Abstract: A display stand for a gun comprising a base having a stanchion extending upwardly therefrom and with a post movably mounted on the stanchion such that the post may be vertically adjusted with respect thereto, and a retaining assembly extending outwardly from a distal end of the post, the retaining assembly having first and second cooperative clamping members arranged to receive a gun barrel therebetween. The display stand includes various security features to prevent easy removal of a gun therefrom.

Abstract: A gun sight system including a front sight portion and a rear sight portion. The rear sight portion comprises a truncated triangle and the front sight portion comprises a triangle substantially the same size and of the same inclined angle as a truncated portion of the rear sight portion. When the front and rear sight portions are vertically and horizontally aligned, an image of a complete triangle is formed for the user and a target is placed on a top point of the triangle of the front sight portion.

Abstract: A hinged flexible plastic shell in which barbed fishing lures and fish-hooks in general may be kept to avoid injury connects to a fishing rod merely by an operator's closing of its lid upon the rod by pop-open and pop-shut manipulation of certain nodes atop the shell's lid. To close, he or she depresses a pop-shut node against an enclosure ridge on the underlying storage portion. To open, either of the pop-open nodes may be depressed against notch shoulders to cause the lid to flex outward to position it for co-engagement with the lower portion.

Abstract: A fishing lure for allowing selective deployment of a fish hook. The fish hook is pivotally mounted to the body of the lure. The hook is allowed to pivot between a retracted configuration wherein it is substantially housed within a hook recess formed in the body and an extended configuration wherein the hook bight end extends out of the body. An actuating mechanism located within the body allows the hook to be deployed upon tension being applied to the fishing line. A biasing mechanism also located within the lure body biases the hook towards its retracted configuration. An adjustment mechanism allows for adjustment of the strength of the biasing force. The adjustment mechanism thus allows the biasing force to be customized depending on fishing parameters.

Abstract: A chum bucket with adjustable release apertures has multiple settings suitable for regulating the release of various sized chum and live bait. A locking device prevents misalignment of release openings in an inner container and outer container that align to enable the release.

Abstract: A pre-mix composition is disclosed for use in treating a plant growth medium to promote improved wetting and re-wetting thereof comprising a mixture of coconut coir pith and a horticulturally acceptable surfactant. A process for treating a plant growth medium utilizing such pre-mix composition is also disclosed as well as the treated plant growth medium.

Abstract: A modular green roof system includes modular panels (10) providing a surrounded space suitable for supporting live plant growth and adapted for installing onto a roof deck in side-by-side positioning while allowing water flow on the roof thereunder. The panels are installed with growing medium and greenery, and are releasably connected with an edge finishing/edge termination system (46) and support structure to enable provision of non-panel areas of the green roof, support of the panels, and above-panel structures. The panels are releasably connected in a non-progressive manner that permits removal of a surrounded panel without disturbing the adjacent panels. The panels are further adapted to be pre-seeded prior to delivery to the roof site, and delivered in either a preserved condition or a germinated condition.

Abstract: A decorative assembly for a floral grouping comprising a floral holding material and a sheet of material. The floral holding material is a shape-sustaining support member having an open upper end, an open lower end and a peripheral sidewall defining an internal chamber extending between the open upper end and the close lower end. The sheet of material is extended about a portion of the floral holding material to form a decorative cover and the decorative cover cooperates with the shape-sustaining support member to define a reservoir for confining a liquid a securing element secures the decorative cover about the shape-sustaining support member and a crimped portion is formed in the sheet of material with the crimped portion cooperating to hold the sheet of material about the floral holding material to provide a decorative covering.

Abstract: A window safety guard is used for preventing an intrusive person or object from entering a home through a window when it is left open by the owner. It is also easily removable during emergency situations as it has a simple locking mechanism and may be removed as a single unit. The assembly has a series of vertical bars with tapered ends that are inserted into corresponding holes in a windowsill and in a bottom frame edge of a raised lower window. Support bars are coupled to the vertical bars to add strength and to help block the window opening. The window safety guard assembly also has a locking mechanism wherein a small rod is inserted in a corresponding hole in a side edge of an upper window frame. The small rod, when inserted, is also abutting the top frame edge of the raised lower window to prevent the lower window from being raised and the window safety guard from being removed.

Abstract: A child safety barrier for temporary blocking of openings in buildings, typically door openings, stairways and windows, includes a plurality of vertical lattice bars (7) extending between upper and lower cross members (5, 6) the barrier (1) being provided with at least a plate-shaped section (17, 19, 20, 24) for displaying information, pictures or items and being attachable to the lattice bars and/or the cross members.

Abstract: A power drive mechanism (10) for a motor vehicle liftgate includes a linking arm (18) pivotally connected with the liftgate, a crank arm (12) drivable for pivotal movement and connected with the linking arm (18), and a gear train (20) operatively engaging the crank arm (12). A drive motor (34) is operatively connected with the crank arm (12) through the gear train (20) to provide power assisted opening and closing of the liftgate. The gear train (20) is disengageable from the drive motor (34) to permit manual opening and closing of the liftgate without backdriving the drive motor (34). An actuator (74) is operatively connected with the gear train (20) to move the gear train into and out of engagement with the drive motor. A holding linkage (60, 62) is operatively associated with the gear train (20) to maintain the gear train (20) in engagement during power assisted opening and closing of the liftgate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a door opening assist device comprising a spring-biased piston having a threaded bore mounted in a cylindrical housing by a threaded bolt. The piston retains a spring within the housing at a first end of the housing. The threaded bolt engages the piston from a second end of the housing. The piston is retained within the housing by the cooperative engagement between the spring urging the piston out of the first end and the head of the bolt in abutment with the second end. The door opening assist device is installed in a door frame of an automobile to push the door open a predetermined distance. The door opening assist device provides various mounting options. Upon closing the door, the door abuts and retracts the piston into the housing compressing the spring. Upon unlatching the door, the piston extends under spring bias in such a direction and with sufficient force to push the door to an open position a predetermined distance.

Abstract: An infant gate including a remotely activated latch mechanism. The gate includes a gate member adapted to be pivotally mounted to a wall portion and is movable to a closed position to prevent an infant from passing therethrough. The latch movable is between a locked position, which prevents pivotable movement of the gate, and an unlocked position, which allows pivotable movement of the gate. The gate also includes an actuator for switching the latch to the unlocked position. The actuator is preferably mounted away from the gate member in a position generally inaccessible to an infant whose access is limited by the infant gate.

Abstract: Pile weatherstripping is provided by a flat pile of strands which are tensioned to spring outwardly to straight condition to provide a pile weatherstrip, when bent and inserted into a T-slot or other kerf in a member such as a window or door frame or sash. The tendency of the bent parts of the pile to spring away from each other facilitates retention of the pile after insertion into the slot. A locking fin, more rigid than the pile, is preferably used. This locking fin engages steps or edges in the throat of the slot thereby impeding withdrawal of the weatherstripping from the slot. One or more barrier fins may also be assembled with the strands constituting the flat pile. The pile can be operated in bending mode or in columnar compression (crushing mode). Bending mode operation can be over a bending range so as to accommodate a large range of clearance between a sash and a frame or other members which are sealed by the pile weatherstripping.

Abstract: A system for fixing two components together includes: (a) a boss integrally formed from one component about a boss axis; and (b) a latch integrally formed from the other component in a depending extension facilitating latch movement in an engaging plane and exerting a spring force urging the latch toward a first position. The latch is oriented about a latch axis in the engaging plane. The latch is in the first position when the components are situated in an initial position with the latch axis and the boss axis separated a first distance. The latch axis and the boss axis are separated a second distance less than the first distance when the components are urged together to an installed orientation with the latch held from the first position by the boss bearing against the latch with the engaging plane crossing the boss axis.

Abstract: A system for interconnecting construction panels suitable for modular construction has a hybrid connector, a receptor connector and locking connector. The hybrid connector is inserted into the aperture of the receptor connector which limit the displacement relative to each other. The locking connector is inserted into the aperture of the hybrid connector to interlock the three connectors. A panel connector can have an extension tab to provide additional locking action. Panel connectors can have stiffening portions that fill spaces between the connectors to reduce the need to insulate the interconnection and assist in repelling foreign matter entry. A method for interconnecting construction panels includes mating the hybrid connector and the receptor connector and then mating the locking connector from either side of the receptor connector.

Abstract: A window frame for an opening closure having an outer and an inner frame assembly that sandwich a transparent member and a skin or panel with an opening. The outer and inner frame assemblies include each two vertical frame members are kept at a spaced apart and parallel relationship with respect to each other and two horizontal perpendicularly mounted to the vertical frame members. The outer frame members include longitudinal internal channels with a T-shape cross-section defining a wider innermost portion cavity and a narrower neck portion. The innermost portion slidably receives nuts that cooperate with a fastening member to securely mount the outer frame members, transparent member, panel and inner frame members, with fastening members therethrough. None of the hardware is visible from outside the closure.

Abstract: A concrete sandwich panel is provided with a first dry-cast hollowcore concrete layer having pre-stressing strands, and a second concrete layer, and an insulation layer sandwiched therebetween. The insulation layer includes pre-formed holes. A tool is used to form holes in the first concrete layer aligned with the insulation holes. Adhesive is injected into the concrete holes, with connectors extending through the insulation layer and into the concrete holes. The adhesive, when cured, locks the connector in the hollowcore concrete layer. The upper concrete layer is cast over the insulation layer so as to embed the upper ends of the connectors. The plasticity of the upper concrete layer, which may result from vibration energy input to low-slump concrete, allows the concrete to consolidate around the upper ends of the connectors. When the concrete layers cure, the connectors tie the layers together to preclude excessive shear displacement between the concrete.

Abstract: An insulation sheet for insulating a wall, floor, ceiling or roof cavity is flexible, compressible and resilient and has lateral edges extending the length of the sheet. The lateral edges of the sheet are formed with contours along the lengths of the lateral edges, which with the flexibility, compressibility and resilience of the insulation sheet, increase the effective width of the sheet, relative to a conventional insulation sheet of the same length, width, thickness and density with straight lateral edges extending perpendicular between the major surfaces of the conventional sheet, with no or substantially no increase in the amount of insulation material forming the sheet relative to the insulation material used in the conventional insulation sheet. The contours of the lateral edges are formed by reciprocally oscillating or angling cutting blades in a direction transverse to the feed of a sheet past the cutting blades.

Abstract: A plank having a wood core with a groove formed in each of its sides and a protective cladding formed on its top surface. The wood core is formed by bonding a plurality of wood strips or chips together. The cladding is provided by a sheet of a material selected from the group consisting of plastic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, polycarbonate, and composites thereof that is bonded to the top surface, or by two or another number of sheets of a material selected from the group consisting of polyester, phenol, epoxy, and composites thereof, that are sprayed or rolled onto the top surface. T-shaped connector clips can be provided with the arms receivable in the grooves of the plank for securing adjacent planks together.

Abstract: A modular construction unit including an assembly of a multiplicity of interlocking blocks, at least one of the blocks including, on at least one male end, a male element adapted to be introduced partially and held in place in a concave female element provided in another one of said blocks. The male element has at one end thereof, a first part having in section an essentially circular form of a selected diameter Z and a locking part having in section an essentially square form of larger section to create at longitudinal ends of the first part protruding planes S1 and S2, the length of sides of the square form being essentially equal to the diameter Z of the first part and. The female element has an opening having in section an essentially square form and creating a protruding plane P1, the length of sides of the square form being essentially equal to the diameter Z of the first part, as well as at least one cavity having a section larger than the section of the opening and creating a protruding plane P2.

Abstract: A thin, prestressed concrete panel, having a thickness of about one and one-half inch thickness or less, and apparatus for making the same is disclosed. Pairs of prestressed tendons extend between the side and end portions of the panel. The tendons of each pair are positioned on each side of the mid-plane of the panel and spaced from such mid-plane so as to increase panel strength and prevent warping of the panel. A molding apparatus for casting the panel comprises a bottom plate, a pair of opposite side portions, and a pair of opposite end portions. Slots are defined in the side and end portions through which tendons are inserted prior to pouring concrete in the mold. Tensioning means are provided for prestressing the tendons in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the panel.

Abstract: A construction beam includes a pair of lateral members and a resilient web extending therebetween, so as to present a cross-sectional profile corresponding to commonly used construction beam members (e.g., 2″×4″ or 2″×6″). The resilience of the web helps to attenuate sound transmission through the beam from one lateral member to the other. In particular, in a wall frame, the lateral members are mounted at opposite ends thereof to end plates consisting of other construction beams according to the present invention (i.e., a pair of lateral members with resilient web extending therebetween).

Abstract: This method relates to the production of a package (33) by assembling a fluid-confining internal structure (1), an external structure (2) surrounding the internal structure, and at least one functional item of equipment (12, 15) on at least the internal structure. The internal structure (1) is pre-equipped before it is introduced into the external structure (2) by being pulled in along a longitudinal axis of the package. The method is applicable to the construction of packages of air-distillation columns surrounded by their support framework.

Abstract: A process is proposed for laying and mechanically jointing floorboards provided with tongue and groove engagements on all sides for horizontal attachment. The process involves a) jointing of a number of boards and making them engage on their transverse sides n order to lay a first row on the floor of a room, b) jointing of a first board for a second row and making it engage with one or two boards in the first row using the tongue and groove joint on the longitudinal side for the purpose of starting a second row, c) pushing the tongue (or groove) of a second board into the groove (or tongue) on the transverse side of the first board in the second row, with movement from the longitudinal side towards the boards in the first row, and d) making the second board engage with one or two boards in the first row.

Abstract: A glazing support system comprises first and second members. Each member has at least one wing. The members are engageable to trap a glazing panel between the wings. The first and second members are moulded of plastics material.

Abstract: A wall panel assembly comprising a curved, upwardly opening channel and a support member having a downwardly extending insert portion. The insert portion is inserted into the channel. A component is attached to the support member. In a preferred embodiment, a rail member comprises the channel and is removeably attached to a wall panel frame. In another aspect, the wall panel further includes at least a second channel and a second support member engaged with the second channel. The second support member being further attached to the component. In a preferred embodiment, one or both of the second support members include a rotatable cam member that releasably engages the component. A method is also provided for configuring a wall panel with an off-module component.

Abstract: A lightweight panel construction in which a thin layer or veneer of gypsum board is laminated as a facing sheet onto a backing of lightweight open cell reinforcing material to form a composite panel that has the same surface characteristics and appearance as a sheet of conventional gypsum board and is suitable as a lightweight but strong substitute for conventional gypsum board. Portions of the open cell reinforcing material may be removed or omitted to form raceways or channels for utilities or the like.

Abstract: Packages of varying dimensions are loaded into a plurality of electrical package tubes. A guide arrangement is provided, which is programmable to receive the electrical packages by automatically configuring to accommodate the varying dimensions of the electrical packages, the configuring being performed without manual intervention, and a receiving arrangement is provided to receive the electrical package tubes and configured to individually align the electrical package tubes with the guide arrangement to receive the electrical packages. Upon application of a feeding force to the electrical packages, the guide arrangement guides the electrical packages into the electrical package tubes.

Abstract: A package inspecting system includes a packaging machine 200 including a vertical sealing device 201 for sealing opposite longitudinal side edges of a packaging material F, which extend in a direction conforming to a direction of flow of the packaging material F, together to render the packaging material F into a tubular form, and an end sealing device 202 for sealing an end of the tubular packaging material F after articles M have been filled in the tubular packaging material F, to thereby provide a bagged product M1, and a seal checker 400 for inspecting a sealing condition of the packaging material F of the bagged product M1.

Abstract: Form-fill-seal machine includes parts for moving a web of packaging material through the machine according to a process path and parts for transforming the web into filled bags, as well as a zipper strip applicator device for supplying a zipper strip for each bag transverse to the process path, by use of a first and a second conveyor, which in the supply direction of the zipper strip are placed one behind the other and are both provided with parts for retaining the zipper strip during supply, a blade being placed between the first and the second conveyor for cutting the zipper strip and the first and the second conveyor being provided with their own first and second drive.

Abstract: This invention describes a two-wheeled apparatus with rotating translators means and multiple pincers for the packaging tag connected to the terminal free end of a handling thread, whose other free end is fixed to the bag itself.

Abstract: A pocket conveyor for use in food processing in which the pockets move independently from each other. Each pocket contains a portion of food which is conveyed from one processing machine to another in the course of food production. Independent movement of the pockets provides for, among other things, greater efficiencies in food production by allowing independent operation of the various processing machines along the conveyor as well as allowing the use of multiple processing machines for each of one or more processes. Further, independent movement of the pockets eliminates the maintenance issues associated with pockets which are chain-linked, such as chain and motor related failure.

Abstract: A cartoner has an intermediate transfer disposed between each article infeed area and an adjacent bucket conveyor to transfer separate rows of select article count into buckets on the adjacent bucket conveyor. The intermediate transfer runs only the length necessary to feed rows into a bucket for one tier or group of articles. Row selecting and forming devices on, or extending from, buckets or bucket walls are eliminated. A sheet feeder feeds partitions over the upstream end of a group receiving bucket conveyor for deposit on a lower group of articles on which an upper group is to be formed.

Abstract: A surgical spear includes a cut sponge element that has been processed to render it at least substantially free from particulates and other debris; an eye spear comprised of an essentially particulate-free sponge element is uniquely suited for LASIK surgery. In most instances the surgical spear will be enclosed in a packaging component, which may or may not be fabricated from a water-permeable material and may or may not be left unsealed in the packaging step.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding piece goods (P) to a tubular-bag packaging station (4) has a feed conveyer (1) for feeding the piece goods (P) and a packaging-material-web conveyer (5) for conveying the packaging-material web (50) to the packaging station (4). A position-detecting unit (2) serves for detecting the piece goods (P) conveyed on the feed conveyer (1). Furthermore, at least one gripping unit (3) is provided for removing the piece goods (P) from the feed conveyer (1) and for depositing the piece goods (P′) directly or indirectly in a predetermined position on the packaging-material web (50), it being possible to convey the piece goods (P′) from the packaging-material web (50) to the packaging station (4).

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for converting a large bale of hay into a plurality of smaller sized bales having the same nutritional composition and texture as the large bale. The apparatus comprises a first cutting assembly which has a first set of blades which are orthogonally oriented with respect to a second set of blades. The apparatus further comprises a driver head assembly which is used to force a large bale of hay through the first cutting assembly. The apparatus also has a second cutting assembly which comprises a metering knife oriented substantially orthogonal to both the first and second sets of blades of the first cutting assembly. The associated method for processing the large bale fibrous comprises a first step of producing bale sections by pushing the large bale through the first cutting assembly. The method has a second step of producing metered bales through operation of the second cutting assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for producing and withdrawing stacks of plastic bags, especially bags for automatic machines, in coordination with a gradually moving pin stack chain (4) from which the bag packages (6) are removed in a simplified and accelerated manner with the aid of a robot (16) that has a multifunctional hand (17) and automatically executes all essential manipulations and/or movements required for the formation and piling of the bag stacks and finally delivers them to an unloading station (62).

Abstract: In a strapping machine for strapping a stack of products, in particular a stack of periodicals or the like, by means of a strapping tape, it is provided, with a view to reliable and clean conveyance of the stack of products, in particular in the not yet strapped state, that the conveyor used to advance the stack of products is equipped with guide walls, which flank the stack of products on both sides in the conveyance direction and resemble conveyor belts, and with respective feed plates mounted thereon. The conveyor-belt-type guide walls are mounted on the machine for displacement crosswise of the conveyance direction and can be set moving crosswise of the stack of products by driving means. This transverse motion may be in particular a transverse upsetting motion.

Abstract: A hitching arm for a graff harvester comprising a rigid elongated element having two opposite ends for connection, respectively, to the graff harvester and to a propulsion device, wherein the arm has upwardly extending sections extending from each opposite end towards a centre of the hitching arm, and an elevated centre section. The shape of the arm allows the arm to pull a harvesting unit having a cutter head at the front extend over the cutter head.

Abstract: An improved lawn mower includes a chassis assembly having one or more drive wheels, a ground-following cutter deck assembly attached to the chassis, and rolling mechanism attached to the cutter deck, wherein the chassis and the cutter deck are arranged such that the rolling mechanism and the drive wheels support the chassis for movement over a surface. The ground-following cutter deck thereby reacts to the ground contours independent of the reactions of the chassis, and the combined weight of the chassis and cutter deck keep the cutter deck from bouncing, thus, the ground-following cutter deck follows the ground contours evenly.

Abstract: There is disclosed a link for forming a band, the link being formed of an outer casing formed of a plate made of titanium or stainless steel, and an inner part made of aluminum, zinc, an aluminum alloy comprising at least 90 wt. % of aluminum, or a zinc alloy comprising at least 90 wt. % of zinc. There is also disclosed a band made of such links inter-engaged with one another.

Abstract: A low pressure turbine section for an aircraft gas turbine engine includes a low pressure turbine flowpath and counter rotatable low pressure inner and outer shaft rotors having inner and outer shafts, respectively. The low pressure inner and outer shaft rotors include low pressure first and second turbine blade rows disposed across the turbine flowpath and drivingly connected to first and second fan blade rows, respectively. The first low pressure turbine blade rows are disposed downstream of the second low pressure turbine blade rows along said low pressure turbine flowpath. Rows of non-rotatable low pressure vanes are disposed across the low pressure turbine flowpath between the first low pressure turbine blade rows and between the second low pressure turbine blade rows. An annular vaneless gap may be located between an aftmost row of the second low pressure turbine blade rows and a forwardmost row of the first low pressure turbine blade rows.

Abstract: A gas turbine comprises a compressor for compressing a gas supplied therein and discharging the compressed gas, a combustor in which the discharged gas from the compressor and a fuel are combusted, a turbine to be driven by a combustion gas from the combustor, and a water injection unit which injects water into the gas to be supplied to the compressor, thereby lowering the temperature of the gas to be introduced into the compressor to a temperature lower than the atmospheric temperature, and causing water droplets having been injected in the gas and within the compressor to be vaporized while flowing down therein, wherein the quantity of water spray injection is controlled while monitoring operational conditions of the gas turbine.

Abstract: A recuperated gas turbine engine. The gas turbine engine includes a heat exchanger, and gas turbine (including compressor, can-type combustor and turbine). The heat exchanger includes a compressed air passageway and a turbine exhaust gas passageway adjacent to each other within the casing which extend spirally throughout the heat exchanger and towards an inner cylindrical chamber in which the combustor is positioned approximately to the center of the casing. Improved engine fuel efficiency is achieved by preheating the compressed air before it reaches the combustor with the higher-temperature exhaust gas. A can-type combustor is used for alleviating heat-dissipation issues to improve efficiency of the combustion. A concentric back-to-back rotor arrangement significantly shortens the length of a conventional engine turbine rotor which improves on the operational stability of a gas turbine engine.

Abstract: A pressure vessel is provided that includes first and second case segments mated with one another. First and second annular rubber layers are disposed inboard of the first and second case segments, respectively. The second annular rubber layer has a slot extending from the radial inner surface across a portion of its thickness to define a main body portion and a flexible portion. The flexible portion has an interfacing surface portion abutting against an interfacing surface portion of the first annular rubber layer to follow movement of the first annular rubber layer during operation of the pressure vessel. The slot receives pressurized gas and establishes a pressure-actuated joint between the interfacing surface portions. At least one of the interfacing surface portions has a plurality of enclosed and sealed recesses formed therein.

Abstract: The air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be combusted in an internal combustion engine 1 is manipulated to converge an output VO2/out of an O2 sensor 6 which is disposed downstream of a catalytic converter 3 to a target value VO2/TARGET depending on an operating state of the internal combustion engine 1, while at the same time a deterioration evaluating parameter is determined from time-series data of the output VO2/out of the O2 sensor 6. The value of the deterioration evaluating parameter is corrected depending on an average value of the output VO2/out of the O2 sensor 6 or the target value VO2/TARGET, and the deteriorated state of the catalytic converter 3 is evaluated based on the corrected value of the deterioration evaluating parameter.

Abstract: An exhaust passage (20) of an internal-combustion engine (1) is provided with an exhaust emission control unit (40) capable of reducing harmful substances in exhaust gas under a given exhaust pressure condition and an exhaust sensor (22) for detecting the concentration of a specific exhaust component (H2, O2) in the exhaust gas, and a performance lowering identifying unit identifies lowering of the performance of the exhaust emission control (40) by detecting a failure to fulfill the given exhaust pressure condition in accordance with the output of the exhaust sensor.

Abstract: A gasoline in a material fuel tank is separated into a high-RON fuel having a higher octane value than the material fuel and a low-RON fuel having a lower octane value than the material fuel, by a separator device equipped with a separation membrane. Using a fuel switching mechanism, one or both of the high-RON fuel and the low-RON fuel are supplied to the engine in accordance with the state of operation of the engine. As the octane value of a fuel can be changed in accordance with the engine operation state, the state of combustion in the engine improves, so that both an increase in engine output and an improvement in an exhaust property can be achieved.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a preparation device for fuel, for the purpose of providing a starting fuel which comprises low-boiling fuel constituents. A catalytic converter is accommodated in an exhaust train of the internal combustion engine. After-treatment of the exhaust gases is carried out by a secondary air device, by means of the combustion being carried out with an excess of starting fuel for rich-burn operation during the cold start and the subsequent warm-up phase. The system is provided for spark-ignition mixture-compressing or spark-ignition direct injection internal combustion engines.