Abstract: The time slot interchange capabilities of modern digital loop carriers are utilized to provide direct connectivity from the calling modem's line to an internet access modem bank through the digital loop carrier, thereby bypassing the local central end office. A call which is to a telephone number of an internet access provider's modem is routed to a bypass initiator. If the bypass initiator detects that the call is from a number which is serviced by a digital loop carrier having a local central end office bypass capability, then the bypass initiator issues a bypass command. The digital loop carrier establishes the bypass connection, but does not break the signaling connection on the initial call which was routed from the digital loop carrier through the local central end office to the bypass initiator. Once the bypass connection has been established, the bypass initiator sends a disconnect signal through the signaling connection of the initial call.

Abstract: The invention is a system and method that provides a call center solution. The system includes, on a single network, a voice server and an internet-enabled web server (the web server). The web server performs computer telephony integration (CTI) server operations and automatic call distributor (ACD) operations. The method of implementing a call center solution carries a message to a customer service center by using a voice server module and a web server module.

Abstract: An application programming interface implements a method for transparently switching from one communication protocol to another and for restoring the state of a previous connection. The application programming interface executes on a local, client computer, as well as remote computers. It includes functions that multi-user application programs can call to communicate in a device independent manner with other applications executing on remote computers. To support communication on a variety of different computer communication protocols, the application programming interface accesses programs called service providers that implement the communication protocols and support the message passing model of the interface. The application programming interface can transparently switch the protocol on a remote computer by sending a system message to a compatible version of the interface on the remote computer that includes an identifier of the service provider for the new protocol.

Abstract: A scheduling algorithm is provided that may be implemented in a multi-stage switch requiring less switching elements than known switching architectures in order to increase bandwidth and to retain the non-blocking properties of the constituent switching elements for incoming traffic, including multicast traffic. A scheduling algorithm is also provided for incremental scheduling of connections being added or removed from the switch.

Abstract: A packet switch able to balance (disperse) a packet traffic load of a network provided with at least a plurality of routing tables allotted with information of different outgoing ports for at least one destination address (DA); a table selecting unit for selecting any of the plurality of routing tables in accordance with a combination of at least a sender address (SA) and the destination address (DA) of an incoming packet; and a switch unit for sending the incoming packet to the outgoing port allotted to the destination address (DA) in the selected routing table.

Abstract: A reference timing architecture is disclosed that provides a level of flexibility that was not available with the architecture in the prior art. In particular, the present invention provides for multiple reference timing outputs that can be routed to equipment nodes relying on the timing information, wherein each of the timing processing paths that provide timing outputs can be controlled independently of one another.

Abstract: A method of searching an IP address is provided. A user interface broadcasts an ICMP request packet to an internet protocol (IP) based network. The ICMP request packet includes a first message type undefined before, a first code number and host information to be searched at the data portion. An IP-related device, thinking the ICMP request packet destined for it, sends out an ICMP reply packet to the user interface. The ICMP reply packet includes a second message type undefined before, a second code number and the host information of the IP-related device at the data portion. The user interface thus obtains an IP address of the IP-related device in accordance with the information of the ICMP reply packet.

Abstract: A router for supporting differentiated qualities of service (QoS), and a fast Internet protocol (IP) packet classification method performed in the router, are provided. The router hierarchically divides a memory having flow tables into a fast internal cache memory and an external typical memory. The internal cache memory stores recently searched table entries. The router preferentially searches the flow tables of the internal cache memory. Only when the internal cache memory searching fails, the flow tables of the external memory are searched. Consequently, the frequency of interactions between a packet classifier and the external memory decreases to improve the speed of packet classification.

Abstract: System for reordering sequenced based packets in a switching network. The system includes time stamp logic that operates to associate a receive time indicator with each received data packet. The system also includes Enqueue logic that operates to compute an expiration time for each received packet based on the receive time indicator, and stores the expiration time and the sequence identifier for each received packet into a table. Dequeue logic operates to read the table to determine the received data packets to output in an output stream so that the received data packets are output in a selected order. The Dequeue logic also operates to determine a true expiration time for one or more unreceived data packets, and if the true expiration time for a selected unreceived data packet is reached, the Dequeue logic operates to omit the selected unreceived data packet from the output stream.

Abstract: Incoming communications received by call centers and the like are routed to one or more alternative call centers based on a comparison of Match Rates and Expected Wait Times. Such routing helps improve the overall load balancing of a call center or network of call centers while increasing the effectiveness and controlling the costs of handling incoming communications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for queuing in a communications network. The method positions data related to a user based on a grade of service (GoS) assigned to the user. The positioning of the data is accomplished according to a throughput range assigned to the user.

Abstract: An apparatus for guaranteeing MCR in an ATM device includes at least one queue for each service category, a scheduler for dequeuing cells from the queues, a queue status block for indicating which queues are empty, and an MCR service block. The MCR service block includes a plurality of timers, at least one for each service category. According to the methods of the invention, an MCR value is selected for each queue (or service category) and a timer in the MCR service block is set according to the MCR value. The scheduler dequeues cells in strict priority from non-empty queues as determined by the queue status block. The scheduler is preempted, however, by the MCR service block when a queue fails to be serviced before its associated timer expires. The arrangement of queues and associated timers is subject to alternate embodiments.

Abstract: The present technique provides a system and method for controlling, communicating with, and generally managing imaging subsystems and peripheral devices. The technique is applicable to a wide range of imaging systems, but is particularly well suited to complex imaging systems used in the medical diagnostics field. In the field of medical diagnostic imaging systems, the technique has particular promise for controlling, communicating with, and generally managing subsystems and devices in MRI systems, CT systems, x-ray systems, PET systems, and so forth. In a general sense, the technique facilitates more efficient and reliable communication with the subsystems and peripheral devices of the medical imaging system. For example, the present technique may use a CAN or CAN OPEN network architecture to provide uniform communication with the subsystems and peripheral devices and to provide a variety of operational checks to ensure the operational reliability of the imaging system.

Abstract: A method of regulating queuing delay in a network routing device independent of TCP loading is provided including receiving data packets, monitoring the data packets using token buckets and a Proportional and Integral (P+I) Active Queue Management (AQM) scheme, marking selected data packets falling within a profile, and adjusting flow preference of the monitored packets.

Abstract: A network connection apparatus for communicating between a network device located in a first private network and a second private network located outside the first private network. The apparatus includes an address acquisition module capable of acquiring a public IP address of a network management device from a DNS based on a domain name of the network management device of the second private network is provided. A connection management module is provided that is capable of forming a P2P connection to the network device if there is a request for a connection to the second private network from the network device. The connection management module is further capable of forming a virtual private network tunnel with the second private network based on the public IP address transferred from the address acquisition module. The connection management module is further capable of transferring to the network device a private IP address used in the second private network.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and apparatus for memory efficient fast VLAN lookups and inserts in hardware-based packet switches.

Abstract: A user-side receiver system includes a gateway device, which provides an interface between a subscriber-based network, and an output device. A storage system is disposed externally from the gateway device and is coupled to the gateway device through a network interface. The storage system provides memory for storage of data streams transmitted from the network to the gateway device. The network interface links the gateway device to the storage system to cooperatively access and store data to/from the storage system in a way that limits access to the data by a user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for linking control and bearer for a multimedia session in an ALL-IP network, and to an Access Gateway (AGW) and an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server therefore. For doing so, a Mobile IP Request message is received at the AGW from a terminal. The AGW requests authentication of the terminal at the AAA server. The AAA server allocates a Proxy Session Control Manager (P-SCM) for the terminal. Then, the AAA sends an identity of the P-SCM to the AGW, and stores the identity of the allocated P-SCM for the terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing internal server with reduced IP addresses, comprising: first, configure the corresponding relationship information between external address as well as other characteristic information and internal address as well as other characteristic information in the internal server; then, match the relevant information carried by the input messages received by the internal network and the output messages from the internal network with the configured corresponding relationship information respectively; finally, process the message according to the matching result. According to the present invention, WEB server and FTP server in the LAN can be easily provided without occupying too much valid IP addresses, thus, the present invention saves limited public IP addresses resource. Furthermore, the present invention implements port-level support to the internal server, and guarantees the security of network equipments.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a packet redirection method for a function programmable network processor for processing packets based upon a user's requirements or intention.

Abstract: A wireless device is provided with a first wireless transceiver and a second wireless transceiver operative in a coordinated manner and coupled to at least one controller manager. The first wireless transceiver transmits and receives signals in accordance with a first protocol to and from a first network device of a first wireless network communicatively coupled to the apparatus, and the second wireless transceiver transmits and receives signals in accordance with a second protocol to and from a second network device of a second wireless network communicatively coupled to the apparatus. The wireless device is further provided with a network manager to coordinate the transmit and receive operations of the first wireless transceiver and said the second wireless transceiver in order to enable the wireless device to communicate contemporaneously with the first and second wireless networks.

Abstract: A 2-fibre BLSR and a 4-fibre BLSR both have a disadvantage of bandwidth inefficiencies imposed due to SONET routing constraints, which specify that each routed connection must occupy the same STS time slot throughout a given ring in the network. A direct consequence of this limitation is that it produces “stranded bandwidth” around various spans of the ring. Accordingly, a network element is provided for use in a line switched ring network. The network element is configured to enable a ring switching protection scheme in a timeslot interchange environment, to help address the stranded bandwidth inefficiencies of ring networks. The network element comprises a connection for coupling the network element to a ring transport network.

Abstract: A system for correlating and displaying dissimilar communication protocols is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises user communication information that spans at least two dissimilar communication networks, a first communication protocol associated with a first communication network, a second communication protocol associated with a second communication network, and a software code segment configured to detect a first call identifier associated with the first communication protocol, the software code segment also configured to detect a second call identifier associated with the second communication protocol, where the first call identifier and the second call identifier are correlated to a particular call. The system displays the correlated call identifiers to a user in a real-time call flow record.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for scheduling items (e.g., packets, processes, etc.) in a system, such as, but not limited to a computer or communications system (e.g., router, switch, etc.) In one implementation, multiple sets of items requiring processing to be performed are maintained. A current set of the multiple sets of items is identified. Each of the items in the current set is processed. In one implementation, this processing includes identifying a particular item in the current set, adding a quantum to a deficit of the particular item, processing an entity corresponding to the particular item, decreasing the deficit of the particular item by a value, determining if the deficit allows the particular item to be further processed, and moving the particular item from the current set to another of the multiple sets of items after said determining if deficit allows the particular item to be further processed.

Abstract: Optical transceivers used in data communications equipment are typically bidirectional and require two-way communications in order to maintain their operability. However, in some applications such as cable television, the traffic is highly unbalanced with very high bandwidth requirements in one direction and minimal bandwidth requirements in the opposite direction. Hence for such efficient and cost effective one-way communication applications, unidirectional fiber optic transceivers are useful. There is provided here a unidirectional transceiver provided internally with a keep-alive signal generator to enable unidirectional transmissions. The keep alive signal is, for instance, idle characters for a Gigabit Ethernet communication system, or any other suitable handshake signal which provides the desired operability.

Abstract: A system and method for switching between transmission modes provides more efficient use of available bandwidth. A content delivery system determines, based upon a predetermined limit, whether to broadcast content to a plurality of mobile platforms or unicast the data content via a point-to-point communication link. Acknowledgment signals from the mobile platforms are used to determine if the predetermined limit has been exceeded. A specific number or percentage defines the predetermined limit within a specified time period. The number of acknowledgment signals received is compared to the limit to determine if an exceedance condition has occurred.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a quality determination for a plurality of signal channels in an ultrawide bandwidth local network that will not require a coordinator associated with the network to suspend network operation. This is achieved by having the coordinator send a channel quality request to a non-coordinator device in the network. This non-coordinator device then performs a channel quality determination to determine channel quality information about the plurality of signal channels. After it has completed the channel quality determination, the non-coordinator device then sends the channel quality information from the non-coordinator device to the coordinator device. And if the non-coordinator device can accomplish the channel quality determination quickly enough, it need not even remove itself from the network, even temporarily.

Abstract: System and method for partitioning data on a SCDMA cable network use methods of creating data streams to transmit to a head end. Further, the data streams transmitted to the head end are coded with fine granularity scalability features and contain divisions which are assigned codes based on predetermined criteria, so that in the event certain assigned codes are interrupted from service, all appliances along the network can be serviced without interruption.

Abstract: A wireless communication network includes a plurality of mobile nodes each including a transceiver, a phased array antenna connected to the transceiver, and a controller connected to the transceiver. The controller schedules time slots for each time frame to establish a communication link with each neighboring mobile node. An initiating mobile node transmits a request for time slots to the receiving mobile node, which transmits a reply to the initiating mobile node. The initiating mobile node transmits a confirmation to the receiving mobile node, and the receiving mobile node transmits the reply again if the confirmation is not received. Alternatively, the receiving mobile node may transmit an acknowledgment to the initiating mobile node, and the initiating mobile node transmits the confirmation again if the acknowledgment is not received.

Abstract: A wireless application gateway for communicating between a wireless device and a backend system includes an application programming interface receiving a mobile-terminated message from the backend system and sending a formatted mobile-originated message to the backend system, a routing layer selecting a first protocol using a characteristic of the mobile-terminated message, a protocol layer generating a formatted mobile-terminated message using the first protocol and generating the formatted mobile-originated message using a second protocol, a transport layer sending the formatted mobile-terminated message to a short message service center and receiving the mobile-originated message, and a configuration file comprising a parameter used to choose the first protocol and the second protocol, wherein the mobile-terminated message is sent to the wireless device using a static identifier of the wireless device and the mobile-originated message is sent to the backend system using a dynamic identifier of the wireless

Abstract: A system for mapping dissimilar communication protocols is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system comprises user communication information that spans at least two dissimilar communication networks, a first communication protocol associated with a first communication network, a second communication protocol associated with a second communication network, and a software code segment configured to detect a call setup identifier and a call tear-down identifier associated with the first communication protocol, the software code segment also configured to detect a call setup identifier and call tear-down identifier associated with the second communication protocol, where the call setup identifier and the call tear-down identifier associated with the second communication protocol may occur within a predetermined amount of time before or after the call setup identifier or the call tear-down identifier associated with the first communication protocol.

Abstract: A unit for identification of frame format in a home networking device includes a comparison unit and an identifier. The comparison unit is adapted to compare the energy of a first period with the energy of a later period within the frame. The identifier is adapted to identify the frame format from the results of the comparison. The invention also includes the methods performed by the units.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of separating packets. Specifically, a method of separating data packets in a memory buffer is disclosed. The method locates a memory buffer containing a pre-selected address at a buffer header of the memory buffer. A first data packet containing the buffer header is separated from a remaining part of the memory buffer. The first data packet is associated with a first packet length. The method then searches the remaining part of the memory buffer to locate a plurality of packet headers associated with a plurality of concatenated data packets. Each of the plurality of packet headers contains the pre-selected address. The method then separates the plurality of concatenated data packets, that is associated with a plurality of concatenated packet lengths, for processing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method of transmitting data frames between media independent interfaces (MIIs) in a bus conversion device. Data frames received at a first MII may be formatted according to a first data transmission protocol. A bus conversion device formats the data frame for forwarding to a second MII. The bus conversion device may transmit data frames between MIIs having different associated data rates and data frame formats.

Abstract: A device, system and method for aligning data received on a plurality of data lanes in a data link are disclosed. One or more alignment vectors are generated for each of a plurality of data lanes where each alignment vector represents a location of an alignment character in an associated one of the data lanes. For each data lane, a plurality of alignment vectors may be associated with one or more alignment windows associated with the data lane. If the alignment vectors of the data lanes are associated with a common alignment window, an alignment position may be selected for each data lane.

Abstract: A digital equalizer for interpreting a digital signal including convolutionally encoded symbols and synchronization symbols outside the convolutional code comprises a combined trellis encoder and DFE. The synchronization symbols are re-inserted into the input of the DFE in order to restore time domain continuity created by removal of the synchronization symbols.

Abstract: Clock information related to a reference clock is distributed from a master network node to a slave network node in an asynchronous packet-based network by embedding the clock information into an additional bit stream and multiplexing the additional bit stream with a primary data stream using an out-of-band channel. Multiplexing the additional bit stream with the primary bit stream using an out-of-band channel may involve selecting yB codes of an xB/yB encoded bit stream to represent bits of the additional bit stream or to balance the running disparity of the xB/yB encoded bit stream. The clock information that is embedded into the additional bit stream is used to generate a clock that is synchronized with a reference clock. In an embodiment, the clock information represents the time difference between a transmitted frame of the additional bit stream and a next edge of the reference clock.

Abstract: A bus system includes multiple devices and a bus. The bus is connected to each device. Each device may include a type of input/output (I/O) device, such as a random access memory (RAM) or a microprocessor. The bus transfers data between devices. Data of each device may be encoded with a unique orthogonal code. Encoded data of each device may be superimposed onto a bus so as to permit substantially concurrent communication on the bus by each of the devices. Data of each device is decoded by correlating the encoded data with the unique code used to form the encoded data.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for multiplexing and demultiplexing variable-length high-speed packets. According to the method and apparatus, a plurality of one-gigabit Ethernet frames are multiplexed into a single 10-gigabit Ethernet frame and the single 10-gigabit Ethernet frame is demultiplexed into the plurality of one-gigabit Ethernet frames. In order to process variable-length high-speed packets, packet multiplexing instead of simple TDM is used and a larger input bandwidth than an output bandwidth is used, so that a statistical multiplex effect is accomplished. In addition, standard interface is used for input and output interface, so existing universal chips can be used.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical transmission system in which multiple optical frequencies can be efficiently used and the change of the system can be easily made, and to provide an optical demultiplexer suitable for such optical transmission system. In an optical demultiplexer according to the present invention, signal light having a plurality of wavelength components arranged on a grid having predetermined frequency intervals is input from an input port thereof to be demultiplexed. The demultiplexed signal lights output from the output ports thereof have a plurality of wavelength components, respectively, and any three wavelength components, fa, fb, and fd, that satisfy the following conditions: fa<fb<fd; and fd−fa≦N&Dgr;f have the following relationship: 2fb≠fa+fd where N represents an integer, and &Dgr;f represents each of the predetermined frequency intervals.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for multiplexing a target communication port to provide an additional independent communication channel that shares at least some portion of hardware otherwise associated with the target port. Typically, a target port device, such as a disk drive, is also connected to the target port. An out-of-band signal indicates when the shared hardware is being used to provide the additional independent communication channel to avoid interfering with the target port device. A communication board with one or more communication ports may be coupled to the additional independent communication channel for communicating data from the target system to other devices or systems, such as a host system, through the communication board. In communicating with the target system, the communication board may emulate a particular communication interface that is supported by the target port.

Abstract: A system for adding a time stamp to transmission traffic on a network comprises a front end processor that receives a packet from the network and generates a Start Of Frame pulse and a LENGTH field corresponding to a length of the packet. A time stamp generator generates a time stamp by sampling the system master time counter. A synchronizer receives the SOF pulse and the LENGTH field from the front end processor, and generates a control signal. A multiplexer inputs the packet from the front end processor, the control signal and the time stamp, and outputs a modified packet with a field in the packet replaced by the time stamp.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrooptic Q-switch element made of a single crystal. The invention includes a langasite (LGS) single crystal and a reflection element located on one side of the langasite crystal along the light propagation direction. A light beam penetrates the LGS crystal along the main optical axis, is reflected by the reflection element, and passes through the LGS crystal again, so that the rotation angle of the polarization plane of the light originating from the optical activity is zero degrees. One advantage of the electrooptic Q-switch is its low, adjustable, high stable half-wave voltage. The invention can overcome the problems associated with current commercial Q-switches, such as high, non-adjustable, low stable half-wave voltage and great half-wave voltage variation with temperature.

Abstract: An optical fourth-harmonic generation system includes a resonant cavity configured to support electromagnetic radiation of a fundamental frequency and a fourth-harmonic generator disposed within the resonant cavity produces electromagnetic radiation of a fourth-harmonic frequency by an interaction with radiation of the fundamental frequency. The fundamental radiation is characterized by a p polarization that is complementary to an s polarization that characterizes the fourth-harmonic radiation. The fourth-harmonic generator has an output facet oriented substantially at a Brewster's angle with respect to the fundamental radiation to separate the fundamental radiation from the fourth-harmonic radiation as they emerge from the output facet.

Abstract: A wavelength of an optical source is monitored by first and second adjacent detectors on a common base. A bulk reflective component has first and second partially reflective surfaces that respectively direct first and second portions of energy from the source to the first and second detectors. A wavelength discriminator is positioned between the first detector and first surface. An optical isolator downstream of the reflective component prevents radiation from the source and exiting the component from being coupled to the detectors and back to the source.

Abstract: As a composite laser rod capable of satisfying the positional stability and output stability of a laser beam, a laser rod in which a laser active element is doped is intimately inserted into a hollow portion of a non-doped ceramic pipe that has a crystal structure the same as the laser rod followed by baking so as to remove a gap and strain at an interface between the laser rod and the ceramic pipe after the baking further followed by polishing a surface of the ceramic pipe to form a ceramic skin layer, and thereby a composite laser rod is formed. In the composite laser rod, an influence due to fluctuation in the cooling capacity of cooling water or a heat sink is averaged by a non-doped skin layer, temperature fluctuation of the laser rod is suppressed, and an influence of vibration from the cooling water or a cooling fan can be suppressed.

Abstract: In a disclosed laser module, a usage amount of organic adhesive is set to no more than 1.0 g/ml. Thus, an equilibrium density of outgas components from the adhesive after an air removal treatment is less than 1000 ppm. In another laser module, a heat sink at which a semiconductor laser element is adhered on a submount, an electrode terminal wire-connected with the laser element, a photodiode wire-connected with the electrode terminal, and a zeolite adsorbent are fixedly provided on a stem. These are ring-welded in a container in a dry air atmosphere (80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen). In still another laser module, sixteen multiplexed lasers are disposed in a container. The container is connected with an air circulation apparatus, which is provided with a filter for removing contaminants, a rotary pump for circulating inert gas, and a valve for controlling replenishment of the gas.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser device, a plane of polarization of a laser beam emitted by a semiconductor laser (4) is inclined from a substrate surface (4A), allowing the semiconductor laser (4) to be higher in power and higher in reliability. Moreover, a die-bond surface (17) of this semiconductor laser (4) is inclined by a specified inclination angle &thgr; with respect to the reference surface (3) of the stem body (1), so that the plane of polarization of the laser beam can be made generally parallel to the reference surface (3) of the stem body (1). Thus, there can be provided a semiconductor laser device which is capable of contributing to a thinning of an optical pickup device and easy to manufacture.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser in which modulation-doping is performed to an active layer of a multiple quantum well structure, emission efficiency and a modulation-band are sufficiently improved. A semiconductor laser has an active layer formed between a p-type cladding layer and an n-type cladding layer. The active layer has multiple quantum wells with a plurality of barrier layers and well layers, and p-type modulation-doping is performed to at least one barrier layer. More specifically, a quantity of p-type modulation-dope of a barrier layer close to a p-cladding layer is smaller than that of a barrier layer close to an n-cladding layer. Therefore, a differential gain and high-speed response can be improved while suppressing nonluminous recombination. At the same time, since the concentration of holes is high in a well layer distant from the p-type cladding layer, the nonuniformity of carriers can also be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a semiconductor device for producing laser light from an active layer. The semiconductor device includes a ridge-shaped mesa including the active layer, current block layers formed so as to bury both sides of the mesa, a diffusion block layer formed on the mesa and the current block layers so as to be concatenated, and a p-InP clad layer formed on the diffusion block layer and containing a predetermined impurity. It is possible to restrain a reduction in the resistance of each current block layer due to the diffusion of the impurity of the p-InP clad layer into the current block layers and realize a high-speed operation of a laser with a modulator.