Abstract: An optical fiber having optical characteristics that systematically vary along its length is made by inserting a plurality of cylindrical tablets into a cladding glass tube and overcladding the tube with particles of cladding glass. Each tablet contains a core region, and it optionally contains a layer of cladding glass Adjacent tablets are capable of forming optical fiber sections having different optical properties. Prior to consolidating the glass particles, chlorine flows through the tube and over the tablets. When the tube begins to sinter, the chlorine flow is stopped and the sintering particles generate an inwardly directed force that causes the tube to collapse inwardly onto the tablets which concurrently become fused to each other. The resultant draw blank can be drawn into a low loss optical fiber. This method is particularly useful for making dispersion managed single-mode optical fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing an optical fiber preform from a tube of vitreous material, the apparatus comprising:

Abstract: There is provided a warp knitting machine with summing drive for the displacement of a guide bar in which at least one addition member is made operative by an eccentric cam which, with the assistance of a switchable coupling, is rotated 180° by a drive shaft. The mean rate of rotation of the drive shaft depends upon the main drive shaft and which rate, at the switching moment, is substantially reduced to 0. A sensor obtains the rate of rotation and the turning angle position of the main shaft and provides an appropriate sensor signal. A motor control mechanism for an electric motor includes an input port for the sensor signal.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control apparatus comprises a high pressure accumulator for sucking pressure oil supplied to a relief chamber of a relief valve to make changeover for the relief valve from a valve-closed state to a valve-open state when a forming load is applied to the pressure oil charged in a pressure chamber and the hydraulic pressure of the pressure oil arrives at a relief preset pressure, and a low pressure accumulator for sucking the pressure oil charged in the pressure chamber via the relief valve which is in the valve-open state.

Abstract: Provided are a measurement apparatus and a measurement system comprising sample and reference microresonators, such as sample and reference quartz crystal microbalances; sample and reference heat flow sensors; and a heat sink coupled thermally to the heat flow sensors. These may be used to measure changes in one or more properties, such as mass, due to a liquid sample on a surface of a sample microresonator and also to measure heat flows from the sample on the surface of the sample microresonator by utilizing the heat flow sensors, which are coupled thermally to the corresponding sample or reference microresonators. Also provided is a method for measuring one or more properties, such as mass, of a liquid sample and the flow of heat from the sample to the heat sink by utilizing such apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting combustion misfires in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. Combustion misfires are detected from data for the rough running of individual cylinders via a comparison with threshold values at operating points stored in a characteristic field. These data are determined within the engine. The combustion misfire detection is suppressed below an rpm-dependent zero-load characteristic line. The zero-load characteristic line is continuously adapted to the actually present lowest load at corresponding rpm values during vehicle operation.

Abstract: At least one dynamic condition of a pneumatic tire of a vehicle is determined by measuring the rotational angular position of the tire and/or a wheel or wheel carrier the tire is mounted on. The position measurement is preferably combined with transponder measurements of tire pressure and/or temperature, and the measurement information is transmitted from a tire or wheel antenna to a receiver with one or more antennas on the vehicle. The measurements can be combined with a tire pressure regulating device. The rotational angular position is preferably measured by monitoring fluctuations in coupling of RF power between the transmitting and the receiving antennas. In a preferred embodiment, transponders and antennas are disposed in both the tire and the wheel or wheel carrier for the purpose of monitoring the rotational angular position of a tire relative to its wheel or wheel carrier, thereby indicating torsional effects on the tire.

Abstract: A portable container level indicator comprises a frame having an upper end and a lower end, and adapted to move along a generally vertical wall surface; an elongate handle having a frame end and a grip end, the frame end pivotally attached to the frame such that the angle between the frame and the handle may vary; a tapping mechanism attached to the frame and operable to propel a tapping member towards the wall surface such that the tapping member contacts the wall surface and generates a sound; and a trigger located adjacent to the grip end of the handle for operating the tapping mechanism. The sound is audible to the operator and may be amplified if necessary.

Abstract: An apparatus for the measurement of centrifugal forces generated by a rotary member such as a vehicle wheel which is out of balance, comprises a rotary member mounting for supporting the rotary member with respect to an apparatus frame structure. The rotary member and the rotary member mounting form a sub-critical oscillating system in measurement of the rotary member which rotates for a measuring procedure. The apparatus further includes a measurement sensor which is in the form of a force pickup and whose direction of application of force extends approximately tangentially to a circle through the location of the application of force at the measurement sensor, around a virtual mounting location.

Abstract: A wheel balancer is provided that includes a shaft adapted for receiving a wheel/tire assembly, the shaft having a longitudinal axis and being rotatable about the axis so as to rotate a wheel/tire assembly removably mounted thereon, a rotation sensor for measuring rotation of the shaft about its longitudinal axis, a vibration sensor operatively connected to the shaft for measuring vibrations resulting from imbalance in the wheel/tire assembly and a motor operatively connected to the shaft for rotating the shaft about its longitudinal axis, thereby to rotate the wheel/tire assembly. A control circuit is also provided for controlling the application of power to the motor. The wheel balancer also includes an assembly for measuring runout of the rim of the wheel/tire assembly, the control circuit being responsive to a rim runout measurement signal to apply power to the motor such that the wheel/tire assembly rotates at a slow, controlled speed during measurement of the rim runout.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor includes a substrate; an impact damping mechanism disposed on the substrate for damping an impact applied to the substrate; an oscillator supported to the inside of the impact damping mechanism displaceable in two directions parallel to the substrate and orthogonal to each other by using an oscillator support beam; oscillation-generating means for oscillating the oscillator in an oscillating direction; and angular-velocity detecting means for detecting a displacement of the oscillator as an angular velocity when the oscillator is displaced in a detecting direction orthogonal to the oscillating direction. The impact damping mechanism damps an impact along at least one direction of the oscillating direction and the detecting direction so as to prevent the impact from being transferred to the oscillator from the substrate.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor includes: a vibrator; support means for supporting the vibrator so as to be capable of vibrating; driving means for driving the vibrator by an electrostatic force; detecting means for detecting a displacement of the vibrator based on a Coriolis force applied to the vibrator as a variation of electrostatic capacitance; and a capacitance-voltage converting circuit for converting the variation of the electrostatic capacitance detected by the detecting means into a voltage variation, the capacitance-voltage converting circuit being made as a source-follower circuit connected to a high-resistance gate resistor between a gate and a source using a JFET, and wherein the gate of the JFET is connected to a bias power supply via a bias resistor.

Abstract: The invention provides a capacitive micro sensor that suppresses electric noises generated around the electrodes and enhances the S/N ratio to thereby enhance the detection sensitivity. The gyroscope of the invention includes a tuning fork having three legs, driving electrodes and detecting electrodes provided on two glass substrates, driving fields-through that supply the driving electrodes with a drive signal, and detecting fields-through that extract a detecting signal from the detecting electrodes. And, a shield member between the detecting and the driving, shield members between the detecting and the detecting, and shield members between the driving and the driving are provided, which makes electrostatic shielding between the adjacent fields-through of the areas where the driving fields-through and the detecting fields-through are arrayed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glow plug with combustion pressure sensor having a plug body having a screw portion on the outer peripheral surface that is inserted into a screw hole of an engine head and screw-connected to it, a combustion pressure sensor fixed to the plug body to which the plug body is inserted, and a lead wire for leading out the sensor signal connected to the sensor, wherein the outside diameter of a hexagonal portion used for screw connection between the plug body and the screw hole out of the plug body is smaller than the inside diameter of a through hole of the combustion pressure sensor so that the plug body can be inserted into the combustion pressure sensor from the hexagonal portion end.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrodeposited copper foil which solves problems of electrodeposited-copper-clad laminates to which the foil has been incorporated, such as bow, twist, and poor dimensional stability, and a method of inspecting an electrodeposited copper foil so as to assure the quality of the foil. In the invention, there is employed an electrodeposited copper foil which recrystallizes by heating at low temperature during production of a copper-clad laminate employing an electrodeposited copper foil and which exhibits an elongation as high as 18% or more in an atmosphere of 180° C., wherein the maximum rate of decrease in maximum tensile strength falls within the aging time ranging from 5 to 10 minutes in a process in which tensile strength decreases as time elapses during aging in an atmosphere at 170° C., and the change in tensile strength in a knick portion shown in a {tensile strength} vs.

Abstract: A starter for engines uses a leaf spring as a shift lever for advancing a pinion gear for engagement with a ring gear. The shift lever may be constructed with a plurality of layered leaf springs having respective front ends spaced apart one another to contact a one-way clutch at different positions. The shift lever may include a lever holder which has a low heat conductive member to minimize fatigue of the leaf spring. The leaf spring is initially loaded with a spring force.

Abstract: The present invention is a clipless pedal system for bicycles. Structurally, the present invention includes a pedal platform and two cleat retainers. The cleat retainers have hooked ends and are held against opposite sides of the pedal platform. A resilient loop encircles the pedal platform, holding the cleat retainers against the pedal platform. The ends of the cleat retainers may pivot away form the pedal platform by elastic deformation of the loop, allowing insertion of a cleat attached to a cycling shoe.

Abstract: Nickel cermet consisting of from 35 to 70% by weight of a metal nickel phase and 65 to 30% by weight of a zirconium oxide (zirconia) phase stabilized in cubic form by 5 to 20 moles of yttrium oxide (yttria) for each 100 moles of zirconium oxide, the two phases, upon X ray diffractometric analysis, being distinct and homogeneously distributed, characterized in that it is obtained by a process comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A salt flux composition comprising a high purity salt and additives is used in the recycle of scrap aluminum to increase the recovery of aluminum. The additives include an alkaline agent and a fluoride source.

Abstract: A die apparatus includes a first die configured to telescopingly engage an end section of a tubular bar, including one or more “floating” mandrels configured to extend into cavities of the tubular bar, and further including a stationary die member spaced from the mandrel(s). The mandrel(s) and the stationary die member include angled cutting edges that are aligned so that the cutting edges are engageable from a single transverse direction. The mandrel(s) is movably supported on the first die to float parallel the single direction toward and away from the stationary die member. A cutting die has a shearing punch configured to move along the single direction to sequentially engage the angled cutting edges to shear off an angled portion of the end section.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a food product is disclosed which utilizes a cutting wheel having a plurality of knives extending between a hub and a rim in conjunction with other cutting knives to produce a multi-dimensional cut of the food product. The use of the additional cutting knives enables the apparatus to dice a thin layered or leafy food product (cut it into small pieces) as opposed to merely slicing the food product in a single dimensional cut. The additional cutting knives may include one or more julienne knives attached to each of the knives of the cutting wheel so as to extend approximately at right angles to the cutting plane defined by the cutting wheel knives. A circular knife may be located upstream of the cutting plane defined by the cutting wheel such that the rotary knife longitudinally cuts the food product before it passes through the cutting plane. The apparatus according to the invention also utilizes separate drive motors for the feed conveyor and for the cutting wheel.

Abstract: An improved chop saw may include a base assembly, a blade assembly including a blade having a center and a motor for driving the blade, an arm pivotally attached to the base assembly and carrying the blade assembly, the blade assembly being movable between a lower position for engaging and cutting a workpiece disposed on the base, and an upper position not engaging the workpiece. The chop saw further includes a vise for holding the workpiece in place, the vise including a vise screw, a latch support supporting the vise screw, and a vise jaw disposed at the end of the vise screw. Preferably, the maximum distance between the vise jaw and the latch support is about equal or shorter than the distance between the blade center and the latch support, when the blade assembly is at the lower position. Further the chop saw includes a substantially horizontal handle connected to the blade assembly.

Abstract: A punching apparatus is provided which can of punch a non-circular holes at a predetermined position of a work piece. In the punching apparatus for punching a hole by means of a punch integrated into any one of the moving part of a press working machine or the supporting part of the press working machine, and a die integrated with the other one of the moving part and the supporting part; each of the punch and the die has plurality of planes to be fitted with datum planes of a fitting jig. The punching unit for the punching apparatus comprises a punch, a die, and a fitting jig for positioning the punch and the die with respect to each other, wherein each of the punch and the die has plurality of faces for fitting and the fitting jig has datum planes to be fitted with the planes for fitting of the punch and the die.

Abstract: An interactive electronic drum system and training techniques suitable for use in a coin-operated environment such as an arcade are described. Electronic drum pads, audio speakers, a visual display, training lights and an overall control system are combined to simulate the excitement of a live drum or inactive musical jam session for a user. Positive feedback and, as necessary, instructive aid are provided to make the experience a positive one for both the novice and the expert player. Learning and playing a musical instrument becomes an intuitive, exciting experience and not a boring chore to be endured. Players can simulate the experience of playing in a rock band before a live and appreciative audience. In short, this interactive electronic drum system makes drums and the jamming experience widely accessible to the public.

Abstract: A method of printing a print material on a surface of an object by placing the print material on a surface of a print mask having a plurality of holes, positioning the print mask relative to the object such that the print mask is near, and substantially parallel, to the surface of the object, moving at least one of a squeegee and a first combination of the print mask and the object relative to the other of the squeegee and the first combination, in a print direction along the surface of the print mask, while locally pressing, with the squeegee, the print mask against the surface of the object and pressing, with the squeegee, the print material along the surface of the print mask, so that a portion of the print material is printed on the surface of the object through the holes of the print mask, the method including the steps of locally pressing, with a mask-press member, the print mask against the surface of the object, at a position distant from the squeegee by a predetermined distance which assures that the

Abstract: A device for infeeding a material web along an infeed path into a rotary printing machine includes drive stations arranged along the infeed path, and an infeed element partially enclosed by a guide formed with a lateral opening at which a material web is fastenable on an extension piece. The infeed device further includes a profiling provided on the infeed element for stiffening the infeed element in an advancement direction along the infeed path. A rotary printing press is provided with the infeed device; and a newspaper rotary printing press is similarly provided.

Abstract: An improved method and system for cleaning a cylinder of a printing press. One method involves soaking a strip of cleaning fabric on a press with a low volatility organic compound solvent. Excess solvent, if any, is removed to place the strip of cleaning fabric in functional equilibrium with the solvent. The cleaning fabric is then used to clean a cylinder. Alternatively, the strip of cleaning fabric is soaked on site by contacting the strip of cleaning fabric with the solvent and wrapping the strip of cleaning fabric into a cleaning fabric supply roll. The cleaning fabric is then brought in engagement with a printing press having a cylinder to be cleaned without disposing a sleeve around the fabric roll and without substantially disturbing the distribution of the solvent in the fabric roll and detrimentally affecting the cleaning ability of the fabric.

Abstract: A direct-to-plate method of lithographic printing is disclosed which enables to recycle the lithographic substrate of the printing master.

Abstract: A direct-to-plate method of lithographic printing is disclosed which enables to recycle the lithographic substrate of the printing master.

Abstract: A method of producing screen data for imaging units of a printing machine includes the steps of breaking down raw image data into a plurality of partial images, respectively, corresponding to one printing ink; outputting the partial images to a plurality of screen processors, respectively, corresponding to the number of colors to the printed; and processing the partial images simultaneously for forming screen data by the screen processors for output to a respective one of the imaging units; and a system for performing the method.

Abstract: An inert practice round has an elongated, solid body of aluminum having an external outline with the contour and size of a live round of a predetermined caliber. In one embodiment, the round comprises a unitary, one-piece, cavityless body. In another embodiment the body has an axial cavity formed centrally in the base end thereof and receives a cushioning structure, which may be all-plastic, plastic with a headed rivet embedded therein or a stack of O-rings or a coil spring with a rivet inserted therethrough.

Abstract: There is disclosed a light weight truck bolster for railway car trucks. Metal has been removed in the compression and tension members of the bolster near the center bowl. One longitudinal rib is located in each end of the bolster arms and a pair of transversely extending vertical ribs are located on opposing sides of the center bowl and extend from the tension member to the compression member. The disclosed light weight truck bolster satisfies the Association of American Railroads (“A.A.R.”) design qualifications for truck bolsters while weighing significantly less than traditional truck bolsters.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a compound having the formula: 1

Abstract: A method for making a glass frit paste is provided. First, nitrocellulose is dissolved in a high vapor pressure solvent of the nitrocellulose to make a solution. A portion of the solution is then mixed with alpha-terpineol to form a vehicle. Glass frit is mixed with the vehicle and then ground to form the paste. During the grinding step most of the high vapor pressure solvent evaporates. The resulting paste has a composition comprising about 0.3-12.0 wt. % nitrocellulose, about 0.5-2.0 wt. % of a high vapor pressure solvent of said nitrocellulose, about 14.0-25.0 wt. % alpha-terpineol, and the remainder glass frit.

Abstract: A method of forming a film on a substrate using chemical vapor deposition techniques and carboxylate complexes. The complexes and method are particularly suitable for the preparation of semiconductor structures.

Abstract: A device for transplanting trees or bushes having at least two spades that can be adjusted against each other. These spades can be set between an open and closed position by means of a pair of attached servo-drives. When in the open position, the spades are removed from each other by a space corresponding at least with a diameter of the tree or the bush to be transplanted. When the spades are in their closed position, they complement each other, forming a partial spherical cup. To reduce the resistance of the spades as they penetrate the soil, the cutting blade of the spade has the shape of a corrugated ground edging. These corrugated ground edges have alternating elevations and recesses, whereby the elevations of the cutting blade provide sufficient stability and safety against breakage. The ground surfaces that oppose each other on these spades are disposed on alternating sides to allow the cutting blades to overlap.

Abstract: A ballast system for a sailing boat includes an elongate body having a first end and a second end. A mounting is provided at the first end of the elongate body for suspending the elongate body from a hull of a sailing boat. A ballast weight is positioned at the second end of the elongate body. A motor and gear assembly are provided for moving the second end of the elongate body relative to the hull of the sailing boat. The described ballast system decreases the amount of ballast weight required without sacrificing the safety of operation of the sail boat. The decrease in ballast weight, decreases the over all displacement of the sail boat, and permits increased speed.

Abstract: A process for growing single crystal silicon ingots which are substantially free of agglomerated intrinsic point defects. An ingot is grown generally in accordance with the Czochralski method. No portion of the ingot cools to a temperature which is less than a temperature TA at which agglomeration of intrinsic point defects in the ingot occurs during the time the ingot is being grown. The achievement of defect free ingots is thus substantially decoupled from process parameters, such as pull rate, and system parameters, such as axial temperature gradient in the ingot.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing a large semiconductor crystal at a low cost are provided. The apparatus of producing a semiconductor crystal includes a reactor tube having an open end at least one end side, formed of any one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and aluminum oxide, or of a composite material with any one material selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, mullite, and carbon as a base, and having an oxidation-proof or airtight film formed on the surface of the base, a kanthal heater arranged around the reactor tube in the atmosphere, a flange attached at the open end to seal the reactor tube, and a crucible mounted in the reactor tube to store material of a semiconductor crystal. The material stored in the crucible is heated and melted to form material melt. The material melt is solidified to grow a semiconductor crystal.

Abstract: A Cerium-Doped Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate scintillator boule having a graded decay time. The method for manufacturing an LSO:Ce crystal boule having a decay time gradient decreasing from the top end to the bottom end first includes the step selecting an iridium crucible. The crucible is selected based upon its diameter relative to the diameter defined by said crystal boule. The crucible is also selected based upon its volume relative to the volume of the crystal boule to be grown. A Cerium dopant (CeO2) is added to a mixture of Lutetium Oxide (Lu2O3) and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2). The composition is heated until melted to define a melt. A seed crystal is then placed in contact with the melt, is rotated, and slowly withdrawn, thereby yielding an LSO:Ce crystal boule defining a decay time gradient.

Abstract: Heat shields for Czochralski pullers include a ring-shaped heat shield housing comprising inner and outer heat shield housing walls and an oblique heat shield housing floor and a heat shield housing roof that extend between the inner and outer heat shield housing walls. The heat shield housing contains insulating material therein. A support member is configured to support the heat shield housing within the crucible in a Czochralski puller. In one embodiment, the support member includes at least one support arm that extends to the ring-shaped heat shield housing. The at least one support arm may be hollow and may contain insulating material therein. In another embodiment, the support member is a ring-shaped support member. The ring-shaped support member may include inner and outer support member walls containing insulating material therebetween. The ring-shaped support member may also include at least one window therein. The ring-shaped member may be oblique.

Abstract: A coating machine for directly or indirectly applying a coating to a material web is designed to apply liquid or viscid coating medium onto a moving surface. The coating machine includes a discharge nozzle for discharging a coating medium onto the moving surface. The discharge nozzle has a first nozzle lip residing on the feed-side, and a second nozzle lip residing on the trailing side with respect to the moving surface. At least one of the first and second nozzle lips is composed of a blade element.

Abstract: Coating is applied from a coating application chamber to a moving web or backing roll by a rotating premetering rod, a curved or straight wedge, or a premetering blade which is urged against the moving substrate by a plurality of profiling mechanisms which are spaced from one another in the cross machine direction to control the cross machine direction profile of the applied coating to avoid coating streaks. The profiling mechanisms may be hydraulic actuators, machine screws or thermal expansion driven pistons. Cross machine profiling of the premetering device allows control with minimum pressure on the web. Adjustments to the premetering device are only made where necessary to correct nonuniform coating application where detected.

Abstract: A coating applicator for continuously applying matrix material to a plurality of optical fibers arranged in a ribbon configuration is described. The coating applicator has a first contacting means for contacting the plurality of optical fibers on a first side of the plurality of optical fibers and for contacting a first end fiber of the plurality of optical fibers. The coating applicator also has a second contacting means for contacting the plurality of optical fibers on a second side of the plurality of optical fibers and for contacting a second end fiber of the plurality of optical fibers. The second contacting means is located downstream of the first contacting means, and is located relative to the first contacting means so that the optical fibers are forced to contact the first and second contacting means as described above.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing an organic EL device includes a substrate (1) and an evaporation source (2) in an evaporation chamber. The evaporation source (2) has a container (2) made of an insulator with a thermal conductivity of at least 50 W/m·k and receiving a source material therein and a surrounding resistance heater (3). When the source material is heated and evaporated from the source onto the substrate, a detector (5) detects the rate of evaporation of the source material on the substrate and delivers a detection signal to a control unit (6), which controls the heater (3) in accordance with the signal.

Abstract: In a plasma processing system, microwaves generated by a microwave generator (86) are guided to a plane antenna (62) to introduce the microwaves, which are attenuated exponentially, into a processing vessel (22) in which an object to be processed (W) is subjected to a plasma process. A microwave absorbing means (96) is disposed in a peripheral portion of the plane antenna (62) to absorb the microwaves propagating from a central portion of the plane antenna and to control the amount of reflected microwave. Thus the amount of the microwaves reflected toward the central portion of the plane antenna (62) by a peripheral portion of the plane antenna (62) is reduced to some extent so that electromagnetic field intensity is distributed uniformly.

Abstract: An ion implantation process system, including an ion implanter apparatus for carrying out an ion implantation process. A supply of source gas for the ion implantation process is arranged to flow to the ion implanter apparatus, which discharges an effluent gas stream including ionization products of the source gas during the ion implantation process. The system includes an effluent abatement apparatus for removing hazardous effluent species from the effluent gas stream. The source gas may be furnished from a low pressure gas source in which the source gas is sorptively retained in a vessel on a sorbent medium having affinity for the source gas, and desorbed for dispensing to the process system. A novel scrubbing composition may be employed for effluent treatment, and the scrubbing composition breakthrough of scrubbable component may be monitored with a device such as a quartz microbalance monitor.

Abstract: The substrate cooling apparatus disclosed in the present invention comprises a semiconductor substrate holding electrode with a groove for conducting cooling gas formed in its holding surface for holding a semiconductor substrate thereon, wherein an inlet port for the substrate cooling gas is formed within 5 mm of the radially outermost edge of the semiconductor substrate holding electrode in such a manner as to connect with the groove from a surface of the electrode other than the holding surface thereof. When the semiconductor substrate is cooled by the substrate cooling apparatus, temperature difference within the substrate surface is small, and the substrate temperature is uniform through to the peripheral portions of the substrate. When this substrate cooling apparatus is used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, semiconductor devices with stable device characteristics can be fabricated on the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A non-consumable pet toy comprises a three-dimensional body formed of resilient material with a trapper cavity or slot that has opposing walls extending into the body. In some embodiments, the opposing walls of the trapper cavity are designed to clamp against a substantial portion of opposite surfaces of an attractant, to retain the attractant in the trapper cavity. At least one wall of the trapper cavity is a bias wall that is sufficiently resilient to permit opening the trapper cavity to insert the attractant into the cavity. In some embodiments, the bias wall is a wall of the body of the toy, whereas in other embodiments the bias wall is formed by an adjacent bias cavity in the body spaced from the trapper cavity. In yet other embodiments, a resilient member at least partially closes the trapper cavity to retain small pieces of the attractant as the animal breaks it.

Abstract: An intermediate fluid type vaporizer is provided which employs a heat source fluid capable of providing a relatively large temperature difference utilizable for vaporization, and which can make an overall size of the vaporizer more compact. The intermediate fluid type vaporizer comprises an intermediate fluid evaporator constructed by providing heat source tubes in a shell, which contains an intermediate fluid therein, to evaporate the intermediate fluid of liquid phase with heat exchange between the heat source fluid and the liquid intermediate fluid, and a liquefied gas evaporator constructed by providing heat transfer tubes in the shell to evaporate liquefied gas with heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the evaporated intermediate fluid. The heat source tubes are formed by straight tubes arranged so as to constitute two or more passes.