Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for monitoring the operation of a gas flow control element in an internal combustion engine. In this method, the engine rough running is detected and at least one rough-running signal is formed which represents the rough running of the engine. Then, by driving the gas flow control element, a change of the position of the gas flow control element is attempted. Then, a detection of the rough-running signals as a function of the change of the position of the gas flow control element takes place. The change of position is intended by the driving of the gas flow control element. From the above, a function signal can be derived which provides information as to the operation of the gas flow control element. The diagnosis of a gas flow control element by evaluation of the engine rough running in engine controls (which anyway have units for forming rough-running values) permits a diagnosis of the above kind without separate sensors for function monitoring.

Abstract: There is described a control device for controlling the speed of an engine of a vehicle, and having a tracer block which receives a target engine speed indicating the desired engine speed, and a maximum engine torque, and supplies a reference engine speed indicating the behaviour of the engine speed during a transient speed state towards the target engine speed, and an open-loop torque indicating the drive torque which must be produced by the engine during the transient speed state for the engine speed to follow the reference engine speed; an observer block which receives a measured engine speed indicating the engine speed, and a combustion torque indicating the drive torque generated by fuel combustion, and supplies an observed engine speed representing an estimate of engine speed made on the basis of a system model and as a function of the combustion torque and the measured engine speed, and an observed resisting torque representing an estimate of the total resisting torque acting on the drive shaft of the

Abstract: A method for controlling a positioning device of an internal combustion engine includes the steps of: providing an electric motor for actuating the positioning device with the positioning device applying a torque to the; detecting a commanded position of the positioning device; detecting a sensed position of the positioning device; forming a damping term based upon the sensed position; forming a dynamic feedforward term based upon the commanded position; and forming a control action based separately upon the damping term and the dynamic feedforward term.

Abstract: In order to improve the control characteristics for ignition timing during transient operating conditions including engine startup, during engine transient operating conditions, a controller (1) sets an advance limit ADVLMT restricting the maximum value of the ignition timing advance to a limit ADMLMTS which is a large value when compared to the value for steady-state operating conditions. Furthermore during transient operating conditions, the dwell angle TDWLLB is also increased and the correlation of the ignition timing control with respect to a suitable ignition timing is improved.

Abstract: The startup time of an engine is shortened by performing initial fuel injection after the start of cranking on a cylinder undergoing an intake stroke and a cylinder undergoing an exhaust stroke. After the initial fuel injection, HC emissions are suppressed by performing fuel injection in cylinders undergoing an exhaust stroke. Furthermore when it is determined that initial combustion has not occurred after the initial fuel injection, an additional injection is performed on the cylinder undergoing an intake stroke. In this manner, it is possible to minimize increases in the startup time and adverse effects on exhaust emissions.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, in particular with direct injection, a first fuel pump delivers fuel from a fuel tank to a second fuel pump. This second fuel pump delivers the fuel to a fuel accumulation line. A metering unit is triggered by a control and/or regulating unit and meters the fuel quantity traveling into the inlet of the second fuel pump. In order to simplify the design of the engine and to reduce its cost, the invention proposes that during normal operation, the metering unit is closed when it is without power and that when the control and/or regulating unit is “dead”, the metering unit is without power and the fuel delivery to the metering unit is cut off.

Abstract: A self-regulating direct injection fuel delivery system for a motor vehicle includes a common rail having an accumulator including a relatively large fuel volume. The accumulator is connected in fluid communication with a distributor having a relatively small fuel volume and at least one fuel injector nozzle is connected in direct fluid communication with the distributor. A high-pressure pump for delivering fuel to the common rail is provided and a flow control device is interposed between the pump and the common rail for selectively delivering fuel to one of the accumulator and the distributor and then the other of the accumulator and the distributor.

Abstract: In a four-stroke cycle multi-cylinder internal combustion engine (2), a controller (1) controls fuel injectors (8) to inject fuel for the cylinder (#1) in the intake stroke immediately after the first cylinder-stroke identification is performed. Due to this fuel injection control, the fuel is necessarily injected before the first combustion occasion at any cylinder (#1-#4), cylinder dependent fluctuation of air-fuel ratio when the first combustion takes place in the respective cylinders (#1-#4) is prevented. Further, in a predetermined low temperature range, the controller (1) controls fuel injectors (8) to perform a preliminary fuel injection for all the cylinders (#1-#4) before the first cylinder-stroke identification, so the fuel amount required for the first combustion is ensured for all the cylinders (#1-#4).

Abstract: A fuel injection control device for an internal combustion engine is provided with a controller functions to command the fuel injectors for a cylinder in the exhaust stroke and for a cylinder in the intake stroke to simultaneously perform a primary fuel injection, when the first cylinder-stroke identification is performed, if the engine temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature. The controller further functions to command the fuel injector only for a cylinder in the intake stroke to perform a primary fuel injection, when the first cylinder-stroke identification is performed, if the engine temperature is less than the predetermined temperature. Thus the startup time of the engine is shortened and the stability of startup is ensured at normal, low, or extremely low temperatures.

Abstract: A method of managing pressure in a fuel system supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine. The method includes providing a fuel tank including a headspace, connecting to the headspace an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, a fuel vapor collection canister, a purge valve, and a fuel vapor pressure management apparatus, detecting the vacuum that naturally forms in the headspace, and relieving excess pressure that forms in the headspace. The fuel vapor management apparatus includes a housing defining an interior chamber, excludes a diaphragm partitioning the interior chamber, and excludes an electromechanical actuator.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for adjusting a fuel vapor pressure management apparatus of a fuel system supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine. The fuel vapor pressure management apparatus performs leak detection on a headspace of the fuel system, performs excess negative pressure relief of the headspace, and performs excess positive pressure relief of the headspace. The apparatus includes a housing defining an interior chamber, a pressure operable device, a resilient element, and an adjuster. The pressure operable device separates the interior chamber into first and second portions, and includes a poppet that is movable along an axis and a seal that is adapted to cooperatively engage the poppet. The resilient element applies a force that biases together the poppet and the seal.

Abstract: A coalescing filter assembly and a corresponding cover are disclosed. The assembly is mounted to a rotating component substantially within an engine crankcase, and is synchronously rotated with the rotating component about an axis. Vent gas of the engine crankcase is in fluid communication with the coalescing filter assembly through one or more inlet ports. The coalescing filter assembly is preferably mounted to a gear and includes a filter located within a cavity formed between a first housing element and a second housing element. The coalescing filter assembly components are substantially concentric with the axis about which the gear rotates, and the assembly and gear synchronously rotate with one another. The cover preferably includes a diaphragm to control the rate of flow of vent gas from the engine crankcase through the coalescing filter assembly into the outlet conduit of the cover.

Abstract: A supplementary ignition system in an internal combustion engine having an induction coil ignition systems of the type in which a first spark signal is generated to provide a single second spark signal a predetermined time after the start of the first spark signal. The invention supplements and does not alter or affect the first spark signal the first spark signal provided by the primary ignition system for the internal combustion engine. Augmentation with the second strike ignition system results in a longer duration and higher quality double strike spark at the spark plug of the engine during the compression stroke of the engine to provide more complete combustion of the fuel/air mixture in each cylinder of the engine. Being a supplemental ignition system, it can be removed at any time with immediate reversal back to the original equipment and its performance.

Abstract: The present invention is configured to maintain a desired emissions level of an engine having an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold, and an exhaust stack is disclosed. The method includes the steps of establishing a desired emissions level, establishing an engine speed, establishing an engine load, establishing at least one characteristic of one of an intake air and an exhaust gas, and determining a fuel command in response to the engine speed, the engine load, and the desired emissions level, the fuel command resulting in the engine maintaining the desired emissions level.

Abstract: A game scent delivery system includes a plurality of projectiles having a game scent and a projector that is capable of projecting one of the projectiles to a desired location. The projector includes a projectile launching member, a projectile storage unit that has a sufficient size to store a predetermined number of the projectiles, and a single projectile dispensing unit. The single projectile dispensing unit is integral with the projectile storage unit and is capable of dispensing a single projectile of the plurality of projectiles to the projectile launching member while retaining all of the plurality of projectiles in the projectile storage unit, except for the single projectile.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system of components for a compressed-gas-powered gun. The components are made of a transparent polymer, such as polycarbonate. The components are durable, highly attractive, and, because they are clear, permit a user to see through them to determine any gun failure. A method of installing a major component, a breech block, is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved ON-OFF control for a paintball gun comprises sidewalls defining a transverse actuator socket, a gas inlet for fluid communication to a pressurized gas source and a gas outlet, and a spool received in the socket and movable between a first position wherein an internal passage is defined between the gas inlet opening and the gas outlet opening, and a second position wherein the flow of gas from the gas inlet is blocked and the gas outlet is vented to atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for separating slices from a hard brittle workpiece involves subjecting the workpiece to an advancing movement and pressing it onto wires of a wire web of a wire saw, the wires being under a defined wire tension and making contact with the workpiece over a cutting depth along a cutting contour. The wires are lifted off the cutting contour an number of times while the wire tension is kept substantially unchanged, with the aid of rolls of a roll system. The roll system comprises at least one roll that is moved onto the wire web and back, the roll system comprising at least two moveable rolls which flank the workpiece. A wire saw is suitable for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A portable fire ring assembly includes at least three substantially identically configured curved ring sections. Each ring section has a body defined by an upper edge, a lower edge and opposing ends. Each end includes a pair of engaging structures extending therefrom. Each engaging structure includes a male member and a female member, whereby male members of one ring section are removably engagable with female members of another of the ring sections such that the ring sections may be joined to define a ring sized to surround a campfire.

Abstract: A barbecue grill assembly includes aside rack mounted foldably on a main frame, which has a mounting seat formed with an insert hole for access to a slide passage and installed with a resilient locking pin and an operating shaft coupled to the locking pin. The side rack has an insert rod extending slidably into the slide passage and formed with an engaging groove for engaging the locking pin so as to retain the side rack at a horizontal unfolded position. The insert rod extends through a side hole portion of the insert hole when in the unfolded position. The operating shaft is operable against restoring action of the locking pin so as to disengage the locking pin from the insert rod. The insert rod is slidable outwardly and is turnable downwardly to extend through a bottom hole portion of the insert hole when disengaged from the locking pin.

Abstract: Combination cooking grills and thermal chests are provided. One such combination includes a thermal chest that defines an interior and which includes an opening communicating with and providing access to the interior. The combination also includes a grill that defines a cooking interior and which incorporates a grilling surface mounted within the cooking interior. A repositioning assembly is mounted to the thermal chest. The grill is movable, via the repositioning assembly, between a lowered position in which the grill limits access to the interior of the thermal chest via the opening, and a raised position in which the grill is spaced from the thermal chest such that access to the interior of the thermal chest is provided via the opening.

Abstract: A portable heater comprises a housing, a heating element, and a fuel supply. The fuel supply is preferably a liquid gas type wherein a valve assembly meters the gas to the heating element. A regulator is used to regulate flow of gas from the fuel source, and a connector assembly rotatably interconnects the regulator to the valve assembly. This rotatable connection allows the fuel source, typically in the form of a gas bottle, to be rotated away from the housing for easier removal and replacement of the gas bottle. Rotation of the regulator can be supported by use of a bracket which is attached to the regulator.

Abstract: A gas fryer comprising: a tank for holding cooking oil, a heat pipe located proximate in the middle depth of said tank so that said heat pipe is soaked in said cooking oil, a combustion chamber located at the combustion gas inlet side of said heat pipe, and a flue located at a combustion gas outlet side of said heat pipe, wherein said heat pipe comprises a sleeve fitted in the inner wall of said heat pipe, and a spirally shaped mixer installed in said heat pipe, and wherein said flue comprises an introduction system of fresh air, said system comprising of a blowing nozzle of the fresh air positioned proximate to a narrowed region located proximate in the middle of said flue along a longitudinal axis, an inlet of fresh air located at a part of said flue, and a passage of fresh air provided along the inner and/or outer wall of said flue was provided.

Abstract: A system for oxidation of carbon monoxide produced from gas log sets used in a vent free mode in a wood burning fireplace or fireplace insert. In the system a vent chamber is placed in the top of the combustion chamber. The vent chamber has three sides, a ceiling and a floor the front of the chamber being open and venting outside of the firebox. The vent chamber is positioned in the top of the fireplace combustion chamber. The floor of the vent chamber has a hole cut into it and a low shape profile, low pressure drop catalytic screen placed in the hole so that the exhaust can pass through the catalyst into the chamber and then vent to the room. A curtain may be placed below the chamber vent and in front of the catalyst to act as a baffle or dam to restrict the flow of rising hot exhaust and redirecting it through the catalyst.

Abstract: A solar collector array is formed of multiple parallel rows of solar panels, each said row being made of one or more building blocks with an east-west oriented torsion tube defining an east-west axis for the row, an array of flat generally rectangular solar panels, and a set of panel rails and rail claims attaching the panels onto the torsion tube. A row of piers aligned on the east-west axis each have a footing that is supported in the earth, and a pier cap affixed onto a top end of the pier. The pier cap holds the torsion tube non-rotationally such that the torsion tube and panels are held at a preset elevation angle. The torsion tube may serve as a conduit for power conductors from the panels.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device designed to comfortably and efficiently maintain medical tubing in place on the head of a hospitalized patient. The device comprises a substantially circular member fabricated from an elastic material, with one or more integrated loops. The circular member engages the head of the patient, and the elastic property of the circular member serves to secure it to the head of the patient comfortably without causing constriction of blood vessels or skin irritation. The integrated loops can receive medical tubing such as that associated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivery systems, nasal- and oral-gastric feeding tubes, pH probes, oral suction tubes, gastric secretion tubes and tubes used for intravenous drug delivery.

Abstract: An improved pacifier and method of use thereof. The pacifier includes an artificial nipple to stimulate sucking when inserted in a mouth of a patient. The nipple is hollow and includes an interior volume serves as a channel of fluid communication between a first aperture and a second aperture. The first aperture is open to the interior volume of the nipple and the mouth. The second aperture is open to the interior volume of the nipple and an outside environment. The pacifier further includes an air flow valve with a first operational state in which the channel of fluid communication is closed and a second operational state in which the channel of fluid communication is open. The pacifier is constructed so that sucking causes the air flow valve to assume the first operational state while cessation of sucking allows the air flow valve to assume the second operational state.

Abstract: The present invention provides, for the first time, a process that meets the needs of the drug industry for measuring the particle size of nebulised aerosols simultaneously or one after another by the laser diffraction method and the cascade impactor method which is known in the art. In this way it is possible to bring the reliability of the results of the laser diffraction process according to the invention into conformity with that of the cascade impactor, and thereby obtain a process which combines the advantages of the rapid laser diffraction process with the accuracy of the otherwise time-consuming cascade impactor method. In addition to the process, apparatus for carrying out the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for aerosol delivery of a drug. The system includes: a disposable cassette containing a dose of the drug. The dose of the drug is supplied within a breakable container. The system further includes a drug release mechanism to break the breakable container and release dose of the drug. Air from the airflow generator flows into the cassette via a first opening and outward via a second opening insuring aerosol delivery of the drug. The method includes supplying a disposable cassette as in the system and operating a drug release mechanism to break the breakable container and release the dose of the drug . The method further includes generating a flow of air top cause aerosol delivery of the drug.. An additional method including supplying at least two breakable packets each containing a portion of a pre-measured dose of the drug within a disposable cassette, opening the packets within the cassette and aerosol delivery of the single pre-measured dose of the drug.

Abstract: A forehead support (10) is disclosed that is adapted to be secured to a respiratory mask (16). The forehead support (10) including a joining member (14) for securing to the mask (16) and a cushion frame (12) pivotally mounted to the joining member (14). The cushion frame (12) is adapted to locate one or more forehead cushions (25). The cushion frame (12) is also adapted to pivot relative to the joining member (14). The cushion frame (12) is also selectively lockable at two or more predetermined angular positions relative to the joining member (14).

Abstract: Determining the placement of an endotracheal tube in a patient. The invention evaluates discontinuities in the medium surrounding the endotracheal tube, such as the airway, as a function of distance past an end of the endotracheal tube. Using a loudspeaker to generate sound waves, the sound waves propagate through a coiled wavetube, a connecting adapter, and an endotracheal tube, into the area of interest. With a processing system, reflected sound waves which return from the cavity back to a microphone within the wavetube are analyzed and an area-distance curve of the area in interest is constructed.

Abstract: The Invention relates to a tracheotomy cannula, comprising a pipe- or tube-shaped element for passing the cannula through a throat or trachea incision into the trachea of a patient whose upper airways are blocked, so as to supply said patient with air through the cannula. A shield is attached to the cannula which rests against the neck of the patient and in so doing determines the position of the cannula or of the end of the cannula in the trachea of the patient. To create a tracheotomy cannula having the above features which can be easily adjusted to fit the anatomical characteristics of a patient and requires no special effort regarding the stock-keeping and adjustment of the tracheotomy cannulas, the invention provides for the shield to be fixably attached to the cannula in various positions in the longitudinal direction of the cannula.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device that supports an individual's spine while the individual is in a forward bent position. The device includes a padded rest on which an individual could lean while working in a forward bent position and brackets for adjusting the angle, height, and position of the device. Since the individual leans against the rest, the stresses experienced in the lower, middle and upper back are substantially decreased. Reducing such stress decreases the pain experienced by the individual as well as extends his or her productive life.

Abstract: The method for treating glaucoma, consisting in that an osteoplastic trepanation in the frontal region above the affected eyeball, followed by effecting an extradural approach to the superior orbital wall. Next the aqueous humour is let to flow out by effecting a resection trepanation of the superior orbital wall in order to establish a contact between the edematous perieyeball fat and the dural surface.

Abstract: A percutaneous or transcutaneous connecting device, featuring at least one passage or a passage-free connection through the outer surface and in particular the skin of a living being, incorporates a permanent magnet (7) which is positioned in the area of the outer surface such as the skin (1, 3) with its poles essentially extending parallel thereto. In the case of a percutaneous connecting device, physical passages (9) are provided which extend through the outer surface of the living being, whereas in the case of a transcutaneous connecting device the transfer of electrical or electromagnetic signals and/or electrical energy takes place without physical passages, instead employing for instance coils.

Abstract: The distributor of a cigarette rod making machine employs a zig-zag sifter which receives a mixture of tobacco ribs and shreds from a reservoir by way of a duct or an elevator conveyor. The shreds leave the uppermost stage of the sifter and are conveyed, by a Coanda separator, into an upright gathering duct which discharges shreds for delivery onto the concave surface(s) of one or more guides serving to direct one or more streams of shreds against the underside(s) of one or more foraminous belt conveyors which advance the stream(s) past one or more trimming devices serving to remove the surplus and to thus convert each stream into a rod-like filler which is ready to be draped into a web of cigarette paper. The removed surplus is returned into the reservoir or directly into the zig-zag sifter.

Abstract: A composite cigar portable structure includes a cigar tube, an end cap, a connecting tube, an elastic plate, a retaining ring, a combination member, and a lighter. Thus, the composite cigar portable structure may contain a cigar tube for receiving the cigar, and a lighter for lighting the cigar. In addition, the cigar tube may be used individually to receive the cigar, and the lighter may also be used individually, thereby enhancing the versatility of the composite cigar portable structure.

Abstract: A cigarette has a tobacco section in which cut tobacco is wrapped with a cigarette wrapper, a filter section connected to one end of the tobacco section, and a tip paper integrally connecting the tobacco section to the filter section in a manner to cover the proximal end portion of the tobacco section and the filter section and provided with ventilation holes formed in a circumferential direction in positions apart from the smoking end of the filter section. The tobacco section has a rod length of 30 to 46 mm, and a cut tobacco filling density of 180 to 270 mg/cm3. The cigarette wrapper has a basis weight of 17 to 21 g/m2, a mixing ratio of a calcium carbonate filler of 16 to 25% by weight, and a calcium carbonate content of 3 g/m2 or more. The cigarette provides at least six puffs under a standard smoking condition.

Abstract: A brush for applying hair treatment liquid, such as coloring, to a person's hair and for preparing the hair beforehand comprising an elongated, thin, flat brush body carrying a wide array of bristles at one end and an elongated narrow pick at the opposite end which is a longitudinal extension of the brush body.

Abstract: A case for extruded powders comprising a surface having at least one groove with extruded powders disposed therein. The powders are preferably not all the same color. Preferably, forty percent or more of each extruded powder rises above the surface and preferably, the cross sectional shape of each groove matches the cross sectional shape of that part of the extruded powder that is disposed in the groove. Optional dividers separate the extruded powders so that they do not contact each other. Optional restraints inhibit the powders from coming out of the grooves. Also optional are an outer container into which the surface is disposed and a cover to protect the powders when not in use. the case may comprise other cosmetic elements such as an applicator, a mirror or a pan or pressed powder.

Abstract: A method of removing non-polar colorants of a color filter array rapidly from a bottom layer starts by performing a cracking process to decompose cross-linked polymeric molecules of non-polar R/G/B colorants to smaller fragments. A plasma cleaning process is performed to oxidize the cracked non-polar R/G/B colorants. Then, a solvent cleaning process is performed by using a non-polar solvent to remove the non-polar R/G/B colorants from the bottom layer.

Abstract: Wafer cleaning systems (10, 25) utilizing both chemical and physical action to clean integrated circuit wafers (14, 24) is disclosed. Chemical cleaning action is provided by liquid retained within a tank (2, 22), sized either to hold a single wafer (24) or a batch of wafers (14) held within a carrier (12). Physical action is provided in the wafer cleaning system either by way of inert gas bubbling through a baffle (5) or by way of ultrasonic energy applied by transducers (28) located in the tank (2, 22). The systems (10, 25) have a programmable controller (20, 30) for initiating the physical cleaning action after insertion of the wafers (14, 24) into the chemical bath, and for ceasing the physical action prior to removal of the wafers (14, 24). After a waiting time after the ceasing of the physical action, to calm the chemical bath and to permit any retained bubbles to escape to the atmosphere, the wafers (14, 24) may then be removed from the chemical bath, with reduced risk of staining and particle release.

Abstract: A high pressure car wash apparatus providing economy of both water and detergent by the recirculation of a portion of the water and detergent being utilized to a holding tank for reintroduction into the system.

Abstract: A back-surface cleaning system first removes contaminants such as copper that adhere to the back surface of a silicon wafer by means of a first cleaning with an acidic solution and then removes compounds that would be produced on the back surface of the silicon wafer while cleaning with the acidic solution by cleaning with pure water into which ozone has been mixed, whereby the back surface of a silicon wafer having integrated circuits formed of copper on its front surface can be effectively cleaned.

Abstract: A cleaning substrate for cleaning and regenerating a mold is disclosed. The mold is contaminated after repeatedly packaging the semiconductor device by making use of thermosetting resin. At least a protrusion of the substrate can substantially match with and be contained within the edges of the mold cavity of the mold when the cleaning substrate is placed in the mold.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions, pads, wipes, and implements provide effective cleaning of hard surfaces.

Abstract: An article of manufacture, a system, and a method for at least partially deionizing water, including but not limited to converting tap water into essentially deionized water that can be used for numerous purposes including, but not limited to cleaning and/or treating surfaces, including surfaces such as ceramic, steel, plastic, glass and/or painted surfaces such as the exterior surface of a vehicle, is disclosed.

Abstract: In one aspect, a dishwasher comprising a control mechanism coupled to a sensor for generating an output representative of whether sufficient water has flowed into the dishwasher during a fill operation is described. The dishwasher comprises a tub and a fluid circulation assembly for circulating water in the tub. The control mechanism is configured to determine whether terminate a current wash cycle based on a signal output by the sensor.

Abstract: The method according to the present invention enables to suppress damaging the reaction tubes and the wafer boat made of quarts, when cleaning the reaction vessel after the completion of film forming process for a polysilicon or titanium nitride film, thus the method reduces the running cost. After forming a polysilicon film on the semiconductor wafers, the empty wafer boat is placed in the reaction vessel. The interior atmosphere of the reaction vessel is maintained at temperatures in the range of 700 to 1000° C. A mixed gas prepared by diluting chlorine gas with nitrogen gas is supplied at a predetermined flow rate into the reaction vessel to remove the polysilicon film. A titanium nitride film can also be removed in the same manner.

Abstract: A washing machine adopting a clutch structure wherein a power switching motor for controlling a brake band and a clutch lever in multi-stage is separately applied from a drainage motor, such that various kinds of water currents can be embodied according to the multi-control of the power switching motor and a washing method adequate to needs of cloth protection and coping with varying cloths can be provided to thereby enable to protect damage of cloths in advance, the washing machine comprising: a spin-dry tub rotably disposed in a water tub and connected to a dram and a gear case via a power line; a pulsator rotably disposed in a spin-dry tub and connected to a driving shaft coupling and a driving shaft via power line; a brake band for braking and releasing the rotation of the drum; a clutch spring for disconnecting and connecting the power of the driving shaft coupling and the gear case; and power switching motor for controlling in multi-stage operations of clutch sprig and the brake band, the washing method