Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for analyzing a fluid used in a machine or in an industrial process line. The apparatus has at least one meter placed proximate the machine or process line and in contact with the machine or process fluid for measuring at least one parameter related to the fluid. The at least one parameter is a standard laboratory analysis parameter. The at least one meter includes but is not limited to viscometer, element meter, optical meter, particulate meter, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus of a component contained in test water according to the invention can prevent a test water feed nozzle from clogging up and smoothly feed air into a combustion furnace, and further, can accurately measure in a short time carbon dioxide gas obtained from the complete combustion of an inorganic substance contained in test water. In a test water dropping unit 20 of the measuring apparatus 10, a test water dropping nozzle 21 for dropping test water into a combustion furnace 30 is provided at a top of the combustion furnace 30, and a protective pipe 23 in which this test water dropping nozzle 21 is accommodated is disposed outside the test water dropping nozzle 21. The bottom end 23a of the protective pipe 23 is extended downward from the test water dropping nozzle 21 and is formed at an acute angle, and the tip 21a of the test water dropping nozzle 21 is disposed in abutment with the inner circumferential surface 24 of the protective pipe 23.

Abstract: An optical-chemical sensor which is suitable for the continuous and discontinuous determination by luminescence optics of the concentration of chloride in an aqueous sample and which comprises a luminescence indicator (I) and a polymer (H) carrying the luminescence indicator (I) is characterized in that the luminescence indicator (I) is a non-lipophile acridine or bisacridine compound and the polymer (H) is a linear-chain hydrophile polymer soluble in an organic solvent, whereby it is possible to excite the sensor by commercially available LEDs, to manufacture very large numbers thereof at a moderate cost and in a reproducible way and, preferably, to use it for the determination of physiological chloride concentrations and the sensor furthermore has a wide dynamic measuring range for the determination of chloride; a high sensitivity, stability and reproducibility; a high selectivity for chloride; and a low pH cross-sensitivity.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining the amount of surface discontinuity on the interior surface of a pipeline that could result, for example, from corrosion or from dirt and crud buildup. As dirt and other collateral material collect along an interior pipeline wall, or as the pipeline wall corrodes, the flow profile for the gas flow traveling through the pipeline changes. By measuring the ratio of the flow velocity near the interior of the pipeline to that near the perimeter of the pipeline over time, the relative roughness of the inner pipeline surface can be determined.

Abstract: The device according to the invention relates to a device for detecting a risk of aquaplaning which arises during the driving mode of a vehicle. The device contains for this purpose first means which determine a first propulsion variable which describes the propulsion of the vehicle which is to be expected on the basis of the operating state of the engine and/or of the drive train. In addition the device contains second means which determine a second propulsion variable which describes the propulsion occurring during the driving mode of the vehicle and which arises due to the longitudinal acceleration acting on the vehicle. The presence of the risk of aquaplaning is inferred as a function of a deviation between the first propulsion variable and the second propulsion variable.

Abstract: A logging-while-drilling density sensor includes a gamma ray source and at least two NaI detectors spaced apart from the source for determining measurements indicative of the formation density. A magnetometer on the drill collar measures the relative azimuth of the NaI detectors. An acoustic caliper is used for making standoff measurements of the NaI detectors. Measurements made by the detectors are partitioned into spatial bins defined by standoff and azimuth. Within each azimuthal sector, the density measurements are compensated for standoff to provide a single density measurement for the sector. The azimuthal sectors are combined in such a way as to provide a compensated azimuthal geosteering density. The method of the invention may also be used with neutron porosity logging devices.

Abstract: To offer a mass airflow measuring apparatus in which the effect of the adhesion onto the heating resistor caused while the engine is off is reduced and the measuring accuracy is improved. The apparatus measures the mass airflow of the air sucked into the internal combustion engine, using the heating resistor 1. The power control circuit 4 maintains the heating resistor 1 temperature equal to or higher than the temperature during the operation of the internal combustion engine after the internal combustion engine has stopped and until the temperature of the internal combustion engine and its apparatuses installed in the suction system has lowered below the generation temperature of volatile gas such as oil vapor.

Abstract: A flowmeter which clamps around and seals to a pipe with probes projecting into the pipe through holes in the pipe, the useful separation of the probes being achieved by their entering the pipe through separate holes.

Abstract: A flow rate signal analog-digital conversion circuit 30, an adjustment processing circuit 40 and a chip temperature sensor circuit 60 are disposed a single semiconductor chip 100 to form an integrated circuit, and a chip temperature signal in a form of digital signal outputted from the chip temperature sensor circuit 60 is inputted into the adjustment processing circuit 40 in which correction reducing temperature dependent error in a series of signal processing circuits is performed. Thereby, a board temperature dependent error in a gas flow rate measuring device can be reduced in which adjustment is performed for digital signals.

Abstract: In a flow rate sensor, a sensing passage, into which a fluid is introduced and in which a flow rate sensing element is disposed, a support member for supporting the sensing passage, and a circuit case, in which an electronic circuit unit for controlling the flow rate sensing element is accommodated, are formed integrally with each other, and the support member extends into a main passage through a hole opened to the main passage so as to position the sensing passage in the main passage. A structural member, the outside shape of which is formed to have a fluid resistance approximately similar to that of the portion of the support member extending from the hole, is disposed at a position approximately symmetrical with the portion of the support member extending from the hole about the sensing passage.

Abstract: A liquid level measuring device for measuring the level of liquid in a storage or dispensing tank has an elongated tubular hollow body that carries a threaded coupler adapted for engaging a threaded nipple on top of the tank. A buoyant float is attached to a lower portion of the elongated body. The body slides in relation to the coupler while the coupler remains stationary in relation to the tank. As the liquid is dispensed from the tank, the buoyant float that was positioned on the surface of the liquid in the tank, lowers in relation to the tank, moving the elongated body into the tank. Measuring indicia placed en the exterior surface of the elongated body allows visual observation of the changing level of liquid in the tank.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamically balancing a rotating system or rotating device utilizing data collection and correlation techniques to extract balance measures from sensor data is disclosed. Sensor data from the rotating system, containing information indicative of the dynamics of the rotating system, are filtered and sampled. A select time span of sampled data, adjusted upward to a nearest number of full revolutions of the rotating system, which is of sufficient size to extract balance measures, is collected. Data may be collected as a fixed number of samples per revolution, independent of a rotational speed, so as to simplify later computation. Several unique select time spans may be used for different ranges of rotational speeds so as to maintain the amount of data to be processed while still serving its original purpose. Window function may be applied to modify sampled data in the select time span so as to improve extraction performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring a rotor imbalance. Said device comprises a main shaft which is rotatably mounted in a machine housing and to which the rotor to be measured is fixed, a single-phase alternating-current motor for driving the main shaft, with a single-phase winding (4) and an auxiliary winding (5) which is offset in phase for driving the main shaft (1) up to measurement speed and a control device (17) that adjusts the current of the motor. Said control device (17) has an assembly (8, 6; 7; 20; 22, 23) which reduces the supply current delivered to the two windings (4, 5) of the motor (3; 21) once the measurement speed has been reached, in such a way that the motor creates a reduced torque which substantially compensates a speed drop produced by friction and drag.

Abstract: A micro-gyroscope having electronic alignment by performing an electronic coordinate transformation on control voltages (VTx, VTy) through an attenuator network thereby canceling first and second harmonic signals from the output (Vthx, Vthy). The micro-gyroscope is tuned by automatic electronic compensation based on quadrature error that is applied to correct for variations in the gyroscope.

Abstract: A vibrating structure, including at least two oscillators (1, 2) vibrating in a direction of oscillation (XOX) included in a plane (XOX-YOY), a rigid support (8, 9, 10, 11) of the oscillators and oscillator coupling means able to couple their vibratory movements, these means being connected, on the one hand to the rigid support and on the other hand to the oscillators, each oscillator comprising at least one mass (3) and at least one flexible arm connecting the mass to the coupling means, characterised in that said coupling means. comprise flexible attachment means (19, 20) associated with at least one flexible arm (4) of each oscillator by at least one point of attachment, making at said point of attachment a pivot.

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope includes a vibrator which is retained by supporting members at one end of the supporting members and a housing to which the supporting members are fixed at the other end of the supporting members. A rigid reinforcing plate made of a metal is embedded in the housing made of a resin by insert molding. The rigid reinforcing plate is continuous between positions near fixing portions at which the supporting members are fixed to the housing. Therefore, the rigidity of the housing is increased and the vibration of the vibrator is prevented from being transmitted to the outside. In addition, the temperature drift performance is prevented from being degraded.

Abstract: A semiconductor dynamic quantity sensor includes a semiconductor substrate that includes a movable electrode, a pair of first fixed electrodes, and a pair of second fixed electrodes. The first and second pairs of first detection capacitances and the first and second pairs of second detection capacitances are formed by the electrodes. The dynamic quantity related to the force applied to the sensor is measured on the basis of the sum of the differential output between the first pair of the first detection capacitances, the differential output between the second pair of the first detection capacitances, the differential output between the first pair of the second detection capacitances, and the differential output between the second pair of the second detection capacitances, when the movable electrode moves along the first direction or the second direction under the force. The sum includes a relatively small amount of noises.

Abstract: The invention creates a micromechanical component, in particular an acceleration sensor, having a flexible spring device (F1, F2, F3) for the spring mounting of a mass (3) over a substrate (4), the flexible spring device (F1, F2, F3) being on the one hand connected with the mass (3) and being on the other hand anchored in the substrate (4).

Abstract: The invention provides devices and methods for acoustically assessing the contents in a plurality of reservoirs. Each reservoir has a portion adapted to contain a fluid, and an acoustic radiation generator is positioned in acoustic coupling relationship to each of the reservoirs. Acoustic radiation generated by the acoustic radiation generator is transmitted through at least the portion of each reservoir to an analyzer. The analyzer is capable of analyzing a characteristic of the transmitted acoustic radiation and optionally correlating the characteristic to a property of the reservoirs' contents. The invention is particularly suited for assessing the contents of a plurality of reservoirs to allow for accuracy and control over the dispensing of fluids therefrom.

Abstract: An acoustic microscope is disclosed having an acoustic lens formed of fused metal and glass. A high speed analogue to digital converter and a pulse generator/receiver are also disclosed. Automated V(z) curve measurement produces quantitative elastic properties of the specimen. (C) and (B) scans are sliced and a simulated three-dimensional image is formed therefrom.

Abstract: An ultrasonic pipe or other structure assessment system includes an ultrasonic transducer positioned proximate the pipe or other structure. A fluid connection between the ultrasonic transducer and the pipe or other structure is produced. The ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the pipe or other structure.

Abstract: A measurement head particularly for borehole use can measure multiple parameters with no electronics in the head and only a single conductor cable. Double-ended tuning forks (26, 28 and 38, 40) in the head are arranged to respond to different parameters such as temperature and pressure by adjusting their resonant frequencies. A drive signal on the conductor (50) is applied to transducers (30, 32, 42, 44) on all the tuning forks and those whose instantaneous resonant frequency is close will resonate. The signal is removed and the transducers return a decaying signal at the resonant frequency along the conductor. Other drive frequencies are tried, to locate the other sensors whose frequency ranges are separate.

Abstract: The pressure gauge spring is a responsive and easy to manufacture gauge for connection to a pressure source. The spring assembly comprises a coiled hollow tube having a first end and a second end with a body portion therebetween, the hollow tube adapted to produce a displacement of the second end in response to a change in said pressure source to which said first end is connected. The second end of the body portion is sealed. The body portion of the spring assembly has a first longitudinal portion and a second longitudinal portion extending from proximate to said first longitudinal portion to said second end and substantially uniformly compressed along the second longitudinal portion to reduce volume thereby. A transition area is disposed between said first end and said first longitudinal portion of said hollow tube, and is compressed so as to form a continuous longitudinally extending ridge along said transition area.

Abstract: An output device for a pressure transducer incorporates a cable connector and an electronic display. Both may be selectably positioned relative to the pressure transducer. In one aspect of the invention, the electronic display is rotatable around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the display. In another aspect of the invention, the cable connector is positioned by adjusting the connection of the output device relative to the pressure transducer. In some embodiments, the adjustability of the output device is provided through a bayonet connection between the output device and the pressure transducer. The adjustments to position of the display and of the cable connector may be performed without the use of tools. An output device constructed in accordance with the present invention may be field-configured in a multitude of ways, largely eliminating the need for the preselection of particular output devices for particular installations.

Abstract: Surgical tubing 62 for carrying fluids to or from a surgical site. Tubing 62 also includes a pair of electrodes 64 positioned within the tubing. In operation, the electrodes are exposed to the fluids being carried to or from the surgical site so that the electrodes are electrically connectable to a flow meter 34 for indicating a flow rate of the fluids through the tubing.

Abstract: A collection reservoir 54 includes a rigid-walled cassette adapted for connection to aspiration tubing 50. The cassette also includes a pair of electrodes 36 positioned so that the electrodes are electrically connectable to a flow meter 34. In operation, the electrodes are exposed to the fluid and tissue being aspirated from the surgical site so that the flow meter indicates a flow rate of the fluid and tissue from the surgical site.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring respiratory gas flow, which provides a high accuracy in measurement of the respiratory gas flow and reduces the manufacturing cost of the apparatus, in comparison with the conventional disposable apparatus for measuring respiratory gas. The apparatus includes a measurement module and a respiratory tube assembly. The respiratory tube assembly comprise a cylindrical tube body and a sensing rod inserted through the cylindrical tube body. The sensing rod is shaped like the number “1” and has a plurality of sampling pores and two air passages. Locations of the sampling pores are determined by equal area division method in which a circular section of the cylindrical tube body is divided into a plurality of annuluses with equal areas and the sampling pores are formed at the positions also equally dividing the annuluses to which the sampling pores belong.

Abstract: Force detection devices may have high detection precision and may prevent current leakage through a strain gage 126 to the outside. For example, a force detection block 120 may include a semiconductor substrate 122, a first insulating layer 124 and a semiconductor layer 126 (strain gage). The strain gage 126 preferably includes a site where resistance changes in accordance with the stress acting thereon. The strain gage 126 preferably constitutes at least a portion of a ridge 130 projects from the surface of the force detection block 120. A force transmission block 138 may be attached to a top surface of the ridge 130. The width of the first insulating layer 124 is preferably greater than the width of the semiconductor layer 126.

Abstract: An apparatus capable of characterizing the fluid content of chemicals in a reaction line comprises a rheometer. The apparatus can be connected to or included in a reaction flow stream, and has a retractable wall 26 that opens to provide an opening 28 that permits a portion of the reaction flow steam to enter into sampling chamber 12. The sample is isolated from the flow stream and rheometric data is obtained from the sample. In the method of the invention, data on the sample is collected and transferred to a computer. The computer is used to analyze the data, and optionally can be used to control reaction parameters in the reaction flow stream.

Abstract: A headspace gas sampling and venting method utilizes a vent port and a sampling port which are punched through the lid of a drum containing hazardous materials, such as transuranic waste. In accordance with the system, a punch having a hollow passage therethrough, which passage has a filter element therein is first inserted through the lid using a pneumatic gun. A second punch, similar to the first punch, but having a passage with a septa seal therein is thereafter inserted through the lid with the pneumatic gun. Headspace gas beneath the lid is then sampled with a needle inserted through the septa seal. Both the venting port and sampling port are configured with detachable punch points which pass through the lid and are then released from the venting and sampling ports so as to open ends of the passages therethrough for communication with the headspace.

Abstract: The sampling pipette comprises an endpiece (4); a. piston (8) slidably movable in the endpiece; and a gasket (36) in contact with the endpiece and with the piston to provide sealing between them. The endpiece comprises two portions (4a, 4b) fixed to each other in releasable manner with the gasket (36) being interposed between them.

Abstract: A system for subterranean termite detection, measuring, concentration, collection, marking, tracking and suppression is provided by deploying a family of devices in the soil peripheral to objects subject to termite infestation. Each device is fitted with a signal port in its dorsal surface for inspectors to examine, and lateral ingress/egress ports for termites to enter. Subterranean termites are attracted to the devices, which are constructed of a termite food material. When entering termites seal the signal port they produce a distinctive visual change that is observable by an inspector from a distance. This alerts the inspector to the presence of termite activity within the device. The signal port may have an interior reflector for reflecting light directed thereat to indicate that the signal port has been sealed by termites. The signal port may also have a mesh disposed thereacross to prevent unwanted obstruction thereof.

Abstract: The present invention involves a starter pinion moveable along an output shaft of a starter assembly. The pinion has an inner surface disposed about the output shaft, wherein the inner surface extends to an end face of the pinion. The pinion comprises a primary edge for moving particles from the output shaft as the pinion moves along the output shaft. The primary edge is formed along a length of the inner surface and extends to the end face. The primary edge defines a groove in which the particles are received as the pinion moves along the output shaft. The groove is formed along the length of the inner surface and adjacent the primary edge.

Abstract: An anti-backlash transmission mechanism that eliminates backlashes is disclosed. An actuator is connected to a transmitted element and a driven gear. The driven gear matches with a driving gear to be receive power transmitted from the driving gear. Through the actuator, the driving gear and the driven gear match tightly in the normal state to eliminate the backlash during positioning. During transmission, the pressure between the driving gear and the driven gear decreases, lowering the friction in between.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for vehicles is equipped with a housing in which a number of clutches and brakes, as well as an input shaft and an output shaft and at least one torque-controlling shaft (1), are positioned. The torque-controlling shaft (1) is equipped with neither a lengthwise bore for the central supply of fluid to the clutches or brakes, nor cross bores and grooves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for converting rotational movement into axial movement.

Abstract: An actuator with an electric motor which drives an activation element, such as a rotatable arm or a longitudinally movable rod, via a transmission. The transmission has at least two transmission stages, the first one being formed by a worm drive, the second one being formed by a crown and bevel wheel (5; 4a, 4b), the bevel wheel (4a, 4b) being driven by the worm wheel (3a, 3b), and the crown wheel (5) having a power take-off (15). The transmission may readily be formed so that the axis of the crown wheel (5) is in direct extension of the worm (2). A relatively compact transmission with a high gearing may be achieved hereby, and with worm wheel as well as crown and bevel wheel of plastics the transmission is also comparatively noiseless.

Abstract: 3-degrees-of-freedom universal joints UJ1 and UJ2 for allowing the hand H1 to make up-down swing motions D1 and side-to-side swing motions D2 are joined to the top right and left parts, respectively, of the wrist portion of the hand H1, and a 2-degrees-of-freedom universal joint UJ3 for allowing the hand H1 to make twisting rotations D3 is joined to the wrist portion of the hand H1 so as to serve as the center of 3-degrees-of-freedom.

Abstract: A tilt steering wheel in a vehicle is provided which can be locked in selected positions by a mechanism that includes a rod having pivot connections with stationary and movable components of the steering column. A rotatable locking sleeve encircles the rod to form a rigid connection between the rod and one of the pivot connections. Mesh teeth on the rod and sleeve prevent the sleeve from moving in the elongated direction. By rotating the sleeve on the rod it is possible to shift the teeth out of mesh such that the rod can move longitudinally to set the steering column in a selected position. The sleeve has a slot with major and minor portions and in the locking position the minor portion captures a pivot shaft of the steering column and prevents relative movement of the rod with respect to the pivot shaft.

Abstract: A manual gearshift device for an automotive automatic transmission operative in an automatic shift mode in which a gear ratio is automatically varied according to driving conditions and a manual mode in which a gear ratio is manually changed is disclosed. The manual gear shift device, that is installed to spokes of a steering wheel extending in substantially diametrically opposite horizontal directions, comprises a first gearshift switch which is installed to one of the spokes at an obverse side of the steering wheel and provides a shift-up command signal and a second gearshift switch, desirably different in shape and operative direction from the first gearshift switch, which is installed to one of the spokes at a reverse side of the steering wheel and provides a shift-up command signal.

Abstract: The steering wheel for motor vehicles has a hub, a steering wheel rim and a plurality of spokes connecting the steering wheel rim with the hub. The hub comprises a hub core for fastening to a steering shaft and a base body which surrounds the hub core and is made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material. The spokes are integrally and continuously molded with the base body of the hub from a fiber-reinforced plastic material. The steering wheel rim is integrally and continuously molded with the spokes from a fiber-reinforced plastic material. In this arrangement, the base body together with the spokes and the steering wheel rim forms a self-supporting shaped body.

Abstract: The steering wheel for motor vehicles has a hub, a steering wheel rim and a plurality of spokes connecting the steering wheel rim with the hub. The hub comprises a hub core for fastening to a steering shaft and a base body which surrounds the hub core and is made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material. The spokes are integrally and continuously molded with the base body. of the hub from a fiber-reinforced plastic material. The steering wheel rim is integrally and continuously molded with the spokes from a fiber-reinforced plastic material. In this arrangement, the base body together with the spokes and the steering wheel rim forms a self-supporting shaped body.

Abstract: A rotor for a tablet press including an upper-ram receptacle for the upper rams and a lower-ram guide for the lower rams of the tablet press, as well as a retainer plate having a series of die-bores which are oriented towards the upper and lower rams wherein the retainer plate is composed of at least two ring segments which are adapted to be mounted non-positively and/or positively to the body of the lower-ram guide by means of a fixing device.

Abstract: A composite flywheel rotor includes a flywheel hub having tapered outer surface and an axis of rotation and a flywheel rim having an axis of rotation coinciding with the hub axis of rotation. The flywheel rim has multiple rings axially press-fit together to precompress the rings to form a composite flywheel rim. Each ring is made of approximately equal radial thickness and the entire non-dimensionalized radial thickness ratio of the assembled rim should be between approximately 0.38 to 0.48. The rim is optimally made up of four or five individual rings, each of which rings has tapered inner and outer diameters, preferably tapered at small angles to produce large radial forces when the rings are pressed onto each other and the hub by pressing axially, resulting in a high radial compressive preload in the assembled rim. A taper angle of 1-5° is suitable.

Abstract: Four similar gravitational sub-systems connected with one another to keep rotational energy substantially constant caused by gravity as a result of the combined interaction between two elements having different groups of gravity masses and different speeds.

Abstract: Methods and systems for distributing mass across a limited number of receiving receptacles associated with a rotating device or rotating system in order to affect a balance control action for dynamically balancing the rotating device or rotating system are disclosed. Out-of-balance forces and motion can be continually determined and utilized to estimate balance control actions. A determined balance control action may be represented as a force magnitude to be applied at a specific angular point of an axial control plane. The counterbalancing action distributes mass across a ringed distribution of retaining receptacles on the axial control plane of the rotating apparatus.

Abstract: To provide a connecting rod assembly and a bearing-equipped connecting rod both manufacturable easily and inexpensively, a connecting rod assembly 2 includes a plurality of separate rod segments 3A and 3B each having a big end portion 3a, a small end portion 3b and a shank portion 3c intervening between the big and small end portions 3a and 3b. The separate rod segments 3A and 3B are laminated together to provide a laminated rod structure 3, and a ring member 5 is press-fitted to each of the big and small end portions 3a and 3b of the respective separate rod segments 3A and 3B forming the laminated rod structure 3 to thereby integrate the separate rod segments 3A and 3B together. The ring member 5 defines an outer race of, for example, a shell type bearing 4 and this shell type bearing 4 is press-fitted in the big and small end portions 3a and 3b of the laminated rod structure 3 to thereby provide a bearing-equipped connecting rod 1.

Abstract: A limited-slip differential includes a differential case having a two-piece structure formed by a cup-shaped case body and an end cap attached to an open end of the cup-shaped case body. The limited-slip differential having such two-piece differential case has a small number of parts, is easy to assemble and can be manufactured efficiently at a low cost, as compared to a conventional limited-slip differential having a three-piece differential case.

Abstract: Compositions of a manganese sulfide (MnS) compound useful as additives for making a sintered product are disclosed, in which molybdenum (Mo) or Fe—Mo is added to the MnS compound to improve machinability and to obtain a more stable MnS compound, thereby reducing any change in weight and size in a sintering process. The compositions can suppress erosion of parts in a sintering furnace during a sintering process, prevent sooting on a surface of the sintered product from occurring, and enhance resistance to moisture in the air to keep the sintered product in the air for a long time.

Abstract: A procedure for the continuous manufacture of powdered materials starting from solid raw materials in powder form based on synchronizing feed or loading of raw materials or reagents into a tube which constitutes the reactor itself, with the output of the material itself obtained, carrying out the extraction in the lower part, all this carried out in continuous fashion, i.e., as the material is introduced into the tube the synthesis takes place and the product or resulting material is extracted from the reaction without the need to stop the reactor.