Abstract: This patent document discloses a harness for dogs with crippled hindquarters. The harness includes a sling for supporting the dog's belly near its hindquarters. A D-ring is mounted on each end of the sling. A rod-like handgrip for a human handler is detachably connected with the D-rings by snap-lock connectors. The inside layer of the sling that contacts the dog's skin comprises a launderable barrier fabric of polyester knit textile. The same material is used on the outside layer, but preferably only near the opposite end-portions likely to contact the skin or clothing of the handler. The mid-portion of the outer layer is of polypropylene since it does not normally contact the handler's skin or clothing. The sling of a second embodiment comprises a composite strap of nylon and sheepskin.

Abstract: A dog run and apparatus adapted to accommodate more than one dog. The apparatus includes a spring-tensioned run line. One end of a primary leash line is mounted on the run line via a swivel connection and pulley. One end of a secondary leash line is mounted on the primary leash line via a swivel connection and pulley. A second end of the primary and secondary leash lines is connected to a respective dog's collar. The elevation of the run line above grade and the linear dimensions of the run line and leash lines have been chosen to afford ample run area for the dogs and to provide room for maneuvering without causing the leash lines to tangle and snarl.

Abstract: A thunderstorm fear-reducing garment to be worn by dogs. The lining of the garment proximate to the dog made, at least in major part, of an electrically conductive material such as lamé which contains metallic thread. The garment discharges the dog's fur of static electricity and provides a shield prior to and during an electrical thunderstorm.

Abstract: A process for heating steam, wherein(a) steam is obtained by indirect heat exchange between liquid water and a hot gas,(b) the steam obtained in step (a) is heated by indirect heat exchange with the partly cooled hot gas obtained in step (a),(c) additional water is added to the steam obtained in step (a) prior to or during heating the steam in step (b).

Abstract: In a cooling system for a motor vehicle engine having indirect charge air cooling, including a general cooling circuit for cooling a power-generating unit which comprises a coolant pump and a main coolant cooler, and an additional cooling circuit which branches off at an output point from the general cooling circuit and returns to the latter at an in-coupling point between the main coolant cooler and the coolant pump and contains an additional coolant cooler, means are provided for sensing the coolant temperature in an area where the coolant of the general cooling circuit and of the additional cooling circuit are mixed and also means for controlling the coolant flow as a function of the sensed coolant temperature.

Abstract: A piston cooling system and associated piston are provided which effectively cools and lubricates the upper crown portion of a piston and the connecting rod/piston pin area using a single cooling nozzle. The piston cooling system includes a piston having a cooling gallery, a cooling nozzle positioned to direct cooling oil through a flow path to the entrance of the cooling gallery, and a deflecting surface positioned in the flow path to deflect a portion of the cooling oil into a deflected flow path toward the connecting rod and piston pin area. The deflecting surface may be formed on a baffle plate positioned as the bottom wall of the cooling gallery or may be integrally formed on the piston body.

Abstract: A portable power working machine (10) is disclosed, which is capable of effectively improving the performance thereof to cool the internal combustion engine (20), and also capable of preventing an air cleaner (30) of the air intake system of the internal combustion engine (20) from being clogged with dust. This portable power working machine is characteristic in that it comprises a guiding wall (28) disposed on one side of a main housing (12) and at a location rear to a cooling fan (25) and projected inward therefrom for guiding cooling air toward the cylinder (21) of the internal combustion engine (20); an intake passageway (50) formed at a location rear to the cooling fan (25) for introducing air into an air-intake system (30, 34, 35) of the internal combustion engine (20); and an air-intake port (55) for the intake passageway (50), the air-intake port (55) being positioned in the vicinity of a root portion (28a) of the rear face of the guiding wall (28).

Abstract: The water jacket includes at least two exhaust ports configured to exhaust combusted gases from a cylinder. The water jacket also defines a lower path, an higher path, and a central path. The higher path is configured for circulating cooling fluid above the at least two exhaust ports. The lower path is configured for circulating cooling fluid below the at least two exhaust ports. Also, the central path fluidly couples the lower path to the higher path. The central path also separates the at least two exhaust ports from one another. The central path is also configured for circulating cooling fluid between said at least two exhaust ports. A restricted portion is formed in the lower path on one side of said central path. The restricted portion is configured to restrict flow through the restricted portion of the lower path, thereby forcing cooling fluid through the central path.

Abstract: A middle deck of a cylinder head having a partition that separates the exhaust and suction sides thereof to make the engine oil flow longer at the exhaust side having a greater area adjacent to a water jacket and cool off to a required level of temperature by enlarging the radiation area with a plurality of radiation protruders.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve turbine efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. A turbocharged engine according to the present invention comprises an actuator for driving an exhaust valve and control means for controlling this actuator. The actuator is controlled (2) such that the exhaust valve opens from an identical valve opening start timing to but more rapidly than a case (1) in which a mechanical cam is used. As a result of the rapid opening of the exhaust valve, a strong exhaust pulse with a large peak value is obtained, whereby turbine efficiency is improved and accordingly fuel consumption is reduced. Since valve opening begins at an identical timing to a case in which a mechanical cam is used, the exhaust gas is not unnecessarily compressed and thus fuel consumption does not increase.

Abstract: An engine valve actuation system is provided. The engine valve actuation system includes an intake valve that is moveable between a first position to prevent a flow of fluid and a second position to allow a flow of fluid. A cam assembly is configured to move the intake valve between the first position and the second position. A fluid actuator is configured to selectively prevent the intake valve from moving to the first position. A source of fluid is in fluid communication with the fluid actuator. A directional control valve is configured to control a flow of fluid between the source of fluid and the fluid actuator. A check valve is disposed between the directional control valve and the source of fluid, only allowing fluid flow from the fluid source to the directional control valve. A bleed orifice may be disposed between the directional control valve and the source of fluid, in parallel with the check valve.

Abstract: A valve system for an internal combustion engine has first rocker arms supported by a rocker shaft such that they rock when driven by first cams; a second rocker arm supported by the rocker shaft such that it rocks when driven by a second cam, the second rocker arm being disposed adjacent to the first rocker arms; a connection switching mechanism that switches the first rocker arms between a state of being connected to the second rocker arm and a state of being disconnected from the second rocker arm; a forcing member that forces the second rocker arm toward the second cam while the second rocker arm is rocking; a supporting member rotatably supported by a support shaft provided on a cylinder head to support the forcing member; and a locking structure that inhibits the supporting member from rotating about the support shaft.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control device includes a rotation member for opening or closing a valve, a rotation transmission member engaged with the rotation member to be relatively rotatable, a vane provided on either one of the rotation member or the rotation transmission member, a hydraulic chamber formed between the rotation member and the rotation transmission member and including an advance angle chamber and a retarded angle chamber, the advance angle chamber and the retarded angle chamber being formed by dividing the hydraulic chamber by the vane, a first hydraulic passage for supplying and discharging a fluid to the advance angle chamber, and a second hydraulic passage for supplying and discharging the fluid to the retarded angle chamber. The vane includes a surface hardness determined to be higher than a surface hardness of a sliding surface of the rotation member or the rotation transmission member for sliding the vane.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control device includes a rotation member unitary fixed to a rotation shaft for controlling a valve timing assembled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine to be rotatable, a rotation transmission member engaged with the rotation member to be relatively rotatable, a vane provided on either one of the rotation member or the rotation transmission member, a hydraulic pressure chamber formed between the rotation member and the rotation transmission member and is divided into an advance angle chamber and a retarded angle chamber by the vane, and a detection member for detecting a relative rotation phase between the rotation member and a crankshaft. The detection member is press fitted into a cylindrical portion formed in an axial direction of the rotation member and the rotation member is fixed to the rotation member by a tightening member.

Abstract: A valve opening/closing timing control apparatus and method can be used with a camshaft whose rotation is synchronized with opening/closing timing of an intake valve or an exhaust valve in an internal combustion engine; a relative rotation angle adjustment mechanism which transmits torque of a crankshaft in the internal combustion engine to the camshaft and which adjusts a relative rotation angle between the crankshaft and the camshaft; and a lock mechanism which depends on hydraulic fluid, and which mechanically locks or unlocks the relative rotation angle that is adjusted by the relative rotation angle adjustment mechanism. The apparatus and method determine the duration of a time period from a start of the internal combustion engine until a start of relative rotation angle adjustment, based upon an unlocking force of the hydraulic fluid that is applied to the lock mechanism when the lock mechanism is locked and the internal combustion engine is started.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing lubricant to a plurality of hydraulic lifters in an internal combustion engine is disclosed, in which the amount of gas bubbles present in the lubricant provided to the lifters is reduced or eliminated so that lifter noise is reduced or prevented. The apparatus, which is part of an internal combustion engine that includes valve trains with hydraulic lifters that are positioned proximate the crankcase and one another, includes a lifter feed gallery that receives lubricant from a feed passage, and communicates the lubricant to lifter feed holes. The lifter feed holes in turn communicate the lubricant to the respective hydraulic lifters. At or near the top of the lifter feed gallery proximate where the feed passage is coupled to the gallery is a single bleed orifice, which diverts gas bubbles away from the gallery and into the crankcase.

Abstract: A carburetor start pump circuit, for starting an engine has an auxiliary fuel pump mounted on a relatively standard carburetor body, a start pulse passage extending through the carburetor body to the auxiliary fuel pump, and a fuel circuit having an intake side which extends from a metering chamber of the carburetor body to the auxiliary fuel pump and a discharge side which is interconnected to the intake side and extends from the auxiliary fuel pump to a throttle bore in the air intake of the carburetor body. To prevent the engine from stalling, a restriction jet is placed within the start pulse passage to prevent the auxiliary fuel pump from discharging fuel into the throttling bore when the engine transmits pulses at high frequencies.

Abstract: An air intake system which includes a first member, a second member connected to the first member for forming an air intake passage for introducing an intake air from an upstream mechanism of an engine to cylinders of the engine, a first convex portion provided on either one of the first member or the second member, and a groove portion for forming a clearance by engaging with the convex portion on the other of the second member or the first member. The liquid sealing agent is charged into the clearance.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having one or more power pistons reciprocating in one or more cylinders has at least one fuel inlet valve of the piston type at each cylinder. An inlet valve sleeve has an open end at the top of the cylinder and has fuel inlet ports situated away from the cylinder. A valve piston in the sleeve is movable towards the cylinder and away from the cylinder by an actuator system to open and close the valve. The actuator system varies timing and duration of the open periods of the valve to control engine power output thereby eliminating any need for a throttle valve and its attendant power losses. Valve piston movement also varies the effective compression ratio in the engine cylinder as a function of power output thereby further increasing fuel efficiency.

Abstract: A crankshaft assembly (18) for a VDIC engine (16) of an automotive vehicle (14) includes a crankshaft (44) integrated within an internal combustion engine (16). The crankshaft (44) has at least two pendulum vibration absorber assemblies (58) integrated therein. Each pendulum vibration absorber assembly (58) includes a counterweight member (60) integrally formed within the crankshaft (44). The counterweight member (60) has a desired counterweight mass for providing, in conjunction with the mass of the assembly (58), first order engine balance. The counterweight member (60) has a pendulum (64) pivotally coupled thereto. The pendulum (64) has a desired mass and geometry for attenuating torsional fluctuation.

Abstract: A method of modifying a combustion seal of a diesel engine fitted with a cylinder liner having an annular top sealing ridge which is damaged or mispositioned so as to interrupt the combustion seal is provided. The method includes exposing the sealing ridge and, without removing the liner from the engine, clamping and plastically deforming a combustion seal shim against the sealing ridge to perfect the combustion seal.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: A belt drive system can appropriately transmit power of an electric rotating machine without setting initial belt tension to be large. In the belt drive system, a stationary tension pulley 18 is located on the side opposite to a crank pulley with respect to an electric rotating machine pulley 13 so that contact angle of a belt that is wrapped around the electric rotating machine pulley 13 in contact therewith may be in a range of 130° to 230°; an idle pulley 17a of a first stopper-equipped auto-tensioner 17 is located between the electric rotating machine pulley 13 and an internal combustion engine crank pulley 2; and position of the idle pulley 17a is fixed at the time of starting an internal combustion engine; while the idle pulley 17a coming to be movable at the time of driving the electric rotating machine as a generator.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with a new combustion chamber comprising: short-flap pistons having an absolutely flat head; a cylinder cover having an absolutely flat bottom surface, and a distance “X” between the piston head and the bottom surface of the cylinder cover when the piston is at its TDC, which forms the combustion chamber, i.e., the space comprised between the piston's top surface or piston head, the walls of the cylinder, and the bottom flat surface of the cylinder cover.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber, a fuel injection valve and a spark plug. The combustion chamber has a piston including an outer cavity located in a top surface of the piston and an inner cavity located in the outer cavity. The outer and inner cavities are substantially axially symmetrical about the reciprocation axis of the piston. The fuel injection valve is arranged adjacent the reciprocation axis of the piston to inject a fuel stream directly into the combustion chamber. The spark plug is arranged adjacent the reciprocation axis of the piston to ignite a fuel-air mixture inside the combustion chamber. The direct fuel injection internal combustion engine further comprises a control unit configured to vary at least one of frequency and start timings of the fuel injection valve based on an engine operating condition.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting pilot fuel in a combustion engine. The method and apparatus includes determining a load of the engine, determining a desired injection timing of the pilot fuel and a desired quantity of pilot fuel to be injected as a function of a desired homogeneous distribution of the pilot fuel based on the engine load, and adjusting the injection timing and quantity of the pilot fuel to the desired values.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air flow twisting device that can twist the air in an air inlet system of internal combustion engine. This device can be installed between an air filter and an engine combustion chamber. The device includes a body having a bore therethrough and a length. The device can be made from various materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.

Abstract: Lost motion systems and methods for providing engine valves with variable valve actuation for engine valve events are disclosed. The system may include a master piston hydraulically linked to a slave piston, and a dedicated cam operatively connected to the master piston. The slave piston may be disposed substantially perpendicular to the master piston in a common housing. The slave piston is adapted to actuate one or more engine valves. The slave piston may incorporate an optional valve seating assembly into its upper end. A trigger valve may be operatively connected to the master-slave hydraulic circuit to selectively release and add hydraulic fluid to the circuit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, such as after an engine cold start, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders having a first ignition timing, and a second group of cylinders having a second ignition timing more retarded than the first group. In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also can change to combusting all cylinders at substantially the same ignition timing under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: An idle speed control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which, when the internal combustion engine is started in a cold mode, provides ignition timing engine speed control (m1) such that ignition timing in which said ignition driving device performs ignition in the internal combustion engine is retarded and the engine speed of the internal combustion engine is controlled to the target engine speed, and then provides intake air quantity engine speed control (m2) such that the engine speed of the internal combustion engine is feedback-controlled to the target engine speed by controlling the intake air quantity of the internal combustion engine. As a result, it is possible to prevent the exhaust gas temperature from being increased insufficiently due to a deficiency in retard angle, and to prevent the activation of a catalytic converter from being delayed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of a engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air-fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e. without fuel injection.) In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: auto speed control, sensor diagnostics, air-fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, and default operation. In addition, the engine control method also disables the split air/lean operating mode under preselected operating conditions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: An on-vehicle engine control apparatus carries out engine drive control and throttle control using one single CPU and improves safety. The apparatus includes a load relay for feeding a power to a motor that controls throttle valve opening, a first IC (integrated circuit element) containing a CPU, and a second IC connected to the first IC via serial interfaces. The apparatus further includes a first mutual diagnostic device incorporated in the first IC and diagnoses operation of the second IC, a second mutual diagnostic device incorporated in the second IC to diagnoses operation of the first IC, and a detector for detecting an abnormality in operation of each system involved in throttle valve control. Operation of the load relay is controlled based on diagnostic results and abnormality detection results of the first and second mutual diagnostic devices.

Abstract: A method is described for regulating the fuel injection of an internal combustion engine, to which combustion air is fed through an intake tract, in which two final control elements which are connected in series in the intake tract and in each case control the air mass flow through the intake tract are controlled in respect of their position, an air mass flow (MF) into the intake tract and also an induction manifold pressure (P) prevailing in the intake tract between the final control elements are measured and measurement values are formed in the process, the actual position of both final control elements and the actual rotational speed of the internal combustion engine are sensed and model values for air mass flow (MF) and induction manifold pressure (P) are determined therefrom in an invertible numeric model and an alignment of the model is effected by means of the measurement values and model values, and desired positions for the two final control elements are ascertained from desired values for the air ma

Abstract: In an electronic control type throttle valve apparatus, a throttle valve position sensor includes a magnet provided at a throttle valve shaft and a hall element which output changes in accordance with the rotational deviation of the magnet. The hall element is housed within a sensor chip together with an amplifier circuit. In a control unit provided separately from the sensor chip, there are provided with an A/D conversion circuit for converting an analog output from the hall element through the amplifier circuit into a digital signal and a digital processing circuit for performing temperature compensation and zero-span adjustment of the hall element in a digital manner.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: A fuel rail is provided which includes a housing formed by a first member with a first thickness. A bracket is provided, connected to the first member to connect the fuel rail to an internal combustion engine. A second stamped member is provided and is sealably connected to the first member to form a control volume therewith. The second member has a second thickness that is materially lower than the first thickness. Accordingly, the second member has a wall to damp pulsations caused by the opening and closing of the injectors fluidly connected with the rail.

Abstract: A throttle valve for a high-pressure diesel pump of an injection device of a motor vehicle has at least one piston movable by a medium under pressure against a counter force and has at least one throttle location. A prestage valve in the form of a pressure control valve having a valve body is provided. The pressure control valve comprises a piezo drive. The piezo drive has at least one piezo element. A tappet is connected to the at least one piezo element. The tappet secures the valve body in a closing position. A bushing is provided in which the piston is slidably guided. The bushing has at least one annular groove into which at least one control bore opens.

Abstract: A pressure sensor subsystem measures the pressure within a fuel pump and outputs an under-pressure signal when the measured pressure is below a predetermined threshold pressure value. A temperature sensor subsystem measures the temperature within the fuel pump and outputs an over-temperature signal when the measured temperature is above a predetermined threshold temperature value. A timing circuit monitors the pressure sensor subsystem and the temperature sensor subsystem for output of the under-pressure and over-temperature signals and outputs a pump disconnect signal when at least one of the signals is output for a prescribed time duration. A power controller disengages power from the pump upon output of a pump disconnect signal by the timing circuit.

Abstract: An integrated fuel management system and method for controlling the fuel storage and delivery in a vehicle. The fuel management system includes a fuel storage tank for storing fuel in a vehicle, a vapor collection canister located within the fuel storage tank, a vent actuator coupled to the vapor collection canister for venting gas from the canister during a vent operation, and a purge actuator is coupled to the vapor collection canister for purging fuel vapor from the vapor collection canister during a purge operation. A variable speed fuel pump is disposed within the fuel storage tank for delivering fuel to a fuel delivery line for an engine. The fuel management system has a controller provided in a module disposed in communication with the fuel for controlling the amount of fuel pumped with the variable speed fuel pump to deliver fuel to the fuel delivery line and further controlling the purge and vent actuators.

Abstract: A diesel engine (E) has a combustion chamber (C), a piston (T) movable in the chamber, air intake and exhaust valves (IV, EV), and a nozzle (N) injecting fuel into the combustion chamber. By controlling hydraulic flow characteristics of an air-fuel mixture particulate matter (PM) produced by combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the chamber is reduced to a level which meets the Tier 2 requirements established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the engine. This is further accomplished by increasing the injection pressure of the air and fuel injected into the chamber, changing the size and/or shape of the injector nozzle to increase a ratio of the air to fuel while fuel is injected into the chamber through the nozzle, increasing the compression ratio within the combustion chamber, lowering the manifold air temperature (MAT), and retarding the start of ignition injection (SOI) within the chamber.

Abstract: A suction jet pump for delivering fuel from a tank to an internal combustion is driven by fuel and delivers fuel from a tank into a collecting receptacle of a fuel delivery unit. The pump achieves a greater surface area of the jet with the same volumetric flow of the propulsion jet and the same velocity of the jet, and thus achieves a higher delivery capacity than known devices. The efficiency is increased significantly. A pin is disposed in the cross section of the nozzle outlet, which pin extends into a mixing chamber and increases the surface area of the jet.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device for a liquid fuel introduction system that propagates ultrasonic waves through liquid fuel, improving the combustion efficiency of the liquid fuel. The propagated waves cause a reduction or unification of fuel droplet size by breaking apart larger fuel droplets into a distribution of uniform sized fuel droplets, thereby producing a smoother combustion wavefront in an internal combustion engine. The end result is greater fuel efficiency of the I.C.E. The ultrasonic wave is produced via at least one piezoelectric transducer having first and second electrodes adapted to receive an input signal of predetermined frequency and voltage which produces vibrations within a piezoelectric element for generating ultrasonic waves, respectively. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is varied and tailored so that the most efficient frequency is matched to the specification of a particular fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, etc.).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: There is described a method of controlling injection in a vehicle internal combustion engine, wherein the intake air flow and exhaust lambda are measured to estimate the fuel quantity actually injected into the engine and perform a closed-loop control whereby the estimated fuel quantity is made to substantially equal the nominal fuel quantity calculated to meet vehicle user requirements. More specifically, the difference between the nominal fuel quantity and the estimated fuel quantity is used to calculate a correction factor by which to correct the nominal fuel quantity.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, such as after an engine cold start, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders having a first ignition timing, and a second group of cylinders having a second ignition timing more retarded than the first group. In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also can change to combusting all cylinders at substantially the same ignition timing under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Abstract: A fixed point contact practicing machine includes a vertically popping device being disposed on a base of the practicing machine; a penetrating hole being disposed on the lateral side of the hole on the top of a loading stand of the popping device; and a penetrating hole being disposed at the bottom of a suspending stand, such that a locking element being installed in the loading stand; a cylinder module being coupled to the bottom of the suspending stand, and its contractible axle extending inside the suspending stand; a compressed spring being installed onto the contractible axle, and the accommodating chamber being coupled to the top section of the loading stand, and a penetration hole being disposed on the lateral side of its pipe wall, thereby the penetrating hole extending to a ball guiding track, and being fixed in position by a propping board; so that the base ball being accommodated in the accommodating chamber when the contractible axle of the pressure cylinder pushing out and at the same time, push