Abstract: An apparatus for singly loading perpendicularly conveyed elongated members from a first conveyor to a second conveyor. The apparatus is positioned downstream of the first conveyor and upstream of the second conveyor. The apparatus comprises plural stopper arms each analogously displaceable between an abutting position, wherein the stopper arms hold elongated members from moving forward on the first conveyor, and a bypassing position, wherein the stopper arms are disposed away from the first conveyor for allowing the elongated members to move forward as displaced by the first conveyor. Plural analogously moving lower loaders wheel each have a generally circular body with a gripping surface on an outer periphery thereof. The gripping surface is adapted for abutting an elongated member. Plural analogously moving upper loader wheels are generally positioned above the lower loader wheels and have a resilient peripheral portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for sorting particles of a material such as concrete. The apparatus includes a frame and a drive assembly attached to the frame to induce gyroscopic vibratory motion of the frame in a selected rotational direction. Adjacent first and second inclined screens are affixed to the frame. The screens slope downwardly away from an intermediate ridge at different, respective first and second angles. Material dropped onto the intermediate ridge separates into a first stream which passes along the first inclined screen and a second stream which passes along the second inclined screen. The first and second angles are selected in relation to the vibratory motion of the frame so that the first and second streams each move at substantially the same velocity. A diverter member at the intermediate ridge aids in the transition of material flow along the respective screens.

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting parts along a fixed path. At least one cradle is provided for receiving at least one part to be transported. An endless conveyor extends around first and second rollers disposed at first and second ends for movement of the conveyor along the fixed path. A mechanism retains each part to be transported with respect to a corresponding cradle while moving along at least a portion of the fixed path. The retaining mechanism can be actuated between a part-retaining position and a part-releasing position by operable engagement of a cam follower with a cam surface extending along either the entire fixed path, or any one or more parts of the path as required for the particular application. A spring can be provided for biasing the retaining mechanism toward either the open or the closed position as required.

Abstract: A chain conveyor assembly having the combination of a polymeric material and a hard diamond-like coating at the frictional interface of the chain links. The conveyor chain preferably includes male and female links connected to one another by connector pins. The shaft of each connector pin is coated with a diamond-like coating having high hardness, low friction and low wear characteristics. Opposite ends of the connector pins are connected to the female link while the shaft of the connector pin passes through the male link. A polymeric bushing is fitted to the male link in engagement with the shaft of the connector pin. Accordingly, relative movement between the links occurs at the interface of the DLC connector pin and the polymeric bushing.

Abstract: An operating arrangement is provided for a mechanism or the like, e.g. an operating mechanism for a circuit interrupter for electrical power transmission and distribution systems where the operating mechanism operates on stored energy and requires a recharging operation after the stored energy is utilized to operate the circuit interrupter. The operating arrangement includes an operating member and a cooperating arrangement carried by the operating mechanism for retaining the operating member during a multi-turn charging operation. Initial operation of the operating member for one or more turns causes the operating member to be retained before any charging operation takes place. Subsequent operation of the operating member results in the charging of the operating mechanism. The operating member is then returned to an initial engagement position whereupon the operating member is released for removal from the operating mechanism.

Abstract: A manipulation switch for operating a device that is installed in an automobile by remote control is arranged on a switch body, which is mounted on a steering wheel. A stopper attaches a flat cable, which is electrically connected to the switch body, to the steering wheel. The stopper is adhered to the flat cable. The stopper includes a flange, which extends sideways from the side edge of the flat cable. An engaging hole is formed in the flange. The switch body has an engaging projection, which is engaged with the engaging hole of the flange.

Abstract: A switching apparatus and electromechanical latching system includes an elastomeric button with independently movable electrically conducting spring plates mounted to the button. The button includes a button cap including a relatively high durometer material and button walls including a relatively low durometer button material, such that the button walls collapse and the button cap generally maintains its shape when pressure is applied to the button cap. Each spring plate includes a plurality of cantilever springs. When the button is depressed, the cantilever springs of the spring plates come in contact with electrical tracks to complete a circuit. The completion of the circuit causes a signal to be sent to a vehicle computer, which signals a motor to release the automotive vehicle door latch.

Abstract: A bistable structure provided by the invention is characterized as including a deflection element that has mechanically constrained end points and a compliant span between the end points that is substantially free to deflect between two stable positions when a force is applied at a point along the span. The deflection element span is provided, as-fabricated, curved in one of the two stable positions and in a mechanically unstressed condition along the length of the span. The as-fabricated curve of the deflection element span includes a curve maxima at a point along the span length that is at least about ¼ of the span length from the end points of the span. The deflection element span is constrained to substantially prohibit development of a second bending mode that is characteristic for the span as the element deflects between the two stable positions.

Abstract: A rocker switch with a shaft (30) that can be pivoted clockwise or counterclockwise from a neutral position, which reliably returns to the same neutral position without “play”, and which is of simple design. A coil spring (25) which extends around the shaft, has front and rear opposite coil end portions (24, 26) with corresponding spring ends (27, 29), and which has a spring middle (28). Arms mounted on the shaft include a first arm (39′) engaged with the front spring end and a second arm (39) positioned to engage the spring middle. When the shaft is turned clockwise from the neutral position, the arms turn the first spring end (27) and spring middle (28) clockwise while loading only the rear coil end portion (26). When the shaft turns counterclockwise, the spring middle (28) is prevented from turning by a spring center support (43), so only the front coil portion (24) is loaded.

Abstract: A switch has a housing (11), a pair of switching units (17, 18) with buttons (19) that can be depressed to operate each switch unit, and a rocker (23) pivotally mounted on the housing to pivot clockwise and counterclockwise from a neutral position. An elastomeric diaphragm (30) mounted on a top wall (12) of the housing, extends across an aperture (13) in the housing, with first and second lower parts (28, 29) of the rocker passing through the diaphragm to rest closely above the buttons on the switch units. The diaphragm not only largely seals the switch units, but biases the rocker towards the neutral position.

Abstract: A key switch, comprising a key base, a key cap, and a first linking member and a second linking member are installed between the key base and the key cap, and a flexible member installed on the first linking member. The flexible member can be a spring, and is curved outwardly at its normal position. The second linking member has a pressing lever that is in contact with the flexible member. When the key switch is pressed down, the pressing lever compresses the flexible member, causing the flexible member to change its shape from an outward curve to a straight line, then further to an inward curve, producing a sense of two-step touch control. When the pressing force is released, the resilient force of the flexible member restores the key switch to its original position, thereby requiring the installation of any rubber components.

Abstract: In a flexible switch, a circuit member having an electrode is provided on a adhesive sheet. A spacer sheet, having a through hole situated so as to correspond to the electrode on the circuit member, is provided on the circuit member. A front sheet, having a projected portion, is provided on the spacer sheet, in which a contact portion provided on an inner face of the projected portion is brought into contact with the electrode through the through hole in the circuit member when the projected portion is depressed.

Abstract: A rocker switch assembly comprises a rocker switch housing having a ground contact and first and second electrical circuit contact pins mounted therein. Snap-dome contacts are operatively associated with, but normally electrically disengaged from, each one of the first and second electrical circuit contact pins, and are normally disposed in electrical contact with the ground plate. A rocker actuator has first and second actuator posts integral therewith and depending therefrom so as to normally be disposed in contact with the snap-dome contacts. Depression of one side of the rocker actuator therefore forces one of the actuator posts to in turn force its associated snap-dome contact into engagement with its respective electrical circuit contact pin so as to CLOSE the electrical circuit controlled by such electrical circuit contact pin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for the recovery of an organic acid, such as a heat stable lactic acid, from a feed stream comprising at least one of an organic acid amide, an organic acid ammonium salt, or an alkylamine-organic acid complex. The feed stream that comprises the organic acid amide, organic acid ammonium salt, or alkylamine-organic acid complex is mixed with at least one azeotroping agent. The azeotroping agent is a hydrocarbon capable of forming at least one azeotrope with the organic acid that is produced by the thermal decomposition of the amide, ammonium salt, or complex in the feed stream. Preferably the azeotrope is a heteroazeotrope. The mixture comprising the feed stream and the azeotroping agent is heated to produce a vapor stream that comprises the azeotrope. The vapor stream can be condensed to a liquid stream, and the organic acid is recovered in the liquid stream that is produced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for the recovery of at least one of an organic acid or an organic acid amide, such as a heat stable lactic acid or lactamide, from a feed stream comprising the organic acid and/or organic acid amide. The feed stream that comprises the organic acid and/or organic acid amide is mixed with at least one azeotroping agent. The azeotroping agent is a hydrocarbon capable of forming at least one heteroazeotrope with the organic acid or the organic acid amide. The mixture comprising the feed stream and the azeotroping agent is heated to produce a vapor stream that comprises the heteroazeotrope. The vapor stream can be heated further to separate components or it can be condensed into a liquid stream. The liquid stream is capable of being separated into a first phase and a second phase. The first phase contains the highest concentration of the organic acid and/or the organic acid amide and the second phase comprises the azeotroping agent.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for desalination of salt water (and purification of polluted water) are disclosed. Salt (or otherwise polluted) water is pumped to a desalination installation and down to the base of a desalination fractionation column, where it is mixed with hydrate-forming gas to form either positively buoyant or negatively buoyant (assisted buoyancy) hydrate. The hydrate rises or is carried upward and dissociates (melts) into the gas and pure water. In preferred embodiments, residual salt water which is heated by heat given off during formation of the hydrate is removed from the system to create a bias towards overall cooling as the hydrate dissociates endothermically at shallower depths. In preferred embodiments, the input water is passed through regions of dissociation in heat-exchanging relationship therewith so as to be cooled sufficiently for hydrate to form at pressure-depth.

Abstract: An apparatus for promoting reactions between particles suspended in a liquid is provided. The apparatus includes a treatment cell having an electrode array. The suspension of the particles is fed to the treatment cell by feeding means. The liquid is removed from the treatment cell by removing means. The feeding means is connected to the electrode array in the cell and adapted to generate a first non-uniform electrical field, at a first frequency, within the cell. The removing means is connected to the electrode array in the cell and adapted to generate, within the cell, a second non-uniform electrical field, at a second frequency which is different from the first frequency. The apparatus further includes means for simultaneously applying at least the first non-uniform electrical field, at the first frequency, and the second non-uniform electrical field, at the second frequency.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for annealing of materials deposited in a processing chamber to form silicide layers. In one aspect, a method is provided for treating a substrate surface including positioning a substrate having silicon material disposed thereon on a substrate support in a chamber, forming a metal layer on at least the silicon material, and annealing the substrate in situ to form a metal silicide layer. In another aspect, the method is performed in an apparatus including a load lock chamber, an intermediate substrate transfer region connected to the load lock chamber, the intermediate substrate transfer region comprising a first substrate transfer chamber and a second substrate transfer chamber, a physical vapor deposition processing chamber disposed on the first substrate transfer chamber and an annealing chamber disposed on the second substrate transfer chamber.

Abstract: This invention provides a new DWDM filter deposition system, which uses quarter wavelength antenna and electron cyclotron resonance magnets to enhance the plasma density to improve the quality of DWDM filter.

Abstract: The devices and methods of the art do not readily allow moistening of, removing gas bubbles from and/or increasing the transfer of material in through bores and/or pocket holes in printed circuit boards (PCB). Considerable problems are presented by the treatment of very narrow bores with high aspect ratios in particular. To overcome this problem a method was found that involves the following stages: the printed circuit boards PCB are passed through a processing plant on a horizontal conveying path and in one conveying plane 2 by means of transportation means 13, 14 and are thereby brought to contact a liquid for treatment, wherein mechanical pulses are directly transmitted to the printed circuit boards PCB via the transportation means 13, 14 and/or via the liquid for treatment by means of pulse generating means 50.

Abstract: A flow through capacitor system is provided having one or more movable electrodes. A movable electrode may be in the form of a movable belt structure or a roller. The system further includes at least one subsystem for removing ions that accumulate at the one or more movable electrodes.

Abstract: A design and method for fabricating an electrochemical transducer including two housing plates, each of the housing plates being constructed of a polymer material and wherein each of the housing plates include an inner side, an outer side and a plurality of channels through the housing plates so as to communicate the inner side with the outer side, two anode electrodes, the anode electrodes disposed so as to be sandwiched between the housing plates, two cathode electrodes, the cathode electrodes disposed so as to be sandwiched between the anode electrodes and three porous insulating layers, the insulating layers being constructed of a polymer mesh and wherein each of the insulating layers is disposed so as to separate each of the anode electrodes from the cathode electrodes and each of the cathode electrodes from each other, while permitting the flow of an electrolyte between them.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to various aspects of a plasma process, and more specifically the monitoring of such plasma processes. One aspect relates in at least some manner to calibrating or initializing a plasma monitoring assembly. Another aspect relates in at least some manner to various types of evaluations which may be undertaken of a plasma process which was run, and more typically one which is currently being run, within the processing chamber. Yet another aspect associated with the present invention relates in at least some manner to the endpoint of a plasma process (e.g., plasma recipe, plasma clean, conditioning wafer operation) or discrete/discernible portion thereof (e.g., a plasma step of a multiple step plasma recipe). A final aspect associated with the present invention relates to how one or more of the above-noted aspects may be implemented into a semiconductor fabrication facility, such as the distribution of wafers to a wafer production system.

Abstract: An electrochemical gas sensor. One embodiment of the sensor may include a sensor body having a cavity, an electrolyte solution in the cavity, an auxiliary electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution, a sensing electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution, and a first baffle mounted within the cavity. The baffle comprises a plate with at least one aperture and serves to form a partial barrier for delaying the mixing process when liquid is added to the electrolyte solution. The sensor may also include a second such baffle. Also a method for mixing a liquid with electrolyte solution of an electrochemical sensor. The method includes forming a first barrier within the cavity and controlling the flow of the liquid introduced through the first barrier. The method may include forming a second such barrier and controlling the flow of the liquid through the first and second barriers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a durable and reliable miniature liquid junction reference electrode for use with at least one electrode (e.g., an electrochemical sensor cartridge) for measuring certain characteristics of a fluid sample such as blood or other body fluid.

Abstract: Method and system of forming microfluidic capillaries in a variety of substrate materials. A first layer of a material such as silicon dioxide is applied to a channel etched in substrate. A second, sacrificial layer of a material such as a polymer is deposited on the first layer. A third layer which may be of the same material as the first layer is placed on the second layer. The sacrificial layer is removed to form a smooth walled capillary in the substrate.

Abstract: A method for covering a set of open microchannel structures which are fabricated on a planar surface made of plastics and which comprise two or more part areas that have different surface characteristics. The method comprises the steps of: a) providing the surface comprising the set of microchannel structures; b) providing a lid-forming sheet having on one side an even layer of a thermoglue; c) applying the side of the sheet having the thermoglue against the surface carrying the microchannel structure; d) heating the assembly created in step (c) to selectively liquefy the hot-melt adhesive while at the same time pressing the sheet material and the planar surface of the substrate together; e) permitting the resulting laminate-covered microchannel structure to cool.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an apparatus and method for the separation of molecules, particularly micromolecules having a molecular mass of less than 5000 Dalton.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method of evaluating electroplating solutions and conditions. In one embodiment, the method of evaluating electroplating solutions comprises utilizing an electrochemical measuring cell having a working electrode having a lid with at least one hole, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode are immersed in at least one sample of at least one electroplating solution. The lid is disposed over the working electrode forming a chamber between the working electrode and the lid. The lid further has a hole to allow an electroplating solution to flow into the chamber and reach the working electrode. The potential of the working electrode in the sample of the electroplating solution is measured over time with a constant current supplied to the working electrode.

Abstract: A method for determining relevant deposition parameters in i-PVD processes, includes, first calculating the reaction rates for desired reagents of the gas plasma and of a metal and/or metal compound to be deposited, then simulating the edge coverage of a predetermined structure with the deposited metal based upon the calculated reaction rates with systematic variation of the relevant deposition parameters, and compiling variant tables therefrom. By comparing an experimental verification of the simulated edge coverage by imaging the edge coverage of the metal layer deposited over the determined structure, e.g., using a TEM cross-section, with the simulated deposition parameters for the edge coverages that have been recorded in the variant table, it is possible to read the deposition parameters that are of relevance to the process from the variant table.

Abstract: A process for recovering vanadium contained in inorganic acid solutions by precipitating the vanadium as a solid compound of vanadium and alkali metal or monovalent cation ferricyanide. Separation is carried out electrochemically by depositing the compound on to a metal immersed in the acid solution that contains vanadium, to which a ferricyanide salt of an alkali metal or a monovalent cation has been added. If the inorganic acid present in solution is different from nitric acid, the vanadium can be also separated by direct addition of a ferricyanide salt of an alkali metal or a monovalent cation to the acid solution containing vanadium. The method described allows recovery of vanadium without modifying the initial composition of the solution, except for the concentration of the vanadium dissolved.

Abstract: A method of forming a solid inter-layer conductive rod. A printed circuit board comprising an insulating core layer, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer is provided. The insulating core layer is sandwiched between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A first opening that exposes a portion of the insulating core layer is formed in the first conductive layer. The exposed insulating core layer is removed by laser drilling to form a second opening that exposes a portion of the second conductive layer. An electroplating process is conducted using the second conductive layer as a negative electrode so that conductive material solidly fills the first opening and the second opening to form a solid conductive rod.

Abstract: A composite for use in forming a multi-layer printed circuit board, comprised of an INVAR® sheet having a thickness of between 0.5 mil and 5 mil; and a layer of electrodeposited copper on at least one side thereof. The copper has a thickness of between 1&mgr; and 50&mgr;, wherein the composite has a thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) of about 2.8 to 6.0 ppm at temperatures between 0° F. and 200° F.

Abstract: Deposition of conductive material on or removal of conductive material from a workpiece frontal side of a semiconductor workpiece is performed by providing an anode having an anode area which is to face the workpiece frontal side, and electrically connecting the workpiece frontal side with at least one electrical contact, outside of the anode area, by pushing the electrical contact and the workpiece frontal side into proximity with each other. A potential is applied between the anode and the electrical contact, and the workpiece is moved with respect to the anode and the electrical contact. Full-face electroplating or electropolishing over the workpiece frontal side surface, in its entirety, is thus permitted.

Abstract: A semiconductor workpiece holder used in electroplating systems for plating metal layers, such as copper, onto a semiconductor workpiece. The workpiece holder includes electrodes which extend and are partially submerged in a liquid plating bath. The electrodes have a contact face which bears against the workpiece and conducts current therebetween. The submersible portions of the electrodes are partially covered with a dielectric layer or surface and partially covered with a conductive layer or surface. The conductive surface is preferably spaced from the contact face and placed in direct contact with the plating bath to allow diversion of some of the plating current directly between the electrode and plating bath. Associated methods are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell type reactor for performing an oxidation reaction of a system comprising a substrate, a reductant and an oxidant, comprising: a casing; an anode which comprises an anode active material and which is ion-conductive or active species-conductive; and a cathode which comprises a cathode active material and which is ion-conductive or active species-conductive, wherein the anode and the cathode are disposed in spaced relationship in the casing to partition the inside of the casing into an intermediate compartment between the anode and the cathode, an anode compartment on the outside of the anode and a cathode compartment on the outside of the cathode, and wherein the intermediate compartment has an inlet for an electrolyte solution and a substrate, the anode compartment has an inlet for a reductant, and the cathode compartment has an inlet for an oxidant.

Abstract: An ozone generator which operates at constant pressures to produce a continuous flow of ozone in an oxygen stream having from 10% to 18% by weight of ozone. The ozone generator includes one or more electrolytic cells comprising an anode/anode flowfield, a cathode/cathode flowfield, and a proton exchange medium for maintaining the separation of ozone and oxygen from hydrogen. The ozone generator also has an anode reservoir which vents oxygen and ozone and a cathode reservoir which vents hydrogen. The anode reservoir can be filled from the cathode reservoir while continuing to produce ozone. The ozone generator is readily configured for self-control using a system controller programmed to operate the anode reservoir at a constant pressure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a material in which a gas mixture is subjected to a a temperature of at least 1,000 degrees Celsius while its pressure increased to at least 1,000 Torr. The pressurized hot gas mixture, which contains inert gas and fullerene ions, is then quenched by decreasing its temperature to a temperature of less than 500 degrees Celsius in a period of less than about 1 millisecond, and by decreasing its pressure of to a pressure of less than about 1 Torr in a period of less than about 10 milliseconds.

Abstract: This invention provides a disposable contact lens package comprising a base having a top surface and a recessed well having a perimeter in the top surface, said well for holding said contact lens therein, said top surface comprising a raised seal volume surrounding said perimeter of said recessed well said raised surface having a cross-sectional shape comprising two linear sides that intersect the horizontal plane at angles alpha and beta, respectively, wherein angles alpha and beta independently have values from 125 to 170 degrees; and wherein said package further comprises a removable lidstock sealed to said raised seal volume.

Abstract: A suture package is disclosed that is sized and shaped to contain at least one suture. The suture package includes an envelope having a plurality of panels. One of the panels is a pressure panel which functions to urge a suture against another of the panels, thereby immobilizing the suture within the package.

Abstract: A soap receptacle for minimizing or preventing water erosion of soap and the resulting residue. The receptacle is formed of a pile textile fabric saturated with a stiffening agent in a predetermined shape. The soap receptacle is rigid and is capable of embodying ornamental designs in the textile fabric. The textile material in the receptacle, including the pile material, permits associated water to be absorbed and evaporated, thus avoiding erosion of the soap and the resulting residue.

Abstract: A container including a body, a top portion and a bottom portion on the body, a first wall on the body, a material-treating container, a second wall on the material-treating container, a material-treating substance in the material container, a permeable cover on the material container, and the second wall being positioned coextensively within the first wall with the material-treating container in hermetic sealing relationship with the bottom portion of the first wall and with the permeable cover within the body.

Abstract: A compact packaged towel that, in one form, is reduced in volume and is disposable. The compact packaged towel comprises one or more towels, a first sheet and a second sheet. The edges of the first sheet are sealed to the corresponding edges of the second sheet and define a compartment between the two sheets. One or more towels are positioned within the compartment from which substantially all of the air is removed.

Abstract: A novelty item capable of dispensing individual bills of paper currency for presenting a monetary gift in a new and extravagant fashion. The novelty item includes a container having panels and a slot disposed through one of the panels. A roll of paper currency is disposed within the container and a portion of the roll extends outwardly through the slot of the container. The roll includes a strip of a bills joined together in seriatim in end-to-end fashion. The roll also includes pieces of tape adhered between ends of the bills for temporarily connecting the bills together to establish the strip. The novelty item is packaged in a unique packaging kit for display and marketing purposes.

Abstract: A combination compact disc holder and informational booklet comprising a cover and a plurality of pages, the cover and pages being made of substantially rectangular paper sheets, the cover being of heavier stock and including at least one pocket having such size and shape as to retain a compact disc therein, and the pages being of lighter stock and carrying printed information concerning the content of the compact disc stored in the at least one pocket, the pages being folded and sewn along a fold line and the cover being glued to an outer surface of an outermost page.

Abstract: A combination compact disc holder and informational booklet comprising a cover and a plurality of pages, the cover and pages being made of substantially rectangular paper sheets, the cover being of heavier stock and including at least one pocket having such size and shape as to retain a compact disc therein, and the pages being of lighter stock and carrying printed information concerning the content of the compact disc stored in the at least one pocket, the pages being folded and sewn along a fold line and the cover being glued to an outer surface of an outermost page. The holder/booklet may include at least one compact disc pocket formed of heat-sealable materials.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cigar storage are provided. The apparatus preferably has a main body container having a bottom, side portions connected to and extending upwardly from the bottom, and a plurality of separate, individual and elongate cigar storage compartments formed within the main body and within the confines of the side portions and each having an open upper end thereof to position a cigar therein. The separate and individual storage compartments advantageously protect each individual cigar from damage, contamination, moisture, and other aspects such as during travel, extensive use, toting, or other uses of the apparatus.

Abstract: A pouch for tobacco and smoking items and accessories includes first and second outside panels that are attached at an edge and are foldable relative to each other between an open position and a closed condition. A first pocket panel on the first outside panel and a second pocket panel on the second outside panel. A double-loop, item support attached to the second pocket panel. The double-loop is formed from a single piece of elastic material which is secured to the second pocket panel to form two different size loops and without the use of slits or other holes, for receiving the loop material, being formed in the second pocket panel.

Abstract: A rigid cigarette packet in the form of a rectangular-section prism defined by a cup-shaped container having a hinged lid, and wherein a collar, having a part projecting axially from an open end of the cup-shaped container, and an inner part inside the cup-shaped container, is provided, on the inner part, with two longitudinal slits defining respective tabs, the free edge of each of which extends along a respective longitudinal edge connecting a front wall and a respective lateral wall of the cup-shaped container.

Abstract: A polyethylene garment protector, extensively used by garment manufacturers to protect garments in transport to and from various facilities such as, factories, distribution centers, and retail establishments. The garment protector is also commonly used by garment pressers or cleaners for the delivery or storage of pressed or cleaned garments mounted on conventional garment hangers. Furthermore, the polyethylene garment protector can also be used to enclose other textiles or goods that may be stored, shipped and/or sold in hanging form. The polyethylene garment protector is provided with at least one zone of weakness on either the front side, back side or both sides of such garment protectors, along which the garment protector may be severed to facilitate its removal so that the enclosed garment is not wrinkled or mussed. Essentially, the zone of weakness provides tear lines upon which the envelope may be opened to facilitate separating the protector and the enclosed garment.