Abstract: Unleaded blend compositions, as well as formulated gasolines containing them have a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising either:

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a process for the elimination of sulphur compounds from the gasoline fraction, characterized in that it comprises carrying out an oxidation reaction of said sulphur compounds using at least one organic-inorganic composite as a catalyst which comprises at least:

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha streams containing sulfur and olefins. A substantially olefins-free naphtha stream is blended with an olefins/sulfur-containing naphtha stream and hydrodesulfurized resulting in the substantial removal of sulfur without excessive olefin saturation.

Abstract: A method for treating tar separated from a liquid containing an aromatic hydroxybenzene obtained by acidolysis of a liquid containing an aromatic hydroperoxide, which comprises dissolving the tar with an alkaline aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of beneficiating coal in a dry process includes separating raw coal from a coal mine into coal fines and larger pieces of coal using pressurized air, separating the larger pieces of coal according to size, removing ash from the larger pieces of coal on an air table, and further removing ash from the larger pieces of coal using a size-discriminating device to obtain a beneficiated coal product. The invention also includes an apparatus for the dry beneficiation of coal. The apparatus includes at least one air separating device, at least one air table, and at least one first and second shakers which separate the coal by size and remove ash from the coal. The air table effectively removes ash from infed coal without the need for a fluidizing media.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for handling logs provide for the automatic accumulation of logs into separate groups within associated bins. Each group of logs preferably corresponds exclusively to a given set of log characteristics. When a predetermined quantity of logs has accumulated within a given bin, that group of logs can be released from the given bin for further processing, such as sawing. When the apparatus and methods incorporate a sawing apparatus or sawing operation, respectively, all of the logs within a given group can be sawn with the same sawing solution, wherein the gap between each successive log can be significantly reduced or eliminated, thus increasing the rate at which logs are sawn.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for optically sorting and/or manipulating carbon nanotubes by creating an optical dipole trap with a focused light source (e.g., a laser) are described in detail herein. In one representative embodiment, light from the light source may be directed onto a mixture of carbon nanotubes, the mixture including a target class of carbon nanotubes having dimensions (e.g., length and diameter) corresponding to particular electronic properties suitable for an application. By identifying a resonant condition corresponding to the target class of carbon nanotubes, and tuning the light source substantially to the resonant condition, an optical dipole trap may be created to attract carbon nanotubes of the target class to allow manipulation and/or sorting of the target class of carbon nanotubes from the mixture, or rotation of the nanotubes via rotation of a plane of polarization of the light, in an embodiment.

Abstract: Device for separating fine fractions and coarse fractions from bulk goods, comprising a frame and a screen plane supported by it for supporting the coarse fraction and allowing the fine fraction to pass through, the screen plane being formed by a number of screen disks, that have been arranged in groups and detachably on rotating driven shafts, the shafts on both sides being bearing mounted with bearing ends in first and second bearings on the frame and at at least one end being in driven engagement with driving means, the bearing ends being divided into a shaft member permanent to the shaft and a bearing member bearing mounted in the first and second bearings on the frame, which bearing member inter-engages with the permanent shaft member for co-rotation therewith, wherein in both bearing ends the permanent shaft member and the bearing member can be coupled to each other and can be uncoupled from each other by a movement of the shaft transverse to the main direction of the shaft.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for circulating coolant liquid between machine tools and a coolant filtering unit through an overhead return line. A small stream of clean coolant is diverted to a flush tank and the tank is pressurized, e.g., with compressed air. Periodic release of the pressurized liquid from the flush tank through the overhead return line flushes deposited chips and other sediments from the return line.

Abstract: The bar screen of the present invention includes a bar rack and a cleaning rake. The bar rack includes a plurality of aligned bars and is adapted to be at least partially positioned within the channeled water. The cleaning rake is movably coupled to the bar rack and includes a plurality of tooth segments. Each tooth segment includes a base portion and a plurality of teeth. The base portion is coupled to the cleaning rake, and the plurality of teeth is connected to the base portion. Each tooth of the plurality of teeth is adapted to be inserted between adjacent bars on the bar rack to remove debris that has accumulated on the upstream side of the bar rack. The teeth are breakable from the base when the teeth engage immovable debris trapped within the bar rack.

Abstract: A fluid filter assembly includes a shroud containing a filter module. A fluid pump is coupled to the shroud and operated to draw transmission fluid from a fluid reservoir in a transaxle housing into the shroud and through the filter module in the shroud to produce a stream of filtered transmission fluid to be pumped to a transmission or other destination in the transaxle housing. The shroud includes a filter housing containing the filter module and a mount flange cantilevered to the filter housing and adapted to mate with the fluid pump.

Abstract: A chromatography system including a chromatography column connected to receive a sample and separate different compounds in the sample, a flow-through detector that outputs a signal indicating the presence of compounds in the sample leaving the column, a fraction collector that directs fractions of the sample from the column to separate fraction wells, and an electronic controller that receives inputs from the detector and controls the fraction collector. The electronic controller monitors the signal from the detector over time and initiates a cut from one well to another at the fraction collector when the signal over time experiences a shoulder where the slope of the signal over time does not change in sign but does change by more than a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A chromatographic device comprises a tube, a chromatographic medium, a piston assembly, and a locking mechanism. The tube comprises first and second opposite ends and an inner surface. The inner surface of the tube at least in part defines an intermediate region. The intermediate region is generally between the first and second ends. The chromatographic medium is within the intermediate region. The piston assembly is within the tube and is positioned generally between the first end of the tube and the chromatographic medium. The piston assembly defines a passage for flow of process fluid. The piston assembly comprises a piston body portion. The locking mechanism is adjacent the piston assembly and is in engagement with the inner surface of the tube in a manner to prevent movement of the piston assembly relative to the tube axially toward the first end of the tube without preventing movement of the piston assembly relative to the tube axially toward the second end of the tube.

Abstract: A device and method for selectively establishing predetermined orbits, relative to an axis, for ions of a first mass/charge ratio (m1), requires crossing an electric field with a substantially uniform magnetic field (E×B). The magnetic field is oriented along the axis and the electric field has both a d.c. voltage component (∇&PHgr;0) and an a.c. voltage component (∇&PHgr;1). In operation, voltage &PHgr;0 is fixed to place the ions m1 on confined orbits around the axis when &PHgr;1 is zero. On the other hand, when &PHgr;1 is tuned to a predetermined value, the ions m1 are ejected away from the axis. With E×B established in a chamber, the ions m1 will pass through the chamber when on confined orbits (&PHgr;1=0), and they will be ejected into the wall of the chamber when on unconfined orbits (&PHgr;1=predetermined value).

Abstract: Length-adjustable end caps and filter cartridges including the same are provided. In preferred embodiments, the length-adjustable end caps include a stationary ring member which unitarily includes an annular lip seal, and a connection member in moveable sealing contact with said lip seal. Most preferably, the lip seal is a segment of a conical surface. The stationary ring member preferably includes a connection flange which defines an annular recess concentric with, but spaced from, the unitary lip seal. An annular spacer ring received within said recess. During thermal bonding of the connection flange to an end of a generally cylindrical filter medium, the spacer ring and the end of the filter medium will both be melded to respective adjacent portion of the connection flange.

Abstract: In previous netting systems using disposable netting frames, the wooden frame may become jammed in the diverter frame. The present invention provides a rigid frame for installing and holding the wooden netting frame in the diverter frame and which releases the wooden frame for disposal.

Abstract: A multi-layer filter, wherein a filter medium inside a rotatable or swingable horizontal drum (3) is formed in a multi-layer shape with a single or a combined grading, specific gravity, and characteristic of filter medium desirably according to the purpose of treatment and washed with raw water while rubbing the filter medium by rorating or swinging the drum (3) so that contaminent can be removed to surely recover the filter medium at each layer, a raw water inflow tube (5) and a filtered water outflow tube (7) are formed in a shape of double-pipe, a sandproof means and a filter medium agitating means are installed on both or either of the tubes, and a cleaning means and an adhesion prevention means for preventing seaweed from adhering to the inside wall of the drum (3) are installed between a filter net (15) and the inside wall of the drum (3), whereby a structure can be simplified, controllability and maintainability can be facilitated, production cost and maintenance cost can be reduced, and durability and

Abstract: The present invention relates to filter devices and methods of using such devices for mechanical, chemical and biological filtration pond and/or aquarium water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and method for the treatment of effluent with activated sludge in suspension, for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus and for simultaneous sludge stabilisation. An activated chamber (5, 6) is provided with a fermentation zone (5), a denitrification zone (6) and a nitrification zone (7), whereby the fermentation zone (5) and the denitrification zone (6) in the activated chamber (5, 6), are separated by scum boards (3) and overflow barriers (4) in the direction of flow, giving rise to ascending flow and descending flow chambers in the anaerobic fermentation zone (5) and the denitrification zone (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a purified solid powder from highly concentrated, semi-liquid, high viscous solutions containing one or more solutes and a first solvent. The method comprises contacting the highly concentrated solution with a second solvent under high shear mixing, wherein the second solvent is miscible with the first solvent and wherein the solute has very low solubility or no solubility at all in the second solvent. Thereby a suspension of purified fine particles is obtained which can be easily separated to obtain a fine powder of the solute.

Abstract: The present invention is for method and means for purification of water using reversed osmosis. Water is forced through a membrane element (10) under pressure, which is obtained by a high pressure pump (2), where the water which is supplied to the element (10) is both from the outside supplied, unpurified water and internally circulated water that has passed by the element at its inlet side. The high pressure pump operates intermittently and the quantity of water that is circulated internally is at least as large as the quantity of water that is supplied from the outside. After that the pressure has been reduced there is a time delayed flush cleaning of the element (10) by flushing with water that is supplied from outside.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring and/or controlling membrane separation systems or processes are provided. The present invention utilizes measurable amounts of inert fluorescent tracers and tagged fluorescent agents added to a feed stream to evaluate and/or control one or more parameters specific to membrane separation such that performance thereof can be optimized. The methods and systems of the present invention can be utilized in a variety of different industrial applications including raw water processing and waste water processing.

Abstract: A composite semipermeable membrance of the present invention comprises a thin film and a porous support membrane supporting the thin film, wherein the thin film includes polyamide based resin having a constituent unit with amide bond between diamine residue and di or tri carboxylic acid residue, in which nitrogen atom of the amide bond has a substituent of aromatic ring. A production method of this invention includes a contacting step of contacting the above composite semipermeable membrane with solution including an oxidizer. In addition, a water treatment method of this invention comprises a step of separating a raw water by a composite semipermeable membrane to obtain permeation water in which salt and/or organic substance is removed sufficiently in practical use, characterized in that the composite semipermeable membrane of this invention is used and a fungicide is added into the raw water.

Abstract: The present invention provides an innovative method based on reaction cum separation on single plate concept for efficient evaluation of porphyrins, calix(4)pyrroles and allied macrocycles by in-situ synthesis from pyrrole with aromatic aldehydes and ketones over zeolite based molecular sieve catalysts as sorbents in thin layer chromatography (TLC) using microwave heating. This glass backed zeolite coated TLC plate acts as a micro reactor as well as separator for the in-situ synthesis and chromatographic separation of macrocycles. The process is simple, economical, rapid, selective and finds a possible application in high throughput parallel synthesis and screening on a single micro plate employing microwave irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silicone derivatized macromolecule that is supported on a particulate support or a separation membrane and method for making that composition. The silicon-derivatized macromolecule can also be combined with chiral ligands or chelated metals. The applications for the silicone derivatized macromolecule variety including use in HPLC separations, in purification process and in personal care formulations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of arsenic free water and an apparatus therefor. The present invention also relates to a porous ceramic useful for pressure filtration in order to produce arsenic free water. The present invention particularly relates to a process for preparing arsenic free (<10 ppb) water from arsenic contaminated ground water and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A tank [A] has a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a closure [B] wherein the tank may be positioned in line as a pressure vessel. A magnetic core assembly includes elongated permanent magnets [C] and magnet covers or tubes [D] constructed of non-magnetic material for collecting magnetic particles from a liquid. The core assembly is carried in the tank and is removable after the separate closure is removed from the tank. The method contemplates separating the magnets from the tubes for removal of the magnetic particles from the magnetic core assembly externally of the tank and independently of the closure.

Abstract: A device for separating the constituents of a multi-constituent material includes a substantially cylindrical plasma chamber and two, axially opposed plasma injectors. The injectors convert the multi-constituent material into a multi-species plasma and inject the multi-species plasma into a core portion of the plasma chamber. Ions in the plasma diffuse from the core portion to an annular volume within the chamber where the ions are separated according to their respective mass to charge ratios. To effect separation, electrodes and coils are provided to establish crossed electric and magnetic fields in the annular volume. With the crossed electric and magnetic fields, low-mass ions in the annular volume are placed on small orbit trajectories and drift axially for capture at the ends of the plasma chamber. High-mass ions in the annular volume are placed on large orbit trajectories for capture at the cylindrical wall of the chamber.

Abstract: A grit-and-grease removal system includes a grit channel for degritting water by promoting settling of grit to the bottom of the channel, the grit being removed from the bottom of the channel by a traveling bridge-type grit removal device supporting a submerged grit pump. The system further includes an elongate grease channel arranged to receive degritted water from the grit channel, and having a plurality of grease skimmer pipes extending across the channel above the water level. The grease skimmer pipes are spaced apart along the length of the grease channel, and each grease skimmer pipe includes a plurality of fluid discharge orifices or nozzles spaced along the length of the pipe and oriented to blow fluid obliquely onto the water surface in the direction of a discharge end of the grease channel so as to move grease floating on the surface to the discharge end.

Abstract: An iodine purification process comprising; a source of fluid; means for delivery of iodine to the source of fluid for use in the purification process; the process further comprising means for recovery of the iodine and/or iodine and/or other iodine species derived from the iodine, from said fluid.

Abstract: Contaminated liquids are treated by ozonation in a pressurized environment. Ozone is injected into a contaminated liquid to form a gas/liquid mixture. The mixture is injected into a mixing chamber for providing turbulent gas/liquid contact. The mixture is flowed from the mixing chamber into a pressurized reaction vessel. In an alternative embodiment, contaminated liquid is treated in situ using pressurized injection wells for injecting ozone-containing liquid.

Abstract: A system for producing ozone water is provided for reproducing the polluted water as environmentally friendly. The ozone water-producing system and its control method in which an ozone water-producing apparatus can be all purposely used indoors or outdoors irrespective of the condition of a flow channel and the condition of ozone generation is maintained in an optimum state so as to improve the performance of the system in its entirety as well as a symptom of the backflow of the ozone water due to a blocking of an outlet in the process of discharging the ozone water is previously detected to prevent deterioration of the system performance and ensure stability in use. The ozone water-producing system comprises influent air control means, an injector, a gas-liquid separator, and an ozone water-backflow preventing means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for filtering liquids, comprising two shafts (11) which are parallel to each other or at an acute angle to each other. Each shaft (1) carries a stack of discs (2) which extend perpendicularly to the shaft axis and which are connected to the shaft (2) in a rotationally fixed manner. The discs (2) of one disc stack are engaged in the intermediate spaces between the discs of an adjacent discs stack. At least one of the shafts (1) is drivable and at least one of the shafts is hollow and is provided with bores (1-2). Some of the discs have channels (2-4) inside them which are conductively connected to the inside of their hollow shaft (1). A ring-shaped distancing element (3) is located between each pair of adjacent discs (2) of a shaft.

Abstract: An agricultural or industrial water filter comprises a spin plate, a flow distributing sleeve, and a cone basin. The spin plate includes fluid passageways disposed at a 20 degree angle relative to the axis of the filter. The flow distributing sleeve is disposed in between the screen and the filter chamber. The screen may be oversize with a screen area that is a multiple of the screen area of a standard screen. The sleeve comprises a plurality of axial slots which are more narrow at the proximal side and wider at the distal side. The end cap is coupled to a bottom of the filter chamber and disposed adjacent to a bottom of the screen. The end cap comprises a cone coupled to the top of a basin. The cone extends upwardly into the space within the screen. A narrow annulus with a small cross-sectional area is formed between the bottom edge of the cone and the top of the basin. The basin includes a flush tube to flush out particles collected in the basin and to cause a high velocity flow through the annulus.

Abstract: A rack assembly includes a nineteen-inch sub-assembly coupled to a four-inch extension that comprises two substantially closed side panels adjacent to each other, two substantially open sides adjacent to each other, a closed top and bottom, a plurality of mounting flanges for attaching the extension to a nineteen-inch sub-assembly and a plurality of embossments for receiving mounting hardware for installing the sub-assembly and extension into a twenty-three-inch rack. The four-inch extension is formed not only to allow a nineteen-inch rack sub-assembly to be installed in a twenty-three-inch rack, but also is formed to conduct air exhausted from a side of the nineteen-inch subassembly towards a rear end of the twenty-three-inch rack.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention comprises an apparatus for holding computer disks without a jewel case in a manner that displays the non-play side of the disk to the user. In one or more instances the apparatus embodying the invention comprises an openfaced housing having a plurality of grooves recessed into one or more portions of the housing. Each groove is configured to hold CDs so that the user may easily insert CDs and/or any other type of media into the grooves. The invention contemplates the inclusion of grooves of varying size and depth into the open-faced housing. The open-faced housing may comprise a uniform piece that is formed via an injection mold or any other type of housing that may contain recessed grooves without inhibiting the function of the housing. A computer monitor, computer case, desk, computer printer, or any other place where it would be convenient for a user to store disks may be adapted to incorporate embodiments of the invention.

Abstract: The combination of a shipping container and a plurality of parallel planar panels having a pallet with a horizontal platform frame perpendicularly fixed to a rear frame, a rear wall support which is tilted obliquely and rearwardly extending from the rear of the horizontal platform frame to the top of the rear frame and a planar rear wall attached to the rear wall support. A laminated corrugated paperboard wedge having an inclined load bearing surface in conjunction with a shipping container having an obliquely tilted and rearwardly extending rear wall which provides an economical, reusable, recyclable and efficient transport container for vertically standing parallel planar panels, such as multi-glazed glass units. The shipping container is particularly useful for transporting refrigerator and freezer doors and insulating window units.

Abstract: A tool display board includes a test device on which a wrench can be tested in a realistic manner. The test device includes a nut secured to the tool display board and a bolt to be driven by the wrench for engagement with the nut. The tool display board includes a hole defined therein. Many teeth are formed on an periphery surrounding the hole. The nut includes a plurality of teeth formed on an internal surface thereof for engagement with the teeth formed on the board. The bolt includes a head and a thread. The nut includes a thread formed on an internal surface thereof for engagement with the thread of the bolt.

Abstract: An attachment device and method of providing the same includes opposing flaps or tabs for securing around different portions of shelving, particularly ventilated shelving. The flaps or tabs are generally flexible and sets of the flaps or tabs are generally provided in perpendicular relation to each other. Each flap or tab includes a securing member for securing to each other around a portion of shelving. The attachment device is removably fastenable to shelving and associated components.

Abstract: A suction cup is mounted to each end of the tension rod by a mounting part. The mounting part has a body with a cylindrical recess to receive the rod end and a circular end part with a planar end surface with an opening. The enlarged hemispherical head portion of the suction cup is received in the opening such that the cup portion of the suction cup is proximate the end surface.

Abstract: Crane for the assembly of wind turbines and assembly procedure therefor, the former consisting of a central structure (1) which may be mounted around the tower (2) of the wind turbine and provisionally locked onto it at any height, with an assembly formed by a jib (4) and a counter-jib (5) configuring a tilting rotary unit with respect to the structure (1) and including their respective winches (6 and 8), by means of which the whole of the crane may be hoisted to a higher position and the components comprising the wind turbine may be raised to the position of assembly.

Abstract: An air inlet sleeve of a baby's bottle has a hollow sleeve capable of being installed to an opening of a baby's bottle. An annular neck protrudes from a periphery of the distal end of the sleeve. The annular neck inserts into a lower section of a nipple matched to the baby's bottle and then a cover of the nipple covers and positions the nipple. An annular channel is formed between an inner wall and an outer wall of the sleeve. A bottom of the channel has a plurality of air inlet holes which are arranged around the round bottom. Air entering into the nipple will flow along the annular channel, then output from some of the air inlet holes which has a lower liquid pressure; thereby, as a user sucks the liquid in the baby's bottle, the user will not suck the air.

Abstract: A nursing bottle with a vent located in its base. The vent is positioned so that the user can easily open it by pressing on it with a finger or thumb. The vent remains open only so long as it is pressed. Once released, a spring returns the vent to its closed position. The user may therefore set the bottle down without having to do anything to close the vent. The vent assembly may be easily removed from the bottle for thorough cleaning. An access notch is provided so that the user does not have to strain to reach the vent. Mounting features are included to position the notch in a right-handed or left-handed configuration.

Abstract: The invention concerns an overcap (1, 11, 12) comprising a rolled skirt (3) and a head (2) fixed to said rolled skirt, along a circular junction zone (4) common to said skirt and said head. The invention is characterised in that: 1) said head is made of a first material capable of being deformed to form a head with fold-free rim, the rim having an axial height H between 1 and 5 mm; 2) said rolled skirt (3) comprises an upper end (30)), necked-in over at least a width of 1 mm, co-operating with said rim to form said circular junction zone, the rolled skirt (3) being made of a second strip material (6) with lower mechanical properties than those of the first material (5); 3) the circular junction zone (4), common to the rim (20, 21, 22) and to the upper end (30), extends over a width L not less than 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A method of stripping silver from a printed circuit board without attacking the underlying base metal. The stripping solution comprises an oxidizing agent, an alkaline pH adjuster, and a silver solubilizing agent. After the silver has been sufficiently removed from the surface of the printed circuit board, the printed circuit board is contacted with a neutralization solution to remove any smut remaining on the surface. The silver stripping solution does not contain cyanide or chromium and does not require the use of anodic current.

Abstract: A plasma processing method and a plasma processing system provide advantages of a high degree of selectivity, a large area processing capability and an enhanced precision level. A plasma processing method according to the invention is so designed that a pulse modulation power is supplied alternately to the plasma generating power supply and the substrate bias power supply by referring to the time taken by gas to diffuse from the center of electric discharge to the substrate. In a plasma processing system according to the invention, the plasma generating power supply and the substrate bias power supply are provided with modulation means for supplying a pulse modulation power alternately to the plasma generating section and the substrate electrode by referring to the time taken by gas to diffuse from the center of electric discharge to the substrate.

Abstract: A tack box for storing objects by a person engaged in equestrian activities. The tack box has multiple detachable walls and at least one removable saddle rack mounted on one of the walls. The container may be broken down into multiple pieces for ease of transportation. The front of the tack box opens via two doors and a flip top panel on the lid to gain maximum access to the contents of the box.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chamber cover fixing for arc quenching chambers for low voltage switchgears operating in air, whereby the arc quenching chamber cover (2) is fixed to the arc quenching chamber, by means of interlocking guide and lock elements, without the use of screws. In addition to the sliding guide elements in the arc quenching chamber housing (1) and in the arc quenching chamber cover (2), one or several clips (9; 11; 20; 28) or locking grooves (10; 17; 27; 33) for engaging the clips (9; 11; 20; 28) are provided.

Abstract: A method and assembly for spot welding metal sheets includes a conductive metal strip sandwiched between an electrode and the sheet metal to be welded. The conductive strip shields the electrodes from deterioration accelerating coatings present on the sheet metal to be welded. The conductive strip deteriorates instead of the electrode and is indexed through the welding interface after a desired number of welds.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for material modification using laser bursts including appropriately timed laser pulses to enhance material modification. In one implementation, a method for material modification comprises the steps of: providing bursts of laser pulses, wherein each burst comprises at least two laser pulses, wherein each laser pulse has a pulse duration within a range of between approximately 10 ps and 100 ns, wherein a time between each laser pulse of each burst is within a range of between approximately 5 ns and 5 &mgr;s; a time between successive bursts is greater than the time between each laser pulse comprising each burst; and directing the bursts upon a workpiece, wherein an intensity of a primary laser pulse of each burst exceeds a damage threshold of the workpiece.