Abstract: An antenna arrangement for a wireless computer system, such as a laptop or notebook computer that is coupled to a wireless LAN. The antenna is configured in a form that provides information to the computer user and, in one embodiment, may constitute all or part of a logo that identifies an entity from whom the user acquired the computer. In one embodiment, the antenna is disposed in planar form on an enclosure associated with the computer system. Alternatively, the antenna may be printed on a printed circuit board, such a wireless adapter PCMCIA card that includes baseband circuitry, RF circuitry, and contacts for effecting an interface to the portable computer.

Abstract: The system for deploying an antenna of an integrated circuit card includes a card housing protecting electronic components, and at least one antenna. The antenna has a proximal end and a distal end, and an antenna housing protects the antenna. The antenna housing is movably connected to the card housing such that as the antenna housing moves relative to the card housing, the distal end of the antenna moves relative to the card housing.

Abstract: A PC card with a retractable antenna for use in interfacing between a communications device and a wireless network includes an interface card portion and an antenna portion, the interface card portion having a first end, and an opposite second end, the first end having an electrical interface compatible with the communications device, the second end having an opening for slidably receiving the antenna portion, the interface card portion being dimensioned to be inserted into the PC card slot of the communications device, the antenna portion being in electrical communication with the interface card portion and dimensioned to fit inside the interface card portion, the antenna portion being accessible through the opening in the interface card portion by a user, the antenna portion being configured to extend out of the cavity and retract into the cavity of the interface card portion such that when the antenna portion is retracted into the cavity the antenna portion is substantially contained inside the interface c

Abstract: A reflector antenna adapted for use with a mobile platform, in particular with an aircraft. The reflector antenna includes an antenna aperture, a first signal processing subsystem located closely adjacent the antenna aperture exteriorly of the mobile platform, a two channel coaxial rotary joint for allowing rotation of the antenna aperture about an azimuthal axis, and a second antenna signal processing subsystem located within the interior of the mobile platform. A feedhorn of the antenna aperture is disposed within an opening at a coaxial center of a main reflector to allow a longer length feedhorn to be employed without physically interfering with a subreflector of the antenna aperture. The first antenna signal processing subsystem includes separate channels for processing vertically polarized RF energy and horizontally polarized RF energy.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a feedhorn, main reflector, sub-reflector, and frequency selective member. The sub-reflector includes an axially symmetrical reflecting surface. The frequency selective member includes an axially non-symmetrical reflecting surface. The frequency selective member transmits signals having a first frequency from the feedhorn to the sub-reflector. These signals are symmetrically reflected by the sub-reflector to the main reflector. The frequency selective member reflects signals having a second frequency from the main reflector to the feedhorn. These signals are reflected at a small conical angle by the frequency selective member to the feedhorn. In this way, the present transmit/receive system provides coincident transmit and receive signals with only conically scanned receive signals.

Abstract: A telematic vehicle antenna for dampening low frequency vibrations includes a shaft adapted to be mounted on a vehicle, wherein the shaft has a longitudinal axis and an outer surface, the outer surface has a configuration that surrounds and extends generally parallel to the longitudinal axis, and the diameter of the configuration defines the diameter of the shaft. The antenna further comprises a conductor substantially enclosed by the outer surface and an air turbulence generator in contact with the outer surface for dampening vibrations transmitted to a vehicle by the shaft, wherein the air turbulence generator extends helically in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis, and the air turbulence generator extends radially outwardly from the outer surface of the shaft by a distance greater than or equal to about 10% of the diameter of the shaft. A method of dampening low frequency vibrations associated with telematic antennas is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optically transparent dielectric reflector (200) that reflects an incident millimeter-wave beam at a design frequency. The reflector (200) includes layers of different optically transparent dielectric materials. The thickness of the individual layers is chosen so that the transmitted wavbes cancel almost completely in the forward direction, yielding a high degree of transmission loss and substantial reflection. In the preferred embodiment, the invention is comprised of alternating layers of optical sapphire and air. In the best mode, there are seven sapphire layers, with outer sapphire layers (50) having a nominal thickness of 70.8 mils, inner sapphire layers (52) with a nominal thickness of 30.4 mils, and air layers have a nominal thickness of 32.0 mils Vented metal spacers (54) are used to maintain optimal thickness of air layers.

Abstract: A filter for a plasma display panel provided with an antireflection optical film having a color correction function, whereby when red light emitted from the plasma display panel is passed therethrough, the positional relation of the position before the passage and the position after the passage in the CIE xy chromaticity diagram of the red light, satisfies at least one of the following formulae (1) and (2) relating to changes in coordinates x,y, and the following formulae (3) and (4) relating to distances from standard values:

Abstract: An active matrix organic electroluminescent display device includes a substrate, a gate line disposed on the substrate, a data line disposed on the substrate crossing the gate line to form a pixel region, a first switching thin film transistor disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the gate line and the data line, a first driving thin film transistor disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the first switching thin film transistor, a capacitor electrode formed on the substrate and electrically connected to the first switching thin film transistor, the capacitor electrode having first and second parts disposed in parallel to the data line, and a third part connecting a first end of the first part to a first end of the second part, a power line electrically connected to the first driving thin film transistor, the power line having first, second, and third portions overlapping the capacitor electrode to form a storage capacitor, a pixel electrode disposed within the pixel region a

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light-emitting diode (“LED”) display apparatus used for a display such as a type of standing signboard. The light-emitting diode display is comprised of light-emitting diodes which use a plurality of colors, including blues, reds and greens, arranged in a specific pattern such as a matrix pattern. The display is appropriate for displaying either a moving or a stationary graphical image by powering the LEDs to combine to produce specific colors.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) has an electro-mechanical structure over the surface of the display that enables the light from individual picture elements (pixels) to be directed by X and Y control signals. The electro-mechanical structure provides individual prism/lense elements over each pixel. The prism/lense element is configured so that light from the LCD may be directed towards each eye of a viewer. The prism/lense elements have a piezoelectric material integrated on a beam supporting the prism/lense element which may be energized with control signals to alter the angle of the prism/lense element so that the light may be selectively directed towards each eye of the viewer. Each piezoelectric element (PZE) has a positive and negative voltage terminal. One of the voltage terminals is “addressed” with an X line and the other with a Y line creating a matrix selection of each PZE. The voltage level of the X line may be varied to add further control of the PZE.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for driving a liquid crystal display device preventing a deterioration of picture quality. More specifically, in the method and apparatus, a difference between modulated data and normal input data is calculated, and the normal input data are modulated by using the difference data calculated.

Abstract: A driving method of a liquid crystal display device is performed with respect to a liquid crystal display device arranged so that: a TFT having a gate electrode, a drain electrode, and a source electrode is provided on a first substrate; the gate electrode is connected to a scanning line, the drain electrode is connected to a pixel electrode and the source electrode is connected to a reference line; and signal lines are provided on a second substrate opposite to the first substrate; and the liquid crystal display device applies an electric field to a liquid crystal layer provided between the pixel electrode and the second substrate. The method comprising the step of: driving the signal lines that apply a voltage to a line of pixels scanned by the scanning line so that signal lines Sm−1 and Sm+1 at both ends of three adjacent signal lines Sm−1, Sm and Sm+1 are respectively supplied with a voltage opposite to each other in polarity.

Abstract: An electro-optical device of the present invention comprising pixel electrodes, TFTs electrically connected to the pixel electrodes, and scanning lines and data lines connected to the TFTs on a TFT array substrate is disclosed. Each scanning line has a broad width portion as a gate electrode in a portion facing a channel area of the TFT and the narrow width portion.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a sub-pixel octal grouping are disclosed. The octal grouping may comprise three-color (red, green and blue) sub-pixels with blue colored subpixel comprising twice the number of positions within the octal sub-pixel grouping as the red and green colored sub-pixels. Various embodiments for performing sub-pixel rendering on the sub-pixel groupings are disclosed.

Abstract: A shift register employs only a thin film transistor of the same type channel and has a level shifter built-in. A shift register with a built in level shifter includes a plurality of stages and a plurality of level shifters. The stages are connected in cascade to shift a start pulse inputted through an input terminal and sequentially output the shifted pulse. The level shifters level-shift a voltage level of the shifted pulse applied from each of the stages and outputting it.

Abstract: A cursor control device is taught that provides a compact and easily manufactured design. A shaft or actuator surface attaches around the periphery of a substrate. The substrate carries at least one strain sensitive resistor that provides an electrical signal indicative of the stress placed on the actuator. The substrate is attached to a supporting structure at a point in general proximity to the center of the substrate.

Abstract: A virtual mirror is rendered by a computer graphics display or screen. The display substantially replicates the optical properties of a physical mirror. The display is provided on a host vehicle.

Abstract: An overhead monitor in combination with a DVD player includes a fixed plate adapted to be mounted in a ceiling of an automobile and provided with a concave area and a recessed area defined in a bottom face defining the concave area to receive therein the DVD player and a moving plate pivotally connected to the fixed plate and having the monitor embedded therein. The DVD player has a cover with a wedge and an extension, a clamp and a hole with a sensor received therein are defined in a face of the concave area to respectively correspond to the wedge and the extension, so that only when the cover securely engages the face of the concave area, can the DVD player be operated normally.

Abstract: The system, method and program of the invention enables a presentation authoring tool, that is used to create presentation data for later projection, to determine a recommended font size for the created presentation data displayed on a display screen of a computer executing the presentation authoring tool. The user interface presents a display screen for receiving input of an expected viewing distance for the later projection of the presentation. The recommended font is determined based upon the expected viewing distance of the later projection having a projected font size viewable by a person, having a certain vision capability, at the expected viewing distance. The expected viewing distance may be a maximum viewing distance or a room depth of a room in which the later projection takes place.

Abstract: In a display apparatus that receives and then displays R, G, B signals transmitted from a computer via a cable, when correcting phase differences between the respective signals that are generated while the signals are being transmitted, the phase correction amount can be reduced and phase adjustment performed automatically by a simple circuit structure. In a phase detection section, the phases of R, G, B signals input from a PC relative to a horizontal synchronization signal HD are detected, and based on the result of these detections, a calculation section 11 determines which color signal from the R, G, B signals has the greatest delay relative to the horizontal synchronization signal HD, and also determines the phase differences of the remaining two signals relative to the most delayed signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foot-operable computer input control device that enables a computer user to utilize their feet to control or interact with a computer game or software application. The device includes at least two bi-directional roller elements each providing a surface on which the user's foot can be placed. Linking means, e.g., a mechanical clutch, is provided to transfer rotational motion of one roller element to another roller element thereby creating a variable dynamic linkage. The rotational motion of the roller elements is detected by detection means such as an optical encoder and this results in the generation and sending of an output signal from signal output means to a computer input.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the movement of a cursor on a monitor screen are provided. The system comprising at least one remote control unit having a plurality of push buttons for remotely controlling the moving direction of the cursor on the monitor screen; at least one light emitting element for emitting light that indicates a signal generated by the remote control unit; a light detector for extracting the light movement that is transmitted sequentially from the remote control unit; and, a control unit for displaying the moving position of the cursor on the monitor screen corresponding to the extracted movement of the light from the remote control unit, and also adapted to stop the moving position of the cursor upon releasing the push button of the remote control unit. The movement of the cursor on the monitor screen also can be stopped if the light movement transmitted from the remote control unit changes in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A system and method for providing input to a handheld computing device by provisioning the handheld computing device with a device for projecting images generated as a result of applications executing on the computer device on a surface in front of a user located proximate said device, a projected image including an active screen display corresponding to an application executing in the device. A further projected image includes an object image located within the active screen display and representing a pointer to locations within the projected active screen display. The system detects the presence of an object located at the surface and within a projected image display area, and converts detected movement of the object located within a projected image display area on the surface into movement of the object image within the projected active screen display. The user is thus able to initiate a data input operation or execute a function at a location in the active screen display for the executing application.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a computer mouse having a windable output wire including a housing, a windable wire receiving device retractably mounted in the housing, and an output wire having a first end connected to the wire receiving device and a second end connected to an output plug that is inserted into a main frame of a computer. The output wire is wound around the fixing shaft center, thereby forming an inner circle structure of the output wire, and is wound around a mobile shaft center, thereby forming an outer circle structure of the output wire. The inner circle structure of the output wire and the outer circle structure of the output wire are along two opposite directions, thereby previously leaving a wire winding space, reducing the volume of the housing, and saving the cost of fabrication.

Abstract: A system and method for providing input to a handheld computing device by provisioning the handheld computing device with a projecting device a projecting device for displaying a graphical representation of a keyboard, the graphical representation including key locations capable of being selected by an object, the graphical image displayed in an area proximate the device; a signal detection system for detecting the presence of an object located at a selected key location within the area; and, a mechanism for determining the selected key in response to detecting an object at a corresponding selected key location and registering the selected key as a keystroke in the computing device.

Abstract: A user operable element may be positioned over a display such that an image element formed on the display may be viewed through a transparent portion of the operable element. The operable element may be coupled to a switch and/or a feedback mechanism that may provide auditory and/or tactile feedback to the user.

Abstract: In a user-interface application, a computing apparatus has a user-interface to assist the user in searching for information from a data array. In an example embodiment according to the present invention, the data array is an ordered list of addresses. In a UI so equipped, the user experiences a particular sequence of events. The user begins at a point on a list of addresses. After the user rotates a jog/shuttle knob, the list rolls down a low rate. As the user rotates the jog/shuttle knob further the scroll accelerates. After a predetermined time or number of items, a helper character is displayed. This character may represent a first letter of a name or a first digit of a telephone number. The UI displays the helper character to the user. The user continues to hold the position of the jog/shuttle knob until a help character, corresponding to his/her desired selection, appears.

Abstract: A touch control pen for a PDA has a pen holder, and a light source coupled to the pen holder for generating light. Alternatively, the touch control pen has a pen holder, and an element that secures the pen holder to a portion of a PDA. The touch control pen also incorporates a writing implement.

Abstract: In a method for position decoding, a position is calculated on the basis of information determined from a partial area, imaged by a sensor, of a position-coding pattern. If the position calculation fails, the information from the partial area recorded by the sensor is matched with information about how the position-coding pattern is designed in a plurality of matching partial areas, which each define a position in the position-coding pattern. The position of the positions defined by the matching partial areas, which according to the matching step is the most probable position in the position-coding pattern for the imaged partial area is accepted as the decoded position.

Abstract: A method, program and system for enabling alternate input commands by means of a stylus associated with a personal digital assistant (PDA) are provided. The method comprises applying pressure to a pressure sensor on the stylus, which invokes an application on the PDA that interprets stylus input as equivalent to a right mouse click on a computer. In response to the stylus being touched to an object displayed by the PDA, the application opens a menu associated with that object, wherein the menu allows a user to initiate specified object functions and to change specified properties of the object. Invoking the application on the PDA is accomplished via a Bluetooth™ signal between the stylus and PDA.

Abstract: A method and system for enabling user interaction with computer software running in a computer system. A user is provided with an interface surface containing information relating to the computer software and including coded data indicative of an identity of the interface surface and of at least one reference point of the interface surface. The user places a sensing device into an operative position relative to the interface surface. In this operative position, the sensing device senses indicating data indicative of: the identity of the interface surface; and a position of the sensing device relative to the interface surface, using at least some of the coded data. The computer system receives the indicating data from the sensing device, and uses the indicating data to identify at least one interactive element relating to the computer software. The computer software is then operated in accordance with instructions associated with the at least one interactive element.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for supporting an external display on a portable device. A system on a chip (SOC) of the portable device provides a first set of graphics data to a graphics controller. The embedded graphics controller renders the first set of graphics data for output using an LCD screen integrated with the portable device. The SOC renders a second set of graphics data and provides rendered graphics data to an external display interface. The external display interface formats the rendered graphics data for output on an external, remote display.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for reducing power consumption within a video processing portion of a system based on display content. Display content is monitored to determine whether the display content is changing. New display content is compared to old display content to determine if the display content is changing. If the display content has not changed, a frame rate used to output display data is reduced. A color depth associated with the display data is also reduced. Power consumption can be reduced when it is determined that display content is not changing.

Abstract: The variation of characteristics of transistors occurs. The present invention is a signal line drive circuit having a plurality of current source circuit corresponding to a plurality of wirings, a first and a second shift registers, a latch circuit, the foregoing plurality of current source circuits have capacity means and supplying means, respectively, characterized in that the foregoing capacity means converts a supplied current into a voltage according to a sampling pulse supplied from the foregoing first shift register, the foregoing supplying means supplies a current corresponding to the foregoing converted voltage according to a video signal, and the foregoing latch circuit operates according to a sampling pulse supplied from the foregoing second shift register.

Abstract: An active-matrix display device employs current-programmed-type pixel circuits and performs the writing data to each of pixels on a line-by-line basis. The active-matrix display device having a matrix of current-programmed-type pixel circuits includes a data line driving circuit 15 formed of m current driving circuits (CD) 15-1 to 15-m arranged corresponding to respective data lines 13-1 to 13-m. The data line driving circuit (CD) 15-1 to 15-m holds image data (luminance data herein) in the form of voltage, and then converts the voltage of the image data into a current signal. The current signal is then fed to the data lines 13-1 to 13-m at a time. The image information is thus written on the pixel circuits 11.

Abstract: A display apparatus which can display an image at a proper luminance corresponding to a video signal irrespective of a temperature-related change or a change with the passage of time. The display apparatus has: a current source for generating a reference current; and a reference transistor having an input terminal for a power voltage, an output terminal to which the current source is connected, and a control terminal connected to the output terminal and having almost the same electrical characteristics as those of a driving transistor for supplying a drive current to a light emitting device serving as a pixel. The driving transistor is driven by a voltage (reference control voltage) on the control terminal of the reference transistor. The loss of electric power can be suppressed by the driving method of this apparatus.

Abstract: Data drive circuit for a current writing type AMOEL display panel including a plurality of current output channels, and a plurality of channel current generating circuits on respective current output channels for minimizing a difference of current levels occurred between the current output channels, each inclusive of one pair of transistors, a current generating part for generating a current of a small deviation proportional to square of a difference of threshold voltages of the one pair of the transistors, and a current mirror part for mirroring the current, and forwarding the mirrored current as a channel current for the channel, thereby minimizing a difference of current levels occurred between output channels, and driving the AMOEL display panel uniformly.

Abstract: Determining a node path through a node graph includes modifying the node graph in accordance with a predetermined platform performance, performing a path finding process through the node graph to obtain the node path, determining if the platform performance has changed, adjusting the node graph to compensate for a change in the platform performance, and re-performing the path finding process through the adjusted node graph to obtain the node path.

Abstract: A set of techniques for rapidly computing a half-plane membership test for successive patches of pixels. By using an inheritance relation to carry forward values already computed at patch boundaries, the computational load for each successive patch is minimized. In a sample embodiment, just one interior point and one new boundary point are computed for each new patch of 64 pixels. Each of the 64 pixels can be described by an offset from one of the 5 reference points (i.e. the one interior point, the one newly computed boundary point, and 3 previously computed boundary points). By exploiting shift and complement relations, only a small number of offsets need to be independently computed (only 10 in this example). Since membership is determined merely by the sign of the relevant half-plane functions being computed, a simple compare between the half-plane function at the reference point and the half-plane function for the relevant offset suffices to evaluate the function's sign for that particular pixel.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for accessing information from a remote site, such as a computer located on a network, are disclosed. The method includes displaying a three-dimensional representation of the information from the remote site in a first area of a display device. The three-dimensional representation of information defines a virtual world populated with one or more objects of interest. The method also includes receiving one or more instructions from an input device for navigating the virtual world displayed in the first area of the display device and for selecting an object in the virtual world. Upon selecting an object in the first area of the display device, the method displays information about the object in a second area of the display device and displays a three-dimensional model of the selected object in a third area of the display device.

Abstract: A method and system for synchronized visualization of two partial scenes, in particular for three-dimensional rendering of contour surfaces of two workpieces, is described. A user opens several partial scenes and selects those partial scenes which are to be synchronized. The user then pushes a button on the taskbar (e.g., “Share-Camera”) corresponding to the scenes. The partial scenes are synchronized by associating all synchronized partial scenes with a main camera, whereby manipulation of the scene content of one window affects the (all) synchronized partial scenes of the other windows. The synchronization is independent of the mode of visualization in the individual window. In this way, several partial scenes can be visualized simultaneously within an application. Advantageously, the partial scenes can be manipulated independently of each other.

Abstract: Illumination light having a 2-dimensional luminance distribution is used for obtaining photographed image data, and surface attributes of a real object are estimated based on photography environment information such as information relating to the luminance distribution of the illumination light at the time of photography, along with the photographed image data.

Abstract: A user of a virtual object or computer model uses a haptic interface device in the real world to manipulate a virtual tool in a virtual environment to interact and modify the virtual object. The user uses the virtual tool in a sculpting mode to modify the shape of the virtual object by adding, removing, or modifying the material of the object. The user feels an interaction force from the virtual tool as it interacts with and modifies the virtual object. The designer can set geometric constraints, such as a constraint point, constraint line, or constraint surface, to limit or guide the movement of the virtual tool.

Abstract: Umbilics of two surfaces are compared and it is determined from this comparison whether the suspect surface is a copy of the original surface based on the comparison. Comparing umbilics includes determining whether locations of the umbilics of the suspect surface match within a specified margin umbilics of the original surface, and determining whether pattern types of umbilics of the suspect surface match pattern types of corresponding umbilics of the original surface. A “weak” test may be performed, in which corresponding points on the two surfaces are compared, wherein the comparison of umbilics is performed if corresponding points of the two surfaces are located within a specified margin of each other. The points may be gridpoints on wireframes, which in turn may be based on lines of curvature of the surfaces. Comparing umbilics is performed if it is determined that each surface has at least one umbilic.

Abstract: A device is provided for rendering computer graphic images with a database and geometric processor to process a plurality of polygons. The device includes a background rendering engine to render the polygons received from the geometric processor. A critical item detector is configured to identify polygons received from the geometric processor that have at least a portion of the polygon within a critical item region. In addition, a critical item rendering engine is included to render polygons identified by the critical item detector. The identified polygons in the critical item engine are rendered at a higher resolution than the polygons rendered by the background rendering engine. A critical item load manager is coupled to the critical item rendering engine to increase or decrease a critical item load being rendered by the critical item rendering engine, and to match a deterministic processing time allowed.

Abstract: A map image display device, a map image display method and a map image display program are disclosed. Upon determination of a map image for an objective to be displayed in response to a user's command input, a standard surface area setting unit 21 divides a surface area of a whole area shown in the map image to be displayed into n equal divisions to assign resulting values to standard surface areas. Then, a particular designation selecting unit 16 selects n pieces of relevant particular designations of areas, whose surface areas are closer to the standard surface areas, among areas involved in the map image for the objective to be displayed. A display image preparing unit 17 prepares image data to cause the selected n pieces of the relevant particular designations to be displayed on the map image as icons, and a display control unit 18 controllably drives the display unit based on image data.

Abstract: A system for graphically displaying data, and for allowing users to interactively analyze said data, particularly with respect to detecting and analyzing any relationships within said data. The invention is particularly suited to analysis of large multi-variate matrix data or two-dimensional data sets that can be stored in a data array. The system includes a visual Data Pane, that is used by an operator to provide a focus+context view into the data. Each data item is initially presented as a small object or region on the operator's screen. In response to an operator signal, the source data value and data type of a source data item in the array is obtained and indirectly represented in the Data Pane image. During a focusing operation the area of interest within the constraints of the Data Pane window is expanded, and related or more detailed data is presented to the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting an edge in an image or video. The present invention can detect an edge more quickly by detecting edge information by using the absolute values and codes of two coefficients (AC01, AC10) in the DCT domain. In addition, the present invention can detect a more rapid and accurate edge by using the edge detection method using two coefficients as a pre-filter and using the edge detection method using a spatial filter as a post-filter.

Abstract: A framework provides for the creation, use, and management of archetypes as a basic building block for graphical model-based development environments. Archetypes are user-definable, domain-independent modeling entities that can contain one or more domain-specific models as well as archetype-specific operations, such as code generation. Archetypes may contain portals that are the explicit application programming interfaces of archetypes. Users define archetype definitions (including visual representations, portals, implementations, and operations) and they or others can then instantiate instances of defined archetypes into different modeling notations. The semantic interpretation of the archetype instances via archetype- and implementation-specific operations provide support for high-level operations such as code generation, model transformations, and model analyses.