Abstract: A paper bundling device that will allow newspapers and magazines and be stacked together and tied including a plate bracket assembly comprised of a pair of spaced apart vertical rails each being defined by an elongated vertical track. The rails each have a fixed horizontal stabilizer bar extending between upper ends thereof. The rails each have fixed horizontal supports extending outwardly from lower ends thereof to support a bundle of newspapers thereon. The fixed horizontal stabilizer bar has a pair of notched spacer bar extending downwardly therefrom inwardly of the rails. The plate bracket assembly includes a movable horizontal stabilizer bar. The movable horizontal stabilizer bar has a pair of slide pins extending inwardly therefrom for selectively engaging the notched spacer bar. The plate bracket assembly includes a pair of movable horizontal bars coupled with the elongated vertical tracks of the vertical rails. The movable horizontal bars have the movable stabilizer bar extending therebetween.

Abstract: A baler system for baling of waste or other products having high output and having a sequenced method of operation. A previously formed bale formed in accordance with the invention is urged in incremental stages from a secondary bale chamber through a bale exit chamber and strapper for tieing in continuous and simultaneous progression while units of compressed waste are compressed together in sequenced steps first within a primary bale chamber and subsequently within a secondary bale chamber in the creation of a newly formed bale in continuous and simultaneous progression.

Abstract: An apparatus for compressing objects includes a base plate, a frame and a ram head guided so as to be displaceable on the frame. Forces may occur in the peripheral direction of the ram head during the compression of bulky objects. The ram head is rotatable relative to the frame in order to reduce the forces introduced into the frame.

Abstract: A safety device for a pneumatic membrane press with door(s) comprises at least one unit for controlled establishment of a leak, each optionally associated with a cooperating opening/door assembly. Each unit includes an actuator module comprising an opening for receiving a key mounted on the door of the press and an actuating member whose position depends on the presence or not of the key in the opening; and a valve module comprising a sealing member for a circulation duct between an aperture in fluid connection with one or more inflation volume(s) pressurised when the press is pressurised and an aperture opening into the open air, the actuating member allowing the closure of the duct by the sealing member when the key is in the receiving opening and forcing the freeing of the duct when the key is not in the opening.

Abstract: An image formation method and apparatus extract an attribute value from a non-embossed image data from which a non-embossed image is formed, generate an embossed image data from which an embossed image is formed using the extracted attribute value, and form an image based on the generated embossed image data and the non-embossed image data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printing indicia onto a candlewick to provide identification of the wick following its removal from a supply spool. The candlewick is coated prior to the printing process and a printer is used to print the indicia onto the coated wick. A registration mechanism is provided to align the coated wick relative to the printer during the printing process.

Abstract: A reduction to the traveling motion of bottles along a delivery conveyor in an intermittent motion decorating machine is provided by one of a pair of workpiece feed cams rotatably supported in a side-by-side relation to rotate about spaced horizontal axes lying in a common horizontal plane. The workpiece feed cams have feed cam tracks for receiving cam followers of each of plurality of vertical bottle carriers. One of the feed cam tracks reduces the speed of the bottle carriers from a relatively high entry speed corresponding to the through put speed in the decorating machine to the speed of the deliver conveyor for more densely populating the delivery conveyor with workpieces. Carrier transfer members at each of opposite ends of the workpiece feed cams transfer the bottle carriers from one to the other of the workpiece feed cams. A drive rotates the workpiece feed cams, carrier return cams and carrier transfer members.

Abstract: A stencil printing machine 1 is provided as including a downstream rotary printing drum 50 with an outer circumferential periphery 50a mounted with a stencil sheet 20, and a rotary press roller 56 which is moveable between a pressurized position to press an outer circumferential periphery 50a of the printing drum 50 and a separated position displaced from the outer circumferential periphery 50a of the printing drum 50, wherein a print sheet 45, which is fed, is pressed and transferred between the printing drum 50 and the press roller 56 which rotate together, and, during such a pressurized transfer stage, ink is transferred to the print sheet 45 to perform printing operation. The outer circumferential periphery of the press roller 56 is formed with micro-convexities and concavities.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing media deposition in predetermined locations comprising at least one blocking cap connected to a pressurized squeegee head is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for partially printing a circuit board is disclosed. The method comprises inserting one or more blocking caps inside a pressurized squeegee head and printing with the pressurized squeegee head. In this way, defined areas on the surface of a stencil or screen, over which the blocking caps travel, are skipped. In another embodiment, a new method for manufacturing printed circuit boards is described, comprising placing a component on a circuit board, performing burn-in or testing of the component, partially printing attachment media on the circuit board with a pressurized squeegee head containing one or more blocking caps, and placing additional components on the circuit board. In one embodiment, the circuit board is sold or returned to the circuit board designer before performing the partial printing step.

Abstract: A screen printing method is carried out by placing a material to be printed at a predetermined portion of a printing table, feeding a paste-state or ink-state coating material to a surface of a screen plate for printing, and sliding the surface of the screen plate relative to a squeegee to carry out screen printing. The above-mentioned paste-state or ink-state coating material is covered on the surface of the screen plate for printing with a thin thickness, and the paste-state or ink-state coating material coated on the surface of the screen plate for printing is printed to a material to be printed by the above-mentioned squeegee under vacuum or atmospheric pressure. After the above-mentioned coating step, a degassing step is provided to degas bubbles in the coated material by changing the pressure from high vaccum state to atmospheric pressure or low vacuum state.

Abstract: A printing unit has at least four cylinders that form a printer. At least two of these four cylinders rotate independently of each other. At least one of the cylinders in the group of at least four cylinders has a set up rotational speed that is not zero and that is different from a production rotational speed of that cylinder.

Abstract: A tandem printer with a mechanism for fine substrate-position correction, comprising: a first printing station; a second printing station; a rotatable element, rotating at a given rotation rate, that receives the substrate after printing thereon by the first printing station and transfer the substrate toward the second printing station; a sensor which measure the position of an edge of the substrate during its transfer from the first printing station to the second printing station; and a controller, which applies a corrective step change in angular position of the rotatable element responsive to the measurements of the sensor, without changing the general rotation rate of the rotatable element.

Abstract: An expandable layer made of compressible material placed in a rotary printing from between a core cylinder and a sleeve. An embodiment includes depressions on the outer circumferential surface and/or the inner circumferential surface of the expandable layer. The depressions can be, at least partly, fashioned as open circumferential annular channels. In addition, at least some of the depressions and annular channels can be arranged according to a required bending compensation of the sleeve. In another embodiment, an initial section of the depressions stretches in an axial direction on the expandable layer and a subsequent section of the depressions stretches in a radial direction over the expandable layer, whereby a part of the material of the expandable layer can be displaced in the depressions and at least a portion of the depressions is arranged according to a required bending compensation of the sleeve.

Abstract: A cylinder covering (10) is described, having a lateral edge reinforcement (12), which is received partially overlapping on the cylinder covering (10), the cylinder covering (10) having an upper side (14) as the printing side, which is distinguished in that the lateral edge reinforcement (12), on the part (16) not overlapping with the cylinder covering (10), has at least one projection (18) having a projection terminus (20) on a lateral surface, which faces toward the upper side (14) of the cylinder covering, of the lateral edge reinforcement (12), the perpendicular from the projection terminus (20) on the plane of the overlapping part of the cylinder covering (10) running at least partially outside or precisely on the contour of the lateral edge reinforcement (12).

Abstract: Divided shaft members constitute a cleaning fabric take-up shaft, and are secured at both ends by shaft member fixing means that is attached to a side plate. Shaft member fixing portions include a shaft end supporter, for supporting the end of the shaft member, and a plug that is fitted to a shaft receiving section. A wedge portion is provided, which runs across the center of the shaft end supporter and is projected linearly. When this wedge portion is inserted between the shaft members, the diameter of the shaft is increased. At this time, the winding of the cleansing fabric is performed. To dispose of the wound cleaning fabric, the shaft members are detached from the shaft member fixing portions and the wedge is extracted from the shaft members, so that the diameter is reduced, and the cleaning fabric is disengaged from the shaft members. As a result, the cleaning fabric take-up shaft can be removed from the cleaning fabric roll.

Abstract: A lithographic printing method of supplying emulsion ink to a lithographic printing plate via a form roller, and disrupting emulsion on the form roller. The degree of the emulsion's disruption before printing has started is different from the degree of disruption after printing has started. The duration of an idling mode can be shortened with the added advantage of reducing the development of waste paper right after the start of printing.

Abstract: A substrate manager for a substrate exposure machine is used, in one example, as a platesetter. As such, it comprises a substrate storage system, containing one or more stacks of substrates, such as plates in one implementation. A substrate picker is provided for picking substrates from the stack of substrates. The substrates are then handed to a transfer system that conveys the substrates to an imaging engine. According to the invention, a substrate inverter system is also provided. This system inverts the substrates from being imaging or emulsion side down to emulsion side up in the present implementation. This allows plates, for example, which are stored emulsion side down in cassettes to be flipped to an emulsion side up orientation, and then transferred, using the substrate transfer system to the imaging engine. This flipping process has two advantages. First, the plates can be emulsion side up during the transfer. This prevents any damage to the sensitive plate emulsions.

Abstract: A multi-motor drive for a printing press having a plurality of printing unit groups, includes at least one motor provided for each of the printing unit groups, and gear trains via which the printing unit groups are synchronously driven. The gear trains are mechanically separated from one another during a printing operation. The at least one motor is assigned to a respective separation location between the printing unit groups. A method for driving a printing press is also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mounting printing plate segments on a printing plate carrier comprising accepting positioning data indicative of a set of first positions and loading the imaged segments onto a working surface of the loading table at approximately the corresponding first positions. The method further includes, for each segment, detecting the position of the segment on the table, and using a mechanical pick-up system to pick up the segment and to carry the segment to a final position on the carrier. The carrying is via a path determined using the detected position on the table and the final position. The table's working surface has a set of vacuum holes coupled to a vacuum system. The mechanical pick up system includes a plurality of suction caps coupled to the vacuum system to pick up the plate. One version includes a mechanism for cutting the segments from the sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for printing an extruded sheet in which ink is applied over the extruded sheet. The extruded sheet is at an elevated temperature. The ink cures immediately upon contact with the extruded sheet having an elevated temperature. In one embodiment, at least one print roller applies a background color to the sheet and a plurality of print rollers apply one or more additional colors for forming a pattern or image on the sheet. For example, the pattern or image can have a wood grain appearance. The extruded sheet can be sized for use as a vinyl siding product.

Abstract: Multicolor registered images, formed from at least two component images, are printed on the surfaces of shaped edible pieces. Registration of the component images is maintained by applying the component images to a single image transfer surface from plural image application surfaces. The registered image is applied to a shaped edible piece from the image transfer surface in a single contact step.

Abstract: A gas generator G of the present invention has a construction in which a holder (3, 73) is fitted into a cup body (1, 71) and a tube body (2) or a container body (72) and encloses gas generants P and ignition agents (6, 76). The holder (3, 73) is formed of resin. A metallic reinforcement 4 is integrated with the resin holder (3) by insert molding. Or, a ring body (74) for sealing the cup body (71) and the holder (73) is mounted on the holder (73).

Abstract: An electropyrotechnic initiator comprising a pyrotechnic varnish in contact with a resistive heating element is prepared by preparing an aqueous adhesive composed of a dispersion of an explosive substance and of additives in an aqueous suspension based on a copolymer chosen from ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and vinyl acetate/ethylene acetate/ethylene copolymers, depositing the aqueous adhesive on the resistive element, and drying the aqueous adhesive at a temperature of between 55° C. and 75° C., in order to remove the water contained in the adhesive and to obtain the varnish.

Abstract: Manufacturing processes for articles that are formed from compositions of matter that include powders containing tungsten and at least one binder, as well as articles formed thereby. In some embodiments, the processes include compacting the mixture of powders under a first pressure to yield a desired intermediate structure, then reshaping the structure under a second pressure that is lower than the first pressure to yield the desired article. The compacting steps may include punches and/or dies having different configurations and/or materials of construction. The composition of matter preferably is selected to reflow, or be reshaped, without fragmenting or otherwise disintegrating into discrete particles or particulate. In some embodiments, the compacted intermediate structure and/or final article has an extrusion constant of less than 30,000 psi. In some embodiments, the mixture of powders has an ASTM Hall flowmeter reading for fifty grams through a cone (without tapping) of less than 18 seconds.

Abstract: A safety rail system (1) which can be installed on a sloping roof (42) and provides a continuous rail to which a safety rail traveller (62) and associated safety line may be attached comprises one or more longitudinal base units (10) of substantially uniform cross section adapted to be fixed to the surface of a building, and one or more longitudinal rail units (30) of substantially uniform cross section adapted to allow the attachment of a safety rail traveller (62). The base units (10) and rail units (30) are provided with corresponding male and female continuous key portions (12, 36) to permit a base unit and a rail unit to interlockingly engage by longitudinal sliding action.

Abstract: A cast metal sideframe for use in a railway car truck has a spring seat for supporting the springs of a spring set. The sideframe is molded using a core that includes a portion for defining the exterior surface of the spring seat. The core can be a single piece or multi-piece core. The spring seat includes a plurality of aerodynamically-shaped spring retainers formed on the top face spring seat. The aerodynamic shape of the spring retainers reduces the tendency for sand to swirl and create voids during formation of the sand core that is used to mold the sideframe. The aerodynamic shape may include forming at least some of the side walls of the spring retainers at an obtuse angle with the top face of the spring seat. The spring retainers may have concave top faces so as to reduce the volume of material comprising the spring retainers.

Abstract: An inflatable snack table formed of heat sealable plastic sheet and shaped as a spherical outer housing, with a base at the bottom and an opening in the top to hold a food container. Within the outer housing is a generally cylindrical inner housing extending between and secured to the top and bottom of the spherical outer housing.

Abstract: A portable expandable project plan table includes a table top that is pivotally connected to a frame having a generally truncated right triangular prism shape. The table top is hinged to permit access to storage for drafting tools and papers within the frame and may be locked to prevent movement when the table is transported. The legs of the table pivot between vertical for use and horizontal for transporting, and are designed to overlap in the folded position in a compact arrangement. Each leg is independently height adjustable to permit the table to be made level on uneven surfaces, and wheels on each leg facilitate movement of the table in the open-for-use position. The table is constructed of durable materials to permit use out of doors or in adverse conditions.

Abstract: An assembly for enclosing and protecting a plurality of meters for storage or transportation purposes and carrier and pallet for use therein are provided. The assembly includes a plurality of carriers. Each of the carriers includes a base unit having upper and lower surfaces for receiving and retaining a plurality of meters in a predetermined spaced relationship thereon and a cover unit movable between a closed position for enclosing, protecting and immobilizing the meters within the base unit and an open position to allow storage or retrieval of one or more meters to or from the base unit, respectively. The assembly also includes a pallet having a load-bearing, upper surface and a tine-engaging, lower surface and an array of apertures extending between the load-bearing, upper surface and tine-engaging, lower surface for receiving and retaining lower portions of the meters in the predetermined spaced relationship thereon when the carriers are supported on the load-bearing, upper surface of the pallet.

Abstract: An interchangeable table top arrangement has a frame and backer board that can fit over a pre-existing table top or can be attached to a pedestal and used as a main table top. The frame and backer board define a recess, and an interchangeable insert fits into this recess. A hook-and-eye material (i.e., Velcro®) or other suitable releasable attachment system hold the insert in place within the frame. Finger holes in the backer board facilitate separating the attachment system to change out the insert. The inserts may have designs imprinted on them, e.g., advertising, holiday theme material, or game boards.

Abstract: A table (10) for an operating room providing a cantilevered over-patient instrument surface (12) that can be swiveled away from the operating field without moving the base (20) of the table. The instrument surface may have two levels (38, 40) with a variable degree of overlap between the levels to form an instrument surface of a desired area. The instrument surface may further have a curved edge (44) so that the proximity of the instrument surface to the operating field does not change as the instrument surface is rotated relative to its base. A sterile drape (60) covers the instrument surface and extends downward to be attached around the table support structure (14). The drape may be formed of two sections (62, 64) having overlapping tail portions (68, 70, 72, 74). The base may include a footpad (24) for a nurse (26) working at the table.

Abstract: A collapsible table includes an elongate table top having a substantially planar top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The bottom surface includes opposing elongate first and second side edges, an elongate first channel which is substantially parallel to the elongate first side edge, and an elongate second channel which is substantially parallel to the elongate second side edge. Projections, which are preferably integrally molded into the bottom surface, are disposed on opposing sides of each of the elongate first and second channels. A support frame is attached to the bottom surface of the table top which includes a first elongate tubular support member disposed in the elongate first channel, and a second elongate tubular support member disposed in the elongate second channel.

Abstract: A stitching apparatus is disclosed which has at least one active thread feeder and is operable to adjust stitching operation based on the condition of a thread being stitched. The active thread feeder is operable to feed thread from a spool to a needle assembly, where the thread is stitched into fabric. The stitching apparatus includes at least one thread sensor. The thread sensor outputs information related to thread tension, which is received at a control which includes a first controller, and the first controller is used for controlling the thread. The control can calculate a thread feed length, and activate the active thread feeder to feed the appropriate amount of thread to the needle assembly. The control can use information from the thread sensor to adjust thread tension by adjusting the active thread feeder. The control can also detect a break in the thread, or a break in an underthread which is located in a lower arm assembly and is used to lock stitches.

Abstract: A boat hoist including a vertical frame and a horizontally disposed movable platform, with the platform movable between a lowered and boat unload position and a raised, boat load position. A cable system transmits force to move the movable platform. The cable system is operated and force transmitted to it, by a hydraulic drive unit, thus eliminating problems with electrically operated drive bar units. This results in the ability to lift heavier boats with less power and faster times.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a floating watercraft lift capable of raising and lowering a watercraft, and more particularly to a floating watercraft lift. In one embodiment, the watercraft lift includes a pair of longitudinally extending and approximately parallel floats with an apparatus for supporting and lifting the watercraft positioned between the floats. When the watercraft lift is positioned in a lowered position, the apparatus is submerged and each of the floats is in a first orientation and partially submerged. The apparatus may then be activated to move the watercraft lift to a raised position by moving the floats downwardly and inwardly towards the watercraft, so that the floats become further submerged in the water. The buoyancy of the submerging floats thus lifts the lift apparatus and the watercraft above the water surface.

Abstract: A ballast water monitoring and reporting system for seagoing vessels includes a sensor for monitoring a selected parameter of a ballast water system component and transmitting an electronic signal indicative of a condition of the parameter, a distal acoustic modem for receiving the signal from the sensor and for transmitting an acoustic signal equivalent to the electronic signal received, a shipboard metal structure extending substantially throughout the vessel and adapted to carry the acoustic signal, a proximal acoustic modem adapted to receive the acoustic signal from the metal structure and to transmit an electronic equivalent thereof, and a shipboard data acquisition computer adapted to receive the electronic signal from the proximal acoustic modem and to generate at least one of a display, a report relative to the selected parameter, and a recording of data relative to the selected parameter.

Abstract: An article or buoy board for mooring a buoy to a dock post when a boat is being moored at a dock that includes an elongated board with slotted end portions and having a front surface and a back surface. Straps are affixed to the front surface of the board for positioning the back surface of the board against the dock post. A stretchable cord such as a bungee cord passes through the slotted end portions of the board for attaching a buoy to the front surface of the board for contact with the boat side. The back surface of the board is provided with a lengthwise groove for receiving the stretchable cord and the back surface of the board is further provided with a shock-absorbing pad such as rubber for holding the stretchable cord in place within the groove and for minimizing shock as the boat is moored. The stretchable cord has ends with hooks and the buoy has ends with eyes so that the buoy is attached against the board by passing the cord hooks through the buoy eyes.

Abstract: A trim tab of resilient material affixed in a cantilever fashion at the stem of a boat and of a regressive flexural stiffness such that when deflected, the undersurface of the trim tab assumes the shape of a progressive curve in the direction of water flow. A trim tab of a progressive curve which has gas or liquid ejection to the undersurface to control the boundary layer. A trim tab located under a surface drive whereby the bite of the propeller is controlled relative to the trim tab and the trim tab is controlled to optimize the boat hull.

Abstract: An electric motorized propulsion system (10) for swimmers and divers (12) includes pair of leg-mounted propulsion units (14), each containing sealed electric motors (12), propellers (22), and housings (21), attach to the user's legs to provide thrust, manoeuvrability, and hands-fee operation. A control box (18) containing a motor variable speed control (54) is mountable at a convenient place on the swimmer's body. A battery unit, either simulating a diver's weight belt (16) or provided as a cylindrical hard pack (60) is carryable on the back of the swimmer. Electrical power and signal cables (30, 46) connect the control box to the battery unit and to the propulsion motor housings.

Abstract: The reflective marker allows a user to easily place the invention in a desired location without damaging the housing or structure of the marker. More specifically, the reflective marker that contains a foot cleat allowing a user to foot pressure to the cleat or to strike the cleat with a mallet/hammer to drive the invention into the ground. As a result, force is not exerted on the marker's external housing or marker's reflector, and the reflector's aesthetic appeal, structural integrity and reflecting capacity are kept intact. The reflective marker has a primary and a secondary anchor spike for securing the device in the ground.

Abstract: A plasma processing chamber is provided which provides improved wafer area pressure control. The plasma processing chamber is a vacuum chamber with a device connected for generating and sustaining a plasma. Part of this device would be an etchant gas source and an exhaust port. A confinement ring defines an area above a wafer. The wafer area pressure is dependent on the pressure drop across the confinement ring. The confinement ring is part of a wafer area pressure control device that provides wafer area pressure control range greater than 100%. Such a wafer area pressure control device may be three adjustable confinement rings and a confinement block on a holder that may be used to provide the desired wafer area pressure control.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave absorber (4) of a material that causes a large dielectric or magnetic loss is disposed so as to surround a region between a high-frequency wave transmitting window (3) and an antenna (32) to suppress the formation of a sanding wave by suppressing the reflection of microwaves.

Abstract: A method of automatically milking a dairy animal, in particular a cow. The method comprises: a) the step of activating the teat cup for milking the teat; b) the step of measuring a milking parameter during milking the teat during step a) for obtaining a value of the milking parameter, and c) the step of deactivating the teat cup when a deactivation threshold has been reached. The deactivation threshold is determined at least partially with the aid of the value of the milking parameter. A device for automatically milking a dairy animal, in particular a cow. Said device is provided with means for activating the teat cup for milking a teat of the dairy animal, means comprising a milking parameter for measuring a milking parameter during milking the teat for obtaining a value of the milking parameter, means for deactivating the teat cup, and means for generating a threshold signal indicating that a deactivation threshold has been reached.

Abstract: A feed metering apparatus for supplying a consumable substance to a feeding trough for consumption by an animal, such as a dairy cow, while at least one further animal that has voluntary access to the same trough to consume a consumable substance therefrom is waiting for the animal at the feeding trough to depart. The feeding trough has an entrance opening which can be closed by a closing member. The apparatus intermittently supplies a quantity of a consumable substance to the feeding trough. The feeding trough has a weighing mechanism for continuously weighing the amount of the consumable substance in the feeding trough. A control mechanism is provided for closing the feeding trough's opening and there is a timing component.

Abstract: In a farrowing pen which includes a pit and over the pit a first floor section on which the sow can stand and lie and two further floor sections on each side of the first floor section for receiving piglets of the sow and confining walls for locating the sow on the first floor section there is provided an apparatus for lifting the sow away from the piglets to prevent crushing. The apparatus includes a base carries above the pit either on legs or on a cradle and a gas bag lift mechanism carried on the base above the manure and arranged to raise a plate carrying two parallel rails with the first floor section thereon. An air valve extends through the flooring and is operated by pressure from contact with the sow for actuating the controlling the flow of the air. The rate of lifting is faster than the rate of lowering. Extendible legs around the base support and guide the floor on the bag.

Abstract: The apparatus has a housing with a main chamber in which a rotor is situated. The drive shaft drives the rotor about a longitudinal axis of rotation. The housing has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid inlet communicating with an inlet region and a fluid outlet communicating with an exit region. The outer surface of the rotor forms one boundary for the fluid heat generating region chamber which is confronted by the inner surface of the main chamber which is the other boundary. At least one of these surfaces is angularly inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft and rotor. By bodily shifting the rotor in a direction along the longitudinal axis, an increase or decrease in the distance between the outer and inner surfaces is possible in order to adjust for wear or to change the degree of shear experienced by the passing fluid.

Abstract: Combustion method and apparatus for NOx reduction are capable of easily achieving NOx reduction to an exhaust NOx value of 30 ppm or under. The combustion method is to perform in combination a first NOx reduction step for suppressing generated NOx value to 60 ppm or under (at 0% O2 in exhaust gas, dry basis) by a low NOx burner, a second NOx reduction step for recirculating exhaust gas of the low NOx burner to a burning reaction zone formed by the low NOx burner, and a third NOx reduction step for adding water or steam to the burning reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing engine wear in the operation of an internal combustion engine, comprising: (A) recirculating at least part of the exhaust gas from the engine to the intake air supply of the engine; and (B) operating the engine using a water-blended fuel composition made by combining: (i) a normally liquid hydrocarbon fuel; (ii) water; and (iii) at least one surfactant.

Abstract: A water jacket structure for a cylinder head and cylinder block of an automobile engine with a split cooling system adapted therein is disclosed, in which the shape of the inlet of the water jacket is altered to diminish the flow loss, and the position of the outlets for the cylinder head and the cylinder block is disposed at the same height to improve the life expectancy of the thermostat device. Water jackets are formed for the cylinder head and the cylinder block respectively and independently. An inlet is shared between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, with its cross sectional area being reduced inward, and two outlets are formed on the cylinder head respectively and independently.

Abstract: A compression ratio of an engine is varied by changing a position of a crankshaft relative to a piston in accordance with an operational condition of the engine.