Abstract: A utility vehicle is provided with a bogey beam on which are mounted the steering axle at the forward end of the bogey beam and the middle axle on the rearward end of the bogey beam. A rear drive axle is supported by the frame of the utility vehicle. The bogey beam is connected to the frame by a pivot assembly defining a transverse pivot axis about which the bogey beam can oscillate. The weight transferred to the bogey beam is proportionately distributed between the front steering axle and middle axle. As a result, the steering characteristics of the steering axle are not impaired by the imposition of a load in the load bed of the utility vehicle, as the middle axle cannot be loaded sufficiently to overpower the front steering axle. The middle axle is rotatably driven by a chain drive transferring rotational power from the rear drive axle.

Abstract: A gooseneck trailer hitch offset system for increasing the turning radius possible with a gooseneck trailer. The gooseneck trailer hitch offset system is most suitable for use with a vehicle having a bed that contains a hitch ball and a trailer with a cantilevered gooseneck section containing a down tube. The system includes a hitch offset assembly that offsets the axis of the down tube of the gooseneck section of the trailer from the axis of the hitch ball of the hitch of the towing vehicle. The hitch offset assembly comprises a coupler portion to couple to a hitch coupler device, an upright portion designed for coupling to the down tube of the gooseneck structure of the trailer hitch, and an offset portion that extends between the coupler portion and the upright portion.

Abstract: A load leveling weight distributing hitch which provides enhanced flexibility of attachment and removal is described. This invention is directed to load leveling weight distribution hitches with enhanced strength and which are easy to install and adjust, without the use of special tools or equipment. This invention addresses the attachment of the spring bars commonly used with load leveling hitches by presenting a quick connect/quick disconnect which permits the user to easily install the spring bars without the use of special tools. Additionally, this invention provides a thumb screw adjustment for modifying the pitch angle of the ball hitch. This invention also provides a spring bar lift which provides a novel locking mechanism as well as a chain retention device for maintaining the chain tension during sway.

Abstract: A device for inflating an airbag comprising a container for a compressed gas of a sealing device, which closes the container during normal operation and is provided in a gas release nozzle connected to the container in a gas tight manner, and a throttle opening, via which the released gas flows in a throttled manner out of the container via an emission opening and the gas release nozzle, whereby the throttle opening is formed through reshaping of a container wall part.

Abstract: A cold gas inflator having an opening device for rupturing a burst disk. The cold gas inflator is filled with stored gas. The cold gas inflator has a burst disk, which prevents the stored gas from exiting the pressure vessel. In the event of a automobile accident, the opening device is actuated, which causes the ignition of pyrotechnic material. This ignition generates a shockwave of sufficient energy to rupture the burst disk. The stored gas flows into the diffuser and then exits the cold gas inflator in the radial direction. In another embodiment, the stored gas exits the cold gas inflator in the axial direction.

Abstract: A vehicle steering column (10) comprises a one-piece steering column member (12) that includes a plurality of elongate wall portions (20-24) that extend generally parallel to a longitudinal axis (28) of the steering column. The plurality of wall portions (20-24) at least partially define a chamber (26) in the member (12) for receiving an axially extending steering shaft (30) of the vehicle. The member (12) has a generally rectangular exterior configuration. The member (12) includes a vehicle mounting portion (90, 92) formed as one piece with the elongate wall portions (20-24). The vehicle mounting portion (90, 92) extends from the wall portions (20-24) and is adapted for fastening the steering column member (10) to the vehicle body.

Abstract: An advertising page that is intended to be bound within a publication includes a page portion and an extension portion. The publication is bound along a binding side, and the page portion of the advertising page has a binding side and a plurality of unbound sides. The extension portion of the advertising page is contiguous with a part of an unbound side of the page portion that is adjacent to the binding side and has an inner side that is spaced from the binding side of the page portion. At least a part of the extension portion is folded over to form a folded part. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a sample material is contained within the folded part of the extension portion. The invention also includes a method for making an advertising page.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ventilation duct construction and a method which increases the fire-retardant capability of a ventilation duct. According to the invention, an improved fire-retardant capability of a ventilation duct or sound absorber is obtained by providing the ventilation duct with a shielding sheet at a distance from the same so that an air gap is formed therebetween. The time during which the outside temperature of the construction can be kept down is prolonged, while the construction remains compact.

Abstract: A pipe jointing unit includes a cylindrical joint in which is accommodated a pipe, a ring-shaped seal member positioned in the joint, an elastic connecting member positioned in the joint and holding the pipe and the ring-shaped seal member in the joint, and a guide member detachably connected to the joint. The guide has an annular guide portion which is disposed circumferentially between the inner surface of the edge portion of the joint and the outer surface of the pipe. The pipe is thus restricted from swinging in the radial direction relatively against the joint and the reliability of the resistance force against pulling the pipe out of the connecting member by vehicle vibration, an increase of the internal pressure of the pipe and the like is improved.

Abstract: High localized loading, galling, and high torque forces have been generally eliminated or greatly reduced in a two ferrule tube fitting assembly through suitable modification of the rear ferrule so as to redirect the reaction forces acting between the front ferrule and the drive nut. The rear ferrule has a cylindrical interior wall that closely surrounds the tube end and is provided on the interior cylindrical wall with a circumferentially continuous radial recess that is located between the nose and rear wall of the rear ferrule. The rear ferrule also has a radially external wall that is substantially conical and additionally shaped to extend radially outward toward the enlarged diameter portion or flange of the rear ferrule. The rear ferrule further includes a contoured face on the rear driven surface of the ferrule that engages the drive surface of the drive nut.

Abstract: If the wheel/rail adhesion for a railway vehicle is insufficient then the wheels may slip when braking. If slipping is detected, a control system may reduce the brake pressure to permit a controlled level of slip and so to optimize the braking force for the available adhesion. By determining the pressure supplied to the brake cylinder, a signal may be obtained which indicates the value of the adhesion. Alternatively the adhesion may be monitored by detecting any discrepancy between the braking deceleration demanded by the driver and the observed deceleration. The adhesion signal may activate a warning. It may also be used to adjust the rate at which sand is supplied by a sander to the wheel/rail interface. The rate at which sand is supplied may also be adjusted in accordance with other parameters such as the train speed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an interlocking device and in more particular to an interlocking device with a rotary latch that receives a latching bolt. In operation, the rotary latch can swing out of a release position into a locked position, by means of the bolt engaging a coupling jaw of the rotary latch. When the rotary latch is in a locked position, a safety element in an arresting position prevents rotary latch from swinging into its release position.

Abstract: The universal logic assembly of the present invention is non-handed so as to be adapted for use both left-hand and right-hand vehicle door structures. The logic assembly includes a mounting bracket adapted to be attached to the inside of the door structure, with the latch assembly sandwiched therebetween. A plurality of lever arms are pivotally mounted on the bracket, with each arm having opposite front and back sides. A plurality of clips are mounted on the lever arms to receive rods and/or cables from the door handles and lock mechanism so as to control the opening and closing of the latch. The clips can be mounted from both the front and back sides of the arms, such that the logic assembly is a non-handed universal product.

Abstract: An extended latch mounted to a structure for securing an adjacent structure. The extended latch is a remotely-actuated latch mechanism that allows the adjacent structure to be released and moved apart from the structure, and later rejoined with the structure without disengagement of the latch mechanism from either structure. The extended latch includes a housing that has a first wall and a second wall that are aligned with and positioned parallel to each other. An extendable linkage is rotatably mounted to the housing. The extendable latch also includes a strut having a central axis and opposing ends. One end of the strut is rotatably mounted to the extendable linkage. The other end of the strut is rotatably mounted to a keeper bar. The extendable latch also includes a detent mechanism rotatably mounted to both the housing and the extendable linkage.

Abstract: A dead bolt lock assembly for securing a sliding door or window and including a wall mountable dead bolt lock, and a door mountable dead bolt lock which matingly engage in the locked position to secure the sliding door or window shut, is disclosed. The wall mountable dead bolt lock may be moved between an unlocked position and a locked position (where it is received within the housing of the door mounted dead bolt) in an automatic manner by an actuator which is preferably normally biased to extend slightly beyond the door jamb. The actuator may be connected to the dead bolt by a drive assembly which is activated upon movement of the actuator inwardly toward the door jamb, for example by a plunger. In one embodiment, as the actuator moves inwardly, it causes the dead bolt to move outwardly, until it is received within the housing of the door mounted dead bolt. The wall mounted dead bolt includes an aperture at one end for receiving the dead bolt of the door mounted dead bolt therein.

Abstract: The present invention is a modular truck bed storage container which is attachable to a second storage container module to form a single storage system which can span the truck bed and has an upper surface for cargo support that may span the truck bed and in which the upper surface may replicate the configuration and/or appearance of a truck bed liner. The modular truck bed storage container has a removable sliding drawer. Each modular truck bed storage container is reversible in orientation to fit the asymmetric configuration of each side of the truck bed. A variety of accessories may be conveniently attached to the modular truck bed storage container.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a bolster (22) on a seat (10) involves sensing upper and lower limits of several vehicle parameters to determine bolster condition.

Abstract: A structure for holding switches in a passenger compartment of a vehicle. The structure includes a switchboard arranged on a panel in the passenger compartment. The switches are mounted on the switchboard. An accommodating case is arranged adjacent to the switchboard. A common shaft, which is shared by the switchboard and the accommodating case, pivotally supports the switchboard and the accommodating case. The switchboard and the accommodating case are each pivoted about the common shaft between a retracted position and an operational position. The switchboard and the accommodating case are each accommodated in the panel when located at the retracted position and exposed from the panel when located at the operational position. The switchboard remains at the retracted position when the accommodating case is located at the operational position.

Abstract: A mount assembly and method are provided for securing a visor to a vehicle mounting surface. Initially, a vehicle mounting surface having an aperture formed therein is provided. A bracket assembly including a bracket having a first aperture, a pivot cavity formed therein, and a flexible leg attached are also provided. A pivot member has a bore formed therethrough and is pivotally mounted within the pivot cavity of the bracket. An arm is disposed within the bore of the pivot member. The arm is then moved in a first direction such that the pivot member pivots about the pivot axis until the pivot member is in a first position and the flexible leg is in an inwardly retracted position. The bracket assembly is then placed adjacent the mounting surface such that the flexible leg is inserted into the aperture in the mounting surface.

Abstract: A motor vehicle having a fixed roof is provided which can be opened and has a front and a rear roof part which are connected to each other in an articulated manner and, controlled by a main link arrangement, can be shifted between a closing position and a storage position in a rear storage space, having a fixed rear window which is mounted pivotably on lateral roof pillars and the pivot axis of which runs in the central region of the rear window in the transverse direction of the vehicle. The rear window is driven in a rotational manner relative to the roof pillars during the opening and closing movement of the fixed roof, and the rear window, after reaching the closing position of the fixed roof, is pressed via the rotational drive against a sealing seat interacting with the rear window.

Abstract: A convertible roof employs a top stack mechanism and a generally rigid roof cover. Furthermore, the frame may be stowed under a rigid roof cover. In another aspect of the present invention, the top stack mechanism employs a rearmost roof bow that is moved from above a roof cover to allow the roof cover to open, and then the entire top stack mechanism retracts into a storage area. A further aspect of the present invention provides a lost motion coupling of the top stack mechanism to the vehicle body. In yet another aspect of the present invention, a fluid powered actuator controls movement of the rearmost roof bow relative to the remainder of the top stack mechanism.

Abstract: An I-beam clamp comprises a body having a seat and defining a medial plane extending through and perpendicular to the seat and a normal plane aligned with the seat; a pair of pads mounted to the body for movement between respective closed positions beyond the seat, on opposite sides of and in spaced relation to the medial plane and in spaced relation to the normal plane, and open positions, whereat each pad is disposed, relative to its closed position, in a direction away from both the normal plane and the medial plane; and an actuator for effecting movement of the pads between their closed positions and their open positions. Clamp pairs can be secured to a disabled trailer undercarriage and a brace can be disposed between each pair. A saddle can be secured to each pair to urge the brace towards the undercarriage and support same for towing.

Abstract: A seating system for a motor vehicle that provides one or more seats having independent tilting and height adjustments for an occupant's comfort or manipulation of the seat between a stowed and depolyed position. The seats have first and second support members adjustably linked to a third support member. The adjustable link between the first and third support members controls the tilt of the seat and the adjustable link between the second and third support member controls the height of the seat.

Abstract: In a reclining lounger, patio chair or cot which folds to a collapsed condition, a cooler/utility bag and cup holder is fastened to the fabric seat liner at a first location so as not to become lost in use, and is detachably secured at a second location to be released therefrom in folding the cooler/utility bag and cup holder into an empty slot provided in the lounger, patio chair or cot when being collapsed, in facilitating the transport of the cooler/utility bag and cup holder along with such casual seating when being stored.

Abstract: The present invention is a picnic table with a table top and two bench seats detachably connected to two welded, tubular metal support units. Compoundly curved bench supports that rise from the ends of the otherwise straight footing member of each support unit transfer the force of weight applied to a bench seat to the ground, or floor directly beneath the bench and make the table tip-proof. The support units and metal braces rigidly support table top and benches against sway both longitudinally and transversely.

Abstract: A portable ventilated seat assembly for use by an occupant in a vehicle includes a lay-on pad for supporting the occupant. The pad includes a porous material forming an upper surface layer, a non-porous first inner layer adjacent to the upper surface layer, a non-porous layer forming a lower surface layer and an expanded spacer material between the non-porous layers. The ventilated assembly further includes a fan coupled to the air space between the non-porous layers for ventilating the seat assembly. The ventilated seat assembly allows ventilation and cooling (or reverse flow heating or cooling) for the occupant. The spacer material may have upper and lower netting layers and fibers extending therebetween.

Abstract: A seat part for a vehicle seat having a seat cushion which is covered over by an air-permeable cushion cover, can be actively ventilated and on the top surface of which there are formed, by stitched-down seams, a central and a front level seat surface and two border beads which bound the level seat surfaces laterally. The seat having a heating mat which is arranged between the seat cushion and cushion cover and belongs to an electric seat heater. In order to ensure that the seat cushion has good through-ventilation and is dimensionally stable over a long period of time, the heating mat is perforated, and the perforations of the heating mat are designed to be considerably sparser in the region of the central level seat surface than in the region of the front level seat surface and the border beads.

Abstract: A storage apparatus is provided that attaches to a vehicle seat backrest and that includes a frame and a pair of elongated panels pivotally secured to the frame in adjacent, vertically spaced-apart relationship, wherein each elongated panel is movable between an operative, generally horizontal, position and a stored, generally vertical position. The elongated panels may be in adjacent, face-to-face relationship when in respective stored positions. The elongated panels may be in adjacent, generally coplanar relationship when in respective stored positions.

Abstract: The present invention provides support assembly having a resilient support frame having a ground engaging portion and an upper portion. The upper portion is moveable with respect to the ground engaging portion. A suspension assembly is coupled to the upper portion of the support frame such that motion of the upper portion imparts motion to the suspension assembly. In another aspect of the invention, the invention includes a seat supported on a resilient support frame having a ground engaging portion and an upper portion moveable with respect to the ground engaging portion. A mobile is coupled to the upper portion such that motion of the upper portion imparts a corresponding motion to the mobile.

Abstract: A ventilated support structure for a vehicle, such as a bicycle, comprising an upper side having a seat surface which is supported on a rigid or semi-rigid frame on which is anchored elastically flexible padding there between. The support structure may further comprise an aperture in an anterior portion of the frame. The aperture may be oriented at least partly in a direction of forward travel of the vehicle. An air distribution channel is connected to the aperture and is also connected to a plurality of air discharge openings to ventilate the seat surface.

Abstract: A pair of foldable rear seats for a motor vehicle includes a support stub fixed to the vehicle and a pair elongated support arms pivotally connected to the support stub. A pair of seat bottoms are pivotally connected to each of the respective support arms, such that each seat bottom is pivotable between a vertical folded position and a horizontal open position. Further, a pair of seat backs are each pivotally connected to a rear portion of each respective seat bottom in order to fold into the respective seat bottom from an open position. A headrest is slidably disposed on each seat back. Furthermore, a pair of seat legs are each pivotally connected to the seat bottom at an outer portion thereof so that when the seat bottom is in the open state, the seat leg, in its open position, extends from the seat bottom to the vehicle floor.

Abstract: A seat displacement mechanism for a seat, such as a vehicle seat, which includes a seat back that is attached to a seat bottom such that it may be folded about a horizontal axis and locked in the a position. The seat bottom is connected, for height adjustment, by means of front and rear linkages mounted in pairs, at least one pair of which is attached, proximate one end of the linkage to an upper rail. A portion of the upper rail is provided with a longitudinal guide area to which the lower end of a linkage may be mounted so that the linkage may move longitudinally or slide relative to a seat base. A linkage may be locked in its rearward position with respect to the upper rail, preventing seat movement.

Abstract: A control mechanism for a chair that enables a plurality of adjustments to be made to the chair by a seated occupant in a cost effective and reliable manner is described. The control mechanism includes a plurality of motor-gear groups and at least one control switch. The control switch is coupled to each motor-gear group, a rechargeable battery, and to a limit switch that limits an amount of height adjustment of the chair seat with respect to the chair base. Each motor-gear group is coupled to a drive shaft. As a result, a seated occupant may engage the control switch to selectively electrically raise or lower the chair seat relative to the chair base, tilt the chair seat relative to the control mechanism, tilt the chair back relative to the chair seat, adjust the height of the chair seat relative to the control mechanism, and adjust the chair seat depth relative to the chair back.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for adjusting a seat back (6) of a vehicle seat (4), in which a drive (9) that carries out adjusting processes is integrated. This acts on stagger gears (10, 22), with which the seat back (6) is moved within a range of inclination (13). A torsion element (24) is provided between the stagger gears (10, 22) that compensates the clearance in the stagger gears (10, 22) within a first range of adjustment (18) of the seat back (6) and functions as support for the driver motor within a further range of adjustment (19) of the seat back (6).

Abstract: A frame has a pivot protruding therefrom. A first gear is rotatable relative to the frame. A cam is rotatable with the first gear. A second gear is between the pivot and the cam. The second gear is engaged with the cam for rotation. The second gear is to be rotated on the pivot, thus to be locked with the first gear. The pivot has smaller mechanical strength than the first gear and the second gear.

Abstract: Apparatus including a generally flat sheet with a plurality of score lines formed thereon, the score lines defining a contour of a resting surface, a plurality of legs and a plurality of web portions all contiguous with each other. The sheet may be folded about the score lines to form a stool placeable upon a supporting surface, wherein the resting surface is distanced from the supporting surface and the legs extend from the resting surface to the supporting surface, and adjacent web portions are fastened to each other.

Abstract: A wheel of the roller type, i.e., whose general shape is constituted by two sides the contours of which are circles with respective centers. O,O′, the flanks being substantially parallel with respect to one another, substantially perpendicular to an axis OO′ and connected to one another by a substantially toric surface portion having an axis of rotation OO′. The wheel is particularly intended as a wheel for a roller skate.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved fabricated vehicle wheel.

Abstract: A containment system for batteries of a data transmission equipment enclosure is disclosed. The system includes a number of identical side plates and integral top flanges for positioning around the batteries along with a front retention bar that has a series of slots for mating with slots formed in the side plates. A top channel frame member is connected to each of the side plates and to the enclosure. The system when installed in an enclosure prevents sideward, frontward and damaging upward movements of the batteries in response to seismic events. The system is careful, however, not to block the region under the batteries so that a heating pad can easily be installed if desired.

Abstract: A housing fixed to a piece of furniture adjacent a slidable portion thereof is formed with an upwardly open slot in which is engageable a pulling member fixed to the slidable portion and projecting downward in the slot such that on movement of the slidable part the pulling member enters and exits the housing. An actuation member displaceable in the housing is engageable with and coupled to the pulling member only when the pulling member is engaged in the slot. A spring coupled between the housing and the actuation member urges the slidable portion into one of the end positions. A body of a high-viscosity grease in the housing engages the actuation member and retards movement of the movable portion into the one end position.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provide on-demand drop volume modulation by utilizing a single transducer driving waveform to drive an ink jet. The driving waveform includes at least a first portion and a second portion that each excites a different modal resonance of ink in an ink jet orifice to produce ink drops having different volumes. A control signal is applied to the driving waveform to actuate the selected portion of the waveform to eject the desired ink drop volume. The apparatus and method improves resolution in gray scale printing by knowing an input request and placing a combination of small drops and large drops in a conventional blue noise halftone screen represented as a threshold array such that throughput and image quality goals are met while decreasing jetting robustness risk.

Abstract: In droplet deposition apparatus comprising one or more independently actuable ink ejection chambers, electrical signals are applied to reduce variation in the temperature of the droplet fluid between chambers and with variations in droplet ejection input data. Short potential difference pulses, suitable for influencing the temperature of the droplet fluid in a chamber, can be generated by application of longer duration voltages to ink chamber actuation means.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink jet recording head drive method for applying a drive voltage to an electro-mechanical converter which changes a pressure within a pressure generation chamber filled with ink, so that an ink droplet is ejected from a nozzle communicating with the pressure generation chamber, wherein the drive voltage has a voltage waveform including: a first voltage change process for increasing a volume of the pressure generation chamber so as to pull the ink meniscus at the nozzle opening toward the pressure generation chamber; and a second voltage change process for decreasing the volume of the pressure generation chamber, so as to eject an ink droplet, and wherein the first voltage change process is preceded by a preparatory voltage change process for slightly pulling an ink meniscus from the nozzle opening toward the pressure generation chamber.

Abstract: This invention is to provide a printhead capable of printing at a higher speed even when the number of printing elements is large, a printing apparatus using this printhead, a printhead cartridge, and a printing element substrate. For this purpose, print signals necessary for driving M printing elements belonging to each of N divisional blocks and a select control signal necessary for block selection are transferred by inputting print signals corresponding to L (L<M) printing elements serially from a first signal line by using a clock signal and inputting print signals corresponding to the remaining (M−L) printing elements and a corresponding select control signal serially from a second signal line by using the same clock signals.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus, for effecting recording on a recording material by ejecting a plurality of inks with relative scanning movement between a recording head and the recording material, includes an obtaining unit for obtaining relative information indicative of a relative relation between the amounts of inks to be ejected for each of unit areas provided by dividing an area in the neighborhood of a boundary between adjacent bands of scanning recording of the recording head across the recording material; a determining unit for determining, for each of the inks, a reduction rate at which the amount of the ink to be ejected to the neighborhood of the boundary in the unit area on the basis of the relative information for each of the unit areas obtained by the obtaining unit and on the basis of quantity information indicative of an amount of each into be ejected in the unit area; and a reducing unit for reducing the amount of each ink to be ejected to the neighborhood of the boundary on the basis of the

Abstract: Efficient printing of data containing two types of areas (color and monochromatic) in the direction of sub-scanning is present. Routine feeding is performed in 15-dots feed increments while dots are recorded using black nozzle Nos. 1 to 15 during routine monochromatic mode printing (step S2). Minor-feeding is then performed in 3-dot feed increments while the same type of main scanning is carried out in the course of lower-edge monochromatic mode printing (step S4). A position adjusting feed may be optionally performed (steps S6, S8). Five nozzles each for cyan, magenta, and yellow are used, and black nozzle Nos. 11 to 15 are used during upper-edge color mode printing (step S10). Minor-feeding is performed in single-dot feed increments. Routine feeding is then performed in 5-dot feed increments while the same type of main scanning is carried out in the course of routine color mode printing (step S12).

Abstract: A method of detecting a fault within a micro electro-mechanical device in the form of an ink ejection nozzle having an actuating arm that moves an ink displacing paddle when heat inducing electric current is passed through the actuating arm and having a movement sensor associated with the actuating arm. The method comprises the steps of passing at least one current pulse having a predetermined duration through the actuating arm and detecting for a predetermined level of movement of the actuating arm. If a fault is detected to exist, as indicated by an insufficient level of movement of the actuating arm, at least one further current pulse having an energy level greater than the fault detecting pulse may be passed through the actuating arm in an attempt to clear the fault.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of artefacts during the reproduction of an image based on image data and having a plurality of image points, by a specific image reproducing device is disclosed, whereby the image points have appearance properties, the process including the following steps: device characteristics which describe the appearance properties of image points produced by the specific image reproducing device in answer to image data and describe the dependence of the appearance properties on the position assigned to the image data, are provided or input, reproduction image data are input, and the image data corrected based on the device characteristics and depending on the positions assigned to the image data.

Abstract: A method for determining ink drop velocity of a printhead located at a gap above a print medium. A first ink mark is printed at a first printhead velocity. A second ink mark is printed at a different (in magnitude and/or direction) second printhead velocity. The ink for the second ink mark is ejected from the printhead at the same print ejection position used for the first ink mark plus a predetermined offset distance (if any). The distance between the ink marks is measured. The ink drop velocity is calculated using the measured distance, the predetermined offset distance, the first and second printhead velocities, and the predetermined gap. In another method, an ink mark is printed, a distance is measured between the ink mark and the ink-ejection position, and the ink drop velocity is calculated using the measured distance, the printhead velocity, and the gap.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes cap members for capping ejection outlets of an ejection portions for ejecting liquid to a recording material; pump diviec including suction inlets in fluid communication within the cap members; discharging outlets for discharging the liquid; cylinder member including a plurality of cylinders having the suction inlets and the discharging outlets, respectively; a seal member for dividing inner space in the cylinder divice into the cylinders; and a plurality of pistons reciprocable in the spaces in contact with the inner surfaces of the cylinders to produce pressure change in the inner spaces; wherein in each of the cylinders, the suction inlet is disposed more away from seal member than the discharging outlet.