Abstract: The present technique provides a system and method for ultrasonically testing a tubular good along the entire axial length of the material using a single ultrasonic test assembly. The ultrasonic test assembly has an ultrasonic tubular inspection unit movable lengthwise along a tubular and an end-crossing extension mechanism adapted to facilitate end inspection of the tubular.

Abstract: A pressure monitoring device comprises a rigid base (2) which has secured thereto a lid (5) to define a hermetically sealed chamber (6). The lid (5) is of flexible metal material and the major surface (5A) of the lid forms a diaphragm which wil deflect in response to changes in the pressure surrounding the monitor. A substrate (7) upon which a plurality of SAW devices are laid down is supported on a rigid frame (3A) of the base so that the central region thereof is unsupported between edges (11, 12). A dimple (10) is formed in the lid (5) and presses on a central region of the substrate (7). Changes in pressure will accordingly cause distortion of the central region of the substrate. The end regions (8, 9) of the substrate (7) carry further SAW devices so that, by analysing the changes in characteristics of all the SAW devices a temperature compensated indication of pressure change, together with an indication of absolute temperature, may be provided by interrogating the SAW devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure transmitter for an overload-proof pressure gauge, comprising a base body, a separating membrane disposed on a pressure-sensitive side of the pressure transmitter and subjectable to a pressure to be measured, a communicating chamber located inside said base body, which receives a pressure transmission medium, said chamber being closed on the pressure-sensitive side by the separating membrane, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the pressure transmission medium is established in such a way that a temperature-induced change in the volume of the communicating chamber equals a temperature-induced change in the volume of the pressure transmission medium.

Abstract: A heat loss gauge for measuring gas pressure in an environment includes a resistive sensing element and a resistive compensating element. The resistive compensating element is in circuit with the sensing element and has temperature response and physical characteristics substantially matching those of the resistive sensing element and is exposed to a substantially matching environment. An electrical source is connected to the sensing element for applying current to heat the sensing element relative to the compensating element. Measuring circuitry is connected to the sensing element and the compensating element for determining gas pressure in the environment to which the sensing element and compensating element are exposed based on electrical response of the sensing element and the compensating element.

Abstract: A pressure gauge having pressure range indicating needles allows the positions of the pressure range indicating needles to be moved without detaching the cover from the pressure gauge body. The pressure gauge has an internal device, a pointer, a pressure scale plate and pressure range indicating needles, which are provided in the pressure gauge body. A window hole is formed in the cover. A transparent cover plate is fitted in the window hole of the cover in such a manner as to be capable of being opened and closed. With the cover left attached to the pressure gauge body, the tip of a screwdriver or the like can be brought into contact with the pressure range indicating needles through the window hole when the transparent cover plate is open, to move the pressure range indicating needles.

Abstract: The present publication discloses a capacitive pressure sensor structure, in particular for measurement of absolute pressure, and a method for manufacturing the sensor. The sensor comprises at least one fixed electrode (3), and at least one movable electrode (6, 7) electrically isolated from said fixed electrode (3) and spaced apart (10) from said fixed electrode (3). According to the invention, a portion of said movable electrode (6, 7) is formed from a porous polycrystalline silicon layer (6) that in a finished component remains as an integral portion of said flexibly movable electrode (6, 7).

Abstract: A differential static pressure measuring or activating device measuring fluid flow through a duct including two pitot tubes each including a proximal end connected to a valve, a distal end portion located in the duct extending generally parallel to each other and perpendicular to the air flow through the duct having open distal ends and a plate located between the distal end portions of the tubes creating a differential static pressure between the open ends of the tubes. The open distal ends of the tubes incline toward the plate such that the open ends face toward and away from the direction of the gas flow through the duct.

Abstract: A stop member is secured to a piezoresistive semiconductor bossed diaphragm at the peripheral area, and includes a first and second slotted apertures in communication with the central active area, the first and second slotted apertures correspond in location with opposing sides of a central boss. The stop member includes a stop cavity located between the first slotted aperture and the second slotted aperture, and the stop cavity overlies the central boss and is separated therefrom to enable the diaphragm to deflect when a force is applied and to enable the central boss to impinge on the surface of the stop cavity when an excessive force is applied. The first and second slotted apertures permit another force to be applied to the active region of the diaphragm in a direction opposite to the stopped direction. A second stop member is secured to the diaphragm to provide stopping in either direction.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted to interact with a cylindrical mold for a gyratory compactor so as to determine a property of the gyratory compactor is provided, wherein the mold is adapted to contain a sample therein. Such an apparatus comprises a rigid disk-shaped plate defining an axis and a periphery, with the plate being adapted to be disposed within the mold. At least one sensing device is operably engaged with the plate, wherein the at least one sensing device is configured to measure a proximity of the at least one sensing device with respect to a reference member and to produce a corresponding signal indicative of the property of the gyratory compactor. In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to determine the gyration angle of the mold, while in another embodiment, the apparatus is configured to determine the pressure exerted on the sample within the mold. The property of the mold may be determined either statically or dynamically. Associated apparatuses, devices, systems, and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A flow meter measures a flow rate of fluid flowing through a flow passage based on a duration of propagation of an ultrasonic wave along the flow passage. A signal of the received ultrasonic wave is then compared with a reference voltage to detect an arrival of the ultrasonic wave. A voltage setting unit determines the reference voltage to an appropriate level according to a signal output from a propagation measuring unit which measures a duration of propagation of the ultrasonic wave along the flow passage from the start of transmission of the ultrasonic wave to the output of a signal from a judging unit as the reference voltage being changed. The reference voltage is determined readily and accurately, the flow meter measures the flow rate with the appropriate reference voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring fluid flow within a high pressure liquid chromatography system. The apparatus includes a pump for supplying a system flow of eluent to the system, a chromatography column, a flow splitting device having a first restrictor fluidly connecting the pump and the chromatography column, a second restrictor fluidly connecting the pump to a waste line, a first fluid pressure sensor monitoring a system fluid pressure upstream of the first restrictor, and a second fluid pressure sensor monitoring a column fluid pressure downstream of the first restrictor. A method of using the apparatus for fluid flow control is also disclosed.

Abstract: A first alternating signal of which phase changes according to changes in the rotation angle of a first shaft is output, and a second alternating signal of which phase changes according to changes in the rotation angle of a second shaft capable of rotating elastically with respect to the first shaft is output. A phase difference correspondence signal of which waveform changes according to changes in the phase difference between the first alternating signal and second alternating signal is output. A value corresponding to the torque transmitted by the first and second shafts is found from the phase difference correspondence signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for analysing liquid samples packed in tubes (6) closed with a top (7) capable of being perforated, includes a support (4) for the tubes and a unit (8) for sampling an aliquot from each tube and delivering it into a receptacle for treatment and/or analysis, the unit (8) including a hollow needle (45) connected to a suction/delivery device and vertically mobile; the support (4) has a circular tray provided with several tube-holders (5) on its periphery and capable of rotating about a vertical axis to bring a position successively and selectively the tubes (6) borne by the tube-holders (5) in line with the unit (8); each tube-holder (5) is connected to the tray (4) through a linkage (31) with two degrees of freedom.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for maintaining differential test probes in a predetermined configuration relative to each other are presented. The apparatus includes a compliant test probe retainer for maintaining at least two test probes in close proximity with each other without either probe twisting about a z-axis, which runs along the shafts of the two test probes.

Abstract: A NoFoam system which permits the testing of the Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting vehicle's foam delivery system.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting measurements on the geometry of the suspensions of a motor vehicle, to be applied to a vehicle lift, characterised by comprising on at least one runway (4), in a position corresponding with at least one wheel (12, 4 0), a pair of rollers (20, 22; 50, 52) which substantially do not project from the runway surface when at rest, but can be raised to adhere to said wheel (12, 40) on opposite sides of the region of contact with said runway, said pair of rollers (20, 22; 50, 52) being associated with means (26, 36; 42, 68) for causing them to translate, when raised, along the corresponding runway (4).

Abstract: A synthetic wave is obtained which represents the synthesis of a transmitted wave radiated from a sensor and a reflected wave returned from a breathing human body, and the presence or absence of a human in the vehicle is detected from the envelope of the synthetic wave. When the presence of a human is detected continuously for a predetermined length of time, it is determined that a human is present in the vehicle.

Abstract: The starter for a motor vehicle comprises a starter head provided with a driver (12) and a pinion (1), an electric motor (M) provided with a shaft (101) able to drive a starter-head shaft (100), an electromagnetic contactor (2) extending parallel to the electric motor (M) above it and comprising a movable core (2d), a fork (13) mounted with articulation at its top end on the movable core (2b); the driver (12) comprises a groove for receiving the bottom end of the fork (13) delimited by two flanks (121, 122) whilst the starter head is locked in rotation by means of cooperation between the fork (13) and the driver (12) for its passage from its idle position to its position of meshing with the starting ring.

Abstract: A dual power unit for movement of a back and a footrest in a power-driven armchair comprises an elongated casing (11) which, close to each end, has a transverse-movement shaft (12) which is connected to a shaft (13) of an electric motor reducer through a transmission-gear (15). The transmission-gear comprises a screw (16) connected to the shaft (13) of the motor reducer and extended transversely of the movement shaft (12) and longitudinally of the casing and a threaded sliding slider (17) into which the screw is screwed down. The cam means is integral with the movement shaft and bears on the slider to convert the sliding motion of the slider along the screw into an angular-rotation movement of the movement shaft. The screw (16) thoroughly crosses the slider (17), and the cam means comprises two cam elements (19, 20) laterally projecting from the movement shaft for resting on thrust surfaces (21, 22) provided on the slider on opposite sides of the screw.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus comprises a rack-and-pinion mechanism and a ball screw mechanism. The ball screw mechanism comprises a shaft formed a screw groove and a nut formed a screw groove. A ball-roll path is created spirally by the screw grooves of the shaft and the nut being opposite each other. A plural number of balls are contained into the ball-roll path. A ball-return path is connecting both ends of the ball-roll path so that the balls go through. A circulation path consists of the ball-roll path and the ball-return path, in which the balls move endlessly. A plural number of separators is arranged between the balls respectively in order to prevent balls from contacting each other. A number of the balls is fewer from one ball to three balls than a maximum number of the balls which can be contained into the circulation path.

Abstract: A machine tool drive device comprising in a structure:

Abstract: An opening and closing device for moving a movable member which includes a drive gear connected to a power source, a driven gear geared with the drive gear, an immovable portion supporting the drive gear and the driven gear, and a dynamic transmission mechanism connected to the driven gear so that the driven gear and the dynamic transmission mechanism rotate together as a unit. The dynamic transmission mechanism transmits a drive force of the power source from the driven gear to the movable member. A direction of a rotational force affecting the driven gear via the dynamic transmission mechanism in accordance with a state of the movable member fluctuates. The opening and closing device further includes a friction member located at least at one position between relatively movable facing surfaces of the immovable portion, the drive gear, the driven gear, and the dynamic power transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A roller turret including a turret body having a plurality of mounting holes formed therein such that the mounting holes are arranged in a rotating direction of the turret body, a plurality of roller shafts each including a roller support portion and a stud portion eccentric with respect to the roller support portion and fitted in the corresponding mounting hole, a plurality of rollers rotatably mounted on the roller support portions of the respective roller shafts, and a device provided for each mounting hole, for fixing the stud portion to the turret body, at a desired angular position of the corresponding roller shaft.

Abstract: A shaft and detent assembly includes a detent lever assembly that is manually assembled on the shaft. The detent lever includes a hub which has an opening formed therein alignable with an opening formed in the shaft. A pin is inserted through the opening in both the hub and the shaft to secure the two members together for common rotation. A cylindrical retainer is assembled on the hub of the detent lever in a position to overlap or cover at least a portion of the openings in the detent lever and shaft to restrict the movement of the pin, which is secured therein during assembly. The retainer also has a plurality of spring fingers, which engage a groove formed in the hub to restrict inadvertent removal of the retainer from the assembly.

Abstract: In an improved brake handle structure for a mobility aid, a control handle is connected to a handlebar of a vehicle body. The control handle has a main body. An upper section of the main body has a transverse through bar hole. The handlebar extends through the bar hole and is then secured. A lateral side of the main body is provided with a brake pull wire hole for extension of a brake wire therethrough, with a plug inserted into a securing groove in a rotary pull lever. The main body is provided with upper and lower cavities for insertion of upper and lower corners of an inner end of the pull lever. A press rod cavity is disposed above the pull wire hole of the main body for insertion of an outer end of a press rod. The inner end of the press rod is connected pivotally in a rod sleeve of the pull lever. A projecting portion is provided near one side of the outer end of the press rod. A notch portion is provided between the projecting portion and the outer end of the press rod.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pedal assembly or pedal system, comprising one or more pedals (1) whose neutral position can be adjusted. When the pedal lever acts by way of an actuating rod (7) of a control element (6) that is firmly linked with the vehicle, the readjustment of the neutral position of the pedal lever (12) simultaneously effects a readjustment of the actuator (actuating rod (7) itself. The adjustment of the neutral position of the pedal thus results in an actuation of the control element, which is not desired. An object of the present invention is to provide a pedal system such that the readjustment of the neutral position of the pedal(s) does not cause an actuation of the actuator.

Abstract: A pedal assembly 6 for a motor vehicle is disclosed in which, in a preferred embodiment, a pedal lever in the form of a brake pedal is constructed as two separate pieces, a primary lever 7 and a secondary lever 8 pivotally connected by a pivot rod 9 to a deformable part 4 of the body structure of the motor vehicle. The primary lever 7 is constructed as a ‘U’ section and envelops the secondary lever 8. Both of the levers 7, 8 are attached together by a pivot 13, positioned below a brake booster pushrod 12 and are clamped together by a latching means or catcher 10.

Abstract: An axle differential assembly for an automotive vehicle includes a differential housing and a central shaft rotatably mounted within the differential housing. The central shaft has opposing first and second ends, includes a ring gear mounted thereon, and defines a central axis of the axle differential assembly. A pair of clutch packs are mounted to each end of the central shaft. Each of the clutch packs is adapted to connect to an end of an axle half shaft and is adapted to selectively transfer rotational motion from the central shaft, across the clutch packs, and to the axle half shafts. A pair of actuators are adapted to exert an axial force onto the clutch packs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and facility for preventing crumbling and powderization of green pellets when producing high strength green pellets using a powder feedstock and using the pellets in a rotary hearth reducing furnace and for efficiently reducing the same. It comprises kneading by a kneader 5 a feedstock of a powder of a fine particle size (20 to 80 wt % having size of not more than 10 &mgr;m) including a metal oxide and carbon-bearing powder fed from a feed storage tank 1 and producing green pellets by a pan type pelletized 7. The green pellets are screened by a pellet screen 9, then dried by a pellet dryer 11 and reduced by firing in a rotary hearth reducing furnace 13. At that time, the green pellets are continuously conveyed to prevent crumbling.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for producing nanoparticles having a CuAu type or Cu3Au type magnetically hard ordered alloy phase. One method includes a step of reducing, in liquid phase, a base metal and then reducing, in liquid phase, a noble metal. Another method includes a step of reducing, in liquid phase, at first a base metal and a part of a noble metal, and then reducing, in liquid phase, a remainder of the noble metal in liquid phase.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cutter mold for use on a cutting machine to cut articles includes the steps of: preparing a metal plate, coating a printing ink layer on the surface of the metal plate to form a printing ink area and a non-printing ink layer, drying the printing ink layer on the metal plate, submerging the metal plate in an etching agent to etch the non-printing ink layer to form a cutter with a tapered top end, and finally grinding the tapered top end of the cutter to form an edge to complete the cutter mold.

Abstract: A socket wrench includes a socket element which is provided with a socket or engagement with a bolt or nut, and a hinge to act in combination with a handle and which forms a lever arm when tightening or loosening bolts or nuts. The handle is fitted at a first end thereof with a hinge half to act in combination with a socket element having a second hinge half. The handle is fitted at a second end thereof with a hinge and a socket element or other form of nut wrench.

Abstract: A wrench includes a hollow handle and a head. The hollow handle has a first, necked end and a second end. The first, necked end has a diameter smaller than that of the second end of the hollow handle. The second end of the hollow handle has an integral end wall for at least partially closing the second end of the hollow handle. The head and the necked end of the hollow handle are fused together.

Abstract: A wrench includes an elongated shank, an elongated telescopic handle telescopically and slidably mounted on the shank and having an inner wall formed with a retaining guide track, and a retaining ball secured on a distal end of the elongated shank to move therewith and guided by the retaining guide track of the telescopic handle. Thus, when the shank is moved in the telescopic handle, the retaining ball is retained to move in the retaining guide track of the telescopic handle, so that the shank is moved in the telescopic handle in a linear and straight manner, and will not rotate relative to the telescopic handle during movement by limit and guidance of the retaining guide track of the telescopic handle.

Abstract: A wrench cooperating with a fastener which includes a number of surfaces joining each other at respective corners of the fastener, the wrench includes a head having an enclosed opening, or open opening, each of which has two or more surfaces or sides, and two curved bulges extended or provided on each of the surfaces or sides, and a curved recess formed between the bulges. The head may further include a projection extended in each of the recess and extended between the bulges for engaging with the surface portions that are spaced from the corners of the fastener.

Abstract: Self adjusting grooved pliers include a first section having a jaw portion and a channel formed therethrough, adjacent the jaw portion and a second section having a jaw portion and a pivot extending therefrom. The pivot is slidably received in the channel to allow wider or narrower association between the jaw portion of the first section and the jaw portion of the second section. The pivot pivotally couples the first section to the second section for movement between an open position and a gripping position. A plurality of grooves is formed in the first section and a tongue extends from the second section. The tongue is received in one of the plurality of grooves, locking the pivot in position within the channel only upon the first section and the second section reaching the gripping position. A biasing assembly acts on the pivot, urging the pivot upward in the channel toward the jaw portion of the first section.

Abstract: A flat metal tool having on one end a screw driver tip for the purpose of tightening or removing toilet seat screws. On the other end of the tool is a cut out indentation used as a wrench to tighten or remove the toilet flush lever nut. The single piece tool is of stainless steel or a strong composite material that will not rust while it is stored in the toilet water tank.

Abstract: A tool-combining rod includes a rod member, an engaging head member and an engage member. The rod member has a rear non-circular portion for combining with a driving tool, and a front combining hollow for combining with the engage head member and the engage member. The engage member has a center hole for the engage head member to fit through therein and an elastic annular wall to tightly fitting in the combining hole of the rod member. The engage member has a largest diameter smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the rod member, and the outer diameter of the front combining hollow portion is smaller than or equal to that of the rear non-circular portion for convenience of combining with a screwdriver.

Abstract: A tool arrangement combination of an insert tool fabricated as a generally circular central body having a plurality of spokes extending from the outside peripheral edge of said central body, said spokes spaced apart to be mountable into the channels formed on the inside peripheral surface of the internal nut of a standard drain fixture. Said central body having a non-circular opening configuration to accept the insertion of a user-supplied lever, usually a common tool such as a socket wrench handle to complete the tool arrangement. The tool arrangement may be used to evenly apply torque to say internal nut to remove or tighten said internal nut of said drain fixture.

Abstract: A wrench having a safety device includes a shank, a handle slidably mounted on the shank, and at least one resistance member mounted between the shank and the handle to provide a resistance to damp movement of the handle. Thus, when the force applied on the workpiece is increased, the handle is moved on the shank away from the drive head, so that the resistance member is further compressed, and the force arm of the applied force is increased, thereby facilitating the user operating and rotating the workpiece.

Abstract: An adhesive sheet for dicing glass substrate comprising a base film and an adhesive layer arranged on the base film, wherein the base film has a thickness of 130 &mgr;m or more and a tensile modulus of 1 GPa or more, and the adhesive layer has a thickness of 9 &mgr;m or less. The adhesive sheet can give cut pieces excellent in shape and hardly causes cut pieces to be chipped or to scatter chips.

Abstract: A machine for the multiple cutting-off of rolls of kitchen and/or toilet paper from logs which comprises a bed (18) onto which at least two logs (15) are fed through a respective conveyor with thrusters (12) towards a cutting head (20), wherein the conveyor with thrusters (12) passes below the cutting head (20) which comprises a cutting device using high-pressure water (21, 22, 23) which acts transversally on at least two logs (15) separating an equal number of finished rolls (10) of a predetermined length.

Abstract: A trimmer for trimming of a book has a support for supporting the book, a trim blade for trimming an edge of the book, and a reciprocating actuator for moving the trim blade toward the book to trim the edge of the book. The trim blade has a trim blade edge having a first section and a second section, the second section being angled with respect to the first section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tape guide device for an automatic roll tape cutter, the toll tape cutter including a tape feed-out unit housed in a case for feeding out a roll tape loaded in a tape loading portion thereof through a plurality of guide rollers from a supply roller thereof, and a tape cutting unit which is mounted in front of the case for cutting the tape fed out at a proper length, the tape guide device comprising: a body disposed between the tape loading portion and the supply roller of the tape feed-out unit and having both ends, one end of which is hingeably mounted to one side wall of the tape feed-out unit as to be elastically biased toward an opening direction, and the other free end of which has engaging protrusions formed thereon; a first guide roller installed at the rear end of the body and having engaging recesses formed on an outer circumference of both ends thereof; a pair of stoppers horizontally installed inside the body in such a manner as to be moved oppositely with respect to each other, each

Abstract: A miter saw includes a base, a fence assembly attached to the base, a table rotatably attached to the base, a support housing connected to the table, at least one rail slidably connected to the support housing, a saw assembly pivotally attached to the at least one rail and movable between a front position and a rear position, the saw assembly including a trunnion disposed on the at least one rail, a pivot arm pivotally attached to the trunnion, an upper blade guard connected to the pivot arm, a motor attached to the upper blade guard, and a blade driven by the motor, wherein at least one of the trunnion, pivot arm, upper blade guard, and motor is disposed behind the blade and contacts the fence assembly when the saw assembly is beveled and moved towards the rear position.

Abstract: An improved device for the elimination of trims of rolls or logs of sheeted material able to be arranged downstream of a cutting-off machine of at least one roll or log cut into rolls and little rolls or upstream trims (15′) and/or downstream trims (15), all made to advance one after the next on a transporter (11, 11′) associated with a feed plane (13, 13′), wherein the feed plane (13, 13′) has an opening (17) of a size at least equal to that of the diameter of a log, in which said little rolls or upstream trims (15′) and/or downstream trims (15) fall, the opening (17) being closed by a mobile wall (18) in response to a signal and/or according to a predetermined step, also foreseeing gripper elements from above (20-23) of some of said rolls (14) which are only activated when said mobile wall (18) for closing said opening (17) is absent.

Abstract: A guitar sling is disclosed that allows the musician to move and hold the guitar in any desirable instrument position with respect to the musician's body and that will “self-balance” the guitar in any position or orientation while the guitar is played. The sling consists of four basic components: a guitar strap, a length of cord, cord locks, a fixed strap coupler and a traveling strap coupler. The length of cord is connected between the strap buttons of the guitar and drawn taut across the back of the guitar body by the cord locks. The fixed strap coupler is connected to the strap button at the base of the guitar neck. The traveling strap coupler is mounted to the cord to freely slide along the length of the cord. One end of the guitar strap is connected to the fixed strap coupler while the other end is connected to the traveling strap coupler.

Abstract: A foot pedal for a drum which beats a drum head by swinging a beater according to pressing of a pedal is provided with a heel which pivotally supports the pedal along a pressing direction of the pedal, and a base plate which has an arc-shaped groove allowing pivoting of the heel on a horizontal plane, wherein the pedal and the heel are pivotable integrally along the guide groove, and the heel can be fixed to the base plate at any position along the guide groove. Accordingly, the pedal can be set at an optimal angle or orientation for a player even in a state that the foot pedal remains fixed to a bass drum.

Abstract: Provided is a guitar tuner that is capable of tuning each string of a guitar with a capotasto being attached thereto to a specified pitch. The guitar tuner includes attachment position setting means for, when the capotasto is attached to the guitar, setting an attachment position of the capotasto to the tuner, and a pitch of each string can be automatically set to a pitch that is specified in the attachment position of the capo.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method of instructing a performer on the hand manipulations to make to play a piece of music. The invention includes a representation. The representation includes at least one time line which represents the elapse of time during the piece of music. Each time line is marked with beat indicia which indicate on the time line the occurrence of a beat in the music and indicia which mark the transition between bars. Symbols carry instructions on where the fingers are to be placed to define “home” keys, and other symbols carry instructions as to which fingers are to strike a key during a beat.