Abstract: The device for producing an overtone-rich, sporty exhaust sound of the exhaust system of a four-cylinder engine includes exhaust pipes with four manifold pipes, at least one front pipe and a tail pipe. The length and/or cross-section of at least one exhaust pipe differ from the length and/or cross-section of the other exhaust pipes. At least some of the exhaust pipes lead into a first, second and/or third collecting point.

Abstract: An elevator in which the sheave diameter is reduced and the attendant lowering of the rope life and strength is suppressed to secure safety and reliability. To this end, a rope is used in which a plurality of element wires constituting the wire rope are each covered with resin material and the whole wire rope is covered with resin material, thereby reducing the wear due to slippage between the element wires and the wear due to contact with the sheave, which wear occurs when the rope is entrained around the sheave. When the elevator sheave diameter is reduced, a worried lowering of the rope life can be suppressed or the rope life can be improved. Thus, it is possible to achieve reduction of size and weight of equipment including motors and hoists, installation space saving for elevators, improved safety and reliability of the system by virtue of the increased rope life.

Abstract: A flexible, waterproof flashing is described. The flashing contains a base layer containing at least one synthetic fiber layer and at least one metal layer; and an adhesive layer located above the base layer, wherein a portion of the adhesive layer is capable of contacting with a substrate.

Abstract: A lubricant injector having a measuring chamber, venting of the injector involving transmission of lubricant from its inlet to the measuring chamber, a method of operation of the injector involving such transmission, systems embodying one or more of such injectors, improving the performance of existing systems by use of one or more such injectors, an injector/connector assembly, and an injector sealing assembly.

Abstract: A method of and device for applying a liquid coating to the threads and only the bearing face of a threaded nut and the resulting coated nut are provided. The method includes providing a pumping mechanism that has a container containing the liquid lubricant and a pumping mechanism connected with the container. The pumping mechanism includes a liquid ejecting device having an actuatable delivery mechanism. A foraminous pad supports the face of a nut that is to have liquid lubricant applied thereto. A nut to be coated with the lubricant is placed on the foraminous pad and thereafter the delivery mechanism is actuated to eject liquid onto the threads and the foraminous pad to provide a nut which has coating on only the threads and on the bearing surface or face.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two- or multi-stage mast-hydraulic cylinder construction (4, 5) for a truck mast. The fixed mast assembly has its substantially vertical beams (4, 5) and its cylinder liners (29) provide an integrated structure (4, 5), wherein the cylinder liners (29) are constituted by channels integrated inside the beams (4, 5), said integrated structures having their centre of mass at the centre of the cylinder liner (29) or in the immediate vicinity thereof, that the integrated structure (4, 5) is capable of being manufactured by hot extrusion or cold drawing, and that the integrated structure (4, 5) is provided with one flange (13), one side of which comprises a bearing surface (16) and the opposite side comprises a support surface (17), said surfaces (16, 17) lying in a plane transverse to the operating direction of a truck, and with at least one second flange (19) for locating the centre of mass at the centre of the cylinder liner (29) or in the immediate vicinity thereof.

Abstract: Emergency current supply equipment (10) for lift installations with electric motor drives has the task of bridging over temporary drops or interruptions in main voltage and of supplying, in the event of failure of the mains supply during a lift travel, all components of the lift installation needed for an evacuation travel with energy until such time as the lift car has reached the level of a storey. The energy storage unit (11) used for that purpose comprises as the storage medium exclusively capacitors in the form of supercapacitors (13) or a combination of supercapacitors (13) and electrochemically acting batteries (14).

Abstract: Elevator installations with electric drive systems are equipped with devices (10) to reduce the power supply connection rating which have energy storage units (11) which are formed entirely or partly from so-called supercapacitors (13). The device (10) according to the invention has the effect on the one hand that power peaks during starting and braking operations are compensated by the exchange of energy between the storage unit (11) and motor supply, and on the other hand that the power consumption occurring during a trip is also spread over a part of the at-rest time. Supercapacitors (13) as energy stores tolerate by comparison with electrochemically acting accumulators a much higher number of charging and discharging cycles at high values of current.

Abstract: An elevator system includes power line carrier (PLC) interfaces associated with each hallway fixture. The hallway fixtures thus do not need separate control wiring in addition to their power lines. An interface box at the system controller converts the PLC signals to a format understood by the system controller. Communications between an elevator car and the system controller can also be passed in PLC format over the car's power cables.

Abstract: The floating caliper of a disk brake has three bridge arms, which extend over the brake disk, wherein one of the bridge arms, preferably the middle arm (34), is bifurcated into two branches (34a, 34b).

Abstract: A binding arrangement and a process for the control of a binding arrangement is described that includes a binding material delivery arrangement, a cutting arrangement and a braking arrangement for the binding material, where the brake can be controlled and generates a variable braking force. To improve the binding process for harvested crop, brakes for the binding material are applied with which a binding material tension is generated or is increased to cause the binding material to be retarded during the binding process in opposition to the flow of the binding material. The brakes are controlled such that only a low binding material tension is caused at the beginning of the binding process to increase the tension to as large a value as possible during the continuing binding process and to reduce the tension upstream of the cutting arrangement again at the end of the binding process.

Abstract: A dual leading-shoe drum brake system includes two actuating levers that engage brake shoes. The levers are located between upper and lower anchors, with the bottoms of the actuating levers engaging the lower anchor as a fulcrum. A hydraulic cylinder is arranged to engage the upper ends of the levers to force them apart during braking. A brake shoe is positioned adjacent each lever so that the shoes are forced outward with the levers. The brake shoes selectively engage the upper and lower anchors during braking to receive the braking forces depending on the direction of rotation of the brake drum. The levers preferably float with respect to the backing plate, and the shoes are connected to the lever to float with them. A parking brake lever is arranged to engage an automatic adjusting link to provide dual leading-shoe operation during braking also.

Abstract: A spring-loaded piston is produced from plastic, particularly by injection molding. The spring-loaded piston is developed in the area of a connection to a piston or piston rod such that tilting of the spring-loaded piston with respect to the piston rod is prevented and a sufficiently firm connection is ensured. In addition, the spring-loaded piston 1 may include a reinforcing insert by which clearly higher forces can be transmitted while maintaining smaller wall thicknesses than in conventional spring-loaded pistons. Also, the seat or contact surface in the spring-loaded piston is constructed for supporting the preloaded spring such that possibly occurring radial forces do not have any negative influence on the functionality of the spring-loaded piston.

Abstract: In a brake disc rotor 1, at least a road wheel mounting plane 6 is covered with a rust preventive coating 8 of rust preventive paint. The rust preventive paint is water-borne acrylic-denatured epoxy resin paint containing aluminum zinc phosphomolybdate as a rust preventive pigment, and is applied in such a manner that the coating 8 attains a thickness t of 1 to 20 &mgr;m, preferably 5 to 15 &mgr;m.

Abstract: In a cast-iron disc brake rotor (1), each of an outer sliding surface (2a) and an inner sliding surface (3a) is covered with a phosphate coating (8) by electrolysis of a phosphate coating solution containing therein phosphate ions, zinc ions and nitrate ions. This makes it possible to attain dramatically improved rust preventive performance for the sliding surfaces (2a) and (3a). The phosphate coating (8) has a thickness of 1 to 10 &mgr;m, a mass of 4 to 35 g/m2 and a grain size of less than 50 &mgr;m. Preferably, the thickness of the phosphate coating (8) is adjusted to 2 to 8 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A damping device for movable furniture parts, such as doors or drawers, includes a cylinder filled with a free-flowing medium which is compressed by a piston which has a spring applied to it in its extended position. In order to provide a damping device of this type of smaller length, the cylinder includes a telescopic cylinder having at least two stages. A pressure spring is clamped between the bottom of the outer cylinder of the last stage and the piston of the first stage.

Abstract: A lockup device 1 is disposed inside a fluid chamber between a front cover 3 and a turbine 4 and provided with a clutch-purpose friction plate 12, a pair of drive the plates 13 and 14, a driven plate 15, and coil springs 16. The friction plate 12 can be coupled with the front cover 3. An extended part 18 extends from one of the plates 13 and 14 toward the other and engages with the inside circumferential edge of the friction plate 12 such that the friction plate cannot rotate but can move in the axial direction relative to the extended part. The driven plate 15 is fixed to the turbine 4. The coil springs 16 are compressed between pair of drive the plates 13 and 14 and the driven plate 15 when the pair of drive plates and the driven plate rotate relative to each other.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic clutch device comprises an impeller wheel with a plurality of impeller wheel blades arranged successively in circumferential direction about an axis of rotation, a turbine wheel which is located axially opposite the impeller wheel and which has a plurality of turbine wheel blades arranged successively in circumferential direction, a stator wheel with a plurality of stator wheel blades which are arranged successively in circumferential direction in an area between the impeller wheel blades and the turbine wheel blades and are supported on a blade carrier. The stator wheel blades, the impeller wheel blades and the turbine wheel blades define a fluid circulation zone extending substantially annularly about the axis of rotation. A torsional vibration damper arrangement has a damper element arrangement which, at least in some areas, is arranged radially inside the fluid circulation zone and overlaps axially with the fluid circulation zone.

Abstract: A multi-directional coupling includes a housing which incorporates a first bearing surface, a race which incorporates a second bearing surface opposite the first bearing surface, a plurality of roller elements, and an alignment cage. The first bearing surface and the second bearing surface together define a channel therebetween for receiving the roller elements. The first bearing surface includes at least one recessed bearing surface portion which is configured for receiving one of the roller elements therein for coupling the housing with the race as the one roller element moves relative to the housing. The alignment cage is disposed within the channel for controlling the spacing between the roller elements. The multi-directional coupling also includes a mode controller coupled to the alignment cage for controlling the relative movement of the one roller element so as to alter the coupling mode of the coupling.

Abstract: The epicyclic train is able to operate as a speed reducing gear when sun-wheel (5) is stuck by a one-way clutch (8), and in direct drive when clutch (10) is engaged. The whole coupling and control structure for the ratio change is essentially grouped on the sun-wheel element (5) which is slidingly movable and integral with an inverter control means (111) which engages brake (9) when disengaging clutch (10), and conversely. The brake (9) is mounted mechanically in parallel with a one way clutch (8), and allows speed reducing operation when the torque applied to the input shaft (31) is a retarding torque. The one-way clutch is mounted in parallel with an axially unslidable bearing (54) between a stator shaft (21) and a support (51) coupled for common rotation with and mutual slidability with respect to the sun-wheel element (5). For actuation of the control member (111) there is provide an hydraulic actuator (116), spring (114), and involvement of the helical teeth axial thrust (F1, F2).

Abstract: A bi-directional overrunning clutch for transmitting torque to segments of a primary drive axle. The clutch includes an input gear, a clutch housing, and hubs extending out of the housing that attach to the segments. A roll cage is located within the housing and has rollers arranged in two sets, each set located adjacent to a hub. The rollers wedge between the hubs and first tapered portions on the clutch housing when the roll cage is rotated in a first direction relative to the housing (forward-engagement position), and between the hubs and second tapered portions on the clutch housing when the roll cage is rotated in a second direction relative to the housing. A friction member contacts the roll cage to engage the roll cage to the hub to wedge the rolls between the hubs and the clutch housing.

Abstract: Synchronizing device in a motor vehicle gearbox, comprising a synchronizer hub (1), an engaging sleeve (2) non-rotatably but axially displaceably mounted on the hub, an outer and an inner synchronizing ring (8a, 13) on one side of the hub and a single synchronizing ring (8b) on the other side of the hub. The engaging sleeve has first, and second groups of internal teeth (4a, 4b), each group being divided into three sets of teeth and each set in one group adjoining a set in the other group. The outer synchronizing ring has three sets of blocker teeth (9a) facing the engaging sleeve teeth (4a) of the sets of the first group and lacks teeth in intermediate areas (19a), while said single synchronizing ring (8b) has three sets of blocker teeth (9b) facing the engaging sleeve teeth (4b) of the sets of the second group and lack teeth in intermediate areas (19b).

Abstract: The invention is based on a device for actuating a clutch (10), in particular for motor-vehicle drives, having an electronically controllable clutch servo unit (16) that comprises an electric motor (18, 52) and a reduction actuator gear (20) having two gear elements arranged coaxially in relation to each other (28, 38, 62 and/or 68, 82 and/or 96, 98) that are interconnected with each other in terms of propulsion via a thread (84, 86, 88) and that are displaced axially in relation to each other when they rotate relative to one another, whereby one of the gear elements (38, 68, 96) is immobilized axially in a housing (22, 58) of the clutch servo unit, and the actuating motion of the other gear element (28, 62, 82, 98) is transferred to a throwout bearing (42) of a clutch disk.

Abstract: At least one first friction member is connected with a fluid-filled housing to rotate jointly therewith, and at least one second friction member connected with a driven member so as to rotate jointly therewith. The friction members can be pressed against one another when at least one pressing member is acted upon by fluid. A pressure storage arrangement associated with the at least one pressing member can be brought into a pressure storage state when the at least one pressing member is acted upon by pressure fluid and acts upon the pressing member with the stored pressure.

Abstract: The clutch of a beach buggy is mainly provided with a friction enduring resilient annular member closely positioned between an actuating member and the outer cover of the clutch. Thus, when the engine of a beach buggy is started, the actuating member will be driven to rotate and the outer cover will be activated to rotate slowly by the pressing frictional force produced by the resilient annular member and the actuating member. At the same, a shift gear connected to the outer cover will also rotate slowly, capable to increase the probability and speed of engagement between one of the transmission gears and the shifting gear before accelerating and accordingly prevent a beach buggy from rushing abruptly.

Abstract: A clutch safety switch of a power chainsaw includes a safety member slidably connected to the casing and a trigger which is not able to be squeezed when the safety member is not slid away. A gear connected to the power source has engaging recesses and a clutch device member is rotatably mounted to an output shaft which is independent from the gear. A link is connected between the safety member and a plate connected to the clutch member which is rotated to engage the output shaft with the gear by sliding the safety member. A lever is connected to the plate which is pivoted by pushing the lever to allow the link to move in a horizontal portion of an L-shaped slot in the plate to make the safety member be pushed back to disengage the clutch device from the gear to release the connection.

Abstract: A compact drive unit for actuating parking brakes is provided The drive unit has a reduction gear that is formed by a two-stage belt drive, in combination with a drive motor that is made up of a brushless direct current motor The two-stage belt drive preferably consists of two toothed belt drives functionally arranged in series; the direct current motor preferably has an external rotor with a rare-earth magnetic ring.

Abstract: A stand is provided for supporting at least one gaming device having a bottom through which coins may be released. The stand has a pair of sides, a pair of ends, a bottom and a top which generally define an interior area. The interior area is divided into at least two compartments, one compartment comprising a drawer area and the other comprising a coin compartment. A drawer is moveably positioned in the drawer area. One or more openings are provided through the top for allowing coins released from the gaming machine to be directed into the coin compartment. In one embodiment, the stand is configured to accept two pairs of gaming machines facing in opposing directions and includes a pair of drawers at each end and a centrally located coin compartment and electrical area. In another embodiment, the stand is configured to support two gaming machines and includes a drawer at each end.

Abstract: The proposed installation comprises a plurality of carriages which pass in succession from a product loading station (3) to a product unloading station (15) in succession via an inlet lock (10), a sterilizing tunnel (11), a transfer lock (12), a cooling tunnel (13), and an outlet lock (14). The superheated water of the sterilizing tunnel (11) and the cooling water of the cooling tunnel (13) are maintained at a pressure P1 greater than the pressure that exists inside the packages contained in the carriages during sterilization. The sterilizing tunnel (11) and the cooling tunnel (13) preferably constitute an assembly having an even number of superposed segments, with the carriages being caused to travel along the tunnels by linear magnetic couplers. The installation is adapted to sterilizing products contained in flexible packages.

Abstract: A bristle cleaner station for a conveyorized sheet material cutting machine includes a plurality of air jets that direct pressurized air between downwardly extending bristles of a bristle bed to dislodge debris; and a vacuum chamber adjacent to the bristles to draw away the dislodged debris. The preferred embodiment uses air needles that extend into downward extending bristles to riffle or bend the bristles, making an enlarged space between them. The air needles direct pressurized air into the enlarged space to dislodge debris, and an upwardly open vacuum channel adjacent to the air needles and bristles collects the dislodged debris. A method to clean bristle beds is also disclosed whereby pressurized air is directed between the bristles and vacuum draws away dislodged debris.

Abstract: A conveyor with flexible zone parameter control. A flexible zone conveyor includes a zone address interface coupled to a plurality of motors to configure at least one zone control unit or control zone to control a designated series of motors along a conveyor path to provide a flexible control zone adaptable for different applications. Control parameters for the control zone can be user inputted or automatically defined for flexible operating control.

Abstract: A magnetic sample rack adapted to support liquid containers is urged along a surface by means of a magnetic conveyor system located beneath the surface. The magnetic conveyor system comprises a plurality of magnetic housings driven by a belt, the magnetic housings including a magnet slideably contained in a closed upper cavity. Magnetic forces emanating from the magnet overcome frictional resistive forces between the sample racks and the operating surface and move the sample racks along input and output lanes defined in the operating surface. Abrupt movements of the sample racks are eliminated because the housing magnet slides smoothly towards the sample rack, secures the sample rack, and pulls the rack along the operating surface as the housings are moved at a steady rate by the belt.

Abstract: There is provided a power transmission system which is capable of positively preventing a feeling of inertia travel from being caused by torque transmission interruption which conventionally occurred when a dog clutch is engaged in shifting the speed position of a transmission, without increasing the axial length of a transmission, thereby improving the speed position-shifting performance of the transmission. The transmission of the power transmission system includes a plurality of gear pairs for three or more speed positions, formed by input gears arranged on an input shaft, and output gears arranged on an output shaft, respectively, and synchromeshes of a dog clutch type for connecting the plurality of gear pairs to the input shaft or the output shaft.

Abstract: A sprocket drive system for a modular conveyor belt that compensates for drive-shaft twist under load. The drive system includes a plurality of belt drive surfaces spaced apart across the width of the underside of each row of a modular conveyor belt. A drive shaft supports a group of sprockets at spaced-apart locations. Sprocket drive surfaces are spaced apart circumferentially around the peripheries of the sprockets and arranged in rows across the sprocket to engage corresponding belt drive surfaces in the belt rows. The belt is wrapped around the sprockets on the drive shaft. The engagement of the sprocket drive surfaces with the belt drive surfaces drives the belt. Either the sprocket drive surfaces or the belt drive surfaces, or both, in each row are arranged in an out-of-phase relationship with each other when the conveyor belt is at no load. Once the conveyor belt is operating at load and the shaft twists, the drive surfaces assume an in-phase relationship for improved belt driving and tracking.

Abstract: A cam-operated timer for a household appliance has a variety of improvements. An audible and tactile feedback member engages a textured surface on the cam wheel, to produce desired audible and tactile feedback when the timer is manually set. When the timer is manually set, the cam-actuated switches are moved away from the cam surfaces, and a clutch is opened to permit bi-directional slip between the cam wheel and motor, so that the sole source of audible and tactile feedback is the audible and tactile feedback member. The timer also features lanced switch arm contacts, that provide a sharp contact edge to permit the switch arms to make good contact with adjacent switch arms. The switch arms are mounted in a stack of wafers, where each wafer may have switch arms of differing thickness or metal, allowing high current and low current switches to be mixed. Features in the housing are used to receive and locate the wafers to prevent inaccuracies in wafer thickness from accumulating through the stack of wafers.

Abstract: The panel switch disclosed in this invention implements a good dust-proof property due to the configuration of:

Abstract: An apparatus for housing and securing a switch operating mechanism. The switch mechanism housing includes a housing member with an integral pivot bushing, a housing cover, an operating mechanism including a push rod assembly, a rotor cam, and mechanism shaft. The operating mechanism is installed and fixed in the housing member. The housing member holds captive the operating mechanism without requiring that the housing cover be in place, thereby facilitating fabrication and assembly.

Abstract: A wallbox dimmer switch includes an actuator mounting frame having a platform portion that is receivable in a rectangular wallplate opening having standard toggle-type dimensions. The dimmer switch includes a pushbutton actuator for a switch and an adjacently located dimmer actuator that extend substantially parallel to a first side of the platform portion. The pushbutton actuator includes a user-engageable portion having an outer surface of which at least the end portions are defined by a portion of a substantially prolate spheroid for minimization of undesirable coupling between the adjacent actuators during actuation by a user. The switch may also include an actuator for an airgap switch extending through the platform portion and an array of indicator lights that are displayed through openings extending to an actuator-presentation surface of the platform portion.

Abstract: A key switch includes a keycap, an upper cover, a lower cover, a connecting device and a heat dissipating device. The upper cover is disposed under the keycap. The lower cover is disposed under the upper cover. The connecting device is connected between the keycap and the upper cover for moveably connecting the keycap above the upper cover. The heat dissipating device includes a container and a piston. A sidewall of the container includes at least a first opening and at least a second opening formed between the upper cover and the lower cover for dissipating heat between the upper cover and the lower cover.

Abstract: An apparatus including a coke drum for coking hydrocarbon substances, a valve disposed near the bottom of the coke drum, and a discharge conduit for removing coke from the coke drum, wherein the discharge conduit is connected to the valve such that when the valve is open, the coke may be removed via the discharge conduit.

Abstract: A distillation system (10) is provided for recovering water from sea water and other polluted water source. The system (10) has a heat engine (12) embodying Carnot cycle and a Rankine cycle formed by heat exchangers (16 and 24), flash evaporator (26) and condenser (32). Burnt gases from the engine (12) such as a jet engine no longer fit for flying are directed into a duct (14) where the exchangers (16) and (24) are located. Sea water is pumped into the heat exchanger (24) for preheating by residue heat in the duct (14) and then into the exchanger (16) for further heating. A recirculating pump (20) raises water pressure in the exchanger (16) for increasing boiling point to about 165° C. The heated water is fed into the evaporator (26) where it changes into vapour and the condensed into water by the condenser (32). The jet air stream is used to create Venturi effect for maintaining sub-atmospheric pressure in the evaporator (26). Any solid left in the evaporator (26) is removed by a transfer mechanism (50).

Abstract: A process for fractionating an amine-containing mixture which comprises one or more amines, water, low-boilers and optionally high-boilers, having the steps (i) to (v):

Abstract: A process for fractionating an amine-containing mixture which comprises one or more amines, water, low-boilers and high-boilers, having the steps (i) to (iv):

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating condensates containing compounds, which are more volatile than water, in an evaporation plant, where liquid, such as effluent liquid from a pulp or paper mill is evaporated in multiple effects and where condensates generated in the evaporation are flashed and purified in a steam stripping column. In the method, the condensates from at least two evaporation effects are combined and flashed together, and the vapor obtained from the flashing is made to contact with a condensate stream to be purified in the stripping column, wherefrom the impurities-containing vapor and the purified condensate stream are discharged.

Abstract: There is provided a method of treating a substance to be degraded comprising the steps of: degrading the substance to produce a degraded product; contacting the product obtained in the degrading step with a liquid; and entrapping a component of the product not trapped by the liquid in a medium by contacting the component with the medium. Also, the apparatus for conducting the method is provided.

Abstract: A method for processing substances to be degraded is provided. The method includes a decomposing step in which a mixed gas containing chlorine and the substances to be degraded is irradiated with light to decompose the substances to be degraded, a contact step in which gas generated through the decomposing step is contacted with an alkaline solution to trap chlorine contained in the gas generated through the decomposing step in the alkaline solution, and a reusing step in which the alkaline solution containing the chlorine as a source of generating the chlorine is used again in the decomposing step.

Abstract: A method for increasing and/or modulating the yield shear stress of an electrorheological fluid includes applying a sufficient electric field to the fluid to cause the formation of chains of particles, and then applying a sufficient pressure to the fluid to cause thickening or aggregation of the chains. An apparatus for increasing and/or modulating the transfer or force or torque between two working structures includes an electrorheological fluid and electrodes through which an electric field is applied to the fluid such that particles chains of particles are formed in the fluid and, upon application of pressure to the fluid, the chains thicken or aggregate and improve the force or torque transmission.

Abstract: We have discovered a method of providing a thin approximately from about 20 Å to about 100 Å thick TaN seed layer, which can be used to induce the formation of alpha tantalum when tantalum is deposited over the TaN seed layer. Further, the TaN seed layer exhibits low resistivity, in the range of 30 &mgr;&OHgr;cm and can be used as a low resistivity barrier layer in the absence of an alpha tantalum layer. In one embodiment of the method, a TaN film is altered on its surface form the TaN seed layer. In another embodiment of the method, a Ta film is altered on its surface to form the TaN seed layer.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide electrical contacts to a workpiece to facilitate electrotreating processes, including electroplating and electroetching processes are presented.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell comprises a housing (12) receiving a plurality of parallel electrodes (21) separated by guides to define a plurality of passageways (28) through which an electrolyte solution is flowed from an inlet (29) end to an outlet (23) end, the solution being subjected to electrolysis by applying an electrical potential between electrodes (21). At the inlet and outlet ends, spaced wall means (18) engage with the electrodes (21) to extend the electrolyte passageways (28) and confine electrolyte to the respective passageways (28) whereby a short circuit through the electrolyte between electrodes is avoided.