Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical adsorption solution prepared by dissolving a silane-based chemical adsorption material in a non-aqueous organic solvent, in which the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture including a first non-aqueous organic solvent and a second non-aqueous organic solvent having a boiling point higher than that of the first non-aqueous organic solvent. A preferable difference in the boiling point is at least 10° C. Preferably, the first non-aqueous organic solvent has a boiling point of not more than 120° C. and the second non-aqueous organic solvent has a boiling point of not less than 150° C. The chemical adsorption solution coated on a substrate is concentrated by evaporating the solvent having the lower boiling point, so that a chemically adsorbed film having a uniform film thickness can be formed in a short time.

Abstract: A solvent borne coating composition comprising a resin, a polyether modified dimethylpolysiloxane, and parachlorobenzotrifluoride.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a leakage water cut-off agent that has an excellent power to seal a water leakage site by a simple process without damaging the appearance of a building. A leakage water cut-off agent of the present invention comprises (a) a surfactant, (b) an aluminium compound and (c) a basic substance, and further comprises water if necessary.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide with the following physicochemical properties: 1. Average particle size (D50 value)D50≧150 nm (dynamic light scattering, 30 wt %) 2. Viscosity (5 rpm, 30 wt %) &eegr;≦100 m·Pas 3. Thixotropy of Ti (&eegr;(5 rpm))/(&eegr;(50 rpm))≦2 4. BET surface area 30-60 m2/g 5. Compacted bulk=100-160 g/L 6. Original pH≦4.5 can be used for the preparation of dispersions and glass bodies.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining substrate temperature and the mirror center of a film structure formed on the substrate utilizes a transmission intensity spectrum of light to determine mirror center and a normalized transmission intensity spectrum of light to determine substrate temperature. White light is transmitted through the substrate and the film structure during the film structure formation process. Also during the film formation process, a reflected light intensity spectrum is obtained using the same or another light source, for light reflected by the film structure. Substrate temperature and mirror center may be determined during formation of the film structure and, based on the measured temperature and mirror center, the mirror center may be adjusted by changing film formation conditions during the film formation process to vary the thickness of the films being formed.

Abstract: A thick GaN layer is grown on sapphire through an Au layer at a temperature lower than the melting point of 1064° C. of the Au layer, and temperature of a sample is raised to reach and exceed the melting point of the Au layer so that the Au layer is dissolved. In this state, the sapphire and GaN layer are separated from each other.

Abstract: A dust pan for facilitating emptying of debris from the dust pan, that is nestable one within another for decreased shipping costs, and that can be easily and inexpensively manufactured as a single piece.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and a device to allow a “rigid” pig to pass into an undersea flow pipe in which a hollow flow-constricting device is in use. According to the invention the device is provided with a first pipe branch and a second pipe branch. The first pipe branch is provided with a hollow flow-constricting device in it and both first and second pipe branches are provided with shut-off valves, whereby the flow can be diverted to the second pipe branch thereby enabling a rigid pig to pass into such second pipe branch, when necessary.

Abstract: A substrate cleaning method of the present invention enables effective cleaning of a wafer having a recess therein without causing any increase in cleaning costs. Ozone gas and ammonia water are supplied to an area right above a wafer 7 having a recess therein, and a gas-dissolving liquid is produced by dissolving the ozone gas in the ammonia water. The gas-dissolving liquid is used to carry out contact and non-contact types of physical cleaning on the wafer.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to the prevention of copper oxidation during copper anneal processes. In one aspect of the invention, copper oxidation is prevented by carrying out the anneal in the presence of one or more organic reducing agents.

Abstract: A method of coating aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates not only imparts a corrosion resistance comparable or even superior to that afforded by chromate treatment but also improves the adhesion to the coating film, while the luster of aluminum is fully retained, notwithstanding the use of a chromium-free treating solution, resulting in an improved coated article with the coated surface having a metallic luster. The method comprises treating an aluminum or aluminum alloy substrate with an acidic solution containing sulfuric acid and 0.2 to 0.4 g/L of a ferric ion and having a pH value of 0.6 to 2.0, subjecting the same to chemical conversion treatment with an acidic coat-forming agent containing 0.01 to 0.125 g/L of a zirconium or titanium ion, 0.01 to 1.0 g/L of a phosphate ion, and 0.01 to 0.5 g/L of a fluoride ion and having a pH value of 1.5 to 4.0, followed by coating.

Abstract: According to the method of the present invention, the ball plug is press fit into the counterbored passage of a fuel injector nozzle assembly prior to hardening of the fuel injector nozzle assembly. A core hardening and gas nitriding process is then applied to the assembly, causing the ball plug to expand and the passage diameter to shrink. This results in a greatly increased seal between the ball plug and the passage, and substantial elimination of the gaps experienced therebetween in prior art fuel injector nozzle assemblies.

Abstract: The present invention makes the best use of a low-cost chemical composition in providing a high strength and high corrosion resistance stainless steel, which has improved delayed fracture resistance and toughness in particular, for building and construction uses, and as, for example, a stainless steel tapping screw. The present invention is, specifically, a stainless steel and a stainless steel screw with high strength and high toughness and excellent in delayed fracture resistance, characterized by: comprising, by mass, 0.01 to 0.25% of C, 0.05 to 1.0% of Si, 0.1 to 2.0% of Mn, 0.1 to 3.0% of Ni, 11.0 to 16.0% of Cr, 0.01 to 0.15% of N, and 0.01 to 3.0% of Mo; containing, optionally, 0.001 to 0.005% of B and/or one or more of 0.05 to 0.5% of Ti, 0.05 to 0.5% of Nb, and 0.05 to 0.

Abstract: In the present invention, forming is carried out by employing casting to rapidly solidify molten material comprising a copper base alloy containing 3 to 20% Ag (mass % hereinafter), 0.5 to 1.5% Cr and 0.05 to 0.5% Zr. Next, an aging treatment for precipitation is carried out at 450 to 500° C., and the formed article is obtained by precipitation strengthening. In addition, in the aforementioned copper base alloy, molten material comprising a copper base alloy containing Ag in the amount of 3 to 8.5% is solidified by casting, and the solidified article or the hot worked article thereof is subjected to an aging treatment for precipitation and a thermomechanical treatment using forging or rolling, and the casting is obtained by forming the material into a specific shape and carrying out precipitation strengthening.

Abstract: A process for making a copper base alloy comprises the steps of casting a copper base alloy containing tin, zinc, iron and phosphorous and forming phosphide particles uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. The forming step comprises homogenizing the alloy at least once for at least one hour at a temperature from 1000 to 1450° F., rolling to final gauge including at least one process anneal for at least one hour at 650 to 1200° F. followed by slow cooling, and stress relief annealing at final gauge for at lest one hour at 300 to 600° F.

Abstract: In the thermal treatment of continuous-cast or hot-rolled steel strip, by using particular solutions regarding the choice of the strip rolling temperatures, the transfer times from the coiler to the furnace, as well as specific process steps in annealing, it is possible to treat any type of steel by sending the coils of strip, still at a high temperature, directly to the annealing furnace, at the same time maintaining the mechanical and microstructural characteristics obtainable in traditional cold-strip annealing.

Abstract: An ageing process capable of producing an aluminum alloy with better mechanical properties than possible with traditional ageing procedures. The ageing process employs a dual rate heating technique that comprises a first stage in which the aluminum alloy is heated at a first heating rate to a temperature between 100 and 170° C. and a second stage in which the aluminum alloy is heated at a second heating rate to a hold temperature of 160 to 220° C. The first heating rate is at least 100° C./hour and the second heating rate is 5 to 50° C./hour. The entire ageing process is performed in a time of 3 to 24 hours.

Abstract: Compositions of matter for use as propellants, methods of making these compositions, and devices incorporating the compositions, are described. One composition of the invention includes ammonium perchlorate, iron oxide, finely divided silica and a crosslinkable binder. Another general composition of the invention includes ammonium perchlorate, iron oxide, finely divided silica and a crosslinked binder.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to EDE (Energy Dense Explosives), wherein particles of a reducing metal and a metal oxide are dispersed throughout a conventional high explosive. When the resulting EDE is detonated, the reducing metal and the metal oxide combine in an exothermic redox reaction at a speed on the order of a detonation speed of the conventional explosive. The resulting formulation has higher mass per unit volume and energy per unit volume densities than the conventional high explosive alone. Sizes of the reducing metal particles and metal oxide particles and proximities of the particles to each other within the conventional explosive can be adjusted to tailor blast characteristics of a munition, for example to result in a time-pressure curve having a desired shape and duration.

Abstract: A method of making a component of a ceramic discharge chamber comprising the steps of forming a ceramic composition including an aluminum powder, a binder and a grain growth inhibitor. The alumina powder has a tap density greater than 1.0 gram per cc. The ceramic composition is then die pressed to form a component preform. Next, the component preform is heated to remove at least a substantial portion of the binder.

Abstract: Extruded sections of synthetic fibers extruded from a side face of each rib in a V-ribbed belt are plastically deformed in the shape of sectors gradually broadened toward their distal ends. The extruded sections of the synthetic fibers are not heated beyond their melting point during a grinding process so as to be kept unmelted. The extruded sections of the synthetic fibers are raised from the side face of the rib so that microscopic unevenness is formed over the side face of the rib. The synthetic fiber is formed of nylon with a filament diameter of 20 &mgr;m or more.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of end-products made of acrylic fiber, for external use, by the joining of one or more sheets with a copolyamide adhesive, resistant to solar light, the above junction been effected by the melting of said adhesive on the acrylic matrix and subsequent pressing of the glued area with a system capable of exerting an adequate pressure.

Abstract: The present invention is a wafer level integrating method for bonding an un-sliced wafer including image sensors and a wafer-sized substrate including optical components thereon. A zeroth order light reflective substrate is provided between the un-sliced wafer and the wafer-sized substrate. The image sensors are either CMOS or CCD image sensors. The wafer-sized substrate is a transparent plate and the optical components thereon include a blazed grating, a two-dimensional microlens array or other optical-functional elements. The wafer-sized substrate is bonded onto the zeroth order light reflective substrate by an appropriate optical adhesive to form a composite substrate. Bonding pads and bumps are provided at corresponding positions on the bonding surface of the un-sliced wafer and the composite substrate respectively so that the composite substrate and the un-sliced wafer can be bonded together through a reflow process.

Abstract: A process for producing low-density composite components as disclosed herein involves forming a compacted and curable pre-preg into a selected level of compaction whereby voids are capable of forming in the compacted cuable pre-preg. The compacted curable pre-preg is then cured at a pressure sufficiently low to permit evolving gases to form voids in the pre-preg as the pre-preg cures into the composite article. The pre-preg is only partially debulked in the process. Rocket nozzle components can be produced with reduced densities while still exhibiting satisfactory erosion and other characteristics desired for products subject to the harsh erosive environment of a rocket motor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liner for producing a lining tube for carrying out sewer pipe renovation work, comprising at least one layer consisting of at least one tubular, resin-impregnated fiber band and a tubular film located on said at least one fiber band. The aim of the invention is to improve a liner of this type. To the end, a plastic film used for producing the tubular film has a reinforcement in the form of a nonwoven layer on the side facing towards the resin-impregnated fiber bands.

Abstract: A method is provided for making an energy-absorbing assembly for decelerating an object that impacts the assembly. The assembly comprises a base and at least energy-absorbing module associated therewith. To provide predetermined energy-absorption characteristics, the at least one energy-absorbing module is formed from a group consisting of a first structure (A) and a second structure (B). Structure (A) is a metal lattice which supported by the base. Structure (B) comprises a plurality of recesses, each having a floor and a wall. Together, structures (A) and (B) and combinations thereof afford a user-determinable resistance to impact.

Abstract: A laser laminar structure is formed by coating each side of a thin substrate with a bonding resin layer, and then coating each bonding resin layer with a molding resin layer; attaching a transparent laser film provided with fine grooves of a laser image presenting figure, characters or logos to an outer surface of each molding resin layer, so that each molding resin layer is formed at superficial portion with fine lines corresponding to the fine grooves of the laser image on the laser film; baking the molding resin layers at high temperature to harden the fine lines formed thereon; and releasing the transparent laser films from the molding resin layers to provide a thermostable laser laminar structure.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a sandwich panel using the RTM technique, a stack comprising a core (10) with open cells, a film (12) of intumescent material covering each of the faces of the core (10), a dry barrier fabric (14) covering each of the films (12) and an overlay of dry fibers (16) covering each of the barrier fabrics is placed in a mold. During polymerization of the films (12), pressurization of the mold and the presence of the barrier fabrics (14) prevent penetration of the foam into the overlays (16). The resin is then injected into the mold and then polymerized, without danger of penetration into the cells of the core (10).

Abstract: A technique for preventing unauthorized access to a hidden code on a prepaid telephone card. A technique for preventing an undetected access to a hidden number or code on a lottery ticket, prepaid telephone card, game piece, or other type of item. A structure is provided to prevent the embezzlement and viewing of the hidden number on a prepaid card by attaching an opaque film label over the hidden number to conceal the hidden number, attaching a holographic image over the film label, and attaching a transparent film over the holographic image. The transparent film, holographic image, and film label must be removed in order to view the hidden code. When the transparent film, holographic image, and film label are removed, certain marks are left on the card which clearly demonstrate that the hidden number has been accessed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a front plate for plasma display panels with the transparent substrate, electroconductive member and optical film fast adhered to each other, easily produced by a simple process, and excellent in productivity. The present invention further provides a method of producing the same. The present invention provides a front plate for plasma display panels comprising a transparent substrate laminated, at least on one side, with an electroconductive member and at least one type of optical film to form a monolithic structure, wherein (a) two types of adhesive layers of tackifier layer and heat-bond film are orderly placed between the optical film as the outermost layer and the adjacent member, and (b) the transparent substrate, electroconductive member and at least one type of optical film are pressed under heating.

Abstract: A process for the bleaching of lignin present in pulp fibers in an aqueous environment such as a pulp suspension. The invention also relates to a process for producing paper or board from pulp containing bleached lignin. According to the invention carbon dioxide is used for the bleaching of lignin.

Abstract: A high performance purified natural zeolite pigment composition for use in papermaking and paper coating is disclosed. Use of the pigment facilitates manufacture of coated ink jet and digital printing papers with improved quality and economics. The novel zeolite pigment composition can also be used as a supplementary pigment to improve the properties of coated paper and paperboard for flexographic and water-based gravure printing. When used as filler, the novel zeolite pigment composition is readily retained and eliminates print-through in uncoated papers. The novel zeolite pigment is low in abrasion and provides improved coefficient of friction. The novel zeolite pigment is also useful as a microparticulate retention aid in papermaking and as an additive to improve the performance of deinking processes.

Abstract: In a paper machine headbox, a stock suspension flow passes through turbulence pipes (14an) and is distributed into superimposed layers. Stepped expansion spots (16) of the flow cross-section area of the turbulence pipes (14) or the positions of trailing elements starting from between the pipe rows (Rn) and extending to the slice duct (12) of the headbox control the onset and level of turbulence in each layer. Turbulence is generated in different phases of the flow in different layers by arranging the expansion spots (16) and/or the trailing elements in superimposed layers to be located at different distances from the slice opening (13) of the headbox, whereby a different turbulence prevails at the slice opening (13) in different layers of the stock suspension flow.

Abstract: The present invention aims to isolate the azeotropes formed in a distillation column (B1) by methanol, propane and butane. The azeotropes are then liquefied in heat exchanger (E2) and mixed in contactor (M1) with water in order to dissolve the methanol in water. The mixture is then fed into a decantation tank (D2) to separate the aqueous phase from the liquid hydrocarbon phase. Finally, an aqueous phase containing methanol is discharged and the methanol-depleted hydrocarbon phase is recycled to distillation column (B1) as reflux.

Abstract: A system and method for performing sputter deposition includes at least one ion source that generates at least one ion current directed at first and second targets, at least one electron source that generates at least one electron current directed at the first and second targets, and circuitry that biases the first and second targets with independent first and second DC voltage pulse signals. A first current sensor, coupled to the biasing circuitry, monitors a positive current and a negative current from the first target during one or more cycles of the first DC voltage pulse signal, and a second current sensor, coupled to the biasing circuitry, monitors a positive current and a negative current from the second target during one or more cycles of the second DC voltage pulse signal. A controller, coupled to the first and second current sensors, varies the at least one ion current independently from the at least one electron current.

Abstract: A method for producing flat panels for TFT or plasma display applications includes forming a sputter source within a sputter coating chamber, the source having at least two electrically mutually isolated stationery bar-shaped target arrangements. A controlled magnet arrangement provided under each target with a time-varying magnetron field.

Abstract: A photocatalytically-assisted self-cleaning (“PASC”) coating on a substrate enables the substrate to shed dirt simply by rinsing with water. A method of making a PASC coating includes depositing by chemical vapor deposition an alkali metal diffusion barrier layer on a substrate; sputtering an ultraviolet radiation activated layer on the alkali metal diffusion barrier layer at a temperature of 100° C. or less; and, without heating above 100° C., exposing the ultraviolet radiation activated layer to ultraviolet radiation to form the self-cleaning substrate. The sputter deposition of the ultraviolet radiation activated layer on the chemical vapor deposited alkali metal diffusion barrier layer allows the ultraviolet radiation activated layer to be activated upon exposure to UV radiation without first having been heated during and/or after deposition.

Abstract: An aqueous ionomer gel having a high viscosity, particularly a proton conducting ionomer, as well as to related products incorporating such gels. Such aqueous ionomer gels are suitable for suspending catalysts for formation of catalyst inks, which in turn are suitable for screen printing on a variety of surfaces. Representative surfaces are the electrode or membrane surfaces in an electrochemical fuel cell. Methods for making aqueous ionomer gels are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus and a process for electropolishing a product or metallic device made from a metal alloy. The electropolishing apparatus includes a cathode formed of a tubular member and an anode formed by the metallic device to be electropolished. Both the tubular member and the metallic device are positioned within an electrolytic solution and current is passed through the anode to effect the electropolishing process. The invention is useful for electropolishing metal stents formed of metallic alloys, such as cobalt-chromium-tungsten, in which the stent is positioned within the tubular member and immersed in an electrolytic solution for a predetermined time. The electropolishing process using the apparatus of the invention provides an ultrasmooth and shiny metallic surface on the metallic device for metal stents.

Abstract: A plasma reaction chamber, particularly a DC magnetron sputter reactor, in which the plasma density and the ionization fraction of the plasma is increased by a plasma inductive loop passing through the processing space. A tube has its two ends connected to the vacuum chamber on confronting sides of the processing space. An RF coil powered by an RF power supply is positioned adjacent to the tube outside of the chamber and aligned to produce an RF magnetic field around the toroidal circumference of the tube such that an electric field is induced along the tube axis. Thereby, a plasma is generated in the tube in a loop circling through the processing space.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor is disposed downstream from a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine and which can suppress an influence of unburnt hydrocarbon on an output voltage. After forming a platinum thin film on the outer periphery of a zirconia ceramic body, only a detection electrode of the ceramic body is dipped in a silver nitrate aqueous solution of 0.1 mol/l, and the silver nitrate is pyrolyzed through a heat treatment. Subsequently, a platinum reference electrode is formed on the inner periphery of the ceramic body. To protect the silver-doped detection electrode, a protective layer is formed on the surface of the detection electrode. By the exposure to combustion gas and through aging, a detection element is formed, and set into a metal case together with a cylindrical heater, to complete an oxygen sensor to be disposed downstream from a CNG engine catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolytes for copper electroplating that provide enhanced fill of small features with less overplate. Also disclosed are methods of plating substrates, such as electronic devices, using such electrolytes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method utilizing a strip solution for removing gold from the loaded activated carbon used to accumulate such gold leached from gold bearing ore, and for electrically removing such gold from the strip solution by electrowinning. The apparatus includes a pair of strip columns fillable with loaded activated carbon. The strip columns are connectable individually and in series in respective continuous loops using a valved crossover pipe assembly to an electrowinning device, with the strip solution being pumped therethrough.

Abstract: An electrochemical discharge machining method may include electrolytically machining a tool fed by a three-dimensional tool feeder which can accurately feed a tool in three dimensions. The electrolytic machining may be performed in a current controlled mode, during which a concentration and a height of an electrolyte may be regulated. Further, the method may include performing electrochemical discharge machining of the workpiece using the machined tool in a voltage controlled mode.

Abstract: A catalytic support includes a substantial quantity of at least one SVI group Periodic Table metal oxide in which is incorporated silica. The mass ratio between the quantity of SVI group metal oxide and the quantity of silica it contains ranges between 5 and 70, the SVI group metal oxide is in crystalline form, and the specific surface of the support is greater than or equal to 160 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for treating acidic crudes or fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity and corrosivity by addition of suitable amounts of Group IA or Group IIA oxides, hydroxides and hydrates and Group IIA metal naphthenate salts. The process has the additional benefits of reducing materials handling problems associated with treating acidic crude oils using liquid solvents and in reducing emulsion formation.

Abstract: An improved water purification system for production of USP purified water and/or USP water for injection include backwashable, chlorine tolerant microfilter or ultrafilter for initial filtration of the feed water (10). The filtrate from the filter (18) is provided to a dechlorinator (18) prior to being subjected to an optional, reverse osmosis membrane unit (60) and then to a still (66) which discharges purified water at USP standards for purified water or water for injection.

Abstract: Guard columns for high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatuses. These guard columns can be removable and/or metallic guard columns. Further, all of the outlet of the guard column can substantially engage the inlet of an HPLC column in the HPLC apparatus. Also, an HPLC apparatus that includes a guard column, a hand-tightened top end fitting at a first end of the HPLC apparatus and a hand-tightened bottom end fitting at a second end of the HPLC apparatus.

Abstract: A filter assembly includes a bowl assembly and a head member enclosing a filter cartridge. A filter center tube is permanently fixed to the bowl but allowed to rotate within a pocket in the bottom of the bowl. The top of the center tube is threaded for fastening to a stud on the filter mounting head. The center tube cannot be threaded onto the stud without the filter assembled over the center tube and into the bowl. In order to assemble the bowl to the head, the operator must turn the outside of the bowl. If a filter is not present, the bowl will turn independently of the center tube and no torque is transmitted to the threads. When the filter is properly installed, a series of tabs or features spaced around the inner perimeter of the wall of the bowl interlock with corresponding grooves or features in the outside diameter of the end cap of the filter. Tabs or features on the outer diameter of the center tube also interlock with grooves or features in the inside diameter of the end cap.

Abstract: Pervaporation device for the desalination of salt water comprising a channel or cavity for holding or transporting salt water and a liquid-water-impermeable, water-vapour-permeable non-porous membrane, which is made of a copolyether amide wherein the polyether and (poly)amide segments are linked via amide bridges.