Abstract: The invention concerns an impact machine for forming, cutting, or punching a working material in a mould die by impact action during an impact operation carried out by means of impact devices, preferably from two opposite directions, said impact devices being provided to strike the working material or impact members which transfer the impact energy of the impact devices to the working material, said die (9) being carried by a carrier (2) included in the impact machine. According to the invention, the die is resiliently mounted in the carrier, which e.g. may consist of a stationary or moveable table.

Abstract: To obtain a push-cutting blade 2, a flexible base 1 and a projection (trapezoid-section projection 21) protruding from this base are formed by etching. Then, a lateral surface or surfaces of the projection 21 is cut into a vertical projection 2b. Lastly, the tip of the vertical projection 2b is sharpened to give a double (or single) cutting edge 2a.

Abstract: An intake air oxygen concentration sensor calibration device is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor that detects a concentration of oxygen contained in intake air, intake passageway pressure detection means, stable condition determination means that determines whether the intake passageway pressure is in a stable condition based on the amplitude of fluctuations in intake passageway pressure and a predetermined stable condition criterion value, calibration coefficient calculation means that calculates a calibration coefficient based on the intake passageway pressure and a reference output value of the oxygen concentration sensor, and calibration means that calibrates the output of the oxygen concentration sensor based on the calibration coefficient, wherein and the stable condition criterion value is set so that the smaller the intake passageway pressure detected, the smaller the value, and the greater the intake passageway pressure detected, the greater the value, and the calibration coefficient calc

Abstract: A calibration spring tension adjuster for a seat belt tension sensor has a calibration spring, and a holder. The fixed part and the movable part are adjacent to each other and comprise mutually facing stepped helical faces arranged so that the movable part can be rotated relative to the fixed part causing the steps to slide over each other causing a gap between the stepped faces to increase and compressing the spring. The steps can be arranged so that movement of the movable part in one direction is resisted. The holder is arranged to attach to the fixed part and the spring is held between an abutment face of the holder and a non-stepped face of the movable part.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that employ a motor control system coupled to a variable positive displacement water chamber system for testing a quantity meter. Using this apparatus and method, the flow rate of water passing through the meter can be positively controlled. The water meter generates an output signal that is monitored by an electronic sensor. The information from the motor controller is compared with the meter output signal to provide a measure of the meter's accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a tensile impact apparatus that is designed to give dynamic stress-strain curves and fracture characteristics for a rubber specimen undergoing tensile impact loading. More particularly, this invention relates to a tensile impact apparatus that is capable of achieving strains of up to fracture. The apparatus is also capable of visually recording fracture phenomena.

Abstract: An improved structure of a gas sensor is provided which is designed to establish firm electric connections between electrode terminals formed on opposed major surfaces of a sensor element and lead wires leading to an external device through a connector. The connector includes terminal connecting springs and holding members working to clamp the sensor element through the terminal connecting springs elastically to establish elastic contact of the terminal connecting springs with the electrode terminals of the sensor element. This structure is easy to manufacture and secures firm electrical connections between the terminal connecting springs and the electrode terminals.

Abstract: An intelligent gas identification system and method of gas identification in a specific environment. The intelligent gas identification system has a sensor, a pulse power supply module, and a processing device in which a plurality of chemical matter characteristics signals is stored. When the sensor is disposed in the specific environment, the pulse power supply module sends a variable pulse-amplitude-modulated voltage to the sensor, so that the sensor outputs a signal to the processing device. The processing device compares the outgoing signal to the chemical matter characteristics signals to determine an identification result for the gas.

Abstract: Testing of gas permeability and shelf-life characteristics of plastic packages by determining a quantity of gas permeated through the packages and thereafter determining the permeation rate and calculating the shelf-life based on permeation rate and other characteristics of the package. Preferred embodiments provide determination of shelf-life based on permeation rate of gas out of or into a package.

Abstract: A touch sensor 10 having a stylus 12 with a tip 12A making contact with a test piece W has an operational control structure including an oscillator 3 which oscillates the stylus 12 in the axial direction; a detecting circuit 4 which detects changes of oscillation of the stylus 12; an adjustor unit 5 which removes noise added to an output signal from the detecting circuit 4; a fine motion mechanism controller 6 which controls the operation of a fine motion mechanism 21 in such a manner that the change of the quantity of state of the detection signal is maintained constant; and a PZT driver 7 which operates the fine motion mechanism 21. The measuring force during surface configuration measurement can be adjusted by adjusting an alternating signal to be applied to the touch sensor or by reducing the noise added to the detection signal without making modifications to a shape or structure of the touch sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a map preparing method for an engine testing apparatus or a vehicle testing apparatus capable of preventing a peculiar driving state from being generated. The method includes varying a throttle valve from its fully closed position to its fully opened position while maintaining a constant engine rotation number, carrying out operation for storing an output torque Nm at that time using at least three kinds of different engine rotation numbers, determining each obtained torque curves A˜E as actual machine data, and preparing a map based on the actual machine date.

Abstract: A vehicle driving force control apparatus controls a control torque command of an electric motor based on a power supplying condition of an electric power source. The power source supplies electric power to the electric motor that drives at least one wheel of the vehicle. An electric power supplying status detecting section determines an electric power supplying capacity of the electric power source based on the power supplying condition of the power source, while an electric motor torque control section controls the control torque command of the electric motor based on the power supplying condition determined by the electric power supplying status detecting section. Preferably, an internal combustion engine that drives at least one other wheel also drives a generator that acts as the power source of the electric motor. The vehicle driving force control apparatus is especially useful in a four-wheel drive vehicle.

Abstract: A tire air pressure monitoring device includes a sensor which detects a physical quantity relating to tire air pressure, and a transmitter which sends signals detected by the sensor. The sensor is a sound pressure level sensor which detects a sound pressure level inside a tire cavity filled with air. The transmitter is enabled to send the signals only when the sound pressure level detected by the sound pressure level sensor is changed.

Abstract: A thermal type flow rate detector includes: a bridge circuit constructed by upstream side and downstream side temperature detecting elements for detecting a temperature of fluid flowing from the upstream side to the downstream side, and fixed resistors; and a temperature difference controlling circuit for continuously supplying an electric power to upstream side and downstream side heat generating elements so that a temperature difference between the temperature detecting elements becomes a predetermined value. The temperature difference controlling circuit includes: a differential amplifier connected to the bridge circuit; a first constant voltage power supply; a second constant voltage power supply having a lower constant voltage than that of the first constant voltage power supply; and the upstream side and downstream side heat generating elements.

Abstract: A humidity sensor and fabrication method thereof. In the humidity sensor of the present invention, two comb-type electrodes with a plurality of teeth are disposed on a semiconductor substrate. A SiO2 sensing film is disposed between the teeth of the two comb-type electrodes on the substrate. A predetermined voltage is applied between the two comb-type electrodes, a leakage current between the two electrodes is detected, and the humidity in the environment is measured according thereto.

Abstract: An acoustic monitoring method and system in laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) provides information which characterize material which is broken down, microbubbles in the material, and/or the microenvironment of the microbubbles. In one embodiment of the invention, femtosecond laser pulses are focused just inside the surface of a volume of aqueous solution which may include dendrimer nanocomposite (DNC) particles. A tightly focused, high frequency, single-element ultrasonic transducer is positioned such that its focus coincides axially and laterally with this laser focus. When optical breakdown occurs, a microbubble forms and a shock or pressure wave is emitted (i.e., acoustic emission). In addition to this acoustic signal, the microbubble may be actively probed with pulse-echo measurements from the same transducer. After the microbubble forms, received pulse-echo signals have an extra pulse, describing the microbubble location and providing a measure of axial microbubble size.

Abstract: An automated metrology system for photoacoustic measurement of single or multi-layer films, and a method of making the system, are disclosed. Dramatic improvements in the cost of ownership of the system is attained by making the system scalable from a system having a single metrology sub-system for making measurements, to a system having two, vertically stacked metrology sub-systems for making independent measurements. A front end of the system for storing multiple cassettes comprises a robot having vertical travel capable of transferring cassettes to and from each of the first and second metrology sub-systems in the case the system is expanded. The two metrology sub-systems are preferably identical and share much of the optics, a computer as well as the front end of the system. Throughput of the dual system is 1.75-2 times greater than that of a single tool metrology system while the cost is substantially less than two complete single tool metrology systems.

Abstract: A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

Abstract: The electrical pin lead structure and brazing technique of the present invention provide a brazed lead in a sensor that adheres well to a semiconductor substrate while facilitating lateral flexibility without joint fatigue or breakage. In one example embodiment, the pin lead includes a coil head that is brazed to a silicon layer on a sapphire substrate using a silver-copper-palladium braze material. An advantage to this approach is the ability to both braze the pin lead to the diaphragm and seal the diaphragm to the ceramic backing plate with a high temperature glass in a single process step. Further, the palladium in the braze composition is a factor in reducing surface tension between the metal lead and semiconductor substrate during cooling to avoid stress fractures in the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure measuring arrangement comprising a pressure measuring cell (5) which is fed by a pressure corresponding to the pressure which is to be measured by a pressure tube (3) filled by a pressurised liquid; at least one pressure recording unit (25, 45) is arranged separately from said cell, said unit being impinged upon by a pressure which is to be measured during operation, producing a pressure corresponding to the pressure which is to be measured via a pressure line (33, 55) filled by a liquid; a connection between the pressure tube (3) and the pressure line (33, 55). A modular design and a large amount of flexibility is obtained in respect of the spatial arrangement of the pressure measuring cell (5) and the pressure recording unit (25, 45).

Abstract: In a differential pressure/pressure transmitter having a construction in which overpressures are detected utilizing pre-loading diaphragms, the pressure sensing assembly in which the displacement volume is made larger even under low pressure is provided by forming pre-loading diaphragms in corrugated shapes.

Abstract: A magnetoinductive flowmeter that serves to measure the flow rate of a moving medium incorporates a measuring conduit, a sampling-electrode channel extending through the wall of the measuring conduit, and a sampling electrode, which sampling electrode is positioned in the sampling-electrode channel in such fashion that its sampling-electrode head is recessed from the inner wall of the measuring conduit. A section of the sampling-electrode channel located in front of the sampling-electrode head and extending up to the interior of the measuring conduit is left as a free space. This results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio of a voltage signal collected at the sampling electrode.

Abstract: A Kelvin sensed hot-wire anemometer includes four electrically conductive pins and a filament welded to all four pins, preferably using a single filament. A current source is coupled to the two innermost pins so as-to provide current flow in the segment of filament between the two innermost pins. The two outermost pins are coupled to a high impedance voltage sense amplifier that senses the voltage drop across the energized segment of filament between the two innermost pins. The resistance of the filament is determined based on the current provided to the filament and the measured voltage. The Kelvin sensed hot-wire anemometer can be used in a number of applications, including, but-not limited to medical devices that measure gas flow rates during inhalation and exhalation.

Abstract: Each of two flow tubes assumes an arcuate shape consisting of a central arcuate segment and two linear segments located on opposite sides of the central arcuate segment. The inside diameter of the flow tubes and the linear distance between end points of each of the flow tubes are determined on the basis of a target pressure loss arising from passage of a fluid to be measured through a manifold and the flow tube at the maximum flow rate, a target time phase difference between sine wave outputs from vibration sensors at the maximum flow rate, and a target natural frequency of the flow tubes. The length of the linear segments is selected so as to reduce thermal stress induced from an abrupt change in the temperature of the fluid to be measured, and the shape of the flow tubes is determined so as to reduce the vertical height of the flow tubes, so long as the thermal stress is substantially constant even when the length of the linear segments is varied.

Abstract: A wrench includes a handle having an engaging end at one end of the handle and a sleeve is slidably mounted to the handle. A tension gauge is received in the handle and connected to an electronic display screen. The display screen is exposed to an outer surface of the handle and can be covered by the sleeve.

Abstract: Stress in the wall of a pipe (12) is measured using a pig (10) carrying at least one linear array of probes, so that the probes (30) in the array pass in succession over a location on the pipe wall. Each probe (30) comprises an electromagnetic core (32) with two spaced apart electromagnetic poles (34), and a magnetic sensor (36) arranged to sense the reluctance of that part of the magnetic circuit between the poles (34), and an alternating magnetic field is generated in the electromagnet means and consequently in the pipe wall. Successive probes (30) in the array are oriented differently so that the corresponding orientations of the magnetic field in the pipe wall are different. Preferably the probes (30) also include sensors (38) between the two poles (34) to sense magnetic flux perpendicular to the direction of the free space magnetic field between the poles. The signal from the sensor (36) and (38) enable the stress to be determined. Such an array may be used with any long object of ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: An occupant detection system, which has a sensor, a controller, a base frame, and a heat insulator.

Abstract: A method of measuring torque in a part, for example a shaft, in which at least one coil, wound about an axis of the part about which axis torque is applied, is A.C. energised to create an alternating polarity magnetic field in the part, which field emanates a component dependent on torque. A magnetic field sensor arrangement is responsive to the emanated component to produce a torque-indicating signal. The at least one coil is energised by a series of energising pulses of current of alternating polarity which pulses have a relatively small duty cycle. The sensor arrangement produces sensor pulses of alternating polarity corresponding to said energising pulses, and the sensor pulses are measured in a peak-to-peak fashion to produce an output signal representing torque.

Abstract: A device for measuring the angle of rotation of a rotating member of a machine, comprising a signal transmitting rotor which includes a magnet rim consisting of magnets having alternatingly arranged south poles and north poles and being moved with respect to a stationary measuring sensor is characterized in that each magnet or each magnet zone has a thickness which varies substantially sinusoidally in circumferential direction, having its maximum in the pole center of each magnet and/or forms an air gap with the measuring sensor varying sinusoidally in circumferential direction.

Abstract: A device for measuring a belt force acting upon a vehicle seat belt has at least one spring that is connected indirectly to a bearing member of the belt buckle that can be secured to the vehicle structure. A measuring element is connected to the spring, and can be connected to the seat belt and is movably mounted against a bias of the at least one spring proportionally to the belt force, whereby the measuring element is guided by means of a low friction guide means in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: The current invention provides a device, and a method for using the device, for ensuring that a capillary or wicking fill device is fully filled. In particular this invention is directed to, but not limited to, use with capillary or wicking action filled electrochemical sensors suitable for use in analyzing blood or interstitial fluids.

Abstract: A rotation sensor functioning as both a rotation-angle sensor and a torque sensor is provided which, when applied to a steering sensor for an automobile, for example, permits reduction in the number of components and thus in the weight of the automobile and contributes to conservation of global environment. The rotation sensor has slip rings covered with conductive synthetic resin having small coefficient of friction, allowing the contact pressure of brushes disposed in sliding contact with the slip rings to be kept low and the life duration of the slip rings to be prolonged. Further, no metal powder is produced when the brushes slide on the respective slip rings, and it is therefore possible to prevent the formation of unwanted insulating film.

Abstract: A lifting mechanism for a sealing device comprises a lift including an upper pulley assembly and a lower pulley assembly, the lift being coupled to the sealing device by a thread rod for either lifting or lowering the sealing device; a rope assembly the rope assembly passing the upper pulley assembly; a rope terminal adjacent the sealing device, the rope terminal being coupled to one end of the rope assembly; a power terminal coupled to the other end of the rope assembly; and a connection cable coupled between the power terminal and the rope terminal through the lower pulley assembly. There is no arc formed by the rope assembly during the lifting or lowering of the sealing device, thereby causing no interference to an operation of the sealing device.

Abstract: An objective method is provided for selecting gear ratios for use in a motor vehicle transmission having multiple selectable gears. The method includes selecting gear ratios for a specific application includes calculating a low gear ratio, and a high gear ratio based upon vehicle parameters and performance requirements. The total ratio spread is determined by dividing the low gear ratio by the high gear ratio. Using the total ratio spread, a geometric sequence is created with a plurality of terms, such that each of the terms respectively represent the ratio steps between the gears. Lastly, each gear ratio is divided by its respective ratio step plus one to find the gear ratio for the next gear. This method provides an objective method for selecting gear ratios, such that the steps between each of the ratios are uniformly progressive.

Abstract: Within the systems used to transmit power and or movement between two shafts, toothed wheels can be used. Also, pairs of screws with their complementary threads engaged can be used.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric power tool having a gear mechanism, which reduces a noise by absorbing collision of gears and is resistible to a high torque. A power transmission key 7 composed of high-strength plastic is provided between an output shaft 3 and a gear 4, and a plane or a V-groove is formed on each of the output shaft 3 and the gear 4 contacting the power transmission key 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving school vehicle, a double pedal device with hydraulic coupling, a pedal box, actuators, and an instructor's post for use in the driving school vehicle.

Abstract: A handlebar shifter device for operating bicycle derailleur system includes a fixed piece connected to a bicycle handlebar and a recess defined in the end surface of the fixed piece for receiving a resilient member therein. A rotatable member is rotatably mounted to a tube of the fixed piece and an annular flange extends from an end surface of the rotatable member. A cable retaining hole is defined in the fixed piece for receiving a derailleur cable therein and a free end of the cable is fixed to the rotatably member. Two blocks extend from the rotatable member and a plate is mounted on the annular flange. Two protrusions extend from an outer periphery of the plate and respectively contacting two blocks on the rotatable member. A plurality of notches are defined in an outer periphery of one of the protrusions and an index peak of the resilient member is engaged with one of the notches.

Abstract: A bicycle control device is disclosed having a control lever that is operable in a first direction to operate the brake control mechanism, a second direction to operate the shift control mechanism in the pulling direction and a third direction to operate the shift control mechanism in the release direction. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when viewed from the perspective of a rider on the bicycle, the first direction is the direction of movement of the lever toward the handlebar. The second direction is the direction of movement of the control lever downward and the third direction is the direction of movement of the control lever upward. In a more preferred embodiment, the second and third directions are perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: An adjustable pedal device including (a) a pedal including a pivotal member and a pedal member, the pivotal member being supported by a support shaft disposed on a bracket such that the pivotal member is pivotable about the support shaft, the pedal member being disposed movably relative to the pivotal member in a plane perpendicular to the support shaft, the pedal member having an operating portion at which the pedal member is operated, (b) a guiding device including (i) a pair of guides and a pair of guide pieces which are provided on one and the other of the pivotal and pedal members and which engage each other, to guide a movement of the pedal member relative to the pivotal member, and (c) an adjusting device connecting the pivotal and pedal members and operable to effect the relative movement of the pedal and pivotal members and to hold these members at a desired relative position, and wherein each guide extends linearly, and each guide piece is linearly movable in sliding surface contact with the corresp

Abstract: An adjustable pedal device including (a) a support shaft fixedly disposed on a bracket, (b) a pedal including a pivotal member and a pedal member, and a return spring interposed between the bracket and the pedal member, and wherein the pivotal member is pivotable about the support shaft, while the pedal member is movable relative to the pivotal member to a selected one of a plurality of relative positions, and has at its lower end an operating portion at which the pedal member is operated so that the pedal member and the pivotal member are pivoted together about the support shaft, the return spring biasing the pedal member so as to pivot the pedal about the support shaft in a first direction toward a non-operated position of the pedal, and producing a force of resistance to a pivotal motion of the pedal in a second direction away from the non-operated position when the pedal is operated, and wherein the positions of opposite end portions of the return spring at which the spring is fixed to the bracket and the

Abstract: The vehicular shift lever has rubber bushes tightly fastened to the external surface of a lever axle and a cover pressed over the external side of the rubber bush. The shift lever includes: first and second rubber bushes fastened to the top and bottom of the lever axle with a preset interval therebetween; a plurality of protruders formed radially at the external circumferential surface of one or more rubber bushes; and a third rubber bush installed at the external side of the protruder with the internal and external sides thereof being attached to the external surface of the protruder and the internal surface of the cover, respectively. This reduces the amount of material required for the rubber bushes, and effectively absorbes vibration and decreases noise.

Abstract: A tube with a handle that attaches and detaches from a toddlers two wheel bicycle fitted with training wheels.

Abstract: A bicycle handlebar assembly includes a handlebar and a light device is connected to a distal end of the handlebar. A switch is connected to an outer periphery of the light device and batteries are received in the light device. A transparent cap is connected to the open end and includes a light reflection plate and a bulb is engaged with a hole defined through the light reflection plate. The transparent cap shows the signal at the distal end of the handlebar so that the driver behind the bicycle can clearly see the signal.

Abstract: A pedal emulator assembly and method for a motor vehicle. The assembly includes at least one pedal for generating a dynamic reaction force against an applied pedal force. The pedal is deformed as a result of the applied pedal force. The assembly further includes at least one sensor operably attached to the pedal for estimating the applied pedal force based on the pedal deformation. The method includes deforming at least one pedal with an applied pedal force. A dynamic reaction force is generated against the applied pedal force with the pedal. The applied pedal force is estimated based on the pedal deformation.

Abstract: A pedal retraction amount control apparatus is provided which can sufficiently move a pedal from a passenger compartment in the forward direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A positioning mechanism includes a moving body which can be moved in accordance with a drive force supplied from a drive source, a stopper which defines a movement extremity of the moving body, and a biasing device which engages with the moving body when the moving body is moved to the vicinity of the movement extremity and which converts, after engagement, the force from the moving body into a force to bias the moving body toward the stopper.

Abstract: A pedal connection arrangement and method are used to hold a bicycle rider's foot attached to a bicycle pedal. The pedal connection arrangement includes a pedal having a pedal longitudinal axis around which the pedal is intended to rotate. The pedal includes a spherical portion having an outer spherical surface with the spherical portion having an engaging surface. The engaging surface includes at least portions of the outer spherical surface of the spherical portion of the pedal and the spherical portion of the pedal is located along the pedal longitudinal axis such that the pedal has a radially symmetrical cross sectional shape along the pedal longitudinal axis. The pedal connection arrangement also includes a bicycle shoe having a pedal gripping arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crank shaft having a guide groove allowing the movement of a crank pin so as to adjust the reciprocating distance of a piston according to the rotating direction. The crank shaft comprises a rotation shaft for inducing the rotating movement; and a crank arm connected to the rotation shaft at the center and having at one side a guide groove provided horizontal in the radial direction for allowing free movement of a crank pin and elastic means provided within the guide groove to enhance the performance of sucking and compressing fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary indexing device (1) for use in a group of treatment stations, in whose treatment zone (2) at least one respective tensioning device (3) for exchangeable tool holders (4) is disposed. Said rotary indexing machine (1) has a rotary indexing unit that is provided with a lift-and-turn device (7) on which support elements (8) for tool holders (4) are disposed. The lift-and-turn device (7) of the rotary indexing unit is provided with a piston rod (10) on which a first coupling element (12) is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner. Said first coupling element can be engaged with a further coupling element (13) disposed above it by the lift stroke of the piston rod (10). Said coupling element (13) encloses the piston rod (10) and is driven by a motor. The piston rod (10) is rotationally fixed during the lift stroke.