Abstract: A description is given of a method of providing a synthetic resin capping layer on a printed circuit, said capping layer exhibiting a variation of the mechanical properties in a direction at right angles to the capping layer. Said capping layer is manufactured by injecting moulding of a foam-forming injection-moulding material. This economically attractive method provides circuits which are excellently protected against mechanical and thermal stresses which may arise during operation. In addition, circuits having a synthetic resin capping layer can be used to reduce the thickness and the weight of portable devices, such as a mobile telephone.

Abstract: A solder interconnection between a module and printed circuit board or card is provided by a plurality of solder connections arranged in a micro grid array joining solder wettable pads on a major surface of the module to a corresponding set of solder wettable pads of the printed circuit board or card. The solder connections are column shaped with the height of each connection being at least about 1.4 times the diameter of the connection.

Abstract: A microelectronic assembly includes a component having one or more conductive pads, with each conductive pad having a plurality of solder-wettable strips extending outwardly away from a center, the solder wettable strips being bounded by non solder-wettable material. The microelectronic assembly also includes a composite conductive element positioned atop at least one of the conductive pads, the composite conductive element including a solid conductive core and a layer of solder material overlying the solid conductive core, the solid conductive core having a higher melting temperature than the layer of solder material.

Abstract: An adapter is provided for mounting a ball grid array device on a pin-type integrated circuit socket, and includes a base plate and an interfacing plate. The base plate has a device mounting side formed with a plurality of solder pads thereon. The solder pads correspond to and are adapted for surface mounting of solder balls of the ball grid array device thereon. The base plate is further formed with a plurality of upper through holes, each of which corresponds to one of the solder pads. The interfacing plate is formed with a plurality of lower through holes that correspond respectively with the upper through holes. The interfacing plate further has a socket confronting side with a plurality of insert pins depending therefrom. The insert pins correspond to and are adapted for insertion into pin holes in the integrated circuit socket in order to establish electrical contact with board mounting pins that are disposed in the pin holes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a printed circuit board (1) with SMD components electrically connected to the printed circuit board (1) by means of a reflow soldering process.

Abstract: A blanking plate is attached to the bottom surfaces of a split board and a remaining board, which are separated from one bare board. After depositing solder paste on a back electrode of the split board, a solder ball is attached on the solder paste. The split board is then heated to melt the solder ball. The molten solder flows along the back electrode and an edge electrode into a through-hole. A portion of the molten solder swells out of the bottom surface of the bare board, and solidifies and bonds to the back electrode and the edge electrode.

Abstract: Removable mask films 303 are formed on the both sides of the substrate having the adhesive layer 302 by applying and drying a resin varnish 304 including a ultraviolet-absorbing agent, and fine through holes 306 are formed by using a third harmonics YAG solid-state laser light with a relatively short wavelength not longer than that in the ultraviolet range in such a way that the effects of such a residual strain as the conventional embodiment forming a removable mask film by a laminating process may be decreased as well as the more fine hole drilling compared with conventional embodiment using the carbon dioxide gas laser with a relatively long wavelength may be performed.

Abstract: A novel rotary table is secured to the top of a well's BOP simplifying the making up of sectional tubing joints used in some aspects of operations with coiled tubing. The rotary table comprises top a bottom stationary housing affixed to the BOP, a top housing supported on the bottom housing by an annular bearing, a split clamp to transferring the weight of the tubing to the top housing and seals between the top and bottom housings and between the top housing and the tubing. More preferably, a coiled tubing rig is provided having a frame, a tiltable mast, an injector reel, a tubing straightener and a jib crane in combination with the rotary table for increased functionality including drilling surface hole using coiled tubing. The mast tilts between two positions, either aligning coiled tubing and injector with the BOP or aligning a jib crane and tubing elevators for manipulating sectional tubing including BHA onto and through the rotary table.

Abstract: A downhole drilling tractor for moving within a borehole comprises a tractor body, two packerfeet, two aft propulsion cylinders, and two forward propulsion cylinders. The body comprises aft and forward shafts and a central control assembly. The packerfeet and propulsion cylinders are slidably engaged with the tractor body. Drilling fluid can be delivered to the packerfeet to cause the packerfeet to grip onto the borehole wall. Drilling fluid can be delivered to the propulsion cylinders to selectively provide downhole or uphole hydraulic thrust to the tractor body. The tractor receives drilling fluid from a drill string extending to the surface. A system of spool valves in the control assembly controls the distribution of drilling fluid to the packerfeet and cylinders. The valve positions are controlled by motors. A programmable electronic logic component on the tractor receives control signals from the surface and feedback signals from various sensors on the tool.

Abstract: A rotary cone bit, having a functionally-engineered surface of this invention, comprises a bit body having at least one leg extending therefrom, and a cone that is rotatably disposed on the leg. The cone typically comprises a plurality of cutting elements that project outwardly therefrom. The cutting elements comprises a cermet material selected from the group consisting of refractory metal carbides, nitrides, borides, carbonitrides and mixtures thereof. A functionally-engineered material is disposed over a surface portion of at least one of the cutting elements to form a wear resistant surface thereon. The wear resistant surface has a hardness that is different than that of the underlying cutting element. The wear resistant surface is provided by forming a conformable material mixture by combining one or more powders selected from the group consisting of cermets, carbides, borides, nitrides, carbonitrides, refractory metals, Co, Fe, Ni, and combinations thereof, with an applying agent.

Abstract: There is now provided a twist drill having an elongate body at a first end, a shank at a second and opposite end, the elongate body and the shank sharing a common axis, at least one face on the elongate body at an end opposite the shank, wherein the at least one face defines a corresponding flute extending along the elongate body toward the shank, at least one flank on an end of the elongate body at an end opposite the shank, and a cutting edge at a juncture of the at least one face and the at least one flank, and the like tools, having a sintered cemented carbide body, and the use thereof in material removing and dislodging tools.

Abstract: A scale includes a support surface and a plurality of weight modules oriented between the support surface and a base. Each of the weight modules produces at an output port thereof a signal. The weight modules are coupled to a host for providing an indication of the weight on the support surface. The signals are combined to produce an indication of the weight on the support surface.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to vehicles and in particular, to control of the axial flow electric fan adjacent the radiator to provide bi-directional fan operation. The forward blowing speed of the fan is made variable. When the engine is below its operating temperature and the vehicle is moving, the fan is switched to blow forwards and at a speed proportional to vehicle speed so as to block cold air from entering and blasting onto a cold engine. This speeds engine warm-up to reduce emissions, improve fuel economy, speed windshield defogging for improved visibility. When the engine is above its operating temperature and the vehicle is idling or moving slowly, as in traffic. The fan then again blows forwards cooling the radiator, the engine, and the plastic and electronic components of the engine bay and rejects hot, noxious fumes from traffic vehicles in front. Looping of hot radiator air is eliminated.

Abstract: A system for controlling a speed of a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and a cruise controller which controls the traveling speed of the vehicle to a desired speed in response to an instruction to cruise control inputted by a vehicle operator. In the system, the speed ratio is fixed to a value, at which the instruction to cruise control is inputted, for a predetermined period of time since inputting of the instruction to cruise control. The speed ratio may be fixed to the value until the throttle opening has stabilized or the vehicle speed is equal to the desired vehicle speed even after the predetermined period of time has elapsed. Alternatively, a parameter indicative of upslope of the road where the vehicle climbs is determined and the speed ratio may be controlled-based on the parameter and the vehicle speed, or thereafter until the throttle opening has stabilized or the vehicle speed is equal to the desired vehicle speed.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for controlling the road speed of a motor vehicle has an accelerator pedal (12), which is biased counter to its actuating direction into an inoperative position and is movable from the inoperative position into a neutral position, from which a further movement of the accelerator pedal (12) counter to the spring bias leads to an increase of the drive torque of the motor vehicle drive. A device for detecting the inoperative position of the accelerator pedal (12) is connected to a braking-force generator (40) and in the inoperative position of the accelerator pedal (12) causes the braking-force generator (40) to make a predetermined braking force available.

Abstract: A micro robot includes first and second masses, each having a first contact surface having a first frictional coefficient and a second contact surface having a second frictional coefficient and formed to be inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the first contact surface, the first and second contact surfaces being formed at the lower portion of the mass corresponding to a surface of a target object, and an actuator provided between the first and second masses for periodically changing the distance between the first and second masses and enabling the first and second contact surfaces of the first and second masses to selectively contact the surface of the target object in synchronization with a periodic change in distance between the first and second masses.

Abstract: A scooter type motorcycle includes a rear fork for supporting a rear wheel of the motorcycle. A front portion of the rear fork is attached to a crankcase of an engine in a vertically swingable manner. The engine is mounted to a body frame through elastic members. The mounting arrangement enhances the comfort of the ride of the motorcycle by reducing vibrations from being transmitted from the rear wheel to the rider.

Abstract: A saddlebag mounting system that eliminates the need for external fasteners on the rear fender and corresponding tail section. The saddlebag is mounted to the inner surface of the rear fender using a saddlebag mounting system, including a mounting bracket. The mounting bracket preferably includes an inner bracket coupled to the inner surface of the rear fender, and an outer bracket coupled to the inner bracket, the saddlebag being mounted to the outer bracket. The rear fender can be provided with an inner support mounted to the inner surface to facilitate attachment of the inner bracket. For example, the inner support can include a slotted opening, and a fastener can be used to couple the inner bracket to the inner support.

Abstract: The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection. The dual suspension scooter includes a chassis; a steering column; a front wheel rotatably mounted on a front axle assembly; a rear wheel rotatably mounted on a rear axle assembly; a front cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the steering column and the front axle assembly; and a rear suspension mechanism mounted between the rear end of the chassis and the rear axle assembly.

Abstract: The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection. The dual suspension scooter includes a chassis; a steering column; a front wheel rotatably mounted on a front axle assembly; a rear wheel rotatably mounted on a rear axle assembly; a front cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the steering column and the front axle assembly; and a rear suspension mechanism mounted between the rear end of the chassis and the rear axle assembly.

Abstract: An engine mount for a vehicle, such as a snowmobile, that can be used when space for the engine within a chassis is limited and which is easily accessed from the side of the chassis for assembly and repair. The engine mount can be attached to the bottom of an engine that is positioned within a chassis. The engine mount can include four hollow, cylindrical portions. Each cylindrical portion having an axis extending transverse to the longitudinal direction of the snowmobile chassis and receiving a damping mount. Fasteners can be inserted through the chassis to couple with the damping mounts and cylindrical portions in a direction that is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the chassis. The configuration of the damping mounts permits effective damping especially in a direction transverse to the direction of forward travel of the vehicle.

Abstract: An auxiliary chassis for a motor vehicle is formed as a generally rectangular structure for holding an engine, transmission and other equipment. The auxiliary chassis is mounted to front end structural members at a position spaced from and below the structural member forming a further impact absorbing structure.

Abstract: A gear assembly comprising a linear differential disposed at the gear assembly wherein the linear differential has a predetermined ratio from an input shaft to an output shaft, the ratio being adjustable by axially rotating the linear differential. A method of adjusting steering output as compared to steering input, which comprises powering a motor in operable communication with a worm and worm gear mechanism and rotating the worm and the worm gear mechanism fixed to a differential carrier. The method also comprises rotating the differential carrier, which comprises an input sun gear meshed with input differential planet gear, an input differential planet gear meshed with an output differential planet gear, and an output sun gear meshed with the output differential planet gear. The method further comprises rotating the output sun gear fixed to a differential output shaft.

Abstract: In an electric power steering device, an actuator generates steering assistance power in response to torque transmitted by a steering shaft, the outer circumference of which is covered by a torque sensor detecting the torque. The rotation of the actuator is transmitted to the steering shaft by a reduction gear mechanism having a driven gear on the steering shaft, and a driving gear which engages with the driven gear. The torque sensor is disposed between the driven gear and the steering wheel. A housing has a portion which covers the steering shaft between the steering wheel and the torque sensor, and a portion which covers the torque sensor. The housing is formed by plastically deforming a single metal pipe.

Abstract: Measuring device for measuring the elastic properties of a surface structure A measuring device for measuring the elastic properties of a surface structure (3), comprising a probe (2) arranged within a housing (1), a transmitter and at least one receiver, the transmitter transmitting acoustic pulses and the receiver picking up the propagation behavior of the acoustic pulses in the surface structure (3), a control means (16) for generating acoustic pulses and an evaluating means (18) for the measuring signals received by the receiver, at least two adjacent measuring tips (4, 6) being connected as transmitting and receiving elements, the measuring tips being adapted to be set onto the surface structure (3) and having strip-shaped bi-morph elements (12, 14) carried by a holder (8, 10), wherein the measuring tips (4,6) are formed by the holders (8, 10) of the bi-morph elements (12, 14) and the strip-shaped elements (12, 14) have one side of one of their ends fastened to the holder (8, 10).

Abstract: A loudspeaker comprising a bending wave panel, an enclosure in which the bending wave panel is mounted to enclose one face of the panel, a compliant suspension between the panel and the enclosure by which the panel is supported in the enclosure, a vibration exciter attached to the panel to apply bending wave energy thereto, and an acoustic absorber in the enclosure to reduce standing waves in the enclosure, wherein the compliant suspension and the acoustic absorber are integral. A method of making such a loudspeaker is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sound-producing device includes an acoustical generator associated with a rigid acoustical waveguide. The waveguide has a first section aligned with the exit and a second section aligned with the entry and the two sections are connected by a curved reflecting surface having the shape of part of a conic section surface.

Abstract: A duct or conduit section (10) for installation, in particular, in an air intake system of an internal combustion engine, in which the duct section is composed of two shells (14) which are joined by a snap connection (15). Openings located in the parting seam or joint (16) between the shells (14) are produced by recesses in the half shells. These openings each have a cross-sectional area of less than 7 mm2 and are useful for suppressing noise resulting from the air intake. As a result of the openings, vibration-inducing forces exerted on adjacent components in the engine compartment due to pulsations in the intake tube, can be minimized or avoided. Also, the quantity of additional air drawn in from the engine compartment, which is undesired because it is too warm, is decreased.

Abstract: An exhaust silencer allows for elongation of an inner cylinder relative to an outer cylinder. The exhaust silencer is assembled and constructed in such a way as to simplify the assembly process. A rear end portion of the outer cylinder is blocked with a stepped disc. A rear end portion of the inner cylinder is slidably mounted on a step portion of the stepped disc. A fuse portion is provided at the rear end portion of the inner cylinder and is welded to the step portion of the stepped disc. The fuse portion temporarily tacks the stepped disc to the inner cylinder during a temporary assembly stage. The fuse portion is so constructed that it will fracture as a result of thermal expansion of the inner cylinder, when exhaust gas flows through the exhaust silencer.

Abstract: A system for improved sound absorption, including a substrate of porous insulation material and of a first air flow resistance, and a facing material attached to the substrate and of a second air flow resistance, wherein a total system resistance is a combination of the first and second air flow resistances, and wherein the total system resistance and the second air flow resistance are of relatively low values.

Abstract: A low level scaffold with ball screw drive is a lightweight, mobile, compact, electrically activated, self-erecting, scissor-type lifting platform. The electronic system utilizes an electric motor in direct drive arrangement with a ball screw assembly to vary the platform height from a retracted position to extended position. Electric switches limit reverse direction between the retracted and extended positions to vary platform height anywhere between the minimum and maximum heights above ground level. The design allows for transportation through household doorways and provides anti-tilt arms with threaded level mounts for use on non-level surfaces. The scaffold provides homeowners and small commercial contractors with an apparatus to perform small interior and exterior projects at elevated heights.

Abstract: A selectively detachable unitary tree screw adapter for use in association with tree screws of varying shapes and sizes is provided. The tree screw adapter generally includes a tubular body including an ergonomic outer surface and an axial bore extending therethrough. Formed into the body are a plurality of slots that provide access through the body from the axial bore. Upon attaching the tree screw adapter over the elongated shank of a tree screw, the tree screw can be installed or removed from the trunk of a tree with improved efficiency.

Abstract: A bridge platform and method of erecting the same wherein a plurality of cables extend longitudinally of the bridge in spaced relation below the deck or roadway and steel support structure of the bridge, which cables are supported at opposite ends by the spaced-apart vertical piers of the bridge, and wherein a plurality of platform flooring panels or sections are supported on the cables, extend laterally of the bridge, are arranged side-by-side along the length of the bridge between the piers and are removably secured to the cables. The cables are attached to the bridge piers by compression clamp structures. The platform flooring sections comprise elongated rectangular corrugated decking panels and are arranged in end-to-end overlapping relation transversely of the bridge, side-to-side overlapping relation longitudinally along the bridge and with the corrugations extending transversely of the cables.

Abstract: A lubrication device for lubricating traveling lubrication sites, such as on a belt (1), in particular, on a roller or chain belt (1). The lubrication device includes a lubricating apparatus (2) having a catch (C) that is capable of assuming a resting position and a catching position relative to the belt (1). In the catching position, a lubricating head (D) of the lubricating apparatus (2) is moved to a lubrication site by relative lateral motion between belt (1) and the lubricating apparatus (2) in order to supply lubricant to the lubrication site. At the end of the run path the lubricating head (D) as well as the catch (C) moves relative to the belt (1) to return back to the resting position. Also, before or simultaneously with bringing the catch (C) into engagement with the belt (1), the lubricating apparatus (2) can be extended in a longitudinal direction of the lubrication site motion at a boosting speed, which is greater than zero and less than the speed of the belt (1).

Abstract: A lifting device, for use in connection with a motor-cycle or similar vehicle, comprises a generally H-shaped base (10) mounted upon a support-beam (14) associated with a lifting-column (15) and lifting-beam (16). The lifting-beam (16) supports a lifting-assembly of generally T-shape, comprising a first beam (22) and a second beam (23). The beam (22) is of hollow rectangular section and adapted to receive front and rear mountings to support a motor-cycle or similar vehicle. A first set of mountings (24, 25) is adapted to support a motor-cycle beneath its chassis, while a second set of mountings (26, 27) is adapted to support a motor-cycle beneath its tires or wheels. The device includes a bracket-and-clamp assembly (18, 19, 20) to receive and support the vehicle's own side stand.

Abstract: An elevator with an elevator cage guided in a shaft between a shaft head and a shaft pit, having an elevator cage roof and an elevator cage base and a drive, which is connected by at least one hauling cable with the elevator cage, whereby in particular for performing maintenance work the elevator cage roof is designed to be accessible, whereby the drive is arranged at least partly in the shaft head over a first region of the elevator cage roof and the accessibility of the elevator cage roof is restricted to a second region.

Abstract: A robot assembly including multiple independently operable robot assemblies are provided for use in semiconductor wafer processing. The robot assembly includes independent co-axial upper and lower robot assemblies adapted to handle multiple objects. The upper robot is stacked above the lower robot and the two robots are mounted concentrically to allow fast wafer transfer. Concentric drive mechanisms may also be provided for imparting rotary motion to either rotate the robot assembly or extend an extendable arm assembly into an adjacent chamber. Each robot can be either a single blade robot or a dual blade robot. Also provided is an apparatus for processing semiconductor wafers comprising a pre/post process transfer chamber housing multiple independent robot assemblies and surrounded by a plurality of pre-process chambers and post process chambers. Within each process, pre-process and post-process chamber is an apparatus for holding a plurality of stacked wafers.

Abstract: A hold block for fastening a structural elevator component, such as a landing door sill, an overhead structure of a landing door opening or a car door sill, to a base. The hold block comprises a fixing element for fixing the hold block to the base and a supporting element, disposed at an angle relative to the fixing element, for attachment of the structural component to the hold block, both of the elements being made of the same continuous plate-like material. In addition, the hold block comprises an adjustment elbow between the fixing element and the supporting element to allow adjustment of the angle between the planes defined by the elements, and a locking element for locking this angle.

Abstract: An elevator includes a special propelling fluid dynamic device which uses as a plunger the duly balanced car counterweight. The car conveys people and things upwards and downwards within a vertical conduit or hoistway supported by a cable extending to an upper pulley. When changing the direction, a counterweight is extended to balance the car. The pulley is supported from the hoistway walls and is kept in a freely-rotating condition while the balanced counterweight is a hollow piston-counterweight, accommodated in the cylinder vertically disposed in the hoistway itself and adjacent to the car. Both are integral with the propelling fluid dynamic device that produces the upward and downward movements of the car, which is completed with a circuit having a fluid flow conduit and a driving pump coupled to the valve mechanism.

Abstract: An ABS brake system employs two axially slidable brake discs and four brake pads that are biased to have floating light random contact therebetween in the off brake position. The ABS controller operates the brake pads with about one half of the usual brake pressure and about double the number of the usual braking and release cycles. The floating axially slidable brake discs and four brake pads have reduced residual torque drag during the brake release cycle and have reduced hystersis. The result is operation at a higher frequency and with less amplitude, than the usual sliding caliper and fixed brake system, and a resolution of a modulating scale for cycling that is usually associated with a much lower coefficient of friction surface than is actually present.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes a rear wheel supported by a swing arm, and a damper extends between the swing arm and the body. A swing arm extension portion extends in the rearward direction from a rear wheel shaft supporting portion of the swing arm. The damper is connected to a rear end connecting portion of the swing arm extension portion. A brake device includes a parking brake caliper and a rear brake caliper. The parking brake caliper and the rear brake caliper are arranged above and below the swing arm extension portion. The rear brake caliper and the parking brake caliper can be mounted without shifting the swing arm toward the outside in the body in the width direction more than necessary.

Abstract: A brake block for a brake of an open-end spinning rotor includes a take-up for releasable affixing to a brake block support. The brake block has at least two braking surfaces, whereby one braking surface in relation to the supporting surface of the open-end spinning rotor is, in comparison to the other braking surface, set back a certain distance. The result is that, during the first operational application of the brake block, only one braking surface touches the open-end spinning rotor, while the other braking surface comes into effect only after a predetermined amount of wear of the first braking surface.

Abstract: A pair of engaging protrusions provided in a support member and a pair of engaging grooves provided in a back plate of a pad are engaged with each other, and the pad is capable of being displaced only in the axial direction of a rotor. Each engaging protrusion is composed of a rising section and a bent section which is bent at the tip end of the rising section at a right angle. The rising section composes a brake torque bearing section, and the bent section composes a rotation preventing section of the pad. The pad is prevented from rattling with respect to the support member by first and second pad clips.

Abstract: A brake fluid pressure retaining apparatus RU is mounted on a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission CVT and a driving motor control unit DCU. The driving motor control unit switches the magnitude of creep driving force between a greater condition and a smaller condition in accordance with a depression of the brake pedal, so that the driving force is made smaller at a depression of the brake pedal than at a release of the brake pedal. The brake fluid pressure retaining apparatus continuously retains brake fluid pressure within a wheel cylinder WC after releasing a brake pedal BP. The retained brake fluid pressure is released after the driving force increases to the greater condition and when a first setting time TM1 passes.

Abstract: A friction element for use in a safety braking device for braking elevators co-operating with at least one elevator guide rail. The friction element has at least one friction surface that can be pressed against the guide rail to decelerate the elevator. The friction element is formed of a fiber-reinforced, ceramic composite material, containing silicon carbide and carbon with carbon fibers as reinforcing components. Preferably, the composite material is formed by a matrix of silicon carbide and carbon and the reinforcing component are exclusively carbon fibers with a minimum length of 10 mm and the volume content of carbon fibers in the friction element being between 30% and 70%.

Abstract: The precharging device is part of a hydraulic brake system of a vehicle and serves to impose brake fluid under pressure selectively on a brake assembly, by means of a charging unit. To activate the imposition of brake fluid, the charging unit is operatively connected to a fuel supply system. The charging unit is preferably embodied as a piston unit.

Abstract: A travel bag is disclosed that includes a pair of flaps. The flaps fold with respect to each other to lay flat or can be positioned to lie adjacent with respect to each other as would be used in a travel bag. Each flap also has at least one sub-flap that enables similar orientation with respect to its respective flap. This combination enables the bag to be positioned flat as it would be if hung open, folded in half as a travel/garment bag or folded to one-quarter size as a travel carryon item or even smaller with additional sub-flaps. The bag can also include a series of pockets, at least some of which are in the form of modules, each may contain several receptacles or individual pockets.

Abstract: A one-way clutch adapted to be disposed in parallel with a hydraulic friction element includes a first plate adapted to connect to an inner member of the hydraulic friction element and a second plate disposed so as to face the first plate in an axial direction thereof and adapted to connect to an outer member of the hydraulic friction element. The first plate has pocket portions concavely provided in an axially internal surface thereof. The second plate has notched portions concavely provided in an axially internal surface thereof, and pawls are tiltably mounted in the pocket portions of the first plate. The first plate is formed integrally with the inner member of the hydraulic friction element.

Abstract: A controllable, multi-mode, bi-directional overrunning clutch assembly and a shift system adapted for transferring drive torque from a primary shaft to a secondary shaft. The clutch assembly includes a first ring journalled on a first rotary member, a second ring fixed to a second rotary member, and a plurality of rollers disposed in opposed cam tracks formed between the first and second rotary members. The first ring is split to define an actuation channel between its end segments. A first spring-biased pin is moveable between positions engaged with and released from one end segment of the split first ring. A second spring-biased pin is moveable between positions engaged with and released from the opposite end segment of the split first ring. A moveable pin actuator controls movement of the first and second pins for establishing distinct operational modes.

Abstract: The invention provides an electromagnetic clutch that effectively reduces the shock noise produced during the coupling of an armature plate and a drive rotor, and furthermore, has a laminated body that can be provided at a low cost as an essential constituent element. The armature plate 34 of the electromagnetic clutch is a laminated body that comprises a plurality of thin metal plates 41, a plurality of fastening tongues 45 project from the inner diameter side of the friction plate 42 on the friction surface side, and these fastening tongues 45 are bent and surround the other laminated thin metal plates 41 so as to fasten them.