Abstract: The invention involves underwater vehicles utilizing submersible electricity generation and storage systems involving flywheel devices. These underwater vehicles include autonomous underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicles, and supporting mobile and stationary tools, stations, and equipment. The underwater vehicle utilizes a pressurizable waterproof enclosure that contains a novel combination of: electricity generation devices, flywheel power sources, energy collection control circuitry and power distribution control circuitry. The underwater vehicle combines these elements to generate and store electricity underwater or at the surface of the water to meet the dynamic electrical requirements of autonomous underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicles and stationary underwater structures.

Abstract: A crystal comprising an androgen receptor ligand binding domain (AR-LBD) is provided. The crystal structures of the human Androgen Receptor Ligand Binding Domain (hAR-LBD) in comparison with the human Progesterone Receptor Ligand Binding Domains (hPR-(hPR-LBD) complexed with the same ligand metribolone (R1881) are also provided. The three-dimensional structures of the hAR LBD as well as the hPR LBD show the typical nuclear receptor fold. The change of two residues in the ligand binding pocket (LBP) between hPR and hAR seems to be the most likely source for the specificity of the R1881 ligand binding to hAR LBD. The structural implications of the 14 known mutations in the LBP of the hAR LBD associated with either prostate cancer (PC) or the partial androgen receptor insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) or complete androgen receptor insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) are analysed. The effects of most of these mutants may be explained on the basis of the crystal structure.

Abstract: A method of forming a high quality epitaxial indium phosphide layer on a silicon substrate and a semiconductor device formed by the same method are described. In one aspect, a lead-based perovskite buffer is formed on a silicon substrate, and an epitaxial indium phosphide layer is formed on the lead-based perovskite buffer. In accordance with this approach, relatively large (e.g., up to 300 millimeters in diameter) high quality indium phosphide films may be produced with the relatively high mechanical stability provided by silicon substrates. In this way, intrinsic problems associated with prior approaches that involve growth of high quality indium phosphide thin films on indium phosphide substrates, which are characterized by small wafer size, brittleness and high cost, may be avoided.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for executing efficient and cost-effective Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) at low temperatures are presented. ALD films such as oxides and nitrides are produced at low temperatures under controllable and mild oxidizing conditions over substrates and devices that are moisture- and oxygen-sensitive. ALD films, such as oxides, nitrides, semiconductors and metals, are efficiently and cost-effectively deposited from conventional metal precursors and activated nonmetal sources. Additionally, substrate preparation methods for optimized ALD are disclosed.

Abstract: Selected micro- and nanoscale, 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional periodic and random structures generated on silicon and other substrates are expected to perform as compliant, thin films for gettering defects and for accommodating lattice and thermal expansion mismatches during heteroepitaxial growth thereon, thereby leading to relatively defect-free, heteroepitaxial films of chosen thicknesses. The as-grown epilayers or completed electronic and optoelectronic devices can be bonded to a second substrate such as glass, or plastic following separation thereof from the substrate on which they were formed using preferential etching of a readily detachable, nanoporous silicon or silicon dioxide layer introduced between the generated structures and the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing bulk single crystals of AlN includes a crystal growth enclosure with Al and N2 source material therein, capable of forming bulk crystals. The apparatus maintains the N2 partial pressure at greater than stoichiometric pressure relative to the Al within the crystal growth enclosure, while maintaining the total vapor pressure in the crystal growth enclosure at super-atmospheric pressure. At least one nucleation site is provided in the crystal growth enclosure, and provision is made for cooling the nucleation site relative to other locations in crystal growth enclosure. The Al and N2 vapor is then deposited to grow single crystalline AlN at the nucleation site.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for forming an insulating film which is able to reduce the decrease in the light amount due to the light transmittable window, to process the large scale base plate, and to improve the oxidation speed.

Abstract: The device for surface coating of small parts is comprised essentially of a device (10) with sequentially arranged processing stations, namely a dip station (11), a drip station (12), a centrifuge station (13) and an emptying station (14). The drums (1) filled with small parts are conveyed from station to station via a longitudinal conveyor (27). Each station has its individual drive, with which the drums (1) can be brought into rotation. The drums are comprised of half shells (2) and (3), which are axially slideable relative to each other, which are opened for filling and closed during processing.

Abstract: A solder paste or other viscous material screen printing machine in combination with paste or viscous material applicator (1) device and an adaptor device (41) in between the reciprocating mechanism for transmitting the pressing forces of the reciprocating mechanism to the applicator device (1) whilst limiting the downward movements of the reciprocating mechanism to be within acceptable limits, with said adaptor device comprising a pressure receiving member (47) and to be acted upon by one or more pressing members (44) of the reciprocating mechanism of the screen printing machine in a downward direction, and piston displacing means beneath said pressure receiving member (47) which means, in use, is downwardly displaceable together with the pressure receiving member to cause the piston (7) to be displaced downwardly when said pressure receiving member is acted on by said pressing members and to urge solder paste or other viscous material contained within the reservoir downwardly, and one-way movement enabling

Abstract: A developer supply nozzle moves from the side of a first edge of a substrate to the side of a second edge thereof opposite from the first edge to apply a developer across a major surface of the substrate. After a lapse of required development process time, a rinsing solution supply nozzle moves from the side of the first edge of the substrate to the side of the second edge thereof to apply a rinsing solution across the major surface of the substrate. Making the moving speed of the rinsing solution supply nozzle higher than the moving speed of the developer supply nozzle shortens actual developing time at a site (downstream relative to a scanning direction) where a development reaction is apt to accelerate under the influence of fluctuations of the developer caused by dropping of the rinsing solution.

Abstract: In a microwave plasma processing apparatus, the reflection of microwave by the joint unit between the microwave supplying waveguide and the microwave antenna is reduced by providing a taper surface or a member having a medium permittivity between the microwave supplying waveguide and the microwave antenna so as to moderate an impedance change. Accordingly, the efficiency of power supplying is improved, and reduced discharge ensures stable formation of plasma.

Abstract: Methods and apparata for plasma treatment provide a passage through dielectric material, which may be solid material (such as ceramic) or fluid material (such as appropriate liquids or gels). Electrodes are situated outside and adjacent to the passage, and they apply an electric field within the passage to generate plasma from gas traveling within the passage. The object to be plasma treated is situated within the passage, and process gas is supplied (1) to the passage between the exterior of the object and the surface of the passage walls if plasma treatment of the exterior surface of the object is desired; (2) within the interior of the object (as where the object is a hollow tube) if plasma treatment of the interior of the object is desired; or (3) both outside and inside the object and within the passage if plasma treatment of both exterior and interior surfaces is desired.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a positive voltage spike to a semiconductor substrate pedestal during a portion of a high voltage power bias oscillation cycle to reduce or eliminate the detrimental effects of feature charging during the operation of a plasma reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating the surface with neutral particle beams comprising an antenna container, a plasma generating part, a neutral particle beam generating part and a treating part, wherein the antenna container comprises antennas connected to high frequency electric power supply through which high frequency electric power supplies, the plasma generating part transfers gases from a gas injector into plasmas with the supplied power, the neutral particle beam generating part reverts the obtained plasmas to neutral particle beams via the collision thereof with metal plates, and the treating part treats the surface of a target with the neutral particle beams.

Abstract: The present invention creates a uniform high-density plasma within the plasma processing device, solving the problem of electric field concentration around the center axis of the device. The present invention comprises antennas (0113, 0114) having plural phase-controlled power feed points, which are used to introduce plasma-generating electromagnetic waves into a plasma processing chamber by a mode that does not cause electric field concentration at the center area.

Abstract: An elongated thermal physical vapor deposition source for vaporizing organic materials in forming an OLED on a structure includes an elongated container for receiving vaporizable organic material, and an elongated vaporization heater sealingly disposed over the container. The vaporization heater includes a plurality of vapor efflux apertures formed along an elongated direction of the heater, and arranged to provide improved uniformity of vapor efflux of vaporized organic material along the elongated direction of the source.

Abstract: A device provided with measuring means for measuring a characteristic of at least a part of the body of a preferably living animal and for issuing a measurement signal, the device being provided with determining means for determining the fat content of at least a part of the body from the measurement signal.

Abstract: A device (10′) for storing and dispensing feed (98) to an animal at predetermined times includes enclosure (12) including a plurality of compartments (16), each including a hinged downwardly opening bottom door (17) having a storage position for supporting feed (98) and an open position for dispensing feed (98), a latch assembly (120) including a latch (121) supporting its associated door (17), and a connector (142) for each compartment (16), movable from a storage position to a dispensing position. A connector release assembly (160) includes a trip (162) for disengaging each connector (142), including a movable ratchet bar (61) including cams (163) and rungs (63). Reciprocating assembly (70) includes solenoid (71) moving pull arm (73) for moving ratchet bar (61) and timer (101) for activating solenoid (71) at predetermined times. Down-stop (90) prevents reverse movement of ratchet bar (61). Up-stop (80) limits the upward movement of ratchet bar rung (63).

Abstract: A device and method for creating an improved feeding bowl assembly by attaching a guard device to a pet feeding bowl. The guard device is a bowl shaped guard that is positioned on top of a traditional pet feeding bowl. The guard device prevents food or water from being splashed out of the feeding bowl by the pet. Furthermore, the guard has a diameter that is larger than that of the feeding bowl. As such, the guard device catches drippings from the animal that would not otherwise be caught by the feeding bowl.

Abstract: A new and improved cat outhouse provides for a cleaner and healthier way to care for an indoor cat. The cat outhouse attaches to the exterior of a house and comprises a box-like shelter, a litter pan, and at least one pass-through door so that the cat can enter the litter box from the inside of the house. The outhouse also has a ventilation system which helps to dissipate the smell and dust. Although regular changing of the cat litter is still necessary, the job is much easier and cleaner with the new invention. The cat pan can be removed from a slidable drawer at the bottom of the shelter, or in alternate embodiments, through the top opening of the shelter.

Abstract: A method for establishing a clam bed includes raising clam larvae in a captive environment in which they are provided with adequate food and habitat requirements, and kept isolated from predation by natural predators. The clam larvae are maintained in this environment during the first larval stage, referred to as the trochophore stage of development, when the larvae are particularly vulnerable to mortality. During the next stage of development, the larvae are called veligers. The developing larval clams are released, preferably in large numbers (saturation spawning) at any time during the veliger stage of development, i.e., the generic stage following the trochophore larval stage and which includes the sub-stages of straight-hinge veliger, umbonate veliger, and pediveliger.

Abstract: A cage is provided for holding and transporting livestock. The cage includes a door with a horizontal top rod that slides along a top member of a side grate when opening and closing the door. The cage also includes four lifting lugs to assist in the moving of the cages. Also provided is a method of loading livestock into such a cage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pet chew composition that is ductile and holds inclusions, such as fibers, hard components, and mixtures thereof. Any of a variety of polymeric materials can be used, as long as the resultant pet chew is sufficiently ductile and can hold the tooth-cleaning components in contact with a tooth, while a pet's teeth penetrate the polymer, or as the pet rubs its teeth on the polymer, while gnawing or chewing on the resultant pet chew.

Abstract: A medical record coat for a dog comprises a transparent coat upon which can be marked the location and size of various tumors as they are discovered on the animal's body. The ability to maintain a visual record of the tumor history of the dog allows the treating professional to track the treatment process of the animal. The medical record coat is then maintained as part of the medical history of the animal.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating steam formed from cooling water in a heat exchanger for hot gas, comprising a superheater (9) arranged in the heat exchanger vessel (1), a process for heating steam performed in such an apparatus, and a process for gasification of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock comprising such a process for heating steam.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for in-situ production of hydrogen (H2) by alcohol decomposition for emission reduction from internal combustion engines. Hydrogen is generated by a catalytic process for in-situ production from alcohols, either neat, or in a hydrocarbon mixture, such as gasoline. The in-situ production of hydrogen is achieved using a solid basic catalytic bed provided with the internal combustion engine. The preferred catalyst is a copper (Cu) containing layered double hydroxide (LDH)-derived catalyst, such as a Cu/Al LDH-derived catalyst. At least a portion of an alcohol containing fuel is passed through the catalyst bed to generate hydrogen gas from the alcohol substantially without producing carbon monoxide. The fuel and generated hydrogen gas is injected into the internal combustion engine. Catalytic reactions are provided at temperatures in a range between ambient and 500° C., preferably between 150° C. through 400° C.

Abstract: A vehicle has an internal combustion engine, which includes a reformer that reforms at least a portion of a liquid fuel by a dehydrogenating cyclization reaction to produce a reformed liquid fuel that is rich with aromatic hydrocarbon and has a high octane value as well as a reformed gaseous fuel that is rich with hydrogen. A gas-liquid separator is provided for separating the reformed liquid fuel and the reformed gaseous fuel from each other. Furthermore, a device is provided for supplying at least a portion of the reformed liquid fuel as a fuel to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine fluid injection system uses a fluid rail and a tube in fluid communication with the rail to deliver a fluid to a fluid injector. The fluid injector is inserted into an internal combustion engine intake manifold. A power train control module operates to maintain a preselected fuel to fluid ratio and thereby attain superior fuel economies.

Abstract: A rotary engine, pump or compressor with a framework is provided with intake/exhaust ports in end plates and a rotatably mounted block mounted there-between. In the four cylinder embodiment of this invention, first and second opposing cylinder sets are mounted in the block and each cylinder set includes first and second opposing cylinders with proximal ends and terminal ends with transfer ports disposed to alternately form passageways with the intake and exhaust ports as the cylinders rotate with the block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that permits engine system control such as exhaust valve timing without the use of separate load sensors from the output of a single engine timing sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that permits engine system control such as exhaust valve timing without the use of separate load sensors from the output of a single engine timing sensor.

Abstract: An electromagnetically driven valve control apparatus and method are provided for an electromagnetically driven valve which has a movable element that is driven by cooperation of a spring force and an electromagnetic force, and a valve body engageable with the movable element, and which causes an open-close motion of the valve body due to the movable element engaging with the valve body in accordance with the driving of the movable element. Positional information regarding the movable element is detected, and adjustment of an electromagnetic force for driving the movable element is performed so that the movable element reaches a target operation state based on the positional information detected and a model of the electromagnetically driven valve obtained as a spring-mass vibration system.

Abstract: A valve driving apparatus includes a magnetic flux generating element in which an electromagnetic coil is wound to generate magnetic flux, a magnetic field generating element which has at least two poles to distribute magnetic flux and form at least one magnetic field region, a drive means which includes a magnetic path member, and a magnetized member arranged in accordance with the magnetic field region and having two magnetized faces with mutually different polarity to be connected and moved together with a valve rod united with a valve element. A current supply means supplies driving current to the electromagnetic coil whereby the current has polarities corresponding to either a valve closing direction or a valve opening direction of the valve element. The apparatus reduce impact of valve seating with a simple structure and controls the valve with less power consumption and with precision.

Abstract: A fluid system for an internal combustion engine is provided that is used to supply the operating muscle to engine subsystems. These subsystems include a fuel injection system, an exhaust valve actuation system and an intake valve actuation system. The fluid system is isolated from any other engine fluid system so as to control temperature, cleanliness levels and absorption of combustion byproducts.

Abstract: A valve timing control system for an internal combustion engine includes a housing having and a cover member mounted thereto, a phase adjusting mechanism accommodated in the housing to hydraulically change the rotation phase of a crankshaft and a camshaft, a supply/discharge rod arranged through a through hole of the cover member and connected to the phase adjusting mechanism, a seal ring engaged with the supply/discharge rod to hermetically seal a clearance between the supply/discharge rod and the phase adjusting mechanism, a taper surface formed on the periphery of the through hole to increase the diameter of the through hole toward the outside of the housing, and a protrusion formed with the cover member in a radially inside area thereof to protrude in the axial direction of the system, wherein the through hole is formed at the protrusion.

Abstract: A cold start fuel control system is disclosed for use with an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber, a source of fuel and a primary intake manifold having an inlet and an outlet and fluidly connected between the fuel source and the combustion chamber. The system includes a cold start fuel injector assembly having an inlet and an outlet with the inlet being fluidly connected to the fuel source. An auxiliary intake manifold has an interior chamber which is fluidly connected with each combustion chamber. The outlet from the cold start fuel injector is then fluidly connected to the auxiliary intake manifold so that, upon activation of the cold start fuel injector assembly, a fuel/air is inducted from the cold start fuel injector, through the auxiliary intake manifold and into the engine combustion chambers.

Abstract: In a cooling package for a construction machine, where a cooler (16) from among coolers (15, 16) is disposed separately from an engine (10) and the separately provided cooler (16) includes a screen (19), a lid (30, 50) for covering the screen (19) from above is provided on an upper face of the construction machine independently of a side door (21A, 21B) provided on a side face of the construction machine for covering the cooler (15, 16) from forwardly and an engine hood (22) provided on the upper face of the construction machine for covering the engine (10) and the cooler (15) provided for the engine (10) from above so that, even when the location forwardly of the cooler (16) disposed separately from the engine (10) is occupied by some other apparatus, the screen (19) can be removed or mounted without being disturbed by the apparatus.

Abstract: A rotary gear device comprises a housing a preferably multiple pairs of rotatable meshing gears in coaxial relation defining spaced teeth which extend helically in the direction of the axis of each gear. First chambers are formed by the meshing gears which move substantially longitudinally while shrinking in size to substantially zero volume as they rotate toward a dead center plane. Second chambers are formed between the spaced teeth rotating away from the dead center plane and increasing in volume. Various improvements are provided to this type of device, which may be used as an internal combustion engine, a pump or as a chemical reactor.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for controlling an operating variable of an internal combustion engine are suggested. A controller is provided which, in dependence upon a control deviation, generates an output signal for controlling the operating variable with this output signal being generated in accordance with at least one changing parameter. In dependence upon the operating mode (stratified operation, homogeneous operation, homogeneous lean operation), the value of this at least one parameter is switched over to values adapted specifically to the path in the particular mode of operation.

Abstract: A multi-mode internal combustion engine and method of operating the engine is provided which is capable of operating in a variety of modes based on engine operating conditions to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The multi-mode engine include a fuel delivery system and control system for permitting the engine to operate in a diesel mode, a homogeneous charge dual fuel transition mode, a spark ignition or liquid spark ignition mode and/or a premixed charge compression ignition mode. The control system and method permits the engine operation to transfer between the various modes in an effective and efficient manner by controlling one or more fuel delivery devices or other engine components so as to move along a continuous transfer path while maintaining engine torque at a substantially constant level.

Abstract: A device (10) providing a combined fuel injection and ignition means for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The device (10) comprises a insulator body (25) of ceramic material, a fuel flow path (24) having a section thereof encased in the insulator body (25) and terminating at a delivery port (45) disposed outwardly of the insulator body (25), and, an ignition path (23) having a section encased in the insulator body (25) in a spaced apart relationship with respect to the section of the fuel path (24). The fuel path (24) is defined within a valve structure (33) detachably secured to the insulator body (25) so as to be selectively removable therefrom. The ignition path (23) terminates at an electrode (95) disposed outwardly of the insulator body (25). The insulator body has a nose portion (100) and a skirt portion (69) beyond the delivery port (45).

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, the fuel injection includes at least two injections that are carried out at at least two different injection pressures.

Abstract: An intake port of an internal combustion engine having an intake passage curved to a certain direction and communicated with a combustion chamber of the engine to send air into the combustion chamber, provided with a groove provided in a wall at a side near a center of curvature of said intake passage in the wall defining the intake passage and extending along the flow of air in the intake passage, at least one long edge formed by one side wall of the wall defining said groove and the wall adjoining said side wall in the wall defining the intake passage, extending along the flow of air in the intake passage, and projecting out toward the inside of the intake passage, and a bent part provided at the wall of the side near the center of curvature of the intake passage in the wall defining the intake passage in proximity to a line connecting the intake passage and combustion chamber and extending in a horizontal direction with respect to the flow of air in the intake passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (1) is provided with a three-way catalytic converter (16) which purifies exhaust gas, a spark plug (6) which ignites a gaseous mixture and a throttle (11) which regulates an intake air flow rate. When the engine (1) is started, the ignition timing of the spark plug (6) is retarded based on the difference of the rotation speed Ne from a target idle rotation speed Net. If the engine rotation speed Ne is higher than the target idle rotation speed even after the ignition timing has reached a retard limit, the ignition timing is fixed to the retard limit and the intake air flow rate is reduced through the throttle (11), thereby forcing the engine rotation speed Ne to converge rapidly to the target idling rotation speed Net while maintaining the ignition timing at the retard limit to ensure rapid temperature increase in the converter (16).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a throttle of an electronic throttle control-equipped engine including providing a throttle position feedback signal as a function of integer counts, each of the counts representing a resolution of a predetermined angle of actual throttle position, providing a desired throttle position command as a setpoint value being a function of half counts and generating an error signal representing a difference between the desired throttle position command value and the throttle position feedback signal value. A relay output signal is generated in response to the error signal, the relay output signal having one of two values depending upon a sign of the error signal and a direction of change of the error signal. A throttle actuator command is then generated as a function of the relay output signal value having a half count resolution.

Abstract: An engine electronic control unit is inserted through a through hole provided in an intake pipe and mounted in an intake air passage in a direction substantially perpendicularly with respect to a plane of the intake pipe forming the intake air passage. This unit is then secured to the intake pipe using a fixing flange provided at a connector portion. A fixing rail is protruded inside the intake pipe and leading edges of a metal base and a metal cover of the unit are inserted into this rail, thereby securing in position an end opposite to a side of the connector portion of the unit. This realizes an engine electronic control unit offering an outstanding heat radiation performance and vibration resistance, without having to provide special heat radiating parts or without involving an increase in an intake air resistance within the intake air passage. By using such an engine electronic control unit, it is possible to provide a low-cost, compact engine air intake system.

Abstract: A method for determining the crankshaft position of an internal combustion engine is described with which, in the event of failure of the crankshaft sensor, the crankshaft position may be determined with relative precision at all times. For this purpose, the camshaft position is continuously detected by an absolute angle sensor, preferably in a defined time grid. By analyzing the camshaft positions detected in that way, a value for the instantaneous crankshaft position is determined.

Abstract: Method for the damping of mechanical vibrations in the drive train of an internal combustion engine Method for the damping of mechanical vibrations in the drive train of an internal combustion engine, having the following steps:

Abstract: A method and apparatus that permit anti-knock control without the use of separate knock detectors as well as controlling the basic ignition timing from the output of a single engine speed sensor.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of improved engine system control method and apparatus based on operator demand and rate of change in demand that reduce not only the number of components but also decrease the complexity of the electronic system without requiring a throttle position sensor.