Abstract: A bearing adapted to support and allow controlled relative movement with an opposed bearing surface. The bearing is constructed to have a long life by incorporating a locally compliant surface that addresses many causes of friction and wear. The bearing includes a plurality of support members extending from a base. Together, the plurality of support members can support a load applied perpendicular to the base through an opposed bearing. Additionally, the plurality of support members allow sliding contact between the opposed bearings. These support members can move independently to accommodate irregularities located between the support member and the opposed bearing, such that plowing is reduced and wear to the bearings is minimized. Also, the support members maintain the distance between the opposed bearing when any foreign particle or asperity causes one or more of the support members to flex independently on a localized basis.

Abstract: An image processing method for compensating for light falloff in a digital image provides individual compensation values to correct light falloff in the image pixels of an input digital image; however, the individual compensation values induce a balance change in the digital image. Therefore, a balance value is determined for correcting the balance change of the digital image and the individual compensation values and the balance value are applied to the pixels of the input digital image to provide a corrected image having compensation for light falloff with minimal change to the light balance.

Abstract: A mounting device in the form of a substantially annular washer allows a bearing having relatively movable bearing rings to be blind mounted in a bearing seat in a housing or on a shaft. The washer is fitted to one of the bearing rings and abuts a side face of the other bearing ring to transfer an axial mounting force between the two bearing rings to mount one of the bearing rings in the bearing seat. The washer is tapering and assumes a first stable position to transfer axial force sufficient to push one of the bearing rings into its seat and an unstable region encountered after the one bearing ring has reached its mounted position. Under continued axial force, the washer flexes away from the side face of the other bearing ring to an inverted tapering, second stable position, with a passage between the bearing rings being opened.

Abstract: Screw machines having a special internal bearing for the screw shaft, which bearing eliminates the wear of cantilevered screws of single- or multi-shaft screw machines, are described. One or more additional movable bearings, which support the screw shaft and are arranged, spaced from the drive bearing, along the screw shaft, are fitted in the screw machine, the movable bearings having bearing shells of two or more parts and bearing holders of two or more parts.

Abstract: A first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide, a first electrode, and a second electrode are integrated on a substrate. An optical modulator is provided with a clock signal generator for generating an RZ signal by applying a clock signal to either the first or second electrode, and an NRZ data signal generator for supplying an NRZ data signal to the remaining electrode. Thus, the space required by the optical modulator is reduced while tolerance of the same is improved, thus reducing costs for constructing the optical modulator.

Abstract: A first branched optical waveguide and a second branched optical waveguide, to constitute a Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguide, are formed at the surface of a substrate. A first ground electrode, a signal electrode and a second ground electrode are provided on a buffer layer formed on the substrate. The second ground electrode is partially cut away and divided, to form a ditch therein, so that the modulating electrode composed of the signal electrode, the first and the second ground electrodes are substantially symmetrized on the center line between the first and the second optical waveguides. Then, the ratio (d2/d1) of the distance d2 between the signal electrode and the second branched optical waveguide to the distance d1 between the signal electrode and the first electrode is set within 3.5-7.5.

Abstract: A diffraction-optical component for providing a radiation-diffracting grating structure is proposed, comprising a surface wave device including a substrate 43, a surface wave source 47 excitable with an adjustable frequency for producing surface waves on a surface 45 of the substrate 43 and an interaction region 17 of the substrate surface 45 which is provided for the radiation to interact with a grating structure provided by the surface waves produced.

Abstract: An optical isolator includes a first optical collimator, a first birefringent crystal, a Faraday rotator, a second birefringent crystal and a second optical collimator. The first and second collimators have the same structure and configuration. Each first and second collimator includes a ferrule, an optical fiber retained in the ferrule, and a collimating lens, all of which are secured in a tube. The first and second birefringent crystals are respectively fixed to the first and the second collimators. The Faraday rotator is stationed between the first and second collimators, and fixed onto an end of the first collimator. In assembly, the first and second collimators and the Faraday rotator are all secured in a stainless steel outer tube. The second collimator is rotated within the outer tube until correct relative alignment of optical axes of the birefringent crystals is attained.

Abstract: Optical fiber including a core, a cladding surrounding the core, having a refractive index lower than the core, and polarization beam splitter layers in an incident part and emission part at opposite ends of the core, for transmission of a particular polarized beam, for maintaining a polarization direction of an incident beam to enhance an optical utilization efficiency, and projection display system including a beam source of a polarization direction, an optical fiber for reflecting the laser beam to transmit the laser beam therethrough, and maintaining the polarization direction, vibration means connected to the optical fiber at least one or more than point, for vibrating the optical fiber, to vary a phase of the laser beam passing through the optical fiber, a display panel, and a projection optical system for enlarging and projecting the picture from the display panel onto a screen, thereby providing an excellent picture quality.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for measuring one or more optical properties of a test medium, comprising providing an optical waveguide loop comprising a test medium, illuminating the optical waveguide loop with a plurality of light pulses, and detecting roundtrips of the light pulses at one or more locations along the loop, wherein the detected light pulses are indicative of one or more optical properties of the test medium. Preferably, ring-down time of said light pulses is determined. The invention provides measures of optical properties such as absorbance and refractive index of a test medium such as a gas, a liquid, and a solid material.

Abstract: An integrated waveguide array structure allows electrical testing of each unit for shorts between waveguide elements of the array, and shorts between waveguides and the substrate prior to assembly into a larger optico-electronic unit. Multiple waveguide array structures are formed on a wafer, each waveguide array being provided with a cross bar connected to an electrical contact at each end, such that alternate waveguide elements of the array are electrically connected. When connected to a suitable testing device, the existence of shorts between adjacent elements can be immediately detected. Following testing, the cross bar and electrical contact are removed by scribing.

Abstract: An optoelectric transducer module is adapted for mounting at or near the edge of a printed circuit board, for transducing between optical signals flowing in an MT ferrule and electrical signals on the printed circuit board. The transduction may be in either direction. The module uses HDI circuit techniques in conjunction with solid-state optoelectric arrays for reliability and low cost. According to an aspect of the invention, the module is convertible to adapt to any of a number of connector types which use the MT-style ferrule. Thus, the type of connector does not need to be known a priori, but the basic module may be mounted on the printed circuit board, and later fitted with a connector receptacle corresponding to the desired one.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integrated optical device comprising a metal-oxide-based optical planar waveguide amplifier monolithically integrated on a common substrate with at least one additional planar waveguide selected from a group comprising: a planar waveguide signal-processing circuit arranged to process an optical communications signal; and a planar waveguide pump-signal coupling circuit arranged to couple or decouple a pump wavelength to or from the amplifier; wherein the amplifier has a metal-oxide-based core comprising an optically-transmissive metal oxide material doped with a gain medium and is arranged to amplify an optical communication signal when optically pumped with a source of pump radiation. The amplifier can have a core composed of aluminium oxide doped with erbium and/or ytterbium.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit comprises a first waveguide with a first mode of light propagating therein and a second waveguide with a second mode of light propagating therein. The first and second modes of light have different effective indices of refraction. A taper formed in the second waveguide facilitates communication of light between waveguides. Each of the first and second waveguides operate to perform at least one of the generating light, detecting light, and transporting light.

Abstract: A microstructure is provided including a base layer underlying a first and second structural plates. Operation of the microstructure is capable of overcoming stiction. Methods of operation include providing an edge of the first structural plate in contact with a contact point. A second structural plate is deflected in a way that overcomes stiction between the first structural plate and the contact point. Such deflection can include providing a prying force to lift the first structural plate or a hammering force to disturb any stiction related forces at the contact point.

Abstract: A microstructure for steering light is provided. A pivot member is connected with a structural film and supports a base that includes a reflective coating. A fixed rotational actuator is connected with the structural film and is configured to rotate the base on the pivot member upon actuation. A movable hard stop is connected with the structural film. The movable hard stop is configured such that in each of a plurality of its positions, the base assumes one of a plurality of tilt positions upon actuation of the fixed rotational actuator.

Abstract: Optical signal power levels for selected optical channels processed within an add/drop node in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system are adjusted as a function of variations in signal power in an incoming WDM signal caused by gain ripple. In particular, a “ripple fitting” method is described whereby the optical signal power of individual optical channels being added at the add/drop node are adjusted to levels that correspond to the ripple profile of other optical channels being routed through the add/drop node. In this manner, the gain ripple in the WDM signal being output from the add/drop node approximately corresponds to the gain ripple in the incoming WDM signal at the node.

Abstract: An optical fiber transmission system between a sender and a receiver of at least two signals with different wavelengths includes a line optical fiber and a pumping system for sending a pump signal into the line fiber to amplify the signals by distributed stimulated Raman scattering over an amplification length of the fiber. Gain equalization is applied in-line over the amplification length of the fiber so that the gain of each signal is close to the gain of the most strongly amplified signal, whereby each signal is amplified with substantially the same gain.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for management of bandwidth, quality of service, and operational efficiency with respect to delivery of video in a fiber optic, ethernet-based, TDMA communications system. An optical node is placed between a hub and the user, and functionality is placed at the optical node to facilitate the provision of user services. The invention allows improved access to video by buffering a sequence of frames at the optical node. When a user accesses a channel part way through a transmission, a group of pictures starting with the initial frame will be available, and no frames will have been missed. Moreover, the function of responding to a user's command to switch channels is placed at the optical node, instead of at a more distant hub. This improves responsiveness to such commands. Also, when a user repeatedly attempts to access different sequences of frames (“channel surfing”), the optical node will detect such repeated access.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variable optical dispersion compensating module comprised of (a) an optical dispersion compensating unit having an input optical switch, an optical dispersion compensating fiber, connected to the optical switch, having a predetermined optical dispersion amount, a bypass path for bypassing the optical dispersion compensating fiber, and an output optical switch connected to the optical dispersion compensating fiber and the bypass path, (b) an optical dispersion compensating circuit with at least one of the unit connected in series, and (c) an optical attenuator provided, in the direction of an optical path, after the input optical switch or before the output optical switch of the optical dispersion compensating circuit.

Abstract: An optical transmission equipment for use in an optical transmission system, having an optical amplifier (10A), comprising: a first optical doped fiber (1A); a second optical doped fiber (1B); a third optical doped fiber (1C); an optical isolator (6) of bringing loss in the optical signal, being provided between the first optical doped fiber and the second optical doped fiber; a dispersion compensator (7) being provided between the second optical doped fiber and the third optical doped fiber; and a pumping light source (2) being optically connected to so that the optical doped fibers (1A, 1B, 1C) are excited in common.

Abstract: A method of making a microlensed fiber by splicing a doped silica rod to an optical fiber and shaping the end of the doped silica rod into a plano-convex refracting lens. The doped silica rod has a lower melting point and annealing point than undoped silica, and therefor less power is required to manufacture the microlensed fiber. This decreases wear to the heating elements of the manufacturing equipment and therefor increases the number of microlensed fibers that can be manufactured between cycles. A further aspect of the present invention is a microlensed fiber made by the above process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an array waveguide grating and a method of manufacture thereof, in which a substantially smooth wavelength-loss characteristics is obtained in a pass band, rather than increasing the loss. In an array waveguide grating (10), wavelength multiplex division signal light is demultiplexed by a channel waveguide array (15), reflected by a Fabry-Perot resonator array (16), and passed through the channel waveguide array (15) again, so that a substantially smooth wavelength-loss characteristic is obtained in the pass band, rather than increasing the loss.

Abstract: A method for writing a Bragg grating in a waveguide comprises the steps of placing the waveguide in a writing position in which the waveguide extends essentially along one axis; generating a beam of ultraviolet radiation; executing a first and a second scan with the said beam along the waveguide through a phase mask, in such a way as to generate interference fringes capable of modifying the refractive index along the said waveguide in a predetermined way; moving the phase mask, during the first or the second scan, with an oscillatory motion about one of its equilibrium positions and along a direction lying at an angle of less than 90° to the axis of the said waveguide, in such a way as to produce, in this scan, an essentially zero envelope of the refractive index; and varying the intensity of the energy of the ultraviolet radiation in a controlled way along the waveguide during the first and the second scan, for example by controlling the scanning velocity.

Abstract: A wide variety of Fiber Bragg writing devices comprising solid state lasers are provided. The solid state lasers emit moderate peak-power output beams which are suitable for efficient production of fiber Bragg gratings without causing embrittlement of the optical waveguide. These solid state lasers generate output beams with wavelengths of approximately 240 nm, in order to match the primary absorption peak in the ultraviolet range for a typical optical waveguide. In some embodiments, the solid state lasers comprise Ti:sapphire lasers which are tuned to produce fundamental wavelengths which are frequency-multiplied. In other embodiments, the output beam of a Ti:sapphire laser is mixed with a harmonic beam from a pump laser. Some embodiments output the third harmonic of a fundamental beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wavelength-tunable optical grating devices, to a method to tune the wavelength of the device and to communication systems using them. In particular, it concerns a tunable optical filter device with a support frame for supporting a length of optical waveguide, a waveguide grating comprising a length of optical waveguide including an optical grating where two different long period gratings are written in the same part of the length of optical waveguide, the grating is attached to the support at the opposite sides of the grating and at least one mean influencing the optical waveguide by temperature or strain.

Abstract: An optical waveguide Bragg grating fabrication apparatus (1) comprises a light source (2) providing ultra-violet (UV) light and optical means (4,5A-B,6A-B,7A-B,9) for adapting the light beam to form an interference pattern in a photosensitive optical waveguide (8). The interference pattern has a spatial intensity modulation along the length of the optical waveguide and thus providing an optical grating in the waveguide in the form of a refractive index modulation.

Abstract: An optical component including at least one optical supergrating is provided. The optical supergrating includes a quantized refractive index profile adapted to exhibit a finite plurality of refractive indexes; which in turn are adapted to generate a reflectance spectrum in at least one spectral band corresponding to a Fourier transformed analog refractive index profile.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer includes first and second directional coupling portions in which first and second optical waveguides are provided to transfer a light between the first and second optical waveguides. Lengths of the first and second optical waveguides have a difference (&Dgr;L). A product between the difference (&Dgr;L) and a refractive index (n) of the first and second optical waveguides approximates a product between a cross-propagation wavelength (&lgr;2) and a value (N′) substantially equal to an integer (N), and a product between a through-propagation wavelength (&lgr;1) and the value (N′)±0.5. Power coupling ratio differences are at least approximately 1% and at most approximately 10%. Third power coupling ratios with respect to an average wavelength of the cross-propagation wavelength (&lgr;2) and the through-propagation wavelength (&lgr;1) are at least approximately 45% and at most approximately 55%.

Abstract: A two-way optical communication module is provided with: a first optical wave-guide including a light emitting element 2 for emitting a light with wavelength &lgr;1, a curved wave-guide portion (optical wave-guide 6) coupled to the light emitting element 2, and a straight wave-guide portion (optical wave-guide 8) coupled to a core 11 of an optical fiber 4; a second optical wave-guide including a light receiving element 3, a curved wave-guide portion (optical wave-guide 7) coupled to the light receiving element 3, and a straight wave-guide portion (optical wave-guide 9) coupled to a clad 12 of the optical fiber 4; and a directional optical coupler 10 which includes the optical wave-guides 8 and 9 and which guides the light with wavelength &lgr;1 from the optical wave-guide 6 to the core 11 and the light with wavelength &lgr;2 from the core 11 to the optical wave-guide 7.

Abstract: An optical transmission module, which can be realized at a low cost without requiring complicated adjustment of an optical axis. Sheet-type polymer optical waveguides are disposed on a substrate. On an end of each polymer optical waveguide, a transparent electrode layer serving as an anode, an organic-compound layer including a light-emitting layer, and a metal electrode layer serving as a cathode are successively overlaid via vapor deposition or the like to form an organic electro-luminescence (EL) element. When the organic EL element is used as a light source in the optical transmission module, the optical waveguide and the light source (the organic EL element) can be easily connected to each other without requiring complicated adjustment of an optical axis and complicated processing of an end surface of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A dispersion management optical transmission system obtained by connecting a positive fiber having a positive dispersion in the 1.5 &mgr;m band and a negative fiber having a negative dispersion, suppressing dispersion in the 1.5 &mgr;m band, suppressing the occurrence of non-linear phenomena, and reducing the transmission loss and an optical transmission line using the same, wherein the dispersion of the positive fiber in the 1.55 &mgr;m band is 8 to 15 ps/nm/km and the dispersion slope is at least 0.04 ps/nm2/km, the dispersion of the negative fiber in the 1.55 &mgr;m band is not more than −40 ps/nm/km and the dispersion slope is not more than −0.08 ps/nm2/km, the cumulative dispersion of the positive fiber is at least 200 ps/nm, and the average dispersion when combining the positive fiber and the negative fiber module is suppressed to any wavelength region of the 1.5 &mgr;m band.

Abstract: An underwater connector has a plug unit and a receptacle unit each containing a bladder member having an internal, oil-filled chamber in which a respective contact module is located. Each contact module has an end face having both electrical and optical contacts for contact engagement with corresponding contacts on the other module when the units are releasably mated together in an underwater environment. The bladder members each have a resilient forward end portion with an opening communicating with the respective chamber, and opposing, pivoted jaws in each unit are closed to compress the forward end portion to close and seal the opening when the units are unmated.

Abstract: A coupler for coupling first and second fiber optic cables terminating in first and second connectors having first and second ferrules, respectively. The coupler includes a holder element and a mating element. The holder element defines a channel for receiving the first ferrule and a socket aligned with the channel for receiving an optical component The holder element further defines a first cable connector adapted for connection to the first connector and a first element connector opposite said first cable connector. The mating element defines a channel for receiving the second ferrule, a second cable connector adapted for connection to the second connector and a second element connector opposite the second cable connector. Accordingly, the holder element and mating element are connectable to house an optical component aligned with the channels and positionable substantially contiguous with the first and second ferrules when attached thereto.

Abstract: A system for aligning two optical connectors includes first and second connectors each having optical components housed therein. The first connector has V-shaped opposite side walls which define grooves therealong. The second connector has a pair of recesses defined in the front face which are dimensioned to receive a pair of alignment spheres. Upon assembly, the alignment spheres align and engage the V-shaped grooves to lock the two connectors in precise and secure alignment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a structure for separating and prepositioning a set of fibers (2). The invention also relates to a device (17) designed to contain a set of separate fibers prepositioned using a structure according to the invention.

Abstract: A connector for one or more optical fibers has a ferrule into which the optical fibers are glued directly with their outer cladding. No stripping of the fibers is required any longer before gluing them to the ferrule and thus, the difficulty of the fragility of the stripped fibers is overcome. The fibers are special fiber having a primary coating with smaller tolerances of ±2 microns. The fibers are arranged on a flexible foil which forms an optical overlay for a printed circuit board.

Abstract: In an optical connector 1, a cord receiving hole portion 11c, where an optical fiber cord 90 can be inserted and received axially of the optical fiber cord, is formed in a housing 10. A mounting hole 13, through which a stopper 40 can be inserted into the portion 11c perpendicularly to an insertion direction of the cord 90, is formed in the housing. A positioning slit 42, having a width slightly smaller than the diameter of the cord 90, is formed in each plate-like portion 41. A blade portion 43 with an angle 90° is formed at each open end of the slit 42. When the stopper 40 is inserted into the portion 11c through the hole 13, each portion 43 abuts against a covering portion 92, and penetrates into the portion 92 while forcing a cut portion of this portion 92 away in the stopper insertion direction.

Abstract: A single-piece guide boot for a fiber optic ribbon cable includes an angled section and a straight section or termination plug. The guide boot comprises an outer sleeve or body that defines an inner passageway, and has a first end for receiving the cable and a termination port. The inner passageway is dimensioned to allow a user to insert a cable through the passageway. The body with the inner passageway is used for guiding, bending, and/or twisting the cable. The body is angled at the desired angle (or radius of curvature), such as about 45 degrees or about 90 degrees. The body could have an outer diameter that decreases toward the first end. The inner passageway could be tapered to allow the cable to twist along the length of the boot without interference. The cable is inserted into the guide boot and through a cut-out window, at which time it is twisted or otherwise rotated. The cable is then re-inserted through the window and through the termination port of the termination plug.

Abstract: An optical optical waveguide channel is formed in an intermediate layer of a printed circuit board (PCB) so that opto-electronic components on integrated circuit (IC) chips mounted on the PCB may be optically interconnected. At each end of the optical waveguide channel is an optical waveguide path perpendicularly extending from the end of the channel to a surface of the printed circuit board. An IC chip mounted on the PCB may include a die flip-mounted on a substrate. An optically transducing surface of the opto-electronic component is directed downward toward the substrate. Optical waveguide paths extend perpendicularly through the substrate, coupling with the optically transducing surfaces. The IC chips are mounted on the PCB, aligning the optical waveguide paths in the substrates with the optical waveguide paths in the PCB.

Abstract: Disclosed is a junction device for assembling a PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) chip and an optical-fiber block used in an optical-communication system. The junction device includes: an ultraviolet-hardening adhesive filled into a space between the interfaces of the PLC chip and the optical-fiber block, the interfaces being inclined at a given angle; an ultraviolet-light source positioned over the ultraviolet-hardening adhesive for hardening the ultraviolet-hardening adhesive; an optical sensor positioned under the ultraviolet-hardening adhesive for measuring the power changes in the ultraviolet output that have penetrated through the ultraviolet-hardening adhesive; an optical power-meter for displaying the power changes of the ultraviolet based on the data received from the optical sensor; and, a controller for detecting when the ultraviolet-hardening adhesive is completely hardened based on data received from the optical power-meter.

Abstract: A fiber connector that facilitates alignment of and electrical communication with electrooptical devices on an optical fiber or interposed between optical fibers. An embodiment of in-line optoelectronic device packaging constructed according to principles of the invention includes a ferrule configured to receive an optical fiber with an optoelectronic device mounted on one end of the ferrule, for alignment with the fiber. Electrically-conductive deposits along the side of the ferrule supply electrical energy to or conduct electrical signals from the optoelectronic device. The optoelectronic device-carrying ferrule is inserted in a ceramic sleeve. Another ferrule, maintaining another optical fiber, also is inserted in the ceramic sleeve. Another embodiment constructed according to principles of the invention includes a second optoelectronic device mounted on the second ferrule.

Abstract: An optical connector for connecting a plug unit for holding the end face of an optical fiber with an inward retraction from the leading end portion and a receptacle unit having packaged therein a light receiving/emitting element to transfer an optical signal with the optical fiber, to each other through a clearance between the end face of the optical fiber and the light receiving/emitting element. The optical connector comprises a lens disposed in at least one of the position which is retracted inward from the leading end portion of the plug unit and the position which is retracted inward from the end face of the receptacle unit on the plug unit side, for condensing the optical signal, as emitted from one of the optical fiber and the light receiving/emitting element, to the other.

Abstract: An electrooptical transmitting and/or receiving module has a lead frame and an optoelectronic transducer mounted thereon. The lead frame and the optoelectronic transducer are potted by a shaped body made from transparent, formable material. Introduced into the shaped body is a reflector element. A radiation beam emitted by a transmitter, or a received radiation beam to be directed onto a receiver is deflected at a prescribed angle by the reflector element. The module can be used in an electrooptical transmitting and/or receiving unit which is constructed as a sidelooker. A method is also provided for molding the electrooptical transmitting and/or receiving module.

Abstract: A method of terminating multiple optical fibers, by placing terminal ends of the fibers into a connector to create a fiber end face array, locating a plurality of optical devices on a substrate in an array having a matching geometry as the fiber end face array, and positioning the connector with respect to the substrate to align the fiber end face array with the optical device array. The optical device substrate can be formed as part of a fiber termination fixture which further includes a carrier having two holes adapted to receive respective alignment pins of the connector.

Abstract: A temperature-compensated optical fiber component for use in high-density WDM optical communication includes an optical fiber which has a Bragg grating serving as a monochromatic filter, an inner package which supports the optical fiber and causes the Bragg grating to have a temperature-compensating capability, and an outer package arranged outside the inner package. A clearance having a heat insulating function is provided between the outer package and the inner package.

Abstract: A sensor head includes a first substrate provided with a light emitting element and a light receiving element, an optical structure body formed in one piece on a second substrate, the optical structure body having a plurality of optical elements intended for converging incident light in a parallel direction to a surface of the second substrate, for converging an outgoing beam from the light emitting element and a light beam reflected by an object to be measured in the parallel direction to the surface of the second substrate, and lenses intended for converging incident light in a perpendicular direction to the surface of the second substrate, for converging the outgoing beam from the light emitting element and the light beam reflected by the object to be measured in the perpendicular direction to the surface of the second substrate, respectively.

Abstract: A module essentially includes a module housing, into which is introduced a lead frame. An electro-optical transducer is mounted on the lead frame. The interior of the module housing is filled with a transparent potting compound. A plug receptacle part is moulded onto the outer housing wall and has a defined outer contour. Situated in the interior of the plug receptacle part is an optical waveguide piece, which proceeding from the surroundings of an outer area of the plug receptacle part, extends through the interior of the plug receptacle part and through a housing opening right into the housing interior. The optical waveguide piece is optically coupled to the electro-optical transducer. An optical waveguide plug interacting with the module has a sleeve-shaped plug section corresponding to the plug receptacle part.

Abstract: A planar-mounted optical waveguide transmitter-receiver module, in which a plurality of separated silicon substrates and a PLC substrate are hybrid-integrated, is provided. In this module, electrical crosstalk between the light emitting element side and photo-receiving element side is reduced, and adhesion area between substrates is decreased. In this module, a first silicon substrate, on which are mounted a light emitting element and photo-receiving element, is positioned opposing a second silicon substrate, in which is formed a V groove, in which an optical fiber is to be inserted and fixed in place with resin or by other means. On joining surfaces of the first silicon substrate and joining surfaces of the second silicon substrate are positioned and fixed in place joining surfaces on the back face of an optical waveguide (PLC) substrate, in which is formed an optical waveguide.

Abstract: In a fusion splicing method and device for ribbon optical fibers, bare fibers (f) of the ribbon optical fibers are arranged, in opposite direction to each other, on a fiber setup stage (10) having V-grooves. A discharge occurs between the discharge electrode rods (21,22). In order to set all of the bare fibers “f” into a uniform temperature area in a discharge area, a wide and length of the uniform temperature area is extended by applying to the discharge area an electric field generated by applying a desired voltage to fiber clamps (31) made up of a conductive material. Thereby, a good fusing and splicing process is performed by supplying a uniform amount of heat to all of the bare fibers “f”. Further, the above process is also performed while a desired voltage is applied to a conductive plate arranged under the fiber setup stage (10).