Abstract: A solid electrolyte layer or body capable of being co-fired with an insulating ceramic substrate or body to be used as a gas sensor laminate. The gas sensor laminate is preferably composed of an alumina substrate (1) and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer (6) bonded to the alumina substrate (1) by firing. The oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer or body is formed from partially or wholly stabilized zirconia, which layer contains alumina in an amount of 10% to 80% by weight, particularly 30% to 75% by weight. In this manner, another ceramic layer; particularly, a ceramic layer (7) of alumina can further be bonded to the oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte layer. The relative density of the ceramic layer can be 60% to 99.5%, preferably 80% to 99.5%.

Abstract: The invention relates to yarns, fibres or filaments that can be fibrillated and to a method and device for their production. According to the invention, said yarns, fibres or filaments consist of at least two elementary filaments of a polymer A and each second elementary filament is sheathed with the polymer B.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to an electrolyte solution used to manufacture an electrolytic copper foil for a secondary battery electrode collector and a printed circuit, and based on a 1-liter electrolyte solution, the present invention contains: 0.5 to 40 mg of at least one sulfur compound selected from a disulfur compound, dialkylamino- T-oxomethyl- thioalkan sulfonic acid, and thioalkan sulfonic acid salt; 1 to 1000 mg of at least more than one kind of an organic compound selected from a group consisting of a poly aklylene glycol-type surfactant and low molecular gelatin; and 0.1 to 80 mg of chlorine ion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a low roughness electrodeposited copper foil, and an electrodeposited copper foil manufactured thereby, and uses an electrolyte which basically consists of a sulfuric acid, a copper ion and a chloride ion is adapted with an additive which consists of a HEC (Hydroxyethyl Cellulose) of 0.05˜50 ppm, a SPS (bis(sodiumsulfopropyl)disulfide) of 0.05˜20 ppm, and a gelatin of 0.1˜100 ppm. The present invention is adapted to manufacture a low roughness electrodeposited copper foil using a conventional copper foil manufacture facility and the electrodeposited copper foil according to the present invention is adapted as a material for a copper clad laminate for a printed circuit substrate and an electrode material for a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plating a metal onto a substrate. The apparatus generally The apparatus generally includes a substrate support member configured to support a substrate during a plating process, a cathode clamp ring detachably positioned to circumscribe a perimeter of the substrate and a movable anode assembly disposed above the substrate, wherein the anode assembly is movable in a direction generally perpendicular the substrate. The apparatus generally further includes a fluid inlet formed through the anode assembly, the fluid inlet being configured to supply a plating solution to the processing area sufficient to electrically connect the anode assembly to the substrate.

Abstract: A cell to electroplate and/or electropolish semiconductor wafers includes an electrolyte receptacle and a wafer chuck assembly. The cell also includes a first actuator configured to translate the wafer chuck assembly between a first position and a second position, where the wafer chuck assembly covers the electrolyte receptacle in the first position and retracts from the electrolyte receptacle in the second position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a transparent conductive film at a low temperature that is suitable for use with a synthetic resin substrate. According to the production method of a substrate with an electrode of the present invention, an oxide conductive film composed of an amorphous material or mainly composed of an amorphous material is formed on a substrate at a temperature equal to or less than the crystallization temperature of the film, and subsequently, the formed oxide conductive film is crystallized by heating. The oxide conductive film is processed into the shape of an electrode either before or after crystallization, according to necessity.

Abstract: A method for coating zinc, zinc plated, or steel articles with a hydroxy benzoic acid protective coating by coating a cleaned zinc, zinc plated, or steel with a hydoxy benzoic acid composition having a pH of about 2.0 to 5.0; and coating cleaned tin surfaced articles with a composition having a PH of 2.0 to 12.0, and the composition having as its essential ingredients proteins, amino acids, amino acid—protein compounds and amine alcohols; and the articles produced thereby along with the coated articles having an appropriate paint thereon.

Abstract: The anode is separated from the alkaline electrode to avoid undesirable secondary reactions in an alkali zinc nickel electroplating bath.

Abstract: A metal plating bath and method of plating a metal on a substrate where the metal plating bath contains heteroatom organic compounds that prevent or inhibit the consumption of metal plating bath additives. The metal plating bath additives improve the brightness of plated metal as well as ductility, micro-throwing power and micro-throwing power of the plating bath. The addition of the additive consumption inhibiting heteroatom organic compounds improves the physical properties of the plated metal as well as the efficiency of the plating process. The heteroatom organic compounds may contain sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen heteroatoms.

Abstract: A method for the production of an intermetallic compound (M1Z) involves treating a solid precursor material comprising three or more species, including first and second metal or metalloid species (M1, Z) and a non-metal species (X), by electro-deoxidation in contact with a melt comprising a fused salt (M2Y) under conditions whereby the non-metal species dissolves in the melt. The first and second metal or metalloid species form an intermetallic compound. The method is performed in a cell comprising a cathode of the precursor material (2), which is immersed in a melt (8) contained in a crucible (6) for electro-deoxidation.

Abstract: Direct bromination of hydroxy aromatic compounds by electrolysis of mixtures comprising the hydroxy aromatic compound, a source of bromide ion, and an organic solvent provides product brominated hydroxy aromatic compounds at synthetically useful rates with high para-selectivity. The process does not require the use or handling of molecular bromine or bromine complexes and allows the full use of the bromide source without generating hydrogen bromide as a by-product of the reaction. The simple electrochemical equipment required by the present process, for example an undivided electrochemical cell, makes the process less capital intensive than analogous electrochemical processes carried out in divided cells. The use of hydrobromic acid as the source of bromide ion provides clean reaction with nearly exclusive formation of the target brominated product.

Abstract: The process and composition for to obtain chlorine dioxide in aqueous solution, ready to use, stabilized in buffer carbonate, being a powerful disinfectant agent, environmental classification, non residual, non toxic and non phytotoxic at use concentrations, characterized because the process understands an analysis of raw materials mainly the chloride metallic, main component for the reaction; it gets ready brines solution, the brine is a solution of sodium chloride at 20° C.-25° C. with soft water, the brine concentrations is at 9 to 15% parts in weight; then the brines are made go by an electrochemical cell, this cell are forming with silicoses iron, the composition is unknown, but is the same panels used in light conversion (DC/AC transformation) panels; the difference of potential is caused in voltaic cells at laminar regime, so that it produces the oxidation of the metallic chloride and to obtain in direct form the active principle of the invention, chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A polishing method for electropolishing a metal film formed on a wafer surface so as to fill concave portions formed on the wafer surface comprises a step of determining an electropolishing end point of the metal film on the basis of a change of a current waveform resulting from electropolishing the metal film. An electropolishing apparatus comprising a current detector for detecting a current waveform resulting from electropolishing a metal film and an end point determination part for determining an electropolishing end point of the metal film on the basis of the change of a current detected with the current detector is used to realize the polishing method.

Abstract: In one embodiment a method for sensing specific molecules is provided. The method comprises forming a nanoelement structure and forming two spaced apart electrodes in contact with the nanoelement structure, wherein at least one of the electrodes is capable of functioning as a sensing element to sense the specific molecules.

Abstract: A galvanic probe comprises a sensor electrode and a reference electrode. The sensor electrode has an exposed surface that comprises a noble metal or antimony or bismuth, and, optionally, an oxide or hydroxide thereof. The reference electrode is spaced apart from the sensor electrode and has an exposed surface that comprises zinc or magnesium, and, optionally, an oxide or hydroxide thereof. The probe may be incorporated into a device for controlling the pH and/or ORP of a fluid in a vessel to a desired pH and/or ORP level, incorporated into methods for measuring the pH and/or ORP of a fluid, or used as a galvanic cell.

Abstract: A system for measuring a glucose level in a blood sample includes a test strip and a meter. The test strip includes a sample chamber, a working electrode, a counter electrode, fill-detect electrodes, and an auto-on conductor. A reagent layer is disposed in the sample chamber. The auto-on conductor causes the meter to wake up and perform a test strip sequence when the test strip is inserted in the meter. The meter uses the working and counter electrodes to initially detect the blood sample in the sample chamber and uses the fill-detect electrodes to check that the blood sample has mixed with the reagent layer. The meter applies an assay voltage between the working and counter electrodes and measures the resulting current. The meter calculates the glucose level based on the measured current and calibration data saved in memory from a removable data storage device associated with the test strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a unitary molded clip for displaying and storing jewelry. The clip is comprised of a base and first and second downwardly extending sidewalls, where the first and second downwardly extending sidewalls form the boundaries of a recess having a concave surface extending downwardly away from the surface of the base. A tab is provided which extends from the first downwardly extending side wall, projecting across the concave surface of the recess. Also provided is a first winged projection that extends downwardly from the base into the recess toward the tab. When an item of jewelry is inserted between the first winged projection and the tab, the jewelry is secured to the unitary molded clip.

Abstract: There is provided a capsule for dental restoration material, which can administer to a site to be restored of a patient with a mixture in a good state where air bubbles are not substantially contained, immediately after mixing. In the capsule for dental restoration material for directly administering to a restoration site of a tooth with the mixture prepared by subjecting a dental restoration material comprising two components of definite amounts of previously weighed powder component and liquid component accommodated in a cylindrical mixing compartment in an isolated state from each other to making the liquid component flow into the mixing compartment and mixing the both components, an air-permeable filter that does not pass the powder component therethrough but can ventilate air within the mixing compartment into the outside of the mixing compartment is placed in at least a part of a peripheral wall of the mixing compartment.

Abstract: A container carrier which is made of a foldable flat material, comprising:

Abstract: A vessel is separated into at least two compartments by an easy-open peelable seal. At least one of the separated compartments is constituted of a laminate material. A gas barrier layer is provided to part of the laminate material so that the gas barrier layer may cover the entire surface of that compartment. An example of the vessel includes a vessel in which a laminate material comprised of at least an easy-open peelable material layer and a gas barrier layer is formed into a pouch shape, such that the easy-open peelable material layer is located on the inside of the vessel.

Abstract: A piece of luggage has a closable case having an interior, a partition subdividing the interior into a gun compartment adapted to hold a gun and another compartment adapted to hold personal items. The gun is secured in place in the gun compartment. The case is elongated and has a long edge formed with an opening giving access to the other personal-item compartment and a short end formed with an opening giving access to the gun compartment. The partition extends longitudinally in the case. Alternately the case is formed by a pair of hard shells and the partition carrying the gun is pivoted between them.

Abstract: A portable gun case has a generally rectangular floor wall having two long side edges and two short end edges bridging the side edges, respective side and end walls projecting upward from the respective edges of the floor wall and forming an upwardly open cavity, and a top wall secured to one of the side walls and engageable down over the cavity. A mounting board fitted to one of the walls in the cavity is adapted to support parts of a gun. A plurality of flexible holding tapes are each mounted releasably at any of a plurality of locations on the board so the tapes can be wrapped around the parts of the gun and thereby securing the gun to the board.

Abstract: The container 10 comprises a bottom cover 12, a plurality of stackable trays 14 for holding produce, a sleeve 18, and a top cover 20. Each tray 14 is filled with produce and placed within the bottom cover 12. After the trays 14 are stacked, a film may be wrapped around the trays 14 to stabilize the produce. The sleeve 18 is then lowered over the trays 14 and the container 10 is capped with the top cover 20. When assembled, the container 10 may be secured by securement members, such as straps 64, and placed on a base member 22 for supporting the container and facilitating the shipping of the container. At the point of sale, the top cover 20 and sleeve 18 may be removed, exposing the produce, thereby forming a display bin capable of displaying the shipped produce to customers for purchase.

Abstract: A substrate transfer apparatus, for removing a substrate from a substrate accommodating tray accommodating the substrate in a horizontal state, includes a plurality of support pins for raising the substrate accommodated in the substrate accommodating tray above the substrate accommodating tray. The substrate accommodating tray includes a plurality of openings through which the plurality of support pins are to be inserted. The plurality of support pins are moved up relative to the substrate accommodating tray and are inserted through the plurality of openings of the substrate accommodating tray, so as to raise the substrate. The plurality of support pins each have a length sufficient to be vertically inserted through a plurality of substrate accommodating trays stacked vertically.

Abstract: A decorative fabric cover for overlying a seasonal plastic shell, such as a Halloween pumpkin, and bearing decorative motifs or themes representative of other seasonal or designated occasions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a package for goods having a bar-code (2) and a temperature indicator (3) having a contrast medium between a front wall and a base wall. According to the invention, the temperature indicator (3) is placed beside the bar-code (2) in close connection to an outer code bar (4) thereof without covering the bar-code in order to, on one hand, in a first temperature state unimpededly enable scanning of the bar-code, but, on the other hand, after changing of the colour in the contrast medium make scanning impossible, more precisely by making an outer neutral field (5) opaque. The invention also relates to a temperature indicator as such as well as a method for marking packages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blister package for topiramate tablets comprising a pan sheet having preformed cavities containing topiramate tablets dried to a free water content of between about 0.4% to about 1.4% and a cover sheet sealed to the pan sheet. The present invention further provides a process for blister packaging dried topiramate tablets into a blister package with improved shelf-life and stability performance.

Abstract: A reusable packaging system is disclosed in which a series of thermoformed trays are used to mount six spider type office chair bases. Three bases are mounted in an inverted position on the tray and three bases are mounted upright. A stack of load trays may be constructed with the bottom-most tray fastened to a standard pallet. The stack is plastic wrapped and shipped. After unloading, empty trays may be stacked in a nested arrangement and returned for reuse making for a simple, reliable and inexpensive system.

Abstract: Economical processes are disclosed for production of components for refinery blending of transportation fuels which are liquid at ambient conditions by selective oxygenation of refinery feedstocks comprising a mixture of organic compounds. The organic compounds are oxygenated in a liquid reaction medium with an oxidizing agent and heterogeneous oxygenation catalyst system which exhibits a capability to enhance the incorporation of oxygen into a mixture of liquid organic compounds to form a mixture comprising hydrocarbons, oxygenated organic compounds, water of reaction, and acidic co-products. The mixture is separated to recover at least a first organic liquid of low density and at least a portions of the catalyst metal, water of reaction and acidic co-products. Advantageously, the organic liquid is washed with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate solution, or other soluble chemical base capable to neutralize and/or remove acidic co-products of oxidation, and recover oxygenated product.

Abstract: Process to prepare two or more base oil grades, which base oil grades having different kinematic viscosity's at 100° C. from a waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch product having a content of non-cyclic iso-paraffins of more than 70 wt % by (a) obtaining from the waxy paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch product a distillate fraction having a viscosity corresponding to one of the desired base oil products, (b) performing a catalytic dewaxing step using the distillate fraction obtained in step (a) as feed, (c) separating the lower boiling compounds from the dewaxed product obtained in step (b) in order to obtain the desired base oil, and (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) for each base oil.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for inhibiting the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising adding to said monomers an effective amount of at least one inhibitor selected from the group consisting of C-nitrosoaniline and quinone imine oxime compounds.

Abstract: A method and reactor for upgrading a hydrocarbon in which an oxygen source and a hydrocarbon source are ignited and the resulting synthetic gas is used to initiate a gas phase heavy oil upgrade reaction. The upgrade reaction is quenched quickly after initiation of the gas phase reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and process for controlling space velocity in a fluidized catalytic conversion reactor. The catalyst flux rate can be adjusted during the process of the reaction to adjust the space velocity and maintain a fast fluidized flow regime therein. The set parameter in the reactor may be pressure drop which is proportional to catalyst density.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and process for controlling reactor volume in a fluidized catalytic conversion reactor. Changing volume results in controllable residence time and/or space velocity. Reactor volume may be changed by altering the feed distributor elevation, diluent flow rate or the number of reaction subsections to which feed is distributed.

Abstract: Process for recovering and moving refinery tar by the formation of oil in water dispersions of the above tar, the above dispersions having a water content of at least 20% by weight, and the dispersing agent being selected from salts of alkaline metals and ammonium, and relative mixtures, of the condensates of naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde, which comprises:

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying sample sand from a mixing machine to a sand-property-measuring apparatus so that sample sand having no clump of sand is sampled, and so that the value of the compactibility correlates with the value measured by conventional sand-property-measuring apparatus.

Abstract: A filter is provided within a case. A to-be-filtered fluid flowing into the case is passed through a peripheral wall of the filter. Thereby, foreign matter included in the to-be-filtered fluid is captured by filtration. A cleaning member is provided within the case. The cleaning member pressurizes the to-be-filtered fluid by a pressure fluid, and causes the pressurized to-be-filtered fluid to pass through the peripheral wall of the filter in a direction reverse to a direction in which the to-be-filtered fluid is filtered. When foreign matter captured in the filter is to be removed and cleaned, the to-be-filtered fluid remaining in the case is pressurized by the cleaning member and caused to flow in a direction reverse to a direction in which the to-be-filtered fluid is filtered. Thereby, foreign matter captured by the peripheral wall of the filter is removed.

Abstract: A portable water purifier having a housing, a handle, an input tube, an output valve, a power supply line, and a water purification system. This water purification system includes a preliminary filter, a pump, two reverse osmosis units and a discharge tube. The preliminary filter can be placed in a river or a lake. The power supply line can connect to an electric energy source, such as electric generator, solar electric generator, and so on. So, it is very convenient to use it indoors or outdoors.

Abstract: A water processing device for removing contaminants from water for consumption, consisting of: 1) a heat exchanger; 2) a heater; 3) a boiler chamber; 4) a liquid level control device; 5) a demister; 6) a degasser; and, 7) a self-cleaning component. A water seal to prevent steam from leaking from the device is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for removing an oil contaminant from a surface of an aqueous solution, comprising manually controlling a surface skimmer from a remote location to remove a layer or a batch of an oil contaminant from an oil-aqueous solution mixture by the skimmer, where the aqueous solution is contaminated by the oil as a result of an industrial process. The present invention also provides a system for carrying out the method, which comprises a surface skimmer, a collection means which is preferably a separator, a conduit connecting the skimmer to the collection means in an airtight fashion, and means for creating negative pressure in the skimmer, where the skimmer is capable of manual control from a remote location; in further embodiments, the system further comprises an air filtering means.

Abstract: There are described processes and apparatus for the separation of components from a mixture of components in a fluid such as biological materials in a fermentation broth or other biomass product. The fluid mixture is passed through a plurality of individual separation modules which are in sequential fluid communication, at least one of which can be isolated from the other(s). The individual separation modules include chemically active capture materials which are capable of capturing desired components from the mixture. The chemically active capture material of each individual separation module may have the same chemical activity or the chemically active capture material of at least one separation module may have a different chemical activity than that of the capture material of the other separation module(s).

Abstract: A system (11) for providing purified water comprises a plurality of individual modules, each of which includes a separable head (13) and a canister (17), which modules are joined one to another via these heads to create a composite manifold (15). The heads and canisters are respectively of substantially identical construction, and the hollow canisters include the following units: preheater, prefilter (25), pump (27), membrane purification (29), postfilter (31), and UV treatment. The overall system is monitored by a control unit (131) that is regularly interrogated by an off-site, headquarters computer, and both the control unit (131) and the headquarters computer are proactive in detecting potential difficulties that may be able to be readily remedied by promptly dispatching a serviceperson with a replacement for the canister containing the operating unit that requires replacement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filter assembly of a washing machine having a simple structure to separate dirt or particles involved in washing water using a centrifugal force. The present invention includes a filter case comprising inlet and outlet on a circumference and an opening inside to make the inlet and outlet communicate with each other and a filter provided in the filter case, the filter having a plate disposed in front of the opening to prevent a heavy particle from passing through the opening wherein the heavy particle is gathered in a central area by a centrifugal force when water flowing in the filter case via the inlet whirls to pass through the opening.

Abstract: A reusable, ecological, long lasting, washable, non disposable filter for lubricant oils and fuels to be used in internal combustion engines or in any other equipment to help prolong the live of the lubricant oils and equipmen One or several essentially cylindrical independent filtering element place one inside the other, each filtering element consisting of a fine stainless steel cloth of a different mesh as needed for an optimal filtration, filtering out large, medium and small particles down to 5 microns if needed. The fin stainless steel cloth is enclosed in and retained by an open mesh and a number of rods that forms a cage extending longitudinally between two en caps being joint to form an assembly of a single unit by resin caps at each en thus forming an independent, leak proof filtering element that keeps the fine stainless steel cloth in position even during cleaning procedure that includes pressurized air that is forced through.

Abstract: A filter comprises a box casing in which at least one cavity is present between an outer element of the casing and an inner surface presenting a plurality of channels on which a corresponding hydrophilic filtering membrane lies, the cavity communicating with a conduit for entry of the fluid into the filter and the channels being connected to a conduit for exit of the fluid, in the outer element there being provided through apertures with which hydrophobic membranes are associated. A surface bounded by the shortest possible ideal closed line, which totally comprises all the hydrophobic membranes, contains substantially within its interior the projection thereon of the useful hydrophilic surface of the hydrophilic filtering membrane, this enabling the filter to be employed in a plurality of spatial positions during its use.

Abstract: The module includes a monolithic container (30), pretreatment means (49) known in the art, and a selectively permeable membrane treatment cartridge known in the art, respectively housed in an external cylindrical space (36) and an internal cylindrical space (35) of the container, communicating with each other via one or more passages (37) in the vicinity of one axial end of the container (30), the external space (36) communicating at the same end as the opposite axial end with a first connector orifice (321) for feeding fluid to be purified to said means (49), and the internal space (35) communicating separately, at the same end as the aforementioned axial end, with a second connector orifice (322) for evacuating from the module (15) a flow of permeate (purified fluid) and with a third connector orifice (323) for evacuating from the module (15) a flow of retentate (residual fluid).

Abstract: In a chemical reactor, a gas and a liquid which are in trace volumes are used to produce air bubbles and thus increase the interface area between the gas and liquid, substantially enhancing the efficiency of reaction between the gas and liquid. The chemical reactor comprises the following: a sheath flow forming block which forms a plurality of alternating sheath flows with two mutually unmixable fluids; a plurality of inlet ports through which said two fluids flow into the sheath flow forming block; a contraction zone which simultaneously contracts a plurality of sheath flows formed in the sheath flow forming block; and reaction flow channels each of which is connected with said contraction zone and is smaller in width than the sheath flow forming block.

Abstract: A filter for a spa or pool, having a filter body which receives a filter bag having a sheath encompassing the exterior of the filter body and a pocket extending inwardly from the front end of the sheath into the filter. Operation of the spa water circulation system draws spa water into the filter bag pocket while concurrently spa water is drawn transversely through the filter bag sheath and auxiliary spa water openings into the filter body. An O-ring encircles the upper portion of the filter bag to releasably retain such bag to the filter body during operation of the spa water circulation system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter element and its manufacture to be used in removal of liquid from solids containing material to be dried in a capillary suction dryer which filter element contains a ceramic microporous layer having the pore size under 5 micrometer and supported by a ceramic internal layer having recess areas for liquid flowing. The internal layer is made of at least one substrate which continuously surrounds at least one recess area and which ceramic internal layer is surrounded by at least one essentially continuous microporous surface layer.