Abstract: A texturing machine for crimping an advancing yarn and which includes a plurality of processing units and a plurality of feed systems. At least one of the feed systems is formed by a driven feed roll and a rotatable guide roll mounted in cantilever fashion on a machine frame, and about which the yarn is looped. A threading device is associated with the rolls for an initial threadup of the yarn before the start of the process, and by which it is possible to lay the advancing yarn against the circumference of the rolls with a total looping greater than 360°.

Abstract: A chain has links made up of pairs of outer and inner plates (11,12) connected respectively by pins (13) and bushes (14) fitted on the pins (13) and projecting through the inner plates. Between the bush and its pin there is a lubricated interface and on each end of the bush (14) is mounted and compressed between an inner and an outer plate an annular seal (15). The seal when not compressed between the plates is generically shaped with a lip (19) projecting towards the axis of the seal. With the chain assembled said lip (19) tends to wedge between the bush (14) and the outer plate to recover the wear on the seal (15).

Abstract: A multi-spool turbofan engine has a plurality of circumferentially spaced poppet valves with diverters secured thereto for precisely controlling bleed of combustion gas aft of the high pressure turbine whereby the high pressure spool operates at high idle RPM so as to power accessories and the low pressure spool operates at low RPM so as to minimize noise and fuel consumption.

Abstract: Abstract: The invention concerns a method and a device for simultaneous regulation of an intake air flow (24) of an internal combustion engine (10) and a secondary air flow (21) in the exhaust system (12) of the internal combustion engine, wherein the secondary air flow is produced by a compressor (20) powered by a tutbine (18). The turbine (18) is mounted in a bypass (16), wherein said bypass is disposed parallel to a throttle valve (14) in the intake tract (11) of the internal combustion engine. The amount (21) of secondary air supplied thereby depends on the position of the throttle valve. In order to provide compensation therefor, a regulating valve (32) is provided, which is connected to the secondary air line (22) by means of a connecting line (34).

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying system includes, an internal combustion engine, an exhaust passage of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, a hydrogen-catalyst provided in the exhaust passage, an NOx purifying catalyst provided on a downstream of the hydrogen-catalyst of the exhaust passage to reduce nitrogen oxides, and a control unit. The hydrogen-catalyst has a function of transmitting or generating hydrogen. In the purifying system, the control unit executes enrichment condition control for reducing an air/fuel ratio (A/F)r during enrichment to prolong a time of enrichment (tr) as a flow rate of exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion engine is lowered in intermittent enrichment of the air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: A method for selecting one of first and second cylinder groups of an internal combustion engine is provided. The first and second cylinder groups are coupled with first and second catalytic converters, respectively. The method includes identifying one of the first and second catalytic converters by comparing first and second catalyst parameters, associated with the first and second catalytic converters, respectively, to one another. The first and second catalyst parameters indicate which one of the catalytic converters is more capable of maintaining reduced emissions while adjusting an engine operational parameter. The method further includes selecting one of the first and second cylinder groups coupled to the identified catalytic converter for changing an-engine operational parameter in the selected cylinder group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a nitrogen oxide (NOx) storage catalytic converter (12′) of an internal combustion engine (1), especially of a motor vehicle, wherein, during a first operating phase of the storage catalytic converter (12′), nitrogen oxides are stored in the storage catalytic converter (12′) and, during a second operating phase, stored nitrogen oxides are discharged from the storage catalytic converter (12′) and, during the first operating phase, the stored quantity of nitrogen oxides is determined. In order to be able to determine start and end of the second operating phase as accurately as possible, it is suggested that a quantity, which characterizes the discharge quantity of nitrogen oxides, is determined during the second operating phase and is compared to the stored quantity of nitrogen oxides determined during the first operating phase.

Abstract: There is provided an exhaust gas purification device (22) comprising a substrate used for purifying components contained in an exhaust gas discharged from an engine. The substrate has partitions (54) which define passages (50,51) and are formed of porous material having fine pores each having a predetermined average size. The end portions of the adjacent partitions (54) defining each of part of the passages (50,51) of the substrate are partially connected to each other such that the end portions (52,53) are tapered toward the outside of the substrate. The tapered end portions partially close the end opening of the corresponding passage and form a small hole (55,56) defined by the tips thereof. The size of each small hole (55,56) is smaller than the cross sectional area of the corresponding passage (50) and larger than the sizes of the fine pores of the partitions (54).

Abstract: An after-treatment system arrangement and method of operating the after-treatment system arrangement is provided for heating the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The after-treatment system arrangement includes an oxidation device for catalytically oxidizing the exhaust gas and a port in the exhaust-gas stream for selectively introducing a controlled amount of oxygen into the exhaust gas in response to a condition of the exhaust gas. The introduction of oxygen can be selectively controlled in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the oxidation device. Simultaneously or alternatively, the introduction of oxygen can be selectively controlled in response to the chemical composition of the exhaust gas. The air-to-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas may also be controlled to further facilitate heating of the exhaust gas. The after-treatment system arrangement can also be controlled to remove pollutant emissions from the exhaust gas.

Abstract: There is described a method of determining the amount of particulate accumulated in a particulate filter, based on determining possible variations in the spatial distribution and/or physical-chemical properties of the particulate as a function of engine operating conditions and past particulate accumulation in the particulate filter. More specifically, to begin with, there are determined and memorized in map form a number of reference values of a parameter defining a relationship between the amount of particulate accumulated in the particulate filter and the pressure drop across the particulate filter, each of the reference values relating to a respective steady engine operating condition in which particulate is accumulated in the particulate filter.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of a diesel engine, comprising: operating said diesel engine using as the fuel a water-diesel fuel emulsion; and contacting the exhaust gas from said diesel engine with an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: In an exhaust manifold of a four-cylinder engine four cylinders of which line up in order of cylinder #1, cylinder #2, cylinder #3 and cylinder #4, temperature rise performance of a manifold catalyst improves by shortening a total length of the exhaust manifold while preventing exhaust gas interference between the cylinders. Therefore, an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #1 and an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #4 in outward sides of the engine that are not fired in succession are made convergent with its convergence angle &thgr;1 being equal to or below 20 degrees to form a first convergent exhaust manifold branch and an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #2 and an exhaust manifold branch of cylinder #3 between the cylinder #1 and cylinder #4 that are not fired in succession are made convergent at a minimum distance having a laterally projected shape to form a second convergent exhaust manifold branch.

Abstract: My concept of using pressurized water to generate electric power is more efficient and is environmentally friendly than other methods in use today. Thrust from water flow would produce torque by rotating the turbine which is connected to an electric generator. I believe this method to be more efficient than steam, internal combustion, or coal burning methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling and filling a hydrodynamic clutch (2), whereby the hydrodynamic clutch (2) comprises at least two blade wheels that, together, form a toroidal working space, to which at least one supply line (30) and one discharge line (32) are assigned. According to the inventive method, a set variable can be preset for a variable, which at least indirectly characterizes the functional state of the hydrodynamic clutch (2) and which serves as an input variable of a control device (8) assigned to the associated lubricant or operating material supply system (4). The control device comprises a pressure balance for controlling an adjusting device for influencing the operating material supply of the hydrodynamic clutch (2).

Abstract: A hydraulically operated drive system for mini-loaders and like machines is disclosed. The system incorporates hydraulically operated wheels or sprocket/track arrangements as well as auxiliary functional mechanisms. Tandem hydraulic pumps are used, each one thereof being connected to a multiple spool series valve, providing two separated hydraulic circuits, each of which has a separate relief valve. Each multiple spool series valve controls a wheel motor and a loader/lift or like function. Each multiple spool series valve includes a single-acting spool connected to a common spool valve to provide auxiliary power control.

Abstract: An hydraulic power assembly 10 is provided, including at least one primary hydraulic power unit 20 supplying hydraulic fluid 30 to a hydraulic system 34, and a contingency hydraulic power unit 50 utilizing the orbiter's helium storage tank 52 to power a contingency hydraulic drive 56 to supply hydraulic fluid 30 from a contingency hydraulic fluid reserve 58 to the hydraulic system 34 during peak loading conditions.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus for being mounted on the body frame of a vehicle and for independently rotating drive wheel members. The axle driving apparatus includes a first axle driving unit (18L) having a housing (40) and a single axle (20L), the single axle (20L) defining a proximal end portion rotatably mounted in the housing (40) and a distal end portion extending outwardly from a first side of the housing (40). An enlarged region is defined by the housing (40), with the enlarged region extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the single axle (20L). A hydraulic stepless speed change assembly (22) is disposed within the enlarged region. The speed change assembly (22) includes a hydraulic pump (52) having an input shaft (21) projecting from the enlarged region and includes a hydraulic motor (55) including an output shaft (74) drivingly connected to the single axle (20L).

Abstract: The wave force machine as such is constructed in such a way that it is capable of utilizing the upward force from the waves with (FIG. 1) the force from float (1) and rocker arm (3) via rocker pipe (4), wherein 1 or more lock bearings are provided, which transfer the upward force causing the driving force shaft (8) to rotate in the same direction. On each driving force shaft (8) may be one after the other of mounted float, rocker arm and rocker arm pipe with lock bearings after the other, and several driving force shafts (FIG. 6) (6.7,8 and 9) may be interconnected both horizontally and vertically to toothed wheel (1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) shown here with 4 driving force shafts, but in principle any number of shafts may be interconnected. The total force from the driving force shafts may be brought to gearbox and electric generator and used in electricity production. 3 wave force machines may e.g. be interconnected to form e.g.

Abstract: A Stirling engine (10, 50, 72) comprising at least one working piston (52) and at least one displacement piston (4), wherein for a power control by means of the transmission of the linear movement of a drive part (2) into the linear movement of a driven part (8), a lever (5) articulately connected to the drive part and the driven part (2, 8) is provided, which lever has an associated displaceable pivot point (7), the bearing point of the lever (5) traveling on the pivot point (7) according to a curve during movement transmission.

Abstract: A turbocharger comprises a center housing, and a shaft positioned therein having a first end and a second end. A turbine housing is attached to one side of the center housing and has a turbine wheel disposed therein that is coupled to the first end of the shaft. A first variable geometry member is disposed within the turbine housing between an exhaust gas inlet and the turbine wheel. A compressor housing is attached to another side of the center housing opposite the turbine housing, and includes a compressor impeller disposed therein. The compressor impeller is coupled to the second end of the shaft. A second variable geometry member is disposed within the compressor housing, and is interposed between an air outlet and the compressor impeller. An actuator assembly is disposed within the turbocharger and is connected to both of the variable geometry members to provide simultaneous actuation of the same.

Abstract: High-efficiency combustion engines, including Otto cycle engines, use a steam-diluted fuel charge at elevated pressure. Air is compressed, and water is evaporated into the compressed air via the partial pressure effect using waste heat from the engine. The resultant pressurized air-steam mixture then burned in the engine with fuel, preferably containing hydrogen to maintain flame front propagation. The high-pressure, steam-laden engine exhaust is used to drive an expander to provide additional mechanical power. The exhaust can also be used to reform fuel to provide hydrogen for the engine combustion. The engine advantageously uses the partial pressure effect to convert low-grade waste heat from engine into useful mechanical power. The engine is capable of high efficiencies (e.g.>50%), with minimal emissions.

Abstract: A power generating system (110) comprising a heat source (116) and an incremental vapor generator system (112) operatively associated with the heat source (116). The incremental vapor generator system (112) includes a first heating section (136) and a second heating section (138). The first heating section (136) receives a mixed working fluid (114) and generates a first heated working fluid stream comprising a vapor portion (120) and a liquid portion. The second heating section (138) is operatively associated with the first heating section (136) and receives the liquid portion from the first heated working fluid stream. The second heating section (138) generates a second heated working fluid stream comprising a vapor portion (122). An energy conversion device (126) operatively associated with the incremental vapor generator system (112) converts into useful work heat energy contained in the vapor portions (120, 122) of the first and second heated working fluid streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic control circuit for a radial piston engine with two speeds. The changeover between the speeds takes place through the alteration of the absorption volume, the delivery side (22, 122, 222) being connected to the discharge side (24, 124, 224, 324) with a bypass connection by means of a valve arrangement 830, 130, 230, 330, 430) for a selected number of engine pistons. The aim of the invention is to provide a particularly space-saving means of ensuring that the changeover between speeds occurs smoothly and in such a manner as to preserve the individual components as far as possible. To this end, at least one intermediate switching position (230-Z; 330-Z2; 330-Z3), in which the delivery side (22, 122, 222) is throttled to the discharge side (24, 124, 224, 324), i.e. connected via a diaphragm-type arrangement (231; A1; A2; 282; 284-A; 284-B; 286-B; 382-2; 384-2), is provided in front of valve arrangement (30, 130, 230, 330, 430) between the two end switching positions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas turbine combustor which makes it possible to achieve both a high combustion efficiency and low NOx emissions characteristics over a wide output power range without using a device that can vary the flow rate of the air used for combustion, by burning a lean mixture using high-temperature burned gas. The gas turbine combustor 10 comprises pre-mixture injection tubes 16 which conduct a mixture of fuel and air into a combustion chamber 11. The mixture from the pre-mixture injection tubes 16 is injected toward burned gas 19a present on the downstream side of the flame 19, which is injected from burners 15 that open into the combustion chamber 11, and this mixture is mixed with the burned gas 19a. Even in a mixture which is leaner than the lower limit of inflammability, the radicals in the burned gas 19a are effective in initiating reactions, so that the combustion of the mixture can be started.

Abstract: A multi-hole cooled combustor liner is provided which reduces hot streaks and associated material distress in the liner. Areas of increased cooling hole density are disposed upstream of the primary dilution holes and in circumferential alignment with fuel cup centers. Additional cooling holes are provided in between primary dilution holes are arranged in alternating pairs of circumferentially angled holes so as to provide a converging cooling air flow in the downstream direction.

Abstract: A method of operating a turbine arranged in a compressed air energy storage power generation plant comprises an open-loop control of an air mass flow applied within a lower turbine speed range and a closed-loop control of the turbine speed within a higher turbine speed range. The open-loop control comprises the control of the air mass flow by means of air inlet valves and a free development of the turbine speed. The closed-loop control comprises the control of the turbine speed by means of a speed controller, which is acted upon by a speed limiting value determined according to the current air mass flow and a windage calculation. The speed controller activates a static frequency converter in the case that the turbine speed reaches values that are critical with respect to turbine windage or rotor dynamics.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve a method for the primary control so that reserve power that is practically completely available for the effective frequency boost within seconds is available also in the steam turbine part of a gas/steam turbine installation. To this end, the pressure stage is operated with a control valve (6, 7, 8) that is throttled to such an extent that a frequency boost power reserve is built up. Said power reserve is used for frequency boosting in the event of an underfrequency by correcting the desired value depending on the underfrequency. Said corrected value corresponds to an effective area of flow that is increased vis-à-vis the throttled condition of the control valve (6, 7, 8) and acts on the effective area of flow of the control valve (6, 7, 8) with an impressed signal that approaches zero after a predetermined time.

Abstract: The compressor discharge air that normally leaks from the high pressure compressor hub and a portion of the compressor discharge air that is utilized for component cooling, is re-routed to by-pass the engine's TOBI to flow into a manifold defined by the stator support structure and a foot of the first turbine vane to the inner diameter platform of the first turbine vane of the high pressure turbine section to cool the aft end thereof before being discharged into the engine's main gaseous stream.

Abstract: A transition piece (10) for non-annular gas turbine combustion chambers has a projecting connection arm (22) for support on the turbine stator, wherein the projecting connection arm (22) makes it possible to obtain a lead-in axis with an angle of between 5° and 7° relative to an axis, which is parallel to the axis of the machine, and is perpendicular to the plane on which there lies the frame for interfacing of the transition piece (10) with the ring of nozzles of the first stage of the gas turbine.

Abstract: An object is to improve the operational reliability of a gas turbine by suppressing thermal stress and thermal deformation acting on the rotor of the gas turbine. The gas turbine has a rotor shaft constructed by arranging, in an axial direction in turn, a plurality of discs each having a plurality of combustion gas-driven moving blades annularly arranged on the peripheral portion and spacers arranged between the discs, and is characterized in that gap portions are formed between a region, on the rotor shaft center portion side, of the above-mentioned discs facing the spacers and spacers adjacent thereto, contact surfaces are formed both of which contact on both a region, on the rotor peripheral side, of the above-mentioned discs facing the spacers and adjacent spacers thereto, and a third flow path leading fluid to the above-mentioned gap portions is provided.

Abstract: A hydrogen containing nanostructure is provided, where the hydrogen is adsorbed to the nanostructure by physisorption. The nanostructure includes light elements, selected from the second and third rows of the periodic table. The nanostructure is formed as a layered network of light elements coupled with covalent sp2 bonds. The chemical composition of the nanostructure can be such that the desorption temperature of hydrogen is greater than the liquefaction temperature of nitrogen, 77 K. Further, a hydrogen storage system is provided, including a container and a nanostructured storage material within the container, wherein the nanostructured storage material includes light elements, and the nanostructured storage material is capable of adsorbing hydrogen by physisorption. The hydrogen storage system can include a liquid nitrogen based cooling system, capable of cooling the nanostructured storage material below the desorption temperature of hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the reclamation of atmospheric water with the help of a water reclamation chamber (1) with water reclamation cells (2) and variable high-performance blowers (3). In this occurs by means of cooling collectors (6) during the nighttime the cooling of a coolant stored in a cooling reservoir (7), and during the daytime operation by means of solar collectors (8) occurs the heating of a further fluid stored in a heat reservoir, whereby the coolant that is cooled during the night for the purpose of water reclamation cools by day and/or night the cooling registers through which air flows. At these cooling registers, the air is dehumidified whereby the heat-accumulating fluid by day and/or by night is used for the generation of energy for the operation of the equipment and/or for the extraction of water.

Abstract: A refrigerant circuit (10) is formed by connecting, in the order given, a compressor (11), a four-way selector valve (12), an outdoor heat exchanger (13), an expansion valve (14), and an indoor heat exchanger (15) by a gas side pipe (31) and a liquid side pipe (32). The refrigerant circuit (10) is charged with a single refrigerant of R32 or with an R32/R125 mixed refrigerant whose R32 content is not less than 75% by weight. As a refrigeration oil, a synthetic oil is used, and such a refrigeration oil has an addition of an extreme pressure additive. When cooling rated capacity is not more than 5 kW, the liquid side pipe (32) is formed by use of a pipe whose inside diameter is less than 4.75 mm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to heat exchangers for process tools and, in particular, to semiconductor process tools incorporating heat exchangers. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a semiconductor process tool heat exchange system. The system includes a heat exchange system and a semiconductor process tool comprising an inlet and an outlet defining a flow path. The heat exchange system includes a compressor fluidly connected to the outlet, a condenser fluidly connected to the compressor and to the inlet, an expander positioned between the condenser and the outlet, and a heat exchange fluid. Examples of process tools suitable for use in this system include cathodes, cold plates, thermal chucks, and the like. In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method of exchanging heat in a semiconductor process tool.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a method for operating the same. The refrigerator comprises a single media controller installed on a single board together with a refrigerator microcomputer, which controls the entire operation of the refrigerator, for not only displaying information regarding internal environments of the refrigerator on a display unit installed on the outer surface of the refrigerator, but also connecting the refrigerator to an external network, such as the Internet, to enable a user to access the Internet through the refrigerator. Therefore, the refrigerator can be reduced in its assembling time and manufacturing cost and be increased in its assembling efficiency.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for cooling a logic module includes an evaporator housing including an evaporator block in thermal communication with the logic module. The evaporator housing includes a humidity sensor for detecting a humidity within the evaporator housing. The system further comprises a controller for controlling a refrigeration unit supplying cold refrigerant to the evaporator block in response to the operating conditions of the logic module and the temperature of the evaporator block. In another aspect of the invention, two modular refrigeration units are independently operable to cool the evaporator block, and each refrigeration unit is controllable in various modes of operation including an enabled mode in which it is ready to cool the evaporator and an on mode in which it is actively cooling the evaporator. In another aspect of the invention, the evaporator block and a heater on a reverse side of the circuit board are particularly controlled during concurrent repair operations.

Abstract: A compressor is used in an automotive air conditioner to compress a refrigerant gas. The compressor includes a first compression mechanism driven by an automobile engine and a second compression mechanism driven by an electric motor. The first and the second compression mechanisms are connected in series to each other with respect to a flow of the refrigerant gas. Preferably, the first compression mechanism is disposed on a downstream side of the second compression mechanism with respect to the flow of the refrigerant gas.

Abstract: A refrigerator which is capable of being connected to the Internet and performing a variety of multimedia functions, and a method for controlling the same. A multimedia controller which controls the multimedia functions of the refrigerator is driven under the control of a refrigerator controller which controls refrigerating and freezing environments of the refrigerator. Even when an accident, such as a power failure or etc., occurs, the multimedia controller is given time in which it can be normally or closed down or ended. Therefore, a warning window is not displayed on a display unit of the refrigerator upon the driving of the multimedia controller, thus reassuring a user that the refrigerator has not failed.

Abstract: An air conditioner having an air blower (1) for air blowing, a front heat exchanger (2) and a rear heat exchanger (3) respectively provided on the front side and the rear side of an indoor unit (10) so as to surround the air blower (1) and for carrying out heat exchange between the indoor air and a refrigerant, a rear drain pan (11) provided under this rear heat exchanger (3) and for receiving drained water, and an air blower air path (4) formed around the air blower (1) and narrowed near the front end portion of the drain pan (11). The lower portion of the rear heat exchanger (3) is located rearward in comparison with the upper portion of the rear heat exchanger (3) so as to be inclined backward.

Abstract: A refrigerator is improved in storage environment by suppressing drying and oxidation and enhanced in volume efficiency and cooling efficiency. The refrigerator includes a refrigerating chamber, a vegetable chamber, and a freezing chamber in order from its top to its bottom. Cool air is introduced into the freezing chamber by a first cooler and a first fan, and is introduced into the refrigerating chamber by a second cooler and a second fan. These chambers function as a direct cooling chamber. The vegetable chamber functions as an indirect cooling chamber cooled by a cooling plate which is disposed at the top of the chamber and has a large thermal conductivity, which is cooled by forced convection by the second cooler and the second fan, producing the effects of low temperature radiation and natural convection in the chamber.

Abstract: A portable ice chest used for maintaining its contents in a cooled or frozen state for an extended period of time. The ice chest includes an insulated cover with an inner compartment and an insulated container with a bottom compartment. The cover is adapted to fit airtight upon the top opening of the container. To maintain the contents of the ice chest in a frozen state, a refrigerant coolant such as dry ice is placed in the inner compartment only. To maintain the contents of the ice chest in a refrigerated state, a refrigerant coolant such as dry ice is placed in the bottom compartment only. Additionally, when no dry ice is placed in either compartments, the present invention can be used as a regular ice chest.

Abstract: By using a core made of laminated sheets of inorganic fibers having a particular shape and composition as part of a vacuum heat insulator for a heat insulation box, a heat insulation box excellent in long-term heat insulating properties and productivity can be provided. The vacuum heat insulator can be shaped easily. Therefore, a vacuum heat insulator suitable for a required heat insulation portion can be produced easily and applied to a heat insulation box. This property can increase coverage of the vacuum heat insulator on the heat insulation box, thus improving heat insulating properties of the heat insulation box. This can improve heat insulating properties and productivity of a refrigerator, thermal storage box, cold storage box, or vending machine, and contribute to energy savings.

Abstract: There is provided an ammonia absorption type water chilling/heating device in which a generator 22 generating by use of heat source a high pressure ammonia gas 21 from an ammonia aqueous solution 11, a rectifier 28 performing the gas-liquid separation into the ammonia gas 21 and a dilute ammonia solution 9, a condenser 23 condensing the ammonia gas 21 after separation, an evaporator 24 utilizing the cooling action generated when vaporizing an ammonia solution 94 after condensation, and an absorber 25 making the ammonia gas 21 after vaporization to be absorbed in an ammonia aqueous solution are successively disposed from the top in the described order, so that the dilute ammonia solution 9 is transferred by gravitation; and in the central portions of these components, there is arranged a solution pipe 30 through which the ammonia aqueous solution 11 is compressively transferred from the absorber 25 to the generator 22.

Abstract: This invention relates to a refrigeration method and processes that employ a nontoxic and environmentally benign, oil-free refrigerant in a novel vapor-compression thermodynamic cycle that includes a means for enhancing cooling capacity and efficiency. A means of controlling of the process conditions and flow of the refrigerant are provided. The refrigerant in the invention in used in a transcritical cycle.

Abstract: A refrigeration system including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator connected in a closed circuit through which a refrigerant is circulated. Liquid refrigerant is injected between an outlet of the compressor and an inlet of the condenser using a vacuum generator in which the vacuum is created by the geometry of the device and the dynamic properties of fluid flow therein, thereby allowing the refrigerant to be cooled at a temperature close to its saturation temperature when it enters the condenser without the need for a costly pump having moving parts. The vacuum may be produced by vortex flow of the superheated vapor output of the compressor, by flow of the superheated vapor through the throat of a venturi device, or in any other comparable manner. The refrigeration system may employ a single refrigerant or a mixture of refrigerants such as R-134a, R-32 and R-125.

Abstract: An oil repellent film 31a is formed on an inner wall of the tube 31. By the formation of the oil repellent film 31a, it becomes possible to prevent refrigerating machine oil remaining in the evaporator 30. Therefore, a sufficiently large quantity of refrigerating machine oil can be returned to the compressor, and the occurrence of seizing of the compressor can be prevented. As it is possible to prevent refrigerating machine oil remaining in the evaporator 30, while a reduction in the coefficient of heat transfer between refrigerant and the tube is being prevented, it is possible to prevent a substantial sectional area of the refrigerant path of the tube 31 from decreasing. Therefore, an increase in the pressure loss in the evaporator 30 can be prevented. Accordingly, the heat absorbing property of the evaporator 30 can be enhanced.

Abstract: A method of treating gaseous waste from an optical fiber preform fabrication unit containing halogenated compounds includes a step of forming a liquid effluent from the gaseous waste by condensing the gaseous waste. The gaseous waste is preferably condensed by cooling it. Plant for implementing the method includes a condenser and a container for collecting condensate. The condenser is preferably a refrigerating device. The plant can further include a soot box.

Abstract: An electronic article of jewellery comprising a plurality of jewels that can be illuminated uniformly using a single light source is described. The article of jewellery comprises a chamber with the plurality of jewels to be illuminated being provided in a wall of the chamber. An artificial light source such as a tri-colour LED module, is provided within the chamber along with a light diffusing element. The light source and the light diffusing element, are positioned such that light rays emitted from the light source are diffused by interaction with the light diffusing element, before reaching the plurality of jewels to be illuminated.

Abstract: A burner and a method for producing an inorganic soot such as silica comprising a plurality of substantially planar layers having multiple openings therethrough formed by a micromachining process. The openings are in fluid communication with a precursor inlet and a gas inlet to permit the gas and the precursor to flow through and exit the burner. The burner produces a flame from a combustible gas in which the precursor undergoes a chemical reaction to form the soot.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shaped body and a method for producing such shaped bodies which have substantially more favourable physical and chemical properties and which can be used advantageously thereby in the most varied of application fields, particularly in the construction industry. The shaped bodies should be produced at low cost and higher strengths should be achieved than conventional materials, with as low bulk densities as possible. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the shaped body is formed exclusively from lightweight aggregates which are sintered together. The lightweight aggregates are selected thereby from expanded glass granulate, expanded clay granulate, or thermally pre-expanded perlite or also from mixtures thereof. They are produced from the lightweight aggregate in granulate form, having a residual expanding agent content of at least 0.1% by mass.