Abstract: An inspection unit of an intaglio printing press includes a suction table for correcting the position of printed sheet-like object as being disposed inside of a unit frame, and a camera and a light for inspecting the printing quality of sheet-like object being corrected of position by the suction table provided in a shroud inside of the unit frame. The table is disposed in a moving table with casters so as to move the suction table between a working position inside of the frame and a maintenance position outside thereof. The shroud is supported on first support rails through support rollers so that the camera and light can be moved between the working position inside of the frame and the maintenance position outside thereof, while support rails and their stand are disposed so as to be accommodated outside the frame.

Abstract: The amount of ink in an ink fountain in a printer is detected on the basis of change of oscillation. The oscillation frequency is changed on the basis of dielectric constant information on the dielectric constant of the ink.

Abstract: An imaging system is disclosed for imaging and registering recordable media. The imaging system includes an input opening through which recordable media may be input to the imaging system, an imaging unit, a registration unit and an output opening through which registered imaged media may exit the imaging system. The imaging unit is for imaging the recordable media that is received through the input opening, and provides imaged media. The registration unit is for receiving imaged media from the imaging unit, and for registering the imaged media by creating registration features in the imaged media. The registration unit provides registered imaged media.

Abstract: A semiconductor bridge (SCB) device. In one embodiment, the SCB device includes a laminate layer on top of an insulating material, wherein the laminate layer comprises a series of layers of at least two reactive materials, and wherein the laminate layer comprises two relatively large sections that substantially cover the surface area of the insulating material, and a bridge section joining the two relatively large sections. At least one conductive contact pad is coupled to at least one of the series of layers, wherein a predetermined current through the conductive contact pad causes the bridge section to initiate a reaction in which the laminate layer is involved. In one embodiment, the SCB device includes an integrated diode formed by an interface of the insulating material with another material, such as a metal.

Abstract: A support member for supporting a mortar shell (1) into a barrel (2) of a weapon, and a method for attaching said supporting member (6) to a tail (4) in the mortar shell (1). The supporting member (6) includes a support element (8) provided with a rim flange (7) and a firing mechanism (15). The support element (8) is supported by means of one or more attachment pieces (10) against a front rim (23) in guiding fins (5) in the mortar shell (1). The attachment pieces (10) include a predetermined deformable point enabling the detachment of the fired mortar shell (1) from the supporting member (6).

Abstract: A control agent delivery system useful for dispersing a pesticide, herbicide, fungicide or other biocide around a target or target area that is not directly accessible or that is hazardous to the user. The system includes a separable, two-part projectile containing a control agent disposed in a powder, liquid or gel dispersal medium, together with a gas-propelled, projectile launching device. A method of use of the subject system that causes the projectile to perform differently, depending upon the manner of launch, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Projectiles or war-heads with an inner arrangement for the formation of bulging zones (4,4a) are proposed, comprised of an enclosed bulging medium (1) which is terminal-effective ballistically substantially ineffective and is radially enclosed by a penetration material (2) which is terminal-ballistically effective, with the bulging medium (1) having a lower density as compared with the enclosing penetration material (2). This leads to the effect that on impact or on penetrating a target plate (3) the bulging medium (1) remains behind relative to the encompassing terminal-ballistic effective body (2) and is laterally increasingly bulged by the bulging material (1) which continues to flow in from behind. As a result of the high pressures, a conical (crowned) pressure and bulging zone (4,4a) is formed dynamically, which zone radially widens or fragments the passing ambient effective material (5,5a).

Abstract: Projectiles or war-heads with an inner arrangement for the formation of bulging zones (4,4a) are proposed, comprised of an enclosed bulging medium (1) which is terminal-ballistically substantially ineffective and is radially enclosed by a penetration material (2) which is terminal-ballistically effective, with the bulging medium (1) having a lower density as compared with the enclosing penetration material (2). This leads to the effect that on impact or on penetrating a target plate (3) the bulging medium (1) remains behind relative to the encompassing terminal-ballistic effective body (2) and is laterally increasingly bulged by the bulging material (1) which continues to flow in from behind. As a result of the high pressures, a conical (crowned) pressure and bulging zone (4,4a) is formed dynamically, which zone radially widens or fragments the passing ambient effective material (5,5a).

Abstract: The invention concerns an arrangement of service positions for maintenance apparatus, which can travel on a guide rail along a multiplicity of similar workstations on a first side of a textile machine, wherein a maintenance apparatus in a first service position at the elevation of a machine framing of the textile machine can be pivoted away from, or transversely withdrawn from the guide rail. Per side of the textile machine, at least two maintenance apparatuses are exclusively assigned thereto, whereby the guide rail on the first side, at least at one end of the textile machine, is elongated beyond the textile machine and a second service position is placed on the elongated guide rail. In this way, it becomes possible, with a large number of workstations to assure the shortest possible duration of a standstill, wherein in the case of a failure or preventive unkeep of one maintenance apparatus, another maintenance apparatus can serve a workstation in a short time.

Abstract: The invention is structured such that an additional low-floor Vehicle C (intermediate vehicle) is inserted between a high-floor Vehicle A (leading vehicle) and a Vehicle B (trailing vehicle). Between Vehicle A and Vehicle C and between Vehicle B and Vehicle C, un-motorized idling carriages (10) and (24) are used for articulation, respectively. Therefore, the articulation structure that is used between the conventional Vehicle A and Vehicle B can be used also between Vehicle A and Vehicle C, and between Vehicle C and Vehicle B. In other words, the underframe structure of the Vehicle C rear half section is the same as the underframe structure of the Vehicle A rear half section and the underframe structure of Vehicle C top end section is the same as the underframe structure of Vehicle B top end section.

Abstract: A folding picnic table has a frame including folding legs. The frame supports a tabletop and a bench extending along each side of the tabletop. The picnic table folds between a use position and a storage position with the benches folded onto the tabletop and tipped onto one side on a caster assembly. The table includes a locking device, automatically locking the seating structures to the tabletop at a partially tipped position; and automatically releasing the legs when the table is tipped to a storage position. The frame also includes a retainer plate that keeps the frame from accidentally folding when the benches are folded onto the tabletop for cleaning under the table or during tipping of the table to a storage position.

Abstract: A control structure of a supporting foot for collapsible furniture comprises a base having a rotation shaft fixed on the supporting foot. A concave hole is formed in the base and an extension shaft of the rotation shaft is combined with a spring and a sleeve. When the supporting feet are rotated to a predetermined position where the sleeve aims exactly at the concave hole of the base, the sleeve is pushed into the hole by the spring to fix and unfold the supporting feet. On the contrary, when the sleeve is pulled out of the hole, the supporting feet are free now for getting folded and closed together with the furniture body by relative rotation.

Abstract: An incinerator having incinerator chambers (3) of cylinder inner shape set at equal distance from rotary axle (t1) in an outer casing (1) provided with thermal insulation (2) rotated around (t1) are realized as incinerator units. The longitudinal axle of the incinerator chambers (3) is parallel with the rotary axle of the outer casing (1). Inside the incinerator chambers (3) incinerator carriages (21) are rolling on a roller path (30) for placing of the body to be incinerated. A door (18) ensuring placing of bodies is put on one of the front walls perpendicular to the rotary axle (t1) of the casing (1). On the opposite wall the incinerator is provided with a blast inlet (15) and a hot air feed pipe (9). One or more burners (13) are placed within the inside of the casing (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a planting assembly including a mounting member and comprising a hopper including first and second wall members that form first and second hopper external surfaces wherein first and second forces applied perpendicular to the first and second surfaces include at least components along first and second opposing trajectories, respectively, a first elongated bearing member rigidly linked to the mounting member and forming a first bearing surface that applies a first applied force to the first hopper surface wherein the first applied force includes at least a first compressing component along the first trajectory, a second elongated bearing member forming a second bearing surface and having a first end and a retainer linked to the first end of the second bearing member and rigidly linking the second bearing member to the mounting member in any of several different positions relative to the first bearing member so that the second bearing surface applies a second applied force to the second

Abstract: An eye-type buttonhole sewing machine comprises an x-y table with an x carriage which is guided on the sewing machine and on which a y carriage is displaceably guided, having a bearing plate. Actuation of the x carriage is effected by an x motor which is mounted on the sewing machine and directly coupled with the x carriage via a cam drive. Actuation of the y carriage is equally effected via an electric motor which is directly connected to the y carriage via a threaded spindle with a spindle nut and a sliding coupling.

Abstract: A method is provided for quantifying design parameters for a moving mass ship roll stimulation system given a maximum angle of roll &thgr;MAX to be induced for a ship, a righting moment RM per degree of list for the ship, a natural roll period TN, a damping ratio &zgr; for the ship and a center of gravity for the ship. A total induced moment expression at the natural roll period TN is determined for the moving mass ship roll stimulation system as a function of a plurality of design parameters therefor. The total induced moment expression is equated to 2&zgr;&thgr;MAXRM and values for the design parameters are selected to satisfy the equality.

Abstract: A device controlling the depth and motion of an object underwater by using a processor to accurately control the volume of gas within, and thereby the buoyancy, depth, and motion (rate of ascent and descent) of, a buoyancy chamber that is attached to the object. The device has a central component incorporating a processor and associated memory, the processor being in communication with: a buoyancy chamber and a means for measuring the volume or level of gas within, at least one gas control mechanism(s) to input and remove gas from the buoyancy chamber; a depth measuring sensor, a power source; a gas source, and an input device to instruct the processor. By manipulating the volume of gas within the buoyancy chamber, using the gas source and the at least one gas control mechanism(s), the processor is able to control the rate of ascent, rate of descent, level of buoyancy, and depth of itself and the object to which it is attached.

Abstract: A personal watercraft has a handle rigidly attached to a rear portion of a deck pedestal. The handle has an elongate hand hold being disposed at a vertical position below a seat top surface and above a deck re-boarding platform. The hand hold spans between top and bottom attachment positions and is disposed at an angle of at least 30 degrees with respect to a horizontal surface. A handle for a watercraft is also described.

Abstract: A resilient, impact-resistant, one-piece ballast apparatus is useful to provide external weight and stability for portable barricades and signs. The ballast is a solid, compression molded rubber device having a predetermined weight and design features including thickness, shape, perimeter contour and holes that permit the ballast device to be easily handled, quickly and securely affixed to or removed from barricade and sign structures, and stored for transport or between uses. The flat surface of the ballast permits application of identifying indicia of ownership that prevents loss and promotes reuse with resultant savings of economy and resources.

Abstract: A wetness indicating composition comprising a colorant disposed in a carrier matrix. The colorant provides a visible signal when activated by urine. The colorant resists leaching from the carrier matrix by being chemically bound to a component of the carrier matrix. The colorant may be bound by ionic or covalent bonds, or by intermolecular forces. The colorant may be a pH indicator. The wetness indicating composition may be incorporated into a wearable article, such as a disposable absorbent article.

Abstract: In a varnish coating apparatus, a first varnish film forming cylinder has a first supply surface to which varnish is supplied. A second varnish film forming cylinder has a second supply surface to which varnish is supplied. A first blanket cylinder has a first transfer surface and first opposing surface. A second blanket cylinder has a second transfer surface and second opposing surface. When a sheet passes through a contact point between the first and second blanket cylinders, the first transfer surface of the first blanket cylinder opposes the second opposing surface of the second blanket cylinder to perform varnish coating on a first surface of the sheet, and the second transfer surface of the second blanket cylinder opposes the first opposing surface of the first blanket cylinder so as to perform varnish coating on a second surface of the sheet.

Abstract: In a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) apparatus including a reaction chamber; plural susceptors installed inside the reaction chamber and horizontally mounted with a wafer respectively; a heating means for heating the susceptors; a power supply unit installed outside of the reaction chamber; a plasma electrode receiving RF power from the power supply unit, generating and maintaining plasma inside the reaction chamber; and a rotation jet spray having two spray injectors horizontally rotating and supplying gas inside the reaction chamber, a thin film is deposited by supplying BTMSM vapor and oxygen retaining gas through the spray injector, supplying hydrogen retaining gas through the other spray injector and horizontally rotating the spray injectors in the supply. Herein, a pressure in the reaction chamber is in the range of 0.1 Torr˜1 Torr, the wafer is heated at 25° C.˜400° C., and RF power in the range of 100 W˜2000 W is applied.

Abstract: A reversible reflective safety device in the form of a sleeve which is rectangular in shape and which possesses two strips of highly reflective material on one side with one half of a hook and loop fastening means and two strips of high-visibility fluorescent material on the opposite side with the remaining half of the hook and loop fastening device. The resulting device is easily transformed from a daylight fluorescent safety sleeve into a nighttime reflective safety sleeve. It allows for quick and easy attachment to an implement such as a dog leash, backpack strap, umbrella handle, baby stroller, animal collar, raincoat belt, purse strap, bicycle seat post or handlebars, or countless other applications needing illumination in situations involving low light or darkness. The sleeve's design allows maximum visibility from many angles and provides a large light reflective area dynamically presented on a moving leash or other implement.

Abstract: A low-pressure energy system is provided that includes a combustion chamber immersed in water within an insulated container. Low-pressure air flow is introduced into one end of the combustion chamber. Fuel, sparks and water are also introduced to the combustion chamber, thereby generating steam and heat. The steam is blown through the combustion chamber to a first radiator, which emits heat and a steam exhaust, which can be used to increase the humidity of the enclosure housing the energy system. The heat generated by the combustion chamber heats the water in the insulated container. The heated water is pumped through a second radiator, thereby extracting additional heat from the system. A fan may be configured to introduce air flow over both the first and second radiators, thereby further improving heat transfer to the ambient air. Water can optionally be omitted from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sealing a combustion intake for a boiler from inside air is provided. A method and apparatus for providing a transition piece for venting fresh air to and combusted air away from a boiler is also provided. A method of connecting a transition piece to PVC, ABS OR CPVC ductwork is also provided.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling a cooling fan in a vehicle engine compartment, such as a tractor or combine. A fan control receives inputs from sensors and uses the sensor inputs in determining fan speeds which meet cooling needs while limiting fan energy consumption. Sensor data include at least one of PTO and transmission settings, throttle command and engine speed, and fan speed and air conditioner settings. Sensor data is received and processed in the fan control, which sends the greatest determined fan speed to a fan actuator. When the PTO is activated and the transmission is in park, fan speed can be controlled according to an alternate coolant temperature table. When throttle command is zero and engine speed is above a maximum, fan speed is set at maximum. When air conditioning is activated, fan speed is set at least at a predetermined minimum speed.

Abstract: In a cooling circuit of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle having a coolant pump, an electrical mixing valve, a radiator, a heater, an engine-oil heat exchanger, a transmission-oil cooler for transferring heat to the ambient air, a transmission-oil/cooling water heat exchanger for transferring heat between the transmission oil and the cooling water arranged in parallel flow circuit with the transmission-oil cooler, and an actuator for controlling the oil flow distribution, an electrical mixing valve is arranged in the cooling water line to the radiator/transmission-oil cooler and the transmission-oil/cooling water heat exchanger, such that the heat transfer in the transmission-oil/cooling water heat exchanger can be controlled by controlling the coolant flows through the transmission oil/cooling water heat exchanger and the radiator.

Abstract: According to a method and a system for controlling a cooling system of an internal-combustion engine, the capacity of a coolant pump is controllable as a function of a fuel quantity fed to the internal-combustion engine.

Abstract: In a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with a piston which is displacably arranged in a cylinder and is coupled in to a connecting rod whose movement can be transmitted to a crankshaft via a crank, a transmission element is provided between the connecting rod and the crank of the crankshaft and the movement of the transmission element can be manipulated by means of a control arm for an adjustment of the compression ratio of the engine. The transmission element is coupled to the crank via a joint disposed in the intermediate region between a bearing connection of the transverse lever structure with the control arm and a bearing connection of the transverse lever with the connecting rod, the bearing connection of the transverse lever with the connecting rod, the crank and the control arm being arranged in a predetermined relationship.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a valve system for controlling flow of gas into or out of a variable volume chamber (8) of an internal combustion engine or a compressor. The valve system comprises a gas flow control valve (5) which opens to permit flow of gas into or out of the variable volume chamber (8); a hydraulic actuator (4) connected to the gas flow control valve (5); a pump (1) for pressurizing hydraulic fluid; a reservoir of hydraulic fluid (6); and a control system (2, 3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29) which controls opening and closing of the gas control valve (5) by controlling flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator (4) from the pump (1) and flow of hydraulic fluid from hydraulic actuator (4) to the reservoir (6).

Abstract: In an operating system for a hydraulic valve clearance control element of an internal combustion engine, which includes a hydraulic fluid having a pressure that depends on the engine operating state and wherein the hydraulic clearance control element includes a pressure chamber in which a hydraulic fluid volume is maintained for adjusting the length of the hydraulic clearance control element and means for maintaining the fluid volume when, after engine shut down, the pressure of the hydraulic fluid supplied by an engine fluid pressure source drops below a certain value so as to maintain the hydraulic clearance control element at its operating length during engine shutdown, means are arranged on the hydraulic fluid supply line to the hydraulic valve clearance control element for releasing hydraulic fluid to reduce its pressure below the certain value immediately upon engine shut down to safely maintain the hydraulic clearance control elements at their operating length.

Abstract: A valve timing control device for an internal combustion engine, in which upon cold start, combustion gas containing quench hydrocarbons and wet fuel is confined in a combustion chamber by advancing an exhaust valve close timing. This combustion gas is richer in hydrocarbons and wet fuel than is the gas produced after the engine has been warmed up. When the pressure in an intake line becomes lower than 600 mmHg, the exhaust valve close timing is retarded so as to recirculate post-combustion gas back to the combustion chamber. Then the unburned hydrocarbons in the post-combustion gas are involved in combustion again and their emission is reduced. Such gas recirculation and confinement to the combustion chamber are switched in accordance with a target valve underlap corresponding to the intake line pressure in the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A phaser for maintaining an angular relationship between a crank shaft and a cam shaft or among more than one cam shafts is provided. The phaser includes a rotor having a plurality of vanes integral to the rotor and protruding from the rotor body. The plurality of vanes is disposed to oscillate within their respective chambers formed by the rotor and a housing, thereby maintaining the angular relationship. The phaser also includes a shoulder integral to the rotor and interposed between one of the pluralities of vanes and the rotor body, thereby ensuring that the rotor face is always covering a locking pin hole regardless of vane position. The phaser further includes an inlet check valve located within the phaser structure or in very close proximity to the phaser, thereby reducing control fluid leakage.

Abstract: A burner head assembly for a burner includes a housing having a hollow interior and an exterior. There is a control module within the hollow interior. The module has internal connectors within the hollow interior and external connectors on the exterior of the housing, whereby electrical connections to the module can be made internally and externally with respect to the housing without requiring apertures in the housing and wiring extending through the apertures. For example, the control module may include a circuit board, the circuit board having a portion within the hollow interior and which extends to the exterior. The exterior and interior connectors are connected to the circuit board. The housing may have two portions, the control module being fitted between the two portions of the housing. Preferably the control module is sealingly received between the two portions of the housing.

Abstract: An automatic stop and start control system for a multiple-cylinder internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle is disclosed. The automatic stop and start control system performs a control for automatically stopping and restarting the engine according to operating conditions of the vehicle and the engine. Fuel is provided to at least one of the cylinders of the engine when an engine stop condition for stopping the engine is satisfied. Subsequently, the fuel supply to all of the cylinders of the engine is stopped. The fuel supply to at least one of the cylinders is immediately carried out at the time an engine restart condition for restarting the engine is satisfied.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a variable displacement engine during cranking and starting period include a hybrid operating mode to allow intake/exhaust valve operation while preventing fuel delivery or spark, or both, to at least one subsequently deactivated cylinder or bank of cylinders during the cranking and starting period. The system and method provide advantages to starting the engine relative to either a variable displacement mode or a full activation mode.

Abstract: An engine including an engine oil return passage for returning engine oil from a cylinder head side to an oil pan having a balance shaft forming a balancing system for said engine; and a housing disposed below a crankshaft for accommodating rotatably therein the balance shaft. A part of the engine oil return passage is provided in the housing.

Abstract: An oil mist generator is connected drivably to the crankshaft for agitating liquid oil in the crankcase to establish a lubricating oil mist. The crankcase, the cam region and the valve chamber form a closed oil mist containment whereby lubricating oil mist is distributed throughout the engine during operation regardless of angular orientation of the engine. The crankshaft ventilation passage establishes lean crankcase gas distribution to the engine air/fuel intake. The crankcase is designed to avoid flow of liquid oil through the crankshaft passage when the engine is not running.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for deactivating one or more cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus comprises: a surge tank being provided with a plurality of chambers, said chambers temporarily storing air being provided from a throttle body; an air distributor for selectively providing air to said chambers of said surge tank; and an intake manifold connected to the chambers of the surge tank.

Abstract: A family of sliding vane rotary power devices provides two and four-phase internal combustion engines, as well as serving as pumps and compressors. All of these devices have an improved donut shaped rotor assembly having an integrated axial pump portion, an end shaft, a plurality of radial-directed passages and an equal plurality of sliding vanes in respective slots that are medially guided by cam followers moving in a pair of cam grooves The devices include an axial pump portion that acts as a supercharger for the four-phase internal combustion engine, a scavenger for the two-phase internal combustion engine, and as an axial pressure inducer when operating as a pump or compressor.

Abstract: An integrated intake manifold assembly including a first poppet valve assembly disposed at the manifold air inlet to regulate air flow into the manifold; a second poppet valve assembly disposed on the manifold to regulate exhaust gas flow into the air intake system; and a bi-directional camshaft with cams for operating simultaneously the manifold vacuum regulating valve and the exhaust gas recirculation valve. The valve bodies are integrally formed in the wall of the intake manifold. The cams are arranged on the shaft to provide optimum synchronized opening and closing of the related valves. When used on a diesel engine, the manifold assembly may further include a swirl valve plate disposed between the manifold and the engine head and having a plurality of ganged swirl valves actuated by levers, connected to the camshaft internally of the manifold and swirl plate, for coordinated motion with the MVR and EGR valves.

Abstract: A throttle-valve assembly (10) having a housing (12), which has a continuous throttle opening (16) through which a gaseous medium (62) can flow in a main flow direction (60), in which a throttle valve (20) fastened pivotably on a throttle-valve shaft (18) is arranged in the throttle opening (16), and the throttle-valve shaft (18) can be pivoted by an actuator (26) arranged in the housing (12), in which, starting from the axis of rotation (19) of the throttle-valve shaft (18) downstream along the main flow direction (60) of the gaseous medium (62), the throttle opening (16) has an approximately straight cylinder section (64) with a height H1 and a radius RZ and in which a spherical-cap section (68) adjoins the approximately straight cylinder section (64).

Abstract: A variable cam engine with an intake valve, including a first cam shaped to allow an increased intake valve lift and an increased intake valve duration, a second cam shaped to allow a reduced intake valve lift and a reduced intake valve duration, a cam switching mechanism for switching between the first and second cams depending on an engine speed and an engine load, and a control unit programmed to substantially equalize amounts of intake air flowing into the engine before and after switching from the first cam to the second cam, and programmed to determine a first ignition timing when the second cam is operated and a second ignition timing when the first cam is operated, and advance the first ignition timing relative to the second ignition timing upon switching from the first cam to the second cam.

Abstract: A manual throttling system for electronically controlling the speed (RPM) of an engine from a remote location relative to the primary engine controls. The engine controlling signals are responsive to rotational speed and direction of rotation of a manual control knob and the frequency of light pulses of an optical encoder.

Abstract: An integrated control system comprising an integrated circuit that controls at least one component or subsystem of an engine and a first light source that generates a first light signal when triggered through the integrated circuit. The first light signal propagates from the first light source through an LCC that may also serve as a substrate, wherein the signal that actuates the component of the engine can be the first light signal or a signal generated after the first light signal is produced. The component or subsystem of the engine may be an ignition system or a fuel injection system. The present invention is also directed to a method of controlling a component or subsystem of an engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection system in which, by means of a controlled zero-feed throttle or by the elimination of the zero-feed throttle and by a suitable control of the pressure valve of a common rail, the starting performance of the internal combustion engine can be improved, and at the same time it is assured that in the overrunning mode of the engine, an excessively high pressure is not built up in the common rail.

Abstract: A method for controlling an injector is described, where the trigger signal for the actuator is controlled as function of the amplitude and the duration. The actuator, using an hydraulic coupler, actuates a control valve which, at a low voltage, operates in a ballistic mode and opens up an opening cross-section to an inlet channel. The opening cross-section becomes smaller with increasing trigger voltage, and the fuel quantity to one injected increases. The control valve is brought from ballistic mode to nonballistic mode via the amplitude and duration of the trigger voltage. The delivery duration and the amplitude of the trigger voltage are tuned to each other so that one or several jumps may occur, during which a switch is made from one voltage value to another voltage value, and from one delivery duration to another delivery injection. A piezoelectric element is preferably used as an actuator.

Abstract: A mounting device for securing a fuel injector in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine has at least one hold-down device which is mounted on a front face of the cylinder head and secures fuel injector in a receiving bore of the cylinder head. The at least one hold-down device is supported by a shoulder which is formed at the downstream end of the fuel injector and surrounds the fuel injector at least partially.

Abstract: In a method and a circuit system for operating a solenoid valve, particularly for actuating an electrohydraulic gas-exchange valve control, an injection valve, or an intake or exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine, to permit the simplest possible driving of the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is acted upon in a controlled manner in a cycle including three phases, in which in a pull-up phase, the solenoid valve is connected for a predefined time duration to a first voltage of predetermined magnitude for generating a pull-up current, in a holding phase is connected to a second voltage of predetermined magnitude for generating a holding current, and in a de-energize phase is separated from both voltages.

Abstract: An injection system for internal combustion engines is proposed, in which once the engine has been turned off, a pressure equalization is established between the intake side and the pressure side of the high-pressure fuel pump. This prevents uncombusted fuel from reaching the combustion chambers of the engine. The pressure prevailing on the pressure side and the intake side when the engine is off furthermore assures that vapor bubbles cannot form, and this makes starting the engine easier.