Abstract: A film deposition apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a gas supplier, a gas exhauster, and a discharging means, the film deposition apparatus forming a deposited film on a substrate provided in the vacuum chamber by a plasma enhanced CVD process, wherein at least one louver is provided at the interior and/or vicinity of the plasma discharging space in the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: An improved method of reducing the level of contaminants (e.g., fluorine) absorbed in films deposited within a substrate processing chamber. A seasoning layer is deposited within the substrate processing chamber to cover contaminants that may be absorbed within walls or insulation areas of the chamber interior. The deposited seasoning layer is more stable than prior art seasoning layers and is thus less likely to release the absorbed contaminants into the substrate processing chamber during the subsequent deposition of films. In a preferred embodiment, the seasoning layer is formed from a mixed frequency PECVD process in which the low frequency RF signal is supplied at a high power level to increase ion bombardment and enhance film stability. The increased bombardment favors the formation of stable SiF bonds between silicon and fluorine atoms in the lattice structure of the film rather than unstable SiF2 or other bonds. When residual fluorine atoms (e.g.

Abstract: A substrate to be coated with a thin film is placed inside a vacuum chamber, an ECR plasma is generated and introduced into the vacuum chamber by means of a specified magnetic field generated inside the vacuum chamber and a reaction gas, as well as an inert gas, is introduced into the vacuum chamber while a negative DC voltage superposed with a high-frequency pulse with frequency 25-250 kHz is applied to the substrate by a voltage applying device such that the voltage of the substrate reaches a positive value instantaneously. The frequency of the superposed pulse is selected by using an ammeter to determine an optimum frequency for minimizing the load current of the voltage-applying circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the efficient vermicomposting of organic containing wastes. A continuous thin layer of biomass is formed in which worms are established and encouraged to compost and migrate. The thinness of the biomass layer increases uniformity and allows for a higher rate of worm activity. By moving the biomass upon a conveying surface a continuous open system is created. New matter is introduced, digested and withdrawn while maintaining the active worms within a portion of the biomass. Spatial efficiency is provided by creating multiple beds in a stacked configuration.

Abstract: In an exemplary form, the invention provides a liner for a litter box cover designed to rest on a litter box bottom. The liner comprises a sidewall for lining a substantial portion of a sidewall of the cover otherwise exposed to pet waste during normal operation. The sidewall comprises a fluid impermeable layer and an aperture for access by a pet. The liner further comprises at least one fastener for being held in position relative to the cover. The liner may include a top comprising a fluid impermeable layer attached to the liner sidewall around a substantial portion of a lateral periphery of the top. In addition to the fluid impermeable layer, the liner sidewall preferably includes a sorbent layer for absorbing pet urine and preferably a claw-resistant layer for protecting the sorbent layer. Using the foregoing liner for a litter box cover together with a liner for a litter box bottom achieves significant reduction in bacteria or odor buildup in a litter box.

Abstract: An aquaculture system for allowing live seafood such as clam seeds to grow on a floatation raft which can be positioned in water dock spaces of a marina. A first embodiment allows for an air source such as a regenerative blower to pump air into airlifts under the floatation raft causing seawater to become aerated to flow into and up through screens in container units in the raft allowing for the live seafood on the screens to become both aerated and fed. A second embodiment is a downwell unit where the aerated water flows down the container units through the screens. The upwell air lifts can be modified with spray arm attachments to convert the system from upwell to downwell flow operations. The airlifts can have forty-five degree angled cut bottoms, and include extension tubes for allowing deeper seawater to be introduced into the system. Removable filters can be attached to the airlifts to filter out undesirable contaminants from the system.

Abstract: An animal habitat for housing animals which allows the animals to move between two or more modules or chambers. The animal habitat comprises a plurality of lower tier modules having passageways therebetween for allowing animals to move from a lower tier module to an adjacent lower tier module and a plurality of upper tier modules having passageways therebetween for allowing animals to move from one upper tier module to an adjacent upper tier module.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an animal carrier for use inside and outside of vehicles which comprises a cage-like enclosure having a top, a front, a rear, and a pair of sides intersecting with at least the front and a carriage for supporting the enclosure having a bottom, a front, a rear, and a pair of sides intersecting with at least the rear. Attachment members removably connect the cage with the carriage. At least one wedge is secured with the carriage rear and is adapted to be engaged with a seat belt of the vehicle for removably securing the carrier within the vehicle.

Abstract: A debris catching trough for debris catching troughs for depending below a bird cage for collecting debris that falls out from the sides of the bird cage. The debris catching trough includes an open trough having spaced apart inner and outer side walls and a bottom wall connecting the inner and outer side walls of the trough together, the inner side wall of the trough defining a central opening. A plurality of spaced apart hangers upwardly extend from the bottom face of the trough to permit hanging of said ring trough beneath a bird cage.

Abstract: A soft rawhide product is made by soaking raw animal hides in a humectant or combining chopped rawhide particles with the humectant and a soft edible binder. The humectant is taken up by the rawhide and provides a soft rawhide product even after the product is permitted to dry or is exposed to the air for long periods of time. The presence of the humectant and binder not only contribute to the softness of the rawhide product, but permits an increase in the moisture content and/or flexibility of the rawhide while still maintaining an acceptably low water activity. An additional benefit is an increased ability to import colors, flavors, scents, nutritional material or drugs into the edible chew toy product.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ergonomic animal leash intended for animals such as dogs, horses and circus animals. The leash has a gripping handle that permits a user to grasp the first or upper handle with substantially more strength than that afforded by typical leashes. Further, the animal leash also has a second gripping handle which permits the user to quickly and safely closer control over the tethered animal.

Abstract: A leash assembly includes a retractable leash in combination with a pet refuse bag dispenser. The bag dispenser underlies a handle of the leash and includes a lid for permitting access to an inner cavity in which a plurality of bags are disposed. The bag dispenser is either integrally formed with the leash handle, or removably connected to a base of the handle. The plastic bags are disposed within the inner cavity such that the bags may be individually removed. The plastic bags may be selectively removed through a window provided in a side wall of the bag dispenser. The plastic bags may also be removed through a lid having slits through a flexible membrane. Alternatively, a cartridge containing the folded bags is inserted into the bag dispenser and either includes a window which substantially aligns with the bag dispenser window for access to the plastic bags, or a tear away tab for the removal of the bags through an open end of the bag dispenser.

Abstract: The invention is to provide dog's clothes which are very familiar with the motions of the shoulder and waist accompanying the walk of a dog, are adhered closely to the lower belly and does not hinder movements of the four legs, wherein the invention is constructed so that a front edge which is made arc-shaped to the curvature around the neck and a rear edge which is also made arc-shaped to the curvature around the body from the waist part to the lower belly are provided at the front (chest part) to such a degree that these cover an area from the neck part to the lower belly of a dog, wherein parts in the vicinity of both side edges of the front (chest part) and said front and rear edges are made into a shoulder suspension part and a waist suspension part; respective tip ends of said shoulder suspension part and waist suspension part are made so as to be connected to or separated from each other at a degree of overlapping freedom; and front and rear leg parts into which four legs are inserted are made thr

Abstract: A gas water heater including a water container adapted to be heated by a gas burner; and an enclosure surrounding the burner, the enclosure having at least one heat sensitive entryway adapted to allow air and fumes to enter the enclosure without igniting flammable gases or vapors outside of the enclosure.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for producing hot water comprising at least one burner (13) arranged to produce rapid combustion inside the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber consists of a sealed container (14) delimiting an internal volume separated from the water so as to allow dry combustion. Said container (14) is immersed in a water section (12) and it is extended by at least one smoke gas diffuser (15) diffusing the smoke gases above the water section within a mass of water showered by spraying means (10). A layer of nodules (11) can be interposed on the path of the smoke gases and the sprayed water so as to increase the thermal exchange generated, by direct contact between the smoke gases and the water spray, and by conduction between container (14) and water section (12). The invention enables to achieve excellent thermal efficiency levels while producing smoke gases with a reduced CO ratio.

Abstract: The present application relates to an injector for use in an internal combustion engine designed to work with fuel/emulsion. Two fuel inlet passages, which are connected to a multichannel distributor and used for feeding fuel from a high pressure hose, are linked with a mixing unit surrounding the nozzle needle. Downstream of the multichannel distributor, in the vicinity of the mixing unit, a make-up liquid inlet passage is connected to a second fuel inlet passage through which the make-up liquid, especially water, is fed to produce emulsified fuel.

Abstract: A system is provided wherein temperature conduction upon the changing of temperature of cooling water in an engine is forecast, and achievement of a cooling control system with an improved life and reliability and a reduction in cost results therefrom. A butterfly valve for regulating the flow of cooling water is rotatably controlled through a DC motor, a clutch mechanism 33 and a deceleration mechanism 33 so as to cool the engine at an appropriate temperature. A PWM signal generated by a quick response control and a PI control on the basis of at least load information of the engine is supplied to the DC motor 31 from ECU, whereby the butterfly valve 34b is rotatably controlled. A butterfly valve adjusting the flow of cooling water is controlled with the degree of valve opening by a thermo-element enclosing a thermal expansive body such as wax.

Abstract: A cooled one piece piston for use in an internal combustion engine has a piston body with piston cooling gallery disposed annularly in the piston body and a flange portion extending radially from a supporting portion of the piston body. A piston ring belt portion is connected to the piston body and to the flange portion by welding to provide strength and rigidity, to close off the piston cooling gallery and to define a closed piston cooling gallery. The closed piston cooling gallery has a preselected longitudinal length sufficient to provide a maximum amount of fluid shaking space for improved piston cooling.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine comprising an engine block consisting of a crankcase, at least one cylinder sleeve extending from the crankcase and a coolant jacket disposed around the cylinder sleeve or sleeves and a cylinder head mounted on the engine block, the coolant jacket is a separate component consisting of a material lighter than the normally used cast iron jacket and is firmly engaged between the crankcase and the cylinder head which is mounted onto the cylinder sleeve or sleeves.

Abstract: An engine comprises a cylinder, a combustion chamber, a piston reciprocable within the cylinder, a connecting rod and a rotatable output shaft. The piston is in drivable connection with the output shaft via the connecting rod, a drive ring and a torque lobe. The torque lobe is a circular plate eccentrically mounted on the output shaft for rotation therewith about the axis thereof The drive ring is an annular sleeve which is rotatable around the rim of the torque lobe and is in contact therewith. The connecting rod is slidably mounted with respect to a carrier fixed to the drive ring for axial movement relative thereto. One end of the connecting rod is pivotally fixed to the piston, the other end of the connecting rod being engageable with a cam fixed to the torque lobe, whereby rectilinear movement of the piston is converted to rotary movement of the torque lobe or vice versa.

Abstract: The engine includes at least two cylinders 2 laid out flat and opposed one to the other, a crankshaft 9 to transmit to the output shaft of the engine the energy provided by the explosions in cylinders 2. A rigid connecting rod assembly 18 connects crankshaft 9 to the pistons 17 mobiles in cylinders 2. Connecting rod assembly 18 is assembled directly on the crankshaft 9 which is cast solid, without sliding shoe. The bottom of each cylinder 2 ends in a trunked cone whose top determines, with an end of piston 17, an exhaust port which is closed before the lights of transfer, by starting a strong depression and a overfeeding of the engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke internal combustion engine having a Schnürle scavenging system includes a pair of first scavenging ports and a pair of second scavenging ports. An inner horizontal scavenging angle formed close to an exhaust port and an outer horizontal scavenging angle formed remote from the exhaust port by a pair of scavenging flows blown out of the pair of the first scavenging ports are both set to an angle in the range of from 116 to 124 degrees. An inner horizontal scavenging angle formed close to the exhaust port and an outer horizontal scavenging angle formed remote from the exhaust port by a pair of scavenging flows blown out of the pair of the second scavenging ports are set to angles in the ranges of from 126 to 134 degrees and from 146 to 154 degrees, respectively.

Abstract: A tappet (1) is designed to be coupled for different lifts of at least one gas exchange valve. It comprises an outer annular section (2) which concentrically encloses a circular section (3). Both sections (2, 3) are axially movable relative to each other and are loaded in the region of their bottoms (4, 5) by cams of different lifts. Slides (8, 9, 13) extend in receptions (6a, 6b, 7) of the bottoms (4, 5). The first slide (8) cooperates with locking means (14) which scan a signal track on the opposing cam and, in a response to a lift of the signal track, block or permit a longitudinal movement of the first slide (8), the locking means yielding in their releasing direction under action of force. At the same time, the third slide (9) delimits on its radially outer end face (15), a pressure chamber for hydraulic medium. A displacement of all the slides (8, 9, 13) into their coupled position can be effected through this hydraulic medium.

Abstract: An automatic decompression system for an internal combustion engine, especially a one-cylinder diesel engine, with at least one outlet and one inlet valve, which are activated by a camshaft (20) with at least one cam (1), wherein the outlet valve is lifted during starting to reduce the cranking resistance, wherein there is provided for lifting the outlet valve at speeds below a switching speed for changeover from decompression to compression a fully automatic lifting device, which engages in the cam (1) of the outlet valve and effects lifting of the outlet valve from the valve seat, wherein the lifting device is equipped with a bow-shaped member (22), pivoted in articulated relationship, disposed between cam (1) and a cam disk (2), which bow-shaped member has two articulated arms (11) and a crosspiece (14) joining them, and which at speeds below the switching speed occupies in the cam plane an engaged decompression position, in which it projects beyond the cam base circle, and which can be disengaged into a n

Abstract: A cam holder includes a second air passage. A lower knock pin is positioned in the second air passage and service to position the cam holder on a cylinder head and to connect the second air passage to a first air passage formed in the cylinder head. The second air passage is bent and can be formed by machining from two directions into in the cam holder. The lower knock pin is press-fitted in a first groove around a perimeter of a lower opening of the second air passage. A second groove can be formed around the first groove to accommodate an o-ring. An upper knock pin is press-fitted in a third groove around a perimeter of an upper opening of the second air passage. The upper knock pin serves to position the cam holder on a cylinder head cover and to connect the second air passage to a third air passage formed in the cylinder head cover.

Abstract: The invention concerns a built-up piston (1) with an upper part (2) made of an iron material and a lower part (3) made of an aluminum alloy. The object of the invention is to increase the loading capacity of the bosses. To that end, the lower part (3) comprises cast-iron or steel gudgeon pin bosses (4) which are screwed at lest to the lower part (3).

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston body with a bottom. The piston body has at least two shaped sheet metal parts having monolithic flaps bent out of a radial plane of the piston body. The flaps are positioned at the bottom of the piston body. The flaps have eyes for at least one connecting rod. The piston is preferably designed without a skirt. Instead of the flaps, it is also possible to provide the bottom of the piston with a projection that is conical and tapers in a direction away from the bottom. The connecting rod is then connected to this projection.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a piston arranged to move reciprocally in a predetermined direction relative to an engine block. A drive shaft is mounted in the engine block and arranged to be driven by the piston in rotational motion about a first axis perpendicular to the direction of motion of the piston. Rotational motion of the drive shaft is transferred to a first shaft that is mounted in the engine block parallel to the drive shaft. Rotational motion of the first shaft is then transferred to a second shaft such that the engine produces a rotational output about an output axis that is parallel to the direction of reciprocal motion of the piston.

Abstract: A single cylinder, internal combustion engine with a dry sump lubrication system. The engine includes an engine housing in which the overhead camshaft and crankshaft are rotatably supported, and the housing includes an integrally formed cylinder and head. A timing belt disposed externally of the engine housing interconnects the crankshaft and camshaft, and a piston connected to the crankshaft reciprocates within an internal bore provided in the engine housing cylinder. The cylinder wall around the internal bore is of a generally uniform thickness and circumscribed by cooling fins such that the cylinder resists bore distortion during operation. Dry sump lubrication is obtained by an external oil reservoir connected to a pump which supplies pressurized oil to the bearing journals of the camshaft. A portion of the oil at the camshaft bearing journals flows through passages provided within the cylinder to lubricate the bearing journals of the crankshaft.

Abstract: Switching off a fuel pump of a fuel supply system for the internal combustion engine with the aid of a signal from a retardation sensor of the airbag in the event of a crash in which the motor vehicle is involved is known. To further enhance the safety of motor-vehicle occupants, a method is proposed for an internal combustion engine which has at least one fuel injection valve, a fuel supply system for the at least one fuel injection valve, and a sensor for detecting a crash. After the crash has been detected by means of the sensor, the fuel injection valve is brought into an open position, with the result that fuel is discharged from the fuel supply system of the fuel injection valve into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The method according to the invention is provided for internal combustion engines with at least one fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of combustion chamber configurations for direct injected internal combustion engine. Each embodiment employs a bowl in the head of the piston which is offset to one side of the piston and the fuel injector sprays into the peripheral edge of the bowl and toward the axis of the piston. The bowl configuration is such that the injected fuel is swept upwardly toward the center of the piston and toward a downwardly-facing spark gap mounted above the piston in the cylinder head so as to ensure the presence of a stoichiometric mixture at the time of firing, regardless of the amount of fuel injected.

Abstract: A fuel control system for a cylinder injection type internal combustion engine which can avoid frequent changeover of engine control mode and ensure a sufficient vacuum level for a brake operating pressure while protecting against degradation combustibility and fuel-consumption performance of the engine without resorting to additional provision of a special circuit or device. The system includes an intake air flow sensor (2) for detecting an intake air quantity (Qa) fed to an internal combustion engine (1) for thereby outputting a corresponding information signal, a crank angle sensor (5) for detecting a rotation speed (rpm) (Ne) of the engine (1) and a crank angle thereof to thereby output a corresponding information signal (SGT), and a pressure sensor (17) for detecting a brake operating pressure (PB).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a control apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine especially of a motor vehicle. The engine has a combustion chamber (3) into which fuel is directly injected and is combusted in a homogeneous mode of operation or in a stratified-charge mode of operation. The engine includes an underpressure store (6) connected to an intake manifold (1). The underpressure store (6) makes available the auxiliary energy which is required for the servo units (8, 10, 11) of the motor vehicle. In the method and control apparatus, a throttle (19), which is provided in the intake manifold (1), is so adjusted during stratified-charge operation of the engine that the pressure in the intake manifold (1) is reduced in the event that a suppressed injection is present especially because of overrun fuel cutoff or a charge of pressure to the underpressure source (6) because of at least one servo unit (8, 10, 11) whereby the underpressure in the underpressure store is reduced.

Abstract: A drive unit includes a hydrodynamic retarder having a rotor paddle wheel, a stator paddle wheel, and a housing surrounding the rotor and stator wheels. The unit includes a coolant cycle system for an internal combustion engine, the coolant for this coolant cycle also being a working medium of the retarder. The drive unit further includes a working medium container for the coolant which is connected to the coolant cycle system. A connecting pipe is disposed between the working medium container and a hydrodynamic center of the retarder. A valve is disposed in the connecting pipe.

Abstract: A device for controlling the amount of the air taken in by an engine, for improving the starting performance of when the accelerator pedal is depressed from the idling state. The device comprises a throttle control means 10A for operating a target throttle opening degree &thgr;o of a throttle valve 6 based on said throttle opening degree &thgr;, an accelerator opening degree &agr; and an idle signal D, and a throttle actuator 7 for opening and closing said throttle valve so that said throttle opening degree comes into agreement with said target throttle opening degree, wherein said throttle control means includes a means 11 for operating a first target throttle opening degree &thgr;o1 based on said accelerator opening degree, a means 12 for operating a second target throttle opening degree &thgr;o2 based on the idle signal, and a means 13 for operating a target throttle opening degree &thgr;o by adding up the first and second target throttle opening degrees together.

Abstract: An engine speed governor controls a diesel engine in a motor vehicle. The engine control has a processor for processing data for Engine speed governing, including developing fuel request data comprising data components derived from proportional, integral, and derivative processing of difference between actual engine speed and requested engine speed. A data source, such as a gear selector switch in an automatic transmission vehicle or a clutch switch in a manual transmission vehicle, distinguishes between engagement and disengagerrent of the vehicle driveline with and from the engine. A respective first table, such as a map, is associated with each of the proportional, integral, and derivative processing and provides selectable calibration values used by the processor to develop the fuel request data when the driveline is engaged with the engine.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for controlling a drive unit of a vehicle are suggested. A desired torque value or a desired power value is formed on the basis of the driver command which serves to control the drive unit. A maximum permissible torque or a maximum permissible power is determined and the desired value is limited to the maximum permissible value when the desired value exceeds the maximum permissible value.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling ignition timing in an internal combustion engine includes a cam sensor for generating a standard position signal for each standard piston position, a position sensor for generating a single angle signal, a control unit for controlling ignition timing based on the standard position signal and the single angle signal, a timer for detecting a time from the standard position signal before the ignition timing, and a device for setting an ignition-starting timing after said standard position signal when an engine rotation speed is less than a predetermined rotation speed.

Abstract: An engine control system quantifies engine acceleration advances ignition timing in accordance with the quantified engine acceleration. The control system includes a controller that receives signals indicative of engine speed and crankshaft angle and periodically determines whether the engine acceleration falls into one of four quantified ranges of acceleration: a rapid acceleration range, a moderate acceleration range, a gradual acceleration range; and a range of de minimis acceleration (i.e., substantially no acceleration). The controller then adjusts ignition timing according to engine speed and to the particular acceleration range. In doing so, the controller determines a desired ignition timing by referencing ignition timing maps stored in the memory of the control system. Each map corresponds to one of the acceleration ranges.

Abstract: A first fuel inlet, a second fuel inlet, a first fuel outlet, and a second fuel outlet of a valve assembly of a high-pressure fuel pump are formed radially outside an aperture portion of a fuel pressurization chamber.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply assembly includes a high-pressure fuel pump for pressurizing fuel from a low-pressure fuel intake passage and discharging high-pressure fuel into a high-pressure fuel discharge passage, a high-pressure damper disposed in the high-pressure fuel discharge passage for absorbing surges in the high-pressure fuel, a high-pressure regulator disposed in a branch passage branching from a branch portion of the high-pressure fuel discharge passage for adjusting the high-pressure fuel from the high-pressure damper to a predetermined pressure, and an orifice disposed in the high-pressure fuel discharge passage downstream from the branch portion for absorbing surges in the high-pressure fuel.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel reservoir for a fuel injection system for internal combustion engines, which is supplied with high-pressure fuel by a high-pressure fuel pump and which has connections embodied as connection stubs, from each of the connection stubs one connecting bore discharges into the tubular body eccentrically to the axis of the tubular body. The tubular body is produced by forging, with three connecting stubs and fastening elements formed on by forging.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic fuel injection valve, a fitting surface of a valve housing, over which a seal positioning ring is fitted, is formed of a diameter smaller than that of an annular sealing surface over which a seal member is fitted. A tapered surface is provided between the fitting surface and the sealing surface, and a resilient projection is formed on the seal positioning ring, so that the projection is in pressure contact with the tapered surface in a state in which the seal positioning ring has been fitted over the fitting surface. Thus, the seal positioning ring can be retained easily and precisely in a regular position on the outer peripheral surface of the valve housing by a reaction force provided by the resilient projection and hence, no post-treatment is required.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus controls an intake air flow based on the engine torque or the fuel injection amount. A variation of the A/F ratio and deterioration of a driving “feel” owing to the response delay of air intake against the fuel injection is suppressed. The phase of fuel injection is caused to fit that of the air intake phase by delaying the fuel injection or by speeding up the air intake.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling an engine for models include setting an injection period for fuel in accordance with an amount of fuel per cycle required for operating of the engine; judging whether the injection period is below a minimum injection period controllable in a fuel injection apparatus of the engine, selecting an intermittent injection data corresponding to the injection period when the injection period is below the minimum injection period; and intermittently injecting fuel into the fuel injection apparatus for a controllable injection period at an injection timing based on the selected intermittent injection data.

Abstract: In a fuel injection control system for an internal combustion engine, a fuel atomization device is provided to atomize fuel injected at the time of engine starting. The fuel atomization device may be a type which increases fuel pressure to a higher value at the time of engine starting than after the engine starting. Alternatively, the fuel atomization device may be a type which supplies assist air to the injected fuel. An intake valve is opened for a longer period at the time of engine starting than after the engine starting, so that more fuel may be supplied to an engine cylinder. A fuel leakage which may occur during engine stop is estimated, and the amount of fuel to be injected at the time of next engine starting after the engine stop is corrected by the estimated amount of fuel leakage. Fuel injection timing at the time of engine starting is retarded relative to that of post-engine starting.

Abstract: A fuel transfer model of a fuel supply system is used to set and control the fuel pump of a return less fuel injection system. The model simulates characteristics of the fuel pump, fuel pressure transfer delay of fuel supply conduits and fuel pressure variation characteristics such as caused by expansion and compression of the fuel supply conduit volume due to an elastic coefficient and the like. The fuel pump model simulates a torque applied to the fuel pump motor, inertia, and the relationships between pump rotational speed, fuel pressure and fuel pump discharge amounts. A compensation control arithmetic calculation model may be derived from inverse calculation based on this fuel transfer model.

Abstract: An evaporated fuel treatment apparatus that includes a fuel tank, a canister with an opening to the atmosphere, a charging passage that causes the fuel tank to communicate with the canister, a purging passage that causes the canister to communicate with the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, a pressure adjustment valve installed in the charging passage, a bypass valve installed in a passage that bypasses the pressure adjustment valve, a purge control valve installed in the purging passage, a vent shut valve capable of opening and closing the opening port, an internal pressure sensor for detecting the internal pressure of the fuel tank, and a controller that opens the fuel tank to atmospheric pressure or opens the fuel tank to a negative pressure by controlling the bypass valve, purge control valve, and vent shut valve.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine intake manifold has a wall separating internal manifold space from an external space. An EGR valve for recirculating engine exhaust gases mounts on the wall such that an EGR outlet port of the EGR valve is communicated to the internal manifold space. EGR valves having various mounts for closing valve mounting holes in the manifold wall are disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel injection system comprising a common rail pressure reservoir filled with fuel at high pressure and having a dual-substance nozzle for dual fluid injection of fuel and a supplementary liquid into an internal combustion engine. The system includes a first 2/2-way valve, in the injection line between the common rail pressure reservoir and a pressure chamber surrounding the nozzle needle of the dual-substance nozzle, and a second 2/2-way valve, whose inlet communicates, via a feed line with the injection line at a point between the first 2/2-way valve and the pressure chamber. An outlet of the pressure chamber communicates with the low-pressure fuel side via a drain line (8). As a result, the otherwise usual, technologically much more complicated 3/2-way magnet valves can be replaced with more economical 2/2-way valves. At the same time, the possibility is afforded of shifting the quantity metering for supplementary liquid to a single metering valve that serves an entire group of fuel injectors.