Abstract: Disclosed is an Internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder with a reciprocating piston to provide said engine with at least one combustion chamber, said combustion chamber further comprising a delivery injector for injecting fuel directly into said combustion chamber, said engine further comprising at least one valved inlet air duct for delivering combustion air into said combustion chamber, wherein at least said inlet air duct and/or its valve is arranged to provide a low tumble inlet port to said at least one combustion chamber, said combustion chamber, in use, having low in-cylinder tumble gas motion of said combustion air and wherein said low in-cylinder tumble gas motion of said combustion air reduces over-enleanment of fuel in end gas regions of said combustion chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wing structure of air swirling device for internal combustion engine, which has a swirling device body mounted in an air cleaner, a plurality of wings mounted slantingly and radially on the swirling device body for accelerating or increasing an airflow revolution, and one or more slits formed on prescribed positions of the plurality of wings for suppressing the formation of eddy in a negative pressure zone on the rear surface of each of the plurality of wings, includes a plurality of auxiliary wings protrudedly provided to the outside with reference to the surface of each of the wings, so that the airflow collided against the surface of each of said wings go straight ahead.

Abstract: An intake air volume flowing into an intake passage is controlled by a throttle opening. When the engine speed decreases, a valve timing of an intake valve and an exhaust valve is corrected so as to increase the torque of an internal combustion engine. The throttle opening is corrected so as to increase the intake air volume when the engine speed falls below a desired speed while an intake line pressure is equal to, or less than, a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A watercraft includes an engine output control device that can adjust the maximum output of the engine. The output device can be constructed of mechanical devices for adjusting the relationship between the movement of a throttle lever and a throttle valve, an electronic device for proportionally controlling the position of throttle valves in relation to the movement of the throttle lever, are other devices for controlling engine speeds in other ways.

Abstract: A method of controlling an internal combustion engine is described; in this method, at least two operating states are differentiated, at least one operating variable of the engine being controlled, a setpoint torque being predetermined on the basis of the optimum operating point for the respective operating state and on the basis of the position of a throttle valve operated by the driver, the value of at least one operating variable to be output being determined from the setpoint torque. A cylinder-individual firing angle retardation value is predetermined by a knock control system, so that the cylinder-individual firing angle retardation value is taken into account directly in calculating the setpoint torque.

Abstract: A method of controlling an internal combustion engine is described; in this method, at least one operating variable is controlled, a pre-control ignition timing efficiency is formed as a function of operating parameters of the engine and/or external intervention measures, and the pre-control ignition timing efficiency determines the setpoint values of the at least one operating variable. In a transition from a first operating state to a second operating state, the pre-control ignition timing efficiency is varied by a transition function.

Abstract: An integrated control and fuel delivery system having an intake manifold that receives a portion of an airflow and delivers air to an engine and a fuel spacer that receives the air from the intake manifold. The fuel spacer includes a wiring harness. A control module is disposed on the fuel spacer adjacent to the intake manifold of the engine.

Abstract: Minimizing fuel injector opening time greatly improves fuel efficiency and performance. Pre-charging the fuel injector solenoid is an inexpensive means of reducing opening time. The solenoid is pre-charged to a level that is slightly below a current level that would move an armature located near the solenoid for a known period. A larger current is then applied to the solenoid which moves the armature quickly to an open position. A current is then applied that is less than the pre-charging or valve-opening current to hold the armature in a open position. Finally, all current is removed from the solenoid, allowing the armature to return to a closed position.

Abstract: A control circuit for an actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2), in particular for an electromagnetic actuator for an injector of an injection system for an internal combustion engine, having a power supply (Vbat) and a first switching element (Q1), which is connected to the actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2) and to the power supply (Vbat), for switching the actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2) on or off, with the first switching element (Q1) being driven by a control signal (Vin), and having an energy storage element (C1), which is connected to the actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2), for temporary storage of at least a part of the energy which is stored in the actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2), while switching off the actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2) or for feeding back at least a part of the temporarily stored energy while the actuator (1, 1.1, 1.2) is once again switched on.

Abstract: An in-tank fuel pump for an automotive vehicle includes a pump housing having a pumping element, a low pressure inlet, and a high pressure outlet. A motor housing defining a motor cavity is mounted to the pump housing and a motor is mounted within the motor cavity in driving engagement with the pumping element. A bypass channel is adapted to allow a portion of the fuel flowing through the high pressure outlet to flow into the motor cavity.

Abstract: When purge control of fuel vapor, which is released from a fuel tank and is then adsorbed and retained in a fuel adsorption layer of a canister, is performed through ON/OFF control of a purge valve, ON/OFF of a heater plate received in the canister is controlled based on a purge fuel vapor concentration estimated through air-fuel ratio control operation of an engine. In this way, a sensor for measuring the purge fuel vapor concentration of the fuel vapor conducted from the canister to an intake passage of the engine can be eliminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a four-stroke internal combustion engine with natural gas. In this method, at high to full torque operating conditions, the natural gas is injected directly into the cylinder of the engine toward the end of the induction stroke or at the start of the compression stroke. This may take place in particular in a crank angle range between 210° and 90° before top dead center. The efficiency of the engine is thus improved without generating a gas pressure higher than the storage pressure. It is preferable for the engine to be operated with a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: The invention is a fuel treatment system that enhances fuel combustion by ionizing hydrocarbons in the fuel to exhibit a net positive charge thereby causing oxygen to more readily combine with the hydrocarbons. A modulated RF and harmonic frequency generator emits a controlled signal to a coil provided around a fuel supply line to ionize and overcome the thixotropy of the hydrocarbons. The ionized hydrocarbons readily combine with oxygen molecules to provide a more complete burning of fuel in the combustion chamber. The system comprises removing particulate matter and free water from fuel, treating the fuel with a catalyst, ionizing the fuel via an electronic combustion enhancer, aligning molecules in the fuel with a magnet, and reducing engine friction with a friction reducing metal conditioner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for the vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuel in a closed system prior to its entry into an internal combustion engine's combustion chambers in amounts proportional to the acceleration level of the engine. The apparatus is a fuel vaporizer interposed between an engine's fuel injection system and combustion chambers and forms a canister housing. Liquid fuel enters via an inlet in the housing, is vaporized by heating it to boiling and is drawn out of the canister via an outlet under a partial vacuum to the combustion chambers of the engine. The system is closed except for a vacuum connection with the engine's combustion chambers. Heating means are provided to heat the fuel to boiling without heating it to its flash point, thus avoiding its pre-ignition.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for controlling a charger (2000, 1000) which make possible a reduction of the load on the on-board electrical system especially during run-up of the charger (2000, 1000). A drive signal is formed which drives the charger (2000, 10000. In dependence upon a first operating state of the engine (1005) which directly precedes an increase of the driver command torque, the drive signal is so formed that the charger (2000, 1000) increases its rpm already during this first operating state.

Abstract: A combustion manager portion of an engine controller is responsive to ambient air density and engine temperature signals to schedule charge flow and EGR fraction commands. The combustion manager includes a data structure determination block operable to select an appropriate engine speed/engine fueling data structure based on air density and engine temperature information as well as on desired emissions level and engine operating state (i.e., steady state or transient) information. Charge flow and EGR fraction determination blocks are, in turn, responsive to current engine speed and engine fueling information to produce compute the EGR fraction and charge flow commands as a function of the selected engine speed/engine fueling data structures.

Abstract: An electric actuated control valve, such as an EGR valve, has an actuator whose armature contains an electromagnet coil for operating the actuator. Current for the coil is conveyed through a flexible circuit between the armature and a housing of the actuator.

Abstract: A PCV apparatus for returning, in an engine having a crankcase and an intake system, blowby gases leaked into the crankcase back to the intake system includes a PCV piping forming at least part of a path through which the blowby gases return, and a bracket as a heat transmitting member connecting a prescribed portion of the engine and the PCV piping, enabling heat transmission.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crank case ventilation system for an internal combustion engine that has a two-stage air charge boosting system. An air inlet system supplies the engine with air that may be pressurised by an upstream supercharger and a downstream turbocharger in series. A crank case evacuation system draws crank case gasses from a crank case and introduces said gasses into the air inlet system, through either a first conduit or a second conduit, depending on the setting of a pressure-regulated control valve. The first conduit is used to introduce said gasses upstream of the first boost stage when this stage is operational, and when the first boost stage is not operational, the second conduit is used to introduce said gasses downstream of the first boost stage and upstream of the second boost stage.

Abstract: In a gas-liquid separation device in a vibrator engine according to the present invention, a crank chamber and a rocker chamber communicate with each other through an oil delivery passage, and a push rod chamber and the crank chamber communicate with each other through an oil chamber and an oil discharge port. Oil mist generated in the crank chamber flows into the rocker chamber through the oil delivery passage, as the oil discharge port begins to resist the flow. The mist flows into the push rod chamber after the mist is made into liquid for lubrication of parts to be lubricated. Thus, the oil is returned to the crank chamber from the oil delivery passage through the rocker chamber, the push rod chamber, and the oil chamber to form a circulating path.

Abstract: An oil-saving accelerating control device of eliminating the black smoke mainly comprising a power-increasing means and a pressure increasing auxiliary device in cooperative the inlet branch of the gas-combustion engine, by means of the high-voltage output produced by the power increasing means, after the air within the metal inside is being purified, it produces more oxygen to increase the efficiency of the gas-combustion engine and thus it saves the fuel as well as increasing the power; besides, by cooperative with the pressure-increasing device, when the power-increasing means is acting, it collects more oxygen on the same time on acting the power-increasing means, whereas the operator could provide more oxygen to the effect of gas-combustion engine for usage through controlling a initiation switch.

Abstract: A line retainer for use with bow fishing reels, which provide extremely low drag on the line, holds the line retained in the bottle so as to reduce the chance of snagging or catching, and yet automatically releases with release of the arrow avoiding the need for manual release as is required by conventional spin casting type reels.

Abstract: A new form of bow-mounted arrow quiver, which will safely and satisfactorily carry a plurality of different kinds of broadhead-tipped arrows, particularly, mechanical broadhead arrows, regardless of shaft size (diameter), while maintaining each different broadhead out of contact with the others contained within the broadhead shield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a saw wire consisting essentially of a steel wire, an intermediate layer and a metallic binding phase into which diamond grains with an average diameter of 10 to 50 micrometers are inserted, characterized in that the metallic binding phase has a hardness of between 600 and 1100 HV 0.1 and consists of an inner layer and an outer layer which are arranged concentrically around the steel wire provided with the intermediate layer. The inner layer has a thickness of approximately between 10 and 25% of the average diamond grain diameter, while the thickness of the outer layer is such that the overall thickness of the metallic binding phase is 45-55% of the average diamond grain diameter and the diamond grains have an average interval of not more than 5 times their average diameter. Other fine particles with an average diameter of 1 to 6 micrometers are located between the diamond grains with an average diameter of 10 to 50 micrometers.

Abstract: A diamond wire (1) is disclosed for cutting stone material comprising a support cable (2) with around it a plurality of cutting bushes (3) and a plurality of elastic means (5). The cuttting bushes (3) comprise: an hollow cylindric support (10); at least one diamond cutting sector (12) connected to an external surface of the support (10); and at least one non-diamond support/cutting sector (14) connected to the external surface of the support (10) and laterally connected to the cutting sector (12).

Abstract: An inline apparatus and method for processing an unworked masonry article to produce a decorative masonry article having pitched face edges located in a non-parallel relationship to each other. The inline apparatus includes a conveyor line for carrying the masonry article, a pitching machine for pitching at least one of the frontal face edges of the masonry article, a flipping machine for repositioning the masonry article while the masonry article is in the conveying line and a second pitching machine for processing at least one additional face edge which is located in a non-parallel condition to the face edge of masonry article that has been pitched.

Abstract: Disclosed is a convection oven capable of producing a “true” convection cooking environment with a single gas burner disposed underneath the oven bottom in a combustion box. A fan compartment is disposed substantially at the center of the back wall, and defined by a baffle plate with a central fan inlet, a plurality of rearward-extending flanges, and a portion of the oven back wall. A centrifugal fan is disposed within the fan compartment. A flue spout is disposed between the oven cavity and the fan compartment and is adapted to join the combustion box and the oven cavity in fluid communication. Thus the centrifugal fan, located substantially centrally within the fan compartment will draw hot air and flue products upward from the combustion box, through the flue spout, through the central fan inlet, and blow the hot air and flue products into the oven cavity through peripheral fan outlets formed in the fan compartment.

Abstract: There is now provided a kitchen gas cooking stove with a glass-ceramic, glass, or ceramic top, a gas cooktop with a glass-ceramic, glass, or ceramic top, and a glass-ceramic, glass, or ceramic top of a cooking stove or cooktop with a venting structure thereon. A component-part is mounted on the top in a cutout portion with an attachment that prevents contact between the component-part and the top and seals the cutout portion from cooking spills to prevent spills on the top from seeping along said attached silicone body toward the cutout portion.

Abstract: A liquid reservoir for a nebulizer is comprised of a pair of membranes formed of resilient material and sealed about their edges to form a closed chamber between them for containing a liquid to be nebulized. When the chamber is filled with liquid and thereby expanded, the resilient membranes are distended to apply pressure to the liquid in the chamber. A discharge valve controls the discharge of liquid from the reservoir to the nebulizer under the pressure applied by the membranes. The reservoir is mounted on the nebulizer so that one of the membranes abuts a surface of the nebulizer that concavely deforms the membrane to increase the pressure applied to the liquid in the chamber to reduce or eliminate any residual volume of liquid in the chamber at the end of the discharging operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an albuterol inhalation solution, system, kit and method for relieving bronchospasm in children suffering from asthma. In one alternative embodiment, the solution of the present invention is a sterile, premixed, premeasured single unit dose of albuterol for asthmatic patients 2 to 12 years of age. The present solution may be free of anti-microbial preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride. In another alternative embodiment, the solution of the present invention comprises about 0.63 mg or about 1.25 mg albuterol.

Abstract: A nebule comprising at least one identification marker or label can be coupled an aerosol generator. The identification marker can be sensed by a sensing device on the aerosol generator so as to identify the liquid in the nebule to the controller of the aerosol generator. The controller of the aerosol generator can control the aerosol generator based on the information read from the identification marker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for delivering an anaesthetic to human or animal patients. The apparatus comprises an anaesthetic machine which is arranged to mount components of an anaesthetic delivery circuit, and which includes a collector arrangement in the form of a manifold (21) having a plurality of inlets and outlets. The manifold (21) enables a reduction in the number of tubes connecting the various components in an anaesthetic system, which are normally required in prior art anaesthetic machines. The manifold (21) also includes an arrangement (40) which provides a Venturi effect on gas flow, and enables a pressure gauge (18) to be mounted out of a patient breathing circuit. The machine is preferably portable.

Abstract: There is provided a container for a medicament powder formed from a material comprising a desiccant. In one embodiment the container is a medicament dispenser comprising a body defining a reservoir for medicament in powder form, and an outlet in communication with said reservoir. In another embodiment the container is a medicament dispenser comprising a body defining a chamber for receipt of a medicament carrier, and an outlet in communication with said chamber. Methods of controlling moisture flow are also described.

Abstract: A method and device for sensing inhalations and controlling the delivery of oxygen or other therapeutic gases to a patient. A flow-through sensor is adapted to provide a method and device to monitor various parameters of a patient's breathing and/or pulse oxygen saturation. Adjustments are made to the bolus delivery from a source of therapeutic gas to efficiently provide appropriate levels of therapeutic gas to the patient and to economically conserve therapeutic gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to breathing methods and devices, which increase intra-airway pressure, thus causing a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) which is not airflow dependent. Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides methods that utilize a pressure relief valve, preferably a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve, for providing positive expiratory pressure (PEP). The PEP is caused by directing the flow of gases exhaled by the patient through the PEEP valve, so that gases must be exhaled against the PEEP valve held closed by threshold pressure. In this way, gases exhaled by the patient are subject to positive exhalation pressure set by the threshold pressure, which in turn increase the pressure in the patient's airway. When the expiratory pressure exceeds the threshold pressure of the valve, the valve opens and air is exhaled.

Abstract: Chair for copulating couples having a support body and two legs attached to the support body. The support body of the chair supports a first couple member and has at least one generally concave contour located in a support body edge. The genitals of the first couple member are located adjacent the contour during copulation and in contact with the genitals of a second couple member. The chair includes a rocker portion for rocking the chair back and forth on a surface. The rocker portion is located on a surface contact portion of each leg and the chair rocks back and forth allowing sexual stimulation of each couple member.

Abstract: A controlled extrication module for the injured composed of a body with several means of immobilization of an injured person and supplied with devices for handling, maneuvering and transporting. The module is composed of a rigid plaque that provides a rear part with a medium zone coinciding with a person's back, a lower zone coinciding with a sacrococcygeal zone, and an upper zone coinciding with neck and head. The upper zone has a rounded edge which coincides with a cranial base and a border enabling attachment to an upper end of a seat. The upper zone also has two cavities for placing cervical collar straps which delimit a central help and semi-rigid fins connected to additional straps which attach at their ends. Both sides of the medium zone have upper and lower projections and an intermediate space supplying a side border. The border is placed on a side edge of the seat. The module also has a harness made up of upper and lower strips.

Abstract: A system and method for providing medical treatment, such as medication, to a patient. The administration of the medication may include the use of an infusion pump. The system may be implemented in a variety of ways including as a computer program. The computer program accessing information related to the identity of a clinician, the identity of a patient, the identity of a medical treatment, and the identity of a medical device. The computer program determines whether the medical treatment has been previously associated with the patient and whether a plurality of operating parameters for the medical device are consistent with the medical treatment. The computer program also includes logic for providing a first error signal if the medical treatment has not been previously identified with the patient; and a second error signal if the operating parameters for the medical device are not consistent with the medical treatment.

Abstract: A system and method for verifying that the right medication is efficiently provided to the right patient, in the right dose, at the right time, and via the right route. The invention also relates to efficiently coordinating infusion therapy with patient care system billing and inventory subsystems.

Abstract: A patient's upper airway condition such as snoring and sleep apnea is treated by selecting a particulate material selected for limited migration within tissue and for encouraging a fibrotic response of tissue to the material. A bolus of the particulate material is injected into the tissue area to structurally stiffen the tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for reducing the potentially harmful effects of electromagnetic waves on an implantable medical device. In one embodiment of the present invention, an implantable medical system comprising a dual threshold magnetic sensor capable of detecting an elevated magnetic field is disclosed. The sensor can comprise a solid-state sensor capable of detecting a static magnetic field in excess of about 1500 Gauss. The magnetic sensor can be operatively coupled to electronics that are capable of altering the operation of the system upon detection of an elevated magnetic field by the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ventilated filter cigarette with a wrapped one-part tobacco strand (11) and with a filter (20) having a ventilation means, said filter consisting of at least two filter parts (22,23). ventilation holes (14) are provided in the area of the mouth side filter part (22). Moreover, the mouth side filter part (22) is formed of a one-part filter segment, whereas the strand side filter part (23) is a filter segment (23) with a core (24) and a sleeve (26), and thus forms a so-called coaxial filter part or a coaxial filter.

Abstract: The oral cavity is a source of sensitive biomarkers that allow the development of novel tobacco filters to reverse and eliminate acute adverse effects of tobacco smoke. Useful biomarkers are ubiquitous functional leukocytes and associated essential biochemical mechanisms, including metabolic pathways and specific enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase contained in fluid-cell lavages obtained from the human mouth. These biomarkers derived from the human mouth and sputum from the human respiratory system can be used to evaluate long-term chronic effects of tobacco smoke. A tobacco filter comprising strongly basic anion exchange resins and strongly acidic cation exchange resins with or without activated carbon, is used to detect, reduce and eliminate toxic substances from tobacco smoke while retaining taste and aroma. The novel filter in conjunction with biomarkers allow the establishment of performance standards that permit the direct visualization and measurement of acute adverse reactions caused by tobacco smoke.

Abstract: An ornamental wig such as a toupee or a hairpiece, which requires no special treatment in a specialty store such as a beauty parlor, can change its color easily in response to the existence of light irradiation such as an ultraviolet ray. The ornamental wig includes reversible photosensitive discoloring imitation hair containing a photochromic compound at least in a portion thereof. The wig is of a size so as to be attachable to a human head, and an attaching device or devices are fitted to a portion of the wig.

Abstract: A personal hair grooming device comprising an elongated member, and at least one container outwardly secured to said elongated member at an attachment area for containing at least one hair product. Alternatively, the device may include a plurality of teeth extending substantially perpendicular from the elongated member.

Abstract: A netted refillable container comprising: a container body molded of a flexible synthetic resin material for containing a powdery cosmetic material therein, the container body having: a substantially flat bottom panel; a side panel extending upright from the bottom panel, the side panel curving outward or inward; an opening surrounded by the side panel; and a ring molded as a united body from a rigid synthetic resin surrounding the opening bearing a convex rib on the top end of the ring, and a net frame having a netting insert-molded to the inner surface of an annular frame body, the netting covering the opening of the container body and engaging the convex rib, the annular frame body engaging to the container body, wherein the netting is pushed upward by the convex rib to a position higher than the top surface of the net frame when the net frame is fitted to the container body; and when the container body is contained in a recess of an outer container having the recess of a prescribed depth and a projection

Abstract: A dental floss device having an applicator with a handle attached. The applicator may be formed in the shape of a curved trough to allow placing the applicator over the teeth of a person's upper or lower jaw. Dental floss is attached to each upper rim of the side walls of the applicator in positions to be pushed between the teeth for purposes of flossing. The applicator may be used to floss all of the teeth of an upper or lower jaw in a simultaneous application. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A dental floss dispenser for displaying a graphic, such as a cartoon face, to induce use of floss comprises a housing (12) which displays an enticing graphic, a floss cutter (30) located in association with the enticing graphic, and a back (24) for the housing (12) to form a receptacle (28). The dispenser includes an outlet for a strand of floss (26) to escape the receptacle (28) and be pulled to the floss cutter (30) and a fastener (36) associated with the dispenser for attaching the dispenser to a separate object such as a mirror, wall or cabinet in a bathroom.

Abstract: A pocket carried dental floss dispensing and cleaning device is provided to permit a user to open the device for use and close the device to secure the tool in a sanitary environment. A spool of dental floss is contained within a pivoting floss support arm removeably mounted a storage compartment. A knob is used to open the device and secure a line of floss during use.

Abstract: A produce cleaning system (20) and process (10) that employs plural forms of energy in an ionic liquid-based washing system (22, 24, 26) is described. The washing system (22, 24, 26) includes employing solvents and solutes in the wash bath (24) which promote the conduction of electrical energy. The electrical energy can be applied to the produce in the wash bath (24) in various waveforms, such as a modulating wave superimposed on a carrier wave. Additionally, ultrasonic energy is employed to provide high-frequency mechanical pressure waves against the produce. The electrical energy and the mechanical energy combine to produce energy in the applicable resonant frequency range that acts to destroy or transform pathogens, dirt and synthetic molecules that may exist on the produce to either destroy them or render them harmless.