Abstract: The present invention refers to an ammonobasic method for preparing a gallium-containing nitride crystal, in which gallium-containing feedstock is crystallized on at least one crystallization seed in the presence of an alkali metal-containing component in a supercritical nitrogen-containing solvent. The method can provide monocrystalline gallium-containing nitride crystals having a very high quality.

Abstract: The method of making a GaN single crystal substrate comprises a mask layer forming step of forming on a GaAs substrate 2 a mask layer 8 having a plurality of opening windows 10 disposed separate from each other; and an epitaxial layer growing step of growing on the mask layer 8 an epitaxial layer 12 made of GaN.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a process of preparing a crystal, which comprises:

Abstract: The present invention relates to single crystal silicon, in ingot or wafer form, which contains an axially symmetric region which is free of agglomerated intrinsic point defects, and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: A silicon wafer is doped with boron and germanium in a range that satisfies a relational expression defined by: −0.8×10−3≦4.64×10−24×[Ge]−2.69×10−23×[B]≦1.5×10−3. This can reduce the miss-fit dislocation which might be induced when an epitaxial layer is grown over the silicon wafer that has been added with boron in high concentration. It is to be noted that in the above relational expression, the [B] denotes a boron concentration, while the [Ge] denotes a germanium concentration and a concentration unit is indicated by atoms/cm3.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for applying liquid coating to pellets in a flowing feed stream are provided. An incoming bulk material feed is conditioned to produce a ribbon-like agglomerated flow pattern, and the bulk material is passed through a first spray section which coats an exposed surface of the pellets flowing therethrough. The flow direction is reversed in a second spray station, which operates to expose an opposite surface of the pellets, such that the second spray section coats substantially the remainder of the outer surface of the pellets.

Abstract: A photoresist ashing system includes two processing chambers configured for alternate operation in processing substrates. The system includes a single pump that performs both pump-down and process pumping of both of the chambers. In operation, one of the chambers is pumped down and processed while the other chamber is vented, unloaded and re-loaded.

Abstract: A dispensing system and method for dispensing material onto a substrate. The dispensing system includes a frame, a support, coupled to the frame, that supports the substrate at a dispensing position in the dispensing system, and a dispensing head, coupled to the frame, that dispenses the material onto the substrate. The dispensing head includes a motor unit having a first motor coupled to an output drive mechanism, and a dispensing unit, removably coupled to the motor unit, having a material outlet from which the dispensing material is dispensed, the dispensing unit having a dispensing mechanism coupled to the material outlet and coupled to the output drive mechanism of the motor unit such that operation of the first motor causes the dispensing mechanism to dispense material through the outlet.

Abstract: Using a scan coating method, a liquid film is formed on a substrate having a temperature distribution for correcting a temperature distribution of a liquid film caused by the heat of evaporation due to the volatilization of a solvent contained in the liquid film, and then the solvent is removed from the liquid film to form a coating film.

Abstract: The present invention has several plausible embodiments. In one embodiment an apparatus for coating a medical device is provided. This apparatus includes a coating chamber, a vibrating structure within the coating chamber the vibrating structure capable of suspending a medical device positioned in the coating chamber, and a coating source, the coating source positioned to introduce coating into the coating chamber. In another embodiment a method of coating a medical device is provided. This method includes moving a medical device into a predetermined coating area, vibrating a structure below the medical device, the vibration of the structure forcing the medical device away from the vibrating structure, and coating at least a portion of the medical device that has moved away from the vibrating structure.

Abstract: A machine for impregnating a die cast metal part with liquid impregnant comprises an impregnation chamber having liquid impregnant in a lower portion, an opening for ingress and egress of the parts being defined in a side wall of the chamber above the liquid impregnant, a door for sealing the opening, a part holder in the chamber and an elevator for positioning parts above the liquid impregnant during evacuation of the chamber and then immersing the parts in the liquid impregnant during subsequent pressurization of the chamber.

Abstract: The organic raw material is vaporized to generate the raw material gas in the vaporizing chamber. This raw material gas is mixed with the carrier gas, and transported to the chamber through the raw material gas transportation pipe. The substrate is held within the chamber while the organic film formation surface of the substrate does not face downward in a vertical direction straight up from the ground. The injector of the raw material gas is opposed to the substrate. The raw material gas is blasted from the direction orthogonal to the substrate. Particles fall without adhering to the substrate when holding the substrate in the vertical direction. The deformation of the substrate and the mask for separately painting pixels can be suppressed.

Abstract: The invention includes a deposition apparatus having a reaction chamber, and a microwave source external to the chamber. The microwave source is configured to direct microwave radiation toward the chamber. The chamber includes a window through which microwave radiation from the microwave source can pass into the chamber. The invention also includes deposition methods (such as CVD or ALD methods) in which microwave radiation is utilized to activate at least one component within a reaction chamber during deposition of a material over a substrate within the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A system for spraying an at least substantially fluid material has a source providing a controllable flow of the material to be sprayed; a dosing unit that receives the flow of material from the source, that holds a quantity of the material in a reservoir, and that outputs the material to a dispensing device; and a control arrangement that has as an input signal an indication of a fill level of the reservoir and that outputs a flow control signal to the source such that the fill level in the reservoir is maintained less than a maximum level and greater than a minimum level when the dispensing device is active. The dosing unit thereby forms an active accumulator able to both receive material from the source and deliver material to the dispensing device at the same time.

Abstract: A mixing box 1 comprises a stirring chamber 2 in which two gas-introduction pipes 5, 6 for introducing gases are arranged in such a manner that the gas-introduction inlets 5a, 6a thereof are opposed to one another and a diffusion chamber 3 for diffusing a gas mixture, wherein a partition plate 4 having a specific shape is positioned between the stirring chamber and the diffusion chamber in such a manner that the volume of the diffusion chamber is larger than that of the stirring chamber, wherein a gas-supply opening 7 is arranged, on the partition plate, at a desired position on the lower side of the direction perpendicular to the straight line connecting the two gas-introduction inlets, the box being able to uniformly admix gases having different masses and having a simple structure. The partition plate has a shape of a curve of second degree, which is convex with respect to the bottom of the mixing box.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor wafer treatment member in which the occurrence of slippage thereof is prevented and which has an adequate cohesiveness onto the semiconductor wafer and an excellent durability. The semiconductor wafer treatment member A of the present invention has at least a surface formed with a silicon carbide (SiC) film thereon, comprising a support portion for receiving a semiconductor wafer, said support portion being composed of salients with which said semiconductor wafer substantially comes into contact; and depressions formed with the silicon carbide (SiC) film to provide a coverage area between said salients, said salients being formed with top surfaces having a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 &mgr;m to 1.3 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided for continuously depositing solid carbon at atmospheric pressure onto the surfaces and in the porosity of a thin substrate material.

Abstract: Vacuum/gas phase reactor embodiments used in gas phase dehydroxylation and alkylation reactions are described in which the substrate could be subjected to high vacuum, heated to target temperature, and treated with silane as quickly and efficiently as possible. To better facilitate the silylation and to increase the efficiency of the process, the reactor is designed to contain quasi-catalytic surfaces which can act both as an “activator” to put species in a higher energy state or a highly activated state, and as a “scrubber” to eliminate possible poisons or reactive by-products generated in the silylation reactions. One described embodiment is a hot filament reactor having hot, preferably metallic, solid surfaces within the reactor's chamber in which wafers having mesoporous silicate films are treated. Another is an IR reactor having upper and lower quartz windows sealing the upper and lower periphery of an aluminum annulus to form a heated chamber.

Abstract: A substrate support assembly and method for dechucking a substrate is provided. In one embodiment, a support assembly includes a substrate support having a support surface, a first set of lift pins and one or more other lift pins movably disposed through the substrate support. The first set of lift pins and the one or more lift pins project from the support surface when the pins are in an actuated position. When in the actuated position, the first set of lift pins project a longer distance from the support surface than the one or more other lift pins. In another aspect of the invention, a method for dechucking a substrate from a substrate support is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of projecting a first set of lift pins a first distance above a surface of a substrate support, and projecting a second set of lift pins a second distance above the surface of the substrate support that is less than the first distance.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition apparatus includes a subatmospheric substrate transfer chamber. A subatmospheric deposition chamber is defined at least in part by a chamber sidewall. A passageway in the chamber sidewall extends from the transfer chamber to the deposition chamber. Semiconductor substrates pass into and out of the deposition chamber through the passageway for deposition processing. A mechanical gate is included within at least one of the deposition chamber and the sidewall passageway, and is configured to open and close at least a portion of the passageway to the chamber. A chamber liner apparatus of a chemical vapor deposition apparatus forms a deposition subchamber within the chamber. At least a portion of the chamber liner apparatus is selectively movable to fully expose and to fully cover the passageway to the chamber.

Abstract: In the space, the wastes from human, animals and crop can be fully recycled by rearing maggot which will be nourishing feedstuff for feeding animals. These animals and their eggs combines with the crop plants that NASA developed will be varied food for human in space. The water and nutrition leaving in the residues after rearing maggot can be recycled and fertilized by the crop plant again. Rearing maggot and animals combined with crop plants could achieve a self-sufficient food regenerative system from most wastes to enable human to live and work in space-independent of earth-provided food in long term mission.

Abstract: A device for injecting a fluid into a system comprising at least one milk cup and one milk line connected to the milk cup for discharging milk from the milk cup, the milk cup being provided with an open end for receiving a teat of an animal in the milk cup, the device being provided with an injector for injecting, at an injection position, the fluid into the system, the device being further provided with a closing valve for closing the milk line during injection, the closing position being at a position such that the injection position is located between the open end of the cup and the closing position, characterized in that the closing valve is designed to be closable while being driven by the fluid to be injected.

Abstract: The flush toilet is suitable for use by dogs of various physical sizes. The toilet has two high side wall portions to collect the urine ejected by a male dog. A restraint frame is provided for retaining the dog on a leash in the toilet. The position of the restraint frame is adjustable to accommodate a dog of any size such that the excrement will drop in or close to the drain opening of the toilet. A grid pattern is formed on the inner surface of the high side wall to facilitate the male dog from urinating, and a baffle wall is provided at the front edge of the high side walls to avoid the urine from a male dog from splashing outside of the toilet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provide rotation of avian enclosures. In a first mode of operation, the apparatus automatically rotates the avian enclosure at a slow speed when a bird is detected, and automatically rotates the avian enclosure at a faster speed when a larger animal, such as a squirrel, is detected. In a second mode of operation, the apparatus may be controlled using a wireless remote control to perform a desired action. In a third mode of operation, the apparatus sends one or more signals via wireless transmission to a wireless notification device, which notifies a user of the presence of a bird or a larger animal. The user then has the option of using a wireless remote control to perform a desired action, which may include rotating the avian enclosure at a desired speed, stopping rotation of the avian enclosure, activating a beeper or vibrator, etc.

Abstract: A molded pet toy includes sections or layers of various hardnesses. The pet toy may be constructed through known injection molding, transfer, or compression molding processes. The layers and sections typically have varying hardnesses which facilitates use of the pet toy for a specific purpose. For use as a pet toy, an optimal arrangement provides that the outermost section or layer is of a lower hardness, while the inner sections or layers have a higher hardness. Durability of the pet toy is increased through the molding process which prevents separation between the layers. The pet toy is preferably shaped aerodynamically so it may be easily thrown by a user.

Abstract: A method for automatically error notifying a user of a dairy farm, wherein milking animals, such as cows, are allowed to move freely in an area (1) intended therefore and to visit individually a milking animal station, such as e.g. a milking parlor (9) with a fully automatic milking machine (14), or a feeding station (33), said station comprising an animal identification system (20, 43), and a database of the animals, said method comprising the steps of receiving a pre-selection of a particular milking animal of the milking animals in the database; identifying each milking animal that visits the station; and notifying the user of the dairy farm of the animal in dependence on the pre-selected milking animal visiting the station. The method may be implemented by means of a computer software product loaded into a computer of an animal station or of a dairy farm system.

Abstract: A bulk product melt system including a portable support platform positionable with respect to a bulk product source vessel. A water heating system is positioned with respect to the support platform and includes a water tank, which contains a volume of water heated to a selected process water temperature. A water flowmeter in control communication with the water tank monitors a water flowmeter rate of the heated water from the water tank. A mixing eductor in fluidic communication with the water tank receives the heated water at a controlled water flowmeter rate from the water tank. The portable bulk product melt system also includes a bulk product mixing system that is positioned with respect to the portable support platform and includes a bulk product receiver having an inlet portion in fluidic communication with an outlet of the bulk product source vessel and an outlet portion in fluidic communication with the mixing eductor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combusting a fuel and air mixture within a combustion chamber, particularly a combustion chamber of a gaseous fuel fired water heater. A pressure relief void is intentionally formed so that a combustion chamber forms communication with a surrounding environment through means other than the exhaust flue and/or a fuel and/or air inlet. During ignition, the pressure relief void allows pre-combustion fluid within the combustion chamber to escape through both the pressure relief void and the exhaust flue. The pressure relief void reduces or eliminates undesirable noise associated with start-up and operation of conventional water heater combustion chambers with premixed burner systems. The pressure relief void of this invention is preferably sized large enough to relieve an ignition pressure pulse from the combustion chamber upon ignition and yet is sized small enough to prevent a combustion flame from passing through the pressure relief void during ignition and/or operational combustion.

Abstract: This ICE combines the advantages of a four-stroke engine and the power output of a two-stroke and air engines. The air charged from the high pressure receiver (1) is charged the engine through the electric valve (4) independently of the fuel and enables, due to a great difference in pressures, fast performance of the process eliminate intake and compression strokes which results in a two-stroke cycle operation. Depending on the degree of air reduction, the mode of operation of atmospheric or turbocharged engine can be achieved. Replacing of the mechanical exhaust valve (6) with the electric valve (7a, 7b) enables switching from two-stroke to four stroke mode of operation and vice versa only by the computer 2 instruction. Location of the fuel nozzle (5) directly in the compression chamber and its operation independently from the electric air valve (4) enable use of the petrol, gas and oil.

Abstract: A device for controlling an internal combustion engine with a variable valve timing system is provided. While the piston descends just after the combustion in the cylinder, the intake valve is opened by the variable valve system for the intake valve such that the intake air is supplied into the cylinder from the engine intake system.

Abstract: The invention is related to the Revolvable Motor of Internal Combustion “TURBOVOLANTE” (turbine-steering wheel). This Cinematic System is good to rotate through fuels or magnetic fields, it works as a vacuum Pump or Compressor of gases like propane, oxygen, etc. and this work is carried out it by means of rectangular Fins that expand and contract moving a Crankshaft and it Pinion that leans on a Toothed Ring inside, moving or fixed pinion of the Stator. With ratios 2:1 in that of 4 Fins, 4:1 in that of 8 Fins, and 6:1 in that of 12 Fins. The invention gives a fixed cylinder to rotors some with grooves for the entrance and evacuation of gases and explosions, which are carried out inside the rotor in 90%.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one piston with an adjustable stroke length. The engine includes a connecting rod attached to the piston and a crankshaft. The crankshaft has a journal portion that extends along a length that is non-perpendicular to a movement axis of the piston. The crankshaft may be moved in a longitudinal direction with respect to the piston to adjust the position of the connecting rod on the journal portion and to thereby adjust the stroke length of the piston.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting an operating mode of an engine or engine component modulate a first engine parameter and analyze a change in a second engine parameter in response to modulating the first engine parameter to detect a current operating mode based on changes in at least one of the first and second engine parameters. In a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine embodiment, the system and method modify ignition timing of at least one cylinder until engine knock is detected and determine whether the cylinder is operating in the lower compression ratio mode or the higher compression ratio mode by comparing the ignition timing change required to cause engine knock to a corresponding threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved cam contacting devices for use in internal combustion engines and preferably for use in internal combustion engines having variable valve timing. In particular, the use of ceramics including silicon nitride and silicon carbide have been demonstrated as providing effective cam contacting surfaces allowing an axially displaceable cam shaft having a variable profile cam to be run with resulting improvements in idle speed and volumetric efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thrust cam cap for an engine camshaft disclosed to effectively place a thrust cam cap to limit the longitudinal movement of an engine camshaft according to the location of a thrust bearing cap that limits the longitudinal movement of the crankshaft, thereby maintaining a smooth operation of a timing belt or a timing chain in spite of thermal expansion of the crankshaft and the camshaft while an engine is in operation.

Abstract: In order to improver a response of a rocker arm by reducing a moment of inertia of the rocker arm around a pivot portion thereof, the invention provides a rocker arm comprises a metal-plate-made rocker arm main body including a pivot portion and a valve stem guide portion respectively formed in the longitudinal-direction two end portions thereof. In the provided rocker arm, the center-of-gravity position of the rocker arm main body is set at a position shifted to the pivot portion side from the longitudinal-direction center thereof. Moreover, The clearance between a pair of opposing side wall portions formed in the valve stem guide portion is set narrow so that the center-of-gravity of the rocker arm main body can be set at a position shifted to the pivot portion side from the longitudinal-direction center thereof.

Abstract: An engine has a crankshaft journaled on an engine body. The crankshaft has an end portion that extends outward beyond the engine body. In some embodiments, a flywheel has a hub portion and a wheel portion which are unitarily formed with each other. The hub portion has a cylindrical shape that extends generally along an axis of the crankshaft and is coupled with the end portion of the crankshaft. The hub portion has a uniform thickness and a nut or bolt fastens the hub portion onto the end portion of the crankshaft. In other embodiments, the flywheel has a wheel portion and a coupling portion which are unitarily formed with each other. The coupling portion extends over the end portion of the crankshaft and intersects an axis of the crankshaft. Multiple bolts fasten the coupling portion onto the end portion of the crankshaft.

Abstract: An idle stop-start control method includes initiating a monitoring system, determining if the engine is running, and monitoring the engine to detect a shut-down condition or a sustain condition. The method includes initiating the restarting of an engine based on the condition of input parameters.

Abstract: An engine starting system that includes a power source, an electromagnetic coil and core, and a choke valve disposed in an air intake of an air/fuel-mixing device of an internal combustion engine. At the time of starting the engine, the power source outputs an electrical signal to an electromagnetic coil and core, inducing a magnetic field from the electromagnetic coil and the core. The magnetic field from the core moves the choke valve toward a substantially closed position that enriches an intake mixture of fuel and air to the engine during starting. In one embodiment, the power source includes a moving magnet that interacts with a stator coil to provide the electrical signal to the electromagnetic coil. In another embodiment, the closing of a starter switch allows a battery to provide the electrical power to the electromagnetic coil.

Abstract: A cylinder for an internal combustion engine and a method for treating the inner surface of the cylinder, which enables the inner surface constituting a piston-sliding surface of the cylinder to have a high quality plated layer which is uniform in thickness and smooth in surface at low cost without necessitating grinding work such as honing work. The cylinder and the method of the present invention are characterized in that the inner surface of the cylinder is provided with a plated layer which is deposited thereon by a PR (Periodical Reverse) method employing a high-speed polarity reversal power source.

Abstract: An engine has a lubrication system to lubricate at least a portion of the engine with lubricant. The lubrication system has a lubrication pump that periodically pressurizes the lubricant toward the portion of the engine. A first sensor senses an engine speed. A second sensor senses an engine load. A third sensor senses a temperature of the lubricant or the engine. A control device controls the lubrication pump. The control device determines a frequency of periodic pressurization by the lubrication pump based upon outputs from the first and second sensors. The control device determines a pressurization time of the lubrication pump based upon at least one of outputs from the first sensor, second sensor, third sensor, and a battery voltage.

Abstract: There is provided a control method for a premixed compression ignition internal combustion engine, which is capable of responding easily to a sudden change in operating conditions. In a control method for a premixed compression ignition internal combustion engine 5 in which a gaseous mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a fuel is compressed and self-ignited within a cylinder, cyclohexene is mixed with the fuel to be supplied to the premixed compression ignition internal combustion engine according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. The premixed compression ignition internal combustion engine 5 has supply means 1 for supplying a first fuel and supply means 2 for supplying a second fuel that contains cyclohexene and whose self-ignition delay time is set so as to be longer than that of the first fuel. The first fuel consists of fuels other than cyclohexene.

Abstract: A fuel injector-spark plug combination includes a fuel injector for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a spark plug for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber, and has a spark-plug insulator including a first electrode, and includes a second electrode. The fuel injector and the spark-plug insulator of the spark plug are each disposed in a recess of a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine. The fuel injector and the spark-plug insulator of the spark plug are fixedly held in place in a shared connecting member arranged outside of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A valve assembly and method for controlling flow of gases through a passage between an engine crankcase and an engine intake manifold is provided. The method includes decreasing a flow of gases through the passage between the crankcase and the intake manifold when a temperature of the gases is greater than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is an ignition control system for an engine having at least one combustion chamber and an ignition element for initiating combustion in the chamber. As one aspect of the ignition control, a switching circuit is provided for controlling the firing of the ignition element based upon either a signal received from a mechanism which detects and outputs a first firing timing signal or a computing mechanism which outputs a second firing timing signal based upon the first firing timing signal. As a second aspect of the ignition control, ignition elements are paired and fired together. In this arrangement, the ignition control includes a mechanism for counting outputted firing signals and assigning them values. These values are used to control the firing of the pairs of ignition elements, permitting the pairs of elements to be fired such that combustion initiation in individual combustion chambers corresponding is controllable.

Abstract: A throttle body has a main body made of resin. A throttle valve, a motor, and a gear mechanism, are disposed within the main body, so that the rotation of the motor is transmitted to the throttle valve via the gear mechanism. The gear mechanism includes a drive gear, mounted to an output shaft of the motor, and an intermediate gear disposed between the drive gear and the throttle valve. A metal plate is mounted to a motor casing of the motor and the intermediate gear is mounted to the metal plate. The interface between the intermediate gear and the throttle valve is adjustable.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a control system parameter determine a difference between a desired and estimated or measured parameter value, apply a weighting factor to the difference, and select a control strategy based on the weighted difference. The weighting factor generally reflects the confidence in the accuracy of the parameter value determined by the parameter monitor. The weighting factor may be determined based on one or more engine or ambient operating conditions or parameters, or based on statistical analyses of monitor values and/or control system parameter values, for example. In one embodiment, an engine torque monitor for an electronic throttle control system uses percent torque deviation and rate of change to select an appropriate weighting factor and determine whether a deviation between desired and estimated or measured torque selects an alternative control strategy.

Abstract: In a pressure-controlled fuel injection apparatus (1) with a common rail, an injector (5), and a metering valve (6) for controlling the injector (5), the metering valve (6) is integrated into the common rail. This reduces the production cost for the fuel injection apparatus (1).

Abstract: A fuel injection system includes a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber has a displaceable piston (24), which can be subjected to pressure via a low-pressure-side pressure booster chamber, for compressing the fuel in a high-pressure-side pressure booster chamber to be delivered to an injector. The stroke of the piston (24) is controllable essentially by the pressure in a differential chamber of the pressure chamber and is used to vary the fuel pressure delivered to the injector. Means (24, 25) for enlarging the cross section of the outlet cross section out of the differential chamber of the pressure chamber are provided. The fuel pressure during the injection can be varied. A pressure increase can be achieved with simple means.

Abstract: A compensating element for supporting a fuel injector (6) in a cylinder head (7) of an internal combustion engine is configured in the form of an intermediate ring (2) and situated between a valve housing (14) of the fuel injector (6) and a wall (12) of a receiving bore (11) of the cylinder head (7). The compensating element (1) has webs (3) at the intermediate ring (2) which extend along the valve housing (14) and on which support segments (4) are affixed which surround the valve housing (14), thereby distancing the valve housing (14) from the wall (12) of the receiving bore (11).