Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a node apparatus that can prevent the occupation of a queue by a long message without preparing a large amount of queues. The apparatus is equipped with input interfaces, a switch, output interfaces, and queues. The node is also equipped, in the input interfaces, with input transmission-message monitoring points, and is equipped, in the output interfaces, with output transmission-message monitoring points. The node is also equipped, in a switch controller, with a control table for associating a flow corresponding to internal information of the transmission message with this internal information thereof and a per-flow counter for counting the transmission message that corresponds to each flow. Threshold values are provided within the control table, and these threshold values are compared with a counted value of the per-flow counter, thereby managing the transmission messages.

Abstract: In a repeating apparatus of a layer 2 LAN, when a received frame is a destination-unknown frame, a frame for path detection having a shortest data length is generated using a destination address of the above-mentioned received frame and an address of the own apparatus and it is broadcasted; and when a responding frame returned from a repeating apparatus having found the destination for the above-mentioned frame for path detection is received, the above-mentioned received frame is transmitted for a transmission source of the above-mentioned responding frame.

Abstract: An asynchronous transfer mode connection band control system in a system for transmitting and receiving an asynchronous transfer mode cell utilizing an asynchronous transfer mode network, has data storage means for storing a connection band of a preferential switched virtual connection having high preference in the asynchronous transfer mode network being stored preliminarily as a band acquiring data and storing acquired band data of a switched virtual connection currently established connection, and connection band control means for performing control of connection band on the basis of a total number of bands derived by a sum of the band acquiring data and the acquired band data stored in the data storage means.

Abstract: A shaper allowing an arbitrary transmission time and simultaneous transmission of a plurality of packets is disclosed. A content-addressable memory stores a plurality of scheduled transmission times, at each of which at least one packet is to be transmitted. A packet management table stores linkage information indicating a linkage of a plurality of packets that are to be transmitted at a same scheduled transmission time. A current-time searcher searches the content-addressable memory for a scheduled transmission time matching the current time. At least one packet can be transmitted at the scheduled transmission time matching the current time by referring to the packet management table.

Abstract: A data processing system comprises a cluster of devices (16) interconnected for the communication of data in streams, particularly digital audio and/or video data. One of the devices (10) is a source device for at least two data streams to be sent to one or more other devices (12, 14) as destination devices of the cluster. To enable synchronization of the stream presentations by the destination devices, some or all of the devices (10, 12, 14) carry respective tables (11, 13, 15) identifying, for that device, an identifier for each type of data stream that the device can process together with the processing delay for that stream. The or each such table is accessible via the cluster connection (18) to whichever of the devices, at source, destination or in between for the signal, is handling application of the necessary offsets.

Abstract: A method for performing translation type mapping in a No. 7 gateway signaling network is disclosed, which configures and searches a translation type mapping table to perform the pertinent translation type mapping between communication network providers using different translation types. An interworking signaling connection control part service can thus be provided without modifying the signaling network, suspending service, or newly defining a translation type.

Abstract: In a communication network, end-user systems are connected via a common transmission medium to a timeslot assignment unit. Each end-user system has a buffer for storing packets, and a queue length detector for detecting a queue length of the stored packets. The end-user system forwards packets on assigned timeslots to the network and transmits a signal for indicating the detected queue length to the assignment unit. The timeslot assignment unit maintains timeslot records to store count numbers of assigned timeslots, determines a total count number of timeslots assigned to each end-user system during a period corresponding to the delay time of the unit, and receives a queue length signal from each end-user system. From the total count number and the queue length a virtual queue length is determined for indicating the number of packets to which timeslots are still not assigned. Based on the virtual queue length, timeslots are assigned to each end-user system.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing the number of lines receivable by a subscriber of digital telecommunication services when the pre-existing interior lines of the subscriber's premises is less than the number of digital lines to be received is provided. A master multiplexor is located at the subscriber's side of a network interface connector and is connected to a slave demultiplexor located within the subscriber's premises via an interior, pre-existing twisted-pair line. In a first embodiment, two or more digital lines extend from the central office of the service provider to the subscriber's premises terminating at the network interface connection. Digital data received from the digital lines is multiplexed by the master multiplexor across the interior, pre-existing twisted pair line to the slave demultiplexor. The slave demultiplexor demultiplexes the digital data and provides it to two or more digital lines located within the subscriber's premises to which digital data receiving devices are connected.

Abstract: A data processing system comprises a cluster of devices (16) interconnected for the communication of data in streams, particularly digital audio and/or video data. One of the devices (10) is a source device for at least two data streams to be sent to one or more other devices (12, 14) as destination devices of the cluster. To enable synchronisation of the stream presentations by the destination devices, the source device (10) includes buffers (20, 22) arranged to apply a respective delay to at least one of the data streams, followed by a multiplexer (32) arranged to combine the streams into a single data stream for transmission via a first data channel (18) linking said source (10) and destination (12, 14) devices. The source device may include data processing means (34, 36) interposed in the signal path between the buffers and multiplexer.

Abstract: A channel pointer extractor extracts channel pointer value inserted in a SDH signal based on the pointer position information contained in the channel information, each time the channel information is detected by a channel information detector. A reference data readout section readouts the reference data of the channel specified by the channel identification information contained in the channel information from a reference data memory, each time the channel information is detected by the channel information detector. A pointer processing section judges the states of justification and alarm, from the channel pointer value extracted from the channel pointer extractor, and reference data read out by the reference data readout section and generates a new reference data based on the judgment results.

Abstract: A SDH signal generation portion generates and outputs an SDH signal by increasing/decreasing the AU point values contained in the SDH signal, using a sequence pattern made of a plurality of arbitrary combinations of basic patterns, a single basic pattern being made of changing the AU pointer values successively for a predetermined repetition number of times with the same increase/decrease type and repetition cycle. A memory stores in a different memory area for each basic pattern, taking the increase/decrease type, repetition cycle and repetition number of times as one set of basic pattern information, for basic patterns used in the SDH signal generation portion, and, stores an address designating a memory area storing the basic pattern information of the basic pattern following its own basic pattern for respective basic pattern.

Abstract: A laser beam emitted from a laser source provided at a silicon substrate passes through a hologram element formed of a translucent flat plate and a grating, thereby being Subjected to NA conversion executed by an NA converting lens, passing through a polarizing film of a polarization beam splitter, and converging onto a magneto-optical disk via a collimator lens and an objective. A part of back-reflection from the magneto-optical disk, which is reflected by a polarizing film of the polarization beam splitter, is reflected by a reflection surface of the splitter, then branched into two polarized light beams by a Wollaston prism, and guided to one light receiving element group. On the other hand, another part of the back-reflection, which passes through the polarization beam splitter, is branched into two beams by the hologram element and guided to the other light receiving element groups.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor optical waveguide array in an ultra-high integration, the device yield per wafer is considerably increased and uniform and improved characteristics are obtained. In this method, there is manufactured a semiconductor optical waveguide array including a plurality of optical waveguides in an array structure in stripe-shaped growth regions enclosed by dielectric thin films on a substrate. The waveguides are fabricated through a selective crystal growth process and include a semiconductor multilayer structure including a quantum well layer or a semiconductor multilayer structure including a bulk layer. Namely, there is formed a plurality of stripe-shaped growth regions elongated parallel to each other, the regions being enclosed with a dielectric thin film. In each growth region, a semiconductor multilayer structure is selectively grown by metallo-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a calcium fluoride crystal in which the light transparency does not deteriorate with consecutive irradiation by high output short wavelength light over long time periods. A calcium fluoride crystal in accordance with the present invention has an internal transmittance of 70% or more for light of 135-nm wavelength or over. A calcium fluoride crystal contains any one of strontium, aluminum, silicon and magnesium, with the strontium content ranging from 1 ppm to 600 ppm, the aluminum content ranging from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, the silicon content ranging from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, or the magnesium content ranging from 1 ppm to 10 ppm. A calcium fluoride crystal has an internal transmittance of 70% or more for light of 135-nm wavelength or over and contains 1 ppm or less of La and 10 ppm or less of Y. An optical system for an excimer laser in accordance with the present invention comprises a lens comprising any calcium fluoride crystal set forth above.

Abstract: A method of determining contact wear in a trip unit of a circuit breaker is presented. The trip unit includes a microcontroller and associated memories. An algorithm (program) stored in a memory of the trip unit measures temperatures relative to circuit breaker contacts and cumulative energy dissipated in the breaker contacts, and utilizes them in a variety of analysis techniques within the trip unit to determine contact wear. These techniques include, by way of example, differential temperature analysis, measurement of cumulative energy dissipated in the breaker contacts, and calculated contact wear using sampled electrical currents and voltage and Ohm's law.

Abstract: A method of transmitting/receiving signals in a CDMA cellular radio transmission system comprising modulating a signal source with a channelization code having a length corresponding to a spreading factor to form a signal intended for transmission over a radio link. According to the invention, the spreading factor is adapted for use in said modulation step. When receiving the modulated signals, the spreading factor used in an adaptive manner during modulation is determined and employed during demodulation.

Abstract: A frequency error estimating apparatus for estimating a frequency error between a local oscillation frequency and a carrier frequency of a received signal in a receiver includes a frequency error estimating unit (11) that suppresses a noise component included in the received signal according to a filter coefficient input to an averaging filter (23), and estimates a frequency error based on an output of the filter; and a filter coefficient determining unit (12) that calculates a filter coefficient based on a differential of estimate values of the frequency error from a first symbol, and changes the characteristics of the filter. In the receiver, the frequency error estimating apparatus can secure high precision in estimating a frequency error without losing the level of following the time variation in the Doppler frequency.

Abstract: A picture encoding system conversion device and a code rate conversion device for realizing the conversion taking into account both time delay and picture quality using the information on the code volume of the encoding parameters, input and output buffers and an input bitstream. There are provided a decoder 1 including an input buffer 21, a VLD unit 22, an inverse quantizer 23, an IDCT unit 24, an adder 35, a frame memory 26 and a motion compensation prediction unit 27; an encoder 2 including an adder 31, a DCT unit 32, a quantizer 33, an inverse quantizer 34, an IDCT unit 35, an adder 36, a frame memory unit 37, a motion compensation prediction unit 38, a VLD unit 39 and an output buffer 40; and a transcoder controller 3 including a decoder monitor unit 51, an input buffer monitor unit 52, a reception transmission channel monitor 53, a sending transmission channel monitor 63, an output buffer monitor unit 62 and a quantization step controller 74.

Abstract: The correlation between a coded block on the screen of the current image and a plurality of candidate blocks which exist in a search area on a reference screen temporally different from the current image and which has the same area as that of the coded block is obtained to select a candidate block having the highest correlation to obtain its displacement as a primary motion vector. Then, the positional relationship between a motion vector/corresponding candidate block and the reference screen is estimated to determine whether the search area/candidate block is positioned inside of the boundary of the reference screen. When a part of the search area/candidate block is positioned outside of the boundary, the position of the primary motion vector so that the search area/candidate block is located inside of the boundary of the reference.

Abstract: A data compressing apparatus which can reduce a processing load associated to a data compressing process. The data compressing apparatus is used in a data transmitting apparatus for performing a data transmission, and includes a transmission mode selecting circuit for selecting the first transmission mode or second transmission mode in accordance with information indicating a kind of input data, a data compressing circuit for compressing the input data and transmitting it to a data output terminal, and a switch for allowing the input data to be transmitted to the data output terminal in accordance with the first transmission mode and allowing the input data to be transmitted to a data compressing circuit in accordance with the second transmission mode. The transmission mode is selected by the transmission mode selecting circuit on the basis of the signal indicative of the kind of input data.

Abstract: A communication method and data transmission protocol adapted to an image communication apparatus is provided. More particularly, this protocol provides a structure in which video, audio, and control data are multiplexed for communication, wherein loss of data other than video and audio data can be minimized, video, audio, and control data can be easily separated when the receiver side reads a packet data, and its control data can be set so as to select an image quality and a retransmission privacy mode.

Abstract: An interface circuit (100) and method for interfacing digital signals with a bus, comprising: means (TxduC) for receiving digital signals, for transmission on the bus, relative to a first ground potential; transformer means (106) for passing edges of the received digital signals; and reconstruction means (110) for reconstructing signals from the edges of signals passed by the transformer means, so as to produce digital signals, for transmission on the bus, relative to a second ground potential. A similar circuit (CANL, 130, 134) interfaces, from the second ground potential to the first ground potential, signals received from the bus. The reconstruction means may use Schmitt triggers, whose bias points may be set by oscillators incorporating further Schmitt triggers (120, 142) located on the same semiconductor die to reduce temperature variability.

Abstract: In a bandwidth-limiting apparatus, control is performed of the oscillation frequencies of each of three local oscillators of three intermediate-frequency circuits, and the passband is limited by adjusting the width of and shifting the IF, the intermediate frequency at the last stage being converted by a frequency conversion means to a low frequency suitable for processing, which is then bandwidth limited by a filter function of a digital signal processor. Control of each passband is performed in linked fashion by control stored in a microcomputer circuit, and the sharp shape factor of the digital signal processor is effectively used to eliminate noise from the deviation passband. Because noise is eliminated before the detection stage, there is no cause for the intrusion of wraparound noise, thereby eliminating the necessity to perform excessive bandwidth limiting.

Abstract: A frame synchronization detecting circuit is provided which is capable of efficiently reducing power consumption in a hunting state.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a phase-locked loop circuit which receives a first signal having a frequency and converts the first signal into an output signal having a transmission frequency. The phase-locked loop circuit includes a current output type phase comparator which converts a phase difference between the first signal and a second signal into a current signal, a low pass filter which filters the current signal of the current output type phase comparator to produce an output signal, a voltage controlled oscillator which produces an output signal having a transmission frequency corresponding to the output signal of the low pass filter, the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator constituting the output signal of the phase-locked loop circuit, and a frequency converter which frequency-converts the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator to produce the second signal.

Abstract: An X-ray computer tomography apparatus comprises a high-voltage transformer which performs the increase and noncontacting transmission of the power simultaneously and outputs a desired high voltage for causing X rays to be generated at the rotatable gantry section. The high-voltage transformer is divided into a primary-side which is provided on the static gantry section and to which the output of a frequency converting circuit is supplied and a secondary-side which generates a high voltage. A capacitor is connected to a secondary coil of the high-voltage transformer, thereby forming a resonance circuit.

Abstract: Method and system for delivering a message over a telecommunications network to a recipient comprising transmitting a message over the telecommunications network to the recipient when a predetermined energy/silence condition is detected, performing echo cancellation on a signal communicated from the telecommunications network, and monitoring the signal to detect the energy/silence condition.

Abstract: Authentication of voice message recipient network addresses employs generating (102) and storing (104) a “network file” that includes “voice clips” and associated network addresses that are extracted from voice messages received across a network (10) from voice message systems (16, 18). A voice clip is the first one to three seconds of voice extracted from each received voice message. Over time, the network file will grow to contain multiple voice clips and associated network voice message addresses. When a voice message originator subsequently enters a recipient's network address (106), the originating voice message system searches (114) the network file for the network address, retrieves the associated voice clip (116), and plays it for the voice message originator to authenticate the recipient's network address.

Abstract: A system for inputting a Web-page input data into the Web page, includes: a public switched telephone network (PSTN); a wire/wireless telephone, coupled to said PSTN, for sending a telephone call to said PSTN; and sending the Web-page input data in response to a set of guide messages; an interactive voice response (IVR) device, coupled to said PSTN, for sending the set of guide messages to said wire/wireless telephone in response to the telephone call; and converting the Web-page input data into a Web-page input code; and a Web server, coupled to said PSTN, for inputting the Web-page input code into the Web-page, thereby creating the Web page containing the Web-page input code as the Web-page input data. The system can save a time period taken to input the Web-page input data into the web page by employing the wire/wireless telephone. Further, the system can efficiently and simply input the Web-page input data into the Web page by employing the wire/wireless telephone.

Abstract: A network monitoring agent is disclosed that monitors network conditions, such as traffic volume, and determines when to dynamically adjust the encoding scheme for one or more connections. The network monitoring agent can select an encoding standard based on, for example, current network traffic volume, network error characteristics, time of day or day of week. In the illustrative network traffic implementation, an encoding standard that provides a lower degree of compression and a higher quality level is selected at times of lighter network traffic. Likewise, as network traffic increases, an encoding standard that provides a higher degree of compression, although at a lower quality level, is selected in order to maximize the network utilization. The network monitoring agent notifies one or both of the devices associated with each connection of changes in the encoding scheme. Generally, both devices must change the compression algorithm at the same time, to ensure proper decoding of received packets.

Abstract: A trusted rendering system for use in a system for controlling the distribution and use of digital works. A trusted rendering system facilitates the protection of rendered digital works which have been rendered on a system which controls the distribution and use of digital works through the use of dynamically generated watermark information that is embedded in the rendered output. The watermark data typically provides information relating to the owner of the digital work, the rights associated with the rendered copy of the digital work and when and where the digital work was rendered. This information will typically aid in deterring or preventing unauthorized copying of the rendered work to be made. The system for controlling distribution and use of digital works provides for attaching persistent usage rights to a digital work. Digital works are transferred between repositories which are used to request and grant access to digital works.

Abstract: An arbitrary function generating circuit incorporating an analog multiplier, amplifier, and frequency multiplier to construct a nonlinear analog circuit equivalent to a generalized Lotka-Volterra equation for performing high-speed calculations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a directional microphone assembly comprising a front and a rear microphone for compact communication devices, such as hearing aids, mobile phones etc. The present invention integrates most or all electronic processing circuits required to form a directional microphone output signal using a front and a rear microphone signal. Accordingly, the directional microphone assembly according to the present invention occupies less volume compared to traditional microphone assemblies.

Abstract: A compliant hearing aid has a housing formed with an exterior peripheral layer of a deformable material. Electronic components located within the deformable layer can be encapsulated, at least in part, with a second deformable material. The second material also fills voids in the interior of the deformable peripheral layer. The second material can be cured within the deformable layer. Alternately, the second material can be cured apart from the deformable layer. The layer can then be attached to the second material.

Abstract: A real-time computer vision system tracks one or more objects moving in a scene using a target location technique which does not involve searching. The imaging hardware includes a color camera, frame grabber, and processor. The software consists of the low-level image grabbing software and a tracking algorithm. The system tracks objects based on the color, motion and/or shape of the object in the image. A color matching function is used to compute three measures of the target's probable location based on the target color, shape and motion. The method then computes the most probable location of the target using a weighting technique. Once the system is running, a graphical user interface displays the live image from the color camera on the computer screen. The operator can then use the mouse to select a target for tracking. The system will then keep track of the moving target in the scene in real-time.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting and displaying clustered microcalcifications in a digital mammogram, wherein a single digital mammogram is first automatically cropped to a breast area sub-image which is then processed by means of an optimized Difference of Gaussians filter to enhance the appearance of potential microcalcifications in the sub-image. The potential microcalcifications are thresholded, clusters are detected, features are computed for the detected clusters, and the clusters are classified as either suspicious or not suspicious by means of a neural network. Thresholding is preferably by sloping local thresholding, but may also be performed by global and dual-local thresholding. The locations in the original digital mammogram of the suspicious detected clustered microcalcifications are indicated. Parameters for use in the detection and thresholding portions of the system are computer-optimized by means of a genetic algorithm.

Abstract: A global processor interprets a program and control entirety. A processor-element block includes a plurality of processor elements each comprising a register file and an operation array for processing a plurality of sets of data, wherein the global processor outputs a control signal to the plurality of processor elements, and, thereby, sets processor-element numbers corresponding to the plurality of processor elements as input values of the operation arrays, respectively.

Abstract: A pattern matching coding device for conducting coding of a unit pattern based on pattern matching with a library pattern, which device, as to a mark pattern determined to be matching, when the number of match error pixels of the pattern is not more than a prescribed value, codes, without coding the bit map, an identification ID of a matching bit map in a library and an identification flag indicating that the number of match error pixels is not more than the prescribed value.

Abstract: When an optical disc is set to the motor, the slice level is set to a slice level Sk as a reference slice level and a measured jitter value A (S0, S1) is produced. The slice level is incremented in steps of a fixed quantity Si (S2). Then, a measured jitter value B obtained at the incremented slice level is compared with the previous measured jitter value A (S3, S4). This sequence of process is repeated, and when the measured jitter value A is smaller than the counter value, it is judged that the jitter changes its quantity varying direction to a decreasing direction. Then, the incrementing operation of the slice level is immediately stopped, and the slice level is decremented in steps of another fixed quantity Sd (<Si). The previous measured jitter value C is compared with a measured jitter value D after the slice level is decremented (S5 to S8). When the measured jitter value C is smaller than the counter jitter value, it is judged that the slice level detected at that time is an optimum slice level.

Abstract: A sack or bag is made of a collapsed, thermoplastic tubular film segment, which is provided preferably with side folds, by affixing head and foot welds and is provided on at least its head side with corner-partitioning corner welds. In order to be able to reseal such a sack after a partial quantity has been removed from its filling, the corners are provided in such a manner with cutouts, starting from the face-sided cutting edge, that the results are side strips, whose outer ends are provided with redetachable connecting means and that are designed so long that they can be folded in the outward direction by folding diagonally over the side edges of the sack or bag. After formation of a sack-sealing roll, the connecting means can be connected together for the purpose of fixing the roll in position.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a bulk bag comprising a container and a cover sheet at least partially attached to the lower surface. The cover provides a slip sheet for the container. In a preferred form, the container has an outlet in the lower surface thereof in normal use. The slip sheet is positioned so that it can optionally cover or at least substantially uncover the outlet.

Abstract: In a linear guide bearing apparatus wherein a separator is interposed between adjacent balls K and K moving following a curved circulating path 8, and the ball K contacts concave faces W of the separator T at both ends in an axial line direction and at the same time the ball K rolls as contacting a guide face 8a of an outside guiding member 5 and a guide face 8b of an inside guiding member 9, the separator has an outer diameter larger than a maximum outer diameter L&phgr; under a condition where the ball rolls as simultaneously contacting both curved faces 8a 8b of the inside and the outside of the curved circulating path 8, and the radius of curvature of the guiding face 8b in the curved circulating path 8 is reduced to a size not contacting the separator T.

Abstract: A waveguide type optical device with a traveling wave electrode structure, which has: a crystal substrate with electro-optic effect; an optical waveguide that is formed on the crystal substrate and waveguides light wave; a buffer layer that is formed on at least the optical waveguide and is of a dielectric material; and a signal electrode and an earth electrode that are formed on the buffer layer and control the optical output intensity of light wave waveguided through the optical waveguide. The traveling wave electrode structure has one signal electrode and two earth electrodes that are disposed sandwiching the signal electrode or one earth electrode that is disposed pairing with the signal electrode, at least the signal electrode of the traveling wave electrode structure is of a material that has a specific resistivity of 2.1×10−6 &OHgr;cm or lower at an environmental temperature that the waveguide type optical device is used.

Abstract: An integrated optic device includes at least one waveguide formed in a surfaced thereof. The waveguide is formed utilizing a two-step proton exchange process in which the substrate is bathed in a strong acid and then subjected to a plurality of annealing cycles.

Abstract: An apparatus inserts a reference guide pin having a reference end surface into a guide pin receiving hole in an endface of a fiberoptic connector to prepare the fiberoptic connector for interferometric profiling of the endface. The reference guide pin has an end portion on which the reference end surface is located. A connector support mechanism supports the fiberoptic connector. A reference guide pin support mechanism receives the end portion to hold the reference guide pin in axial alignment with the guide pin receiving hole as one of the connector support mechanism and the reference guide pin support mechanism is moved toward the other to insert the reference guide pin into the guide pin receiving hole.

Abstract: The present invention displays a second mark of the length corresponding to the material length of a specified image/sound material at the corresponding position on the first track in an edited-list creating screen; when a first mark displayed on one of first and second track is specified on the edited-list creating screen, emphatically displays the specified first mark and a first mark displayed on the second or first track corresponding to this in the case where video information and audio information of the video/audio material corresponding to the specified first mark are linked and registered; in obtaining edited image and/or sound, continuously plays back edit material to be played back with the same playback device; in edit-processing a plurality of continuous second edit materials of edit processing period of time is included in a first edit material on the time axis, creates edited data for continuously performing said edit processing on individual second edit materials from the first of second edit

Abstract: The travelling speed of a magnetic tape is controlled without considering a detection error caused by the slackening of a magnetic tape or the like. A microcomputer 10, immediately after starting a fast-feeding operation, starts a running rotation of feeding and winding reels 44, 45 (step S205), calculates an N value based on reel pulses and sets an acceleration target (step S210, S215) and simultaneously reads the N value immediately before the previous stop of the rotation from RAM and compares the read N value with the current N value (step S225, S230), prohibits the acceleration of the feeding and winding reels 44, 45 after confirming that the error does not fall within 25% (step S235) whereby when the videotape is rotated to the leader or the trailer, the videotape is prevented from being applied with an excessive load so that damages on the videotape can be reduced.

Abstract: An information reproduction apparatus which can perform repetitive reproduction is provided. In the apparatus, information recorded in an information storage medium is read. Then read information is decoded. Further, the decoded information is stored in a predetermined region of a storage device. During reproduction, information is sequentially read out and outputted in order of precedence at the time of writing the decoded information while the decoded information is stored in the predetermined region. Then, if a start position of repetitive reproduction is designated, a repetition reproduction range is set. The repetition reproduction range is a range that would include the decoded information to be reproduced at one repetition reproduction. Further, the decoded information is maintained in the repetition reproduction range.

Abstract: An apparatus for searching an image of an image recording and reproducing device in which input data streams received from various signal sources are processed and accordingly generated image and audio signals are outputted to an image displayer and a speaker, includes: a data stream selector for receiving the input data streams, selecting and outputting an input data stream of a channel selected by a user; a decoding unit for decoding the data stream outputted from the data stream selector; a formatter for receiving the data stream from the data stream selector, converting it to a record signal, outputting the record signal to a recording medium, detecting the signal recorded in the recording medium, generating a reproduction signal, and outputting the reproduction signal to the data stream selector; a controller for judging whether there is a data stream having an I picture among the input data stream outputted from the data stream selector, a memory associated with the selected input data stream recorded i

Abstract: In order to use video contents created according to DVD video in DVD audio, audio and video sub-directories are located under a root directory. The video sub-directory includes video contents and their management information. The audio sub-directory includes audio contents and their management information. The video management information can only access the video contents. However, the audio management information can access not only the audio contents but also the video contents.