at the guide rail.

Abstract: There is provided an improved centrifugal dryer that includes a motor section or portion, a dryer section or portion disposed therebelow, and a reservoir section or portion disposed below the dryer portion, the dryer portion being hingedly attached to the reservoir portion. A product slurry is introduced into the dryer portion through a center inlet pipe and flows into the dryer section where the product is dried by forcing the fluid in the slurry through apertures in a perforated screen held in position between upper and lower screen positioning plates.

Abstract: A steam re-compression vacuum dryer includes a vacuum tank for accommodating waste; a first steam duct for removing steam from the vacuum tank; a steam compressor for compressing steam removed from the vacuum tank via the first steam duct and for producing a vacuum pressure in the vacuum tank; a steam condenser disposed in and/or thermally coupled to the vacuum tank; a non-condensing gas exhausting device for automatically exhausting non-condensing gas from the steam condenser; and a condensation water exhausting device for automatically exhausting condensation water from the steam condenser. If desired, a gas heater can be provided on the first steam duct to heat gas withdrawn from the tank through this duct. This gas heater may use steam discharged from the steam compressor as a heat source. The steam condensing device can be disposed in the vacuum tank, or it can be integral with an outer surface of the vacuum tank (e.g., the tank wall may have a double wall construction).

Abstract: A scent charged aeration capsule assembly emplaced over the effluxive end of a hair blower whereby, during the blower's operation, a selected fragrance may directed into a subject's hair. Alternatively, a hair blower manufactured or modified to comprise a pad emplacement chamber permitting emplacement of a fragrance impregnated pad therein.

Abstract: A hair drier has a hollow handle, a barrel support device disposed on the hollow handle, and a barrel disposed on the barrel support device. The barrel has a through hole, a heat collection net, a fan, and a motor. A flame nozzle is disposed in the barrel support device. A gas igniter is disposed in the barrel support device in front of the flame nozzle. The hollow handle has a gas chamber, a battery chamber, a gas adjustment button, a motor speed adjustment button, and an ignition button. A gas pipe is connected to the flame nozzle and the gas chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for overnight drying and storage of wet boots, shoes, gloves, mittens and the like, which consists of a furniture-style cabinet with capacity to hold and dry all of the foot and hand apparel of a family or other group in a typical vacation lodging environment. The cabinet contains means to support apparel for drying and a drying air distribution device wherein ambient drying air is drawn-in from the surrounding room and is fan driven from a plenum into a plurality of individual conduits through conduit flow restrictors. By resisting the free flow of air, conduit flow restrictors act to substantially equalize the air flow through all conduits, regardless of length. The individual conduits convey the ambient drying air to the interior chambers of the apparel items and cause overnight drying. Air mixing within the cabinet assures overnight drying of the exterior surfaces of apparel.

Abstract: A device for transferring a web of paper in the drying section of a paper making machine from one dryer to the next without any open draw. The device is a stationary vacuum bridge that is defined by a pair of walls, and includes rollers on one of the walls for the felt of the drying section to roll thereon.

Abstract: Acording to the invention, the size reduction of a wet mass of vital gluten is carried out while said mass is in a brittle state, as a result of which, on the one hand, the vitality is preserved and, on the other hand, savings in energy for the subsequent drying process are achieved. Said brittle state can be achieved by the mass being cooled to a temperature of -75.degree. C. or less. Also described is an apparatus for implementing such a method, and a combination thereof with a drier.

Abstract: This invention is an improved continuous process for drying and solvent extraction of water-wet solids without experiencing sticky solids comprising the steps of (1) mixing the input water-wet with solvent, (2) feeding said mixture into two or more stages of evaporation in parallel or in series to evaporate some of the water present in the input solids or sludges and to extract some of the indigenous solvent-soluble compounds from the solids, (3) feeding the slurry from the parallel or serial stages of evaporation in series to one or two final evaporation stages operated at pressures above atmospheric at preferably between pressures of 18 psia and 150 psia and more preferably between pressures of 18 psia and 50 psia, (4) feeding the slurry from the final stages of evaporation to a centrifuge or other device for separating most of the solvent from the solids, (5) subjecting the water-wet solids to none, one, or multiple extraction stages before, during, or after the evaporation stages, (6) at times, feeding th

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry end for drying a material web, in particular a paper or cardboard web, having at least one drying group with a plurality of drying cylinders and web guiding rollers and at least one nozzle device for transporting the threading part of the material web along a winding path by means of at least one conveyor band. The dry end is characterised in that groups of at least two nozzle devices (17, 19, 21) located at the same side of the material web (11) follow each other in the direction of transport of the material web (11).