Abstract: An external focused ultrasonic beam, non-destructive, open-air, inspection method of sheet metal spot and seam weldments using a probe in combination with motion measurement of the probe over the weldments during inspection without immersion of the material. Reflected ultrasonic waves are received and signals produced and processed or displayed as A-scan, B-scan and C-scan images that are easily recognized. An A-Scan is based on the time-of-flight difference between the outer surface, the weldment and inner and opposite surfaces of the component. B-scan and C-scan indicate the degree of weld fusion and provide data relative to fused thickness and defects sheet metal or welds. A special purpose scanner that enables ultrasonic examination welds. Scanner is pencil like ultrasonic probe with bearing face and position sensing device disposed adjacent a weld position. Scanner collects data for method to determine various characteristics of welded items.

Abstract: An apparatus examines the internal structure of an object disposed substantially in a medium such as air.. The apparatus has an acoustic transducer assembly that emits and receives acoustic signals and an acoustic coupler that acoustically couples the acoustic transducer assembly to the object. The acoustic coupler has a first end adapted to couple to the acoustic transducer assembly and a second end adapted to make contact with a section of a surface of the object. The acoustic coupler carries acoustic signals between the acoustic transducer assembly and the contacted section of the surface of the object. In operation, the apparatus examines the internal structure of the object using reflection mode acoustic microscopy, wherein emitted and reflected signals are carried between the acoustic transducer and the object by acoustic coupler.

Abstract: A system uses reflection mode acoustical scanning of an object to examine the internal characteristics of the object. The system includes a controller and a jig removably attached to the object. The jig includes an acoustic transducer assembly that is in communication with the controller, which controls the positioning of the acoustic transducer assembly. The jig is adapted to enable the controller to scan the acoustic transducer assembly over the object and to adjust the position of the acoustic transducer assembly during the scan to compensate for the contour of the scanned portion of the object.

Abstract: A transducer-based sensor system including a drive signal generator for generating a drive signal, a transducer coupled to the drive signal generator and configured to receive the drive signal, a mixer coupled to the transducer and configured to receive output from the transducer where such output results at least in part from physical movement of the transducer, and a diplexer operatively coupled with an output of the mixer and configured to present a substantially matched output impedance to the mixer over an operative range of output frequencies.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a pressure detecting chamber sectionally formed by a diaphragm for receiving measured pressure and a semiconductor chip having a diaphragm as a pressure-sensitive portion is equipped in the pressure detecting chamber. Electrically insulating pressure transmitting liquid for transmitting the measured pressure received by the diaphragm to the semiconductor chip is sealingly filled in the pressure detecting chamber. Also, an electrical circuit for signal processing is equipped around the pressure-sensitive portion at the surface site of the semiconductor chip. The electrical circuit is coated by protection film. Electrical conducting film set to ground potential is formed as the uppermost layer of the semiconductor chip on the surface of the protection film.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to propose an etch channel sealing structure characterized by excellent impermeability to moisture and resistance to temporal change of the diaphragm in the pressure sensor produced according to the sacrificial layer etching technique, and to provide a pressure sensor characterized by excellent productivity and durability. After a very small gap is formed by the sacrificial layer etching technique, silicon oxide film is deposited by the CVD technique or the like, there by sealing the etch channel. Further, impermeable thin film of polysilicon or the like is formed to cover the oxide film. This allows an etch channel sealing structure to be simplified in the pressure sensor produced according to the sacrificial layer etching technique, and prevents entry of moisture into the cavity, thereby improving moisture resistance. Moreover, sealing material with small film stress reduces temporal deformation of the diaphragm.

Abstract: In an electronic apparatus worn on the wrist such as a diver's wristwatch or an altimeter, a pressure sensor (10) is mounted from the exterior in a housing (11), located in one flank (9) of the case (2) of the apparatus and closed by a cap (13) provided with at least one orifice (32) for transmitting the ambient pressure towards said housing. The sensor is mounted in the housing by means of a sealing gasket (12). A protective screen (14) is placed between the central wall (31) of the cap and the exposed surface (22) of the sensor, in order to prevent solid bodies and/or solar light being able to damage the sensor. Preferably, this screen is formed by a perforated plate fixed to the cap and whose holes (42) are shifted laterally with respect to each orifice (32) of the cap, such that all of the transmission paths of the ambient pressure from the exterior to the exposed surface of the sensor are sinuous.

Abstract: A piezoelectric flexural sensing structure having increased sensitivity and decreased noise, without sacrifice of the sensor bandwidth. The structure is made up of a proof mass, a beam with a base and optionally having castellated bonding surfaces and two <011> poled bonding mode PMN-PT crystal plates mounted on the beam.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a hydraulic power unit including a housing, an internal hydraulic power means, an external hydraulic power means, and a mechanical power shaft associated with the hydraulic power means. In addition, the hydraulic power unit comprises a transducer adapted for measuring torque mounted in the housing in a non-contact relation to the mechanical power shaft adjacent a portion of the shaft imposed with a magnetic field. The hydraulic power unit further comprises a controller associated with the transducer to monitor the measured torque and adjust the operation of the hydraulic power unit accordingly.

Abstract: A device having integrally formed channels that prevent forces on a sensor cable from damaging a load cell such that if the cable is overloaded it will break but the strain gauge within the load cell will be protected.

Abstract: A mechanism for reducing horizontal force in load measurement is presented. The mechanism includes a structure having surfaces of nonuniform radii of curvature (e.g., oblate spheroid surfaces) at both ends. The ends of the structure contact a force-sensor coupling element and a base-coupling element, forming two interfaces. Each interface includes a contact area between a convex surface and a concave surface. When a horizontal force is applied, the contact area at each interface shifts, allowing the structure to tip from the vertically aligned position that it is in when no horizontal force is applied. Compared to conventional mechanisms, the structure of the invention has a lower effective height because interfaces between oblate spheroid surfaces allow a larger angle of deflection than flat interfaces. The oblate spheroid interfaces also allow deflection to occur with less wear and tear at the interfaces compared to the flat-interfaced structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a precision load cell with an elastic body comprising a base end, a load or force receiving part and two or more beams connecting said base end and said load or force receiving part. At least one of the beams constitutes a lever connecting the load or force receiving part and a flexible wall of a sensor cavity placed in the base end. The flexible wall is adapted for undergoing deformation as the result of a displacement of the load or force receiving part through an action of the lever, and the sensor means are adapted for measuring the deformation of the flexible wall 01 the strain in the flexible wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluid sampling device comprising a port insert, a plurality of flexible conduits, and a plurality of sample containers. The port insert comprises a body having a plurality of shafts therethrough and sample gating means for individually opening and closing any of said shafts to enable the flow of fluid therethrough. The flexible conduits (e.g., flexible tubing) are equal in number to the elongate member, with each flexible conduit connected to or otherwise in fluid communication with an individual shaft. Similarly, the sample containers (e.g., flexible bags) are equal in number to the conduits, with each sample container connected to an individual conduit opposite the connection to the shaft. A specific configuration for the port insert, as well as kit containing sterilized components of the fluid sampling device, are also described.

Abstract: A sample handling tool, such as a colony picking head or robotic pipetting tool, includes sample handling needles, e.g., capillaries, arranged on the tool. Actuators are associated with each capillary to control flow for the capillary, e.g., to move the capillary and/or draw fluid into/expel fluid from the capillary. The actuators are arranged so that capillaries may be individually controlled by a controller that is capable of outputting a number of control signals that is less than the total number of capillaries. The actuators may be valves that receive two signals from a controller, a first signal that opens or closes the valve, and a second signal that allows fluid to flow in the valve.

Abstract: A sampling device for molten metals is provided having a carrier tube and a sample chamber fixed in the carrier tube, with an inlet piece for the molten metal flowing into the sample chamber. In the inlet piece there is arranged an inlet tube, which has an outlet into the sample chamber and an inlet opening at its other end. The outlet as well as the inlet opening of the inlet tube has a reduced cross section relative to the central part of the inlet tube. The inlet tube is formed of quartz glass, and the wall of the inlet tube is crimped toward the axis of the inlet tube at its two ends.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the position of a rod member of a cylinder assembly are provided. The cylinder assembly may have a cylinder body with a cylinder chamber therein, a gland member disposed within the cylinder chamber, and a rod member movably arranged within the cylinder chamber and a rod opening of the gland member. The method may include moving the gland member within the cylinder chamber to substantially align a gland aperture of the gland member with a cylinder aperture of the cylinder body; substantially fixing the gland member relative the cylinder body; positioning a position sensor within at least one of the cylinder aperture and the gland aperture; moving the rod member within the rod opening of the gland member and the cylinder chamber of the cylinder body; and operating the position sensor to detect the position of the rod member.

Abstract: An interlocked valve sensor insertion assembly for use in a manufacturing process is shown and described. The assembly includes a ball valve configured to alternately couple and decouple a retraction chamber with the process. An insertion assembly is coupled to the retraction chamber, and includes an axially slidable insertion tube with a sensor supported on one end. The tube has a range of motion capable of extending the sensor into the valve. A fastener releasably couples the tube to the insertion assembly, and an actuator is configured for engagement with both the valve and the fastener. The actuator is configured to alternately engage and disengage the fastener when the valve is respectively disposed in open and closed positions.

Abstract: A transducer protector having at least two filter membranes. In one embodiment, the transducer protector includes a body between two tubular connectors, each of which has a lumen that may be axially aligned. The body lumen is separated from the lumen of each of the tubular connectors by a filter membrane. In one embodiment, the body is transparent and the body lumen has an indicator to alert a user that the filter membrane has been breached by a contaminant so that the user can take immediate steps to prevent further contamination of the system. The configuration of the transducer protector also facilitates the use of separate indicator devices, such as sensor clips.

Abstract: A carrier tube is provided for sensors for taking measurements in metal or cryolite melts, especially in cast iron, steel, or copper melts. The carrier tube is formed from a mixture of a plant fiber material with starch and/or protein.

Abstract: An arrangement for starting an engine includes a torque coupler provided between a starter motor and the engine crankshaft. The torque coupler includes a gear mechanism arranged to allow a starter motor to rotate for a period of time prior to transferring rotational torque to the crankshaft to turn the engine over.

Abstract: A multi-stop mechanism for providing multiple stop positions between first and second objects that are movable into and out of contact with one another. The multi-stop mechanism of the present invention includes a housing which secures the multi stop mechanism to the first object and/or the second object, a rotatble shaft rotatably mounted to the housing, and plurality of stops located on the rotatable shaft. When the shaft is rotated within the housing, the stops are rotated to different positions relative to the housing. As such, the rotatable shaft positions one of the stops to contact the first or second object that the multi-stop mechanism is not attached to.

Abstract: A linear screw actuator including, an outer housing which is fixed in use, an electric motor within the housing, the motor including a hollow rotatable output shaft, a rotatable but axially fixed nut driven by said output shaft, an elongate hollow axially translatable output member, said output member extending within said output shaft of said motor and cooperating with said rotatable nut, and, an elongate anchor member secured against rotation relative to said housing and extending within said output member, said anchor member cooperating with said output member to hold said output member against rotation whereby rotation of said nut relative to said output member causes axial translation of said non-rotatable output member relative to the housing.

Abstract: A threaded drive has a threaded spindle having a longitudinal axis, a supporting nut which is in a screw engagement with the threaded spindle with a first clearance and which is rotatable relative to the threaded spindle about the longitudinal axis, a catch nut which is in a screw engagement with the threaded spindle with a second predetermined clearance which is greater than the first predetermined clearance, the catch nut being freely rotatable relative to the supporting nut, and also being bringable in a clamping engagement with the supporting nut and fixable on the supporting nut in any desired relative rotary position.

Abstract: A transmission control system is capable of maintaining good positioning performance even if a dynamic characteristic of a transmission is out of a predicted range. A sliding mode controller provided in a shift controller is a controller having two degrees of freedom that makes it possible to independently specify a follow-up characteristic of an actual position of a shift arm to follow a target position in a shifting direction and a disturbance suppressing characteristic respectively. The sliding mode controller determines a control input to be supplied to a shift motor of a shifting device. A sliding mode controller provided in a selection controller is a controller having two degrees of freedom that makes it possible to independently specify a follow-up characteristic of an actual position of a shift arm to follow a target position in a selecting direction and a disturbance suppressing characteristic, respectively.

Abstract: A split torque gearbox having multiple input shafts. Each input shaft is connected to two face gears. Each face gear is connected to two quill shafts, one is coaxially mounted and the second is not coaxially mounted. Of the two quill shafts, one is positioned on a first side of an output stage and a second quill shaft is located on a second side of the output stage and the quill shafts are connected thereto. The output stage is connected to a main shaft.

Abstract: A resin gear is formed by connecting a rim having teeth on the outer periphery thereof to a hub by means of a substantially annular web having a thin portion which is thinner than the rim and which is curved in facewidth directions, the thin portion being elastically deformable so as to allow a relative displacement in radial directions between the rim and the hub while preventing a relative displacement in rotational directions between the rim and the hub.

Abstract: A transfer driven gear according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a shaft-hole formed in a center thereof, a plurality of gear teeth formed on an outer circumference thereof, and a rib formed between the shaft-hole and the gear teeth. At least one air exhausting hole is formed on the rib such that air overheated during heat treatment can be exhausted through the at least one air exhausting hole.

Abstract: A gear system which includes a pinion and mating-gear forming a gear pair with a predetermined gear ratio (mG), center distance (C), face-width (Fw), and limiting stresses. The pinion has a pinion tooth number (N1) and a first plurality of teeth, each tooth having a first-tooth profile. The mating gear has a mating-gear tooth number (N2) satisfying the expression N2=mG·N1 and a second plurality of teeth, each tooth having a second-tooth profile. The relative curvature of the first-tooth profile and the second-tooth profile is given by the expression kc·Fc, where Fc is a relative reference curvature function given by the expression Fc=(N1+N2)2/(N1·N2·C), and kc is a relative curvature multiplier which is a function of the gear ratio (mG), the center distance (C), the face-width (Fw), and the limiting stresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanical structure which provides motion in six degrees of freedom, which comprises: (a) a main plate; (b) a base; (c) at least three supporting structures, each comprising a lower, bridge-like section supported by the base, and an upper section connected to said bridge section and to said main plate, wherein: (I) said bridge-like structure comprising two supporting plates, two intermediate plates, and one middle plate, all being serially connected one to another by means of four transversal hinges; (II) each pair of said supporting plates being slidable in linear displacement parallel to the base; (III) said upper section comprising two plates, a lower plate connected to said middle plate by means of a hinge transversal to said lower plate but longitudinal with respect to said middle plate, and an upper plate connected to said lower plate by means of a longitudinal hinge and to said main plate by means of a transversal hinge; (d) At least six linear motors connected each to a cor

Abstract: A handle-adjusting device for adjusting position of a handle relative to a vehicle frame includes a valve cylinder with a valve rod, and a control rod that is formed with a pressing face and a release face. When the control rod is operated to align the pressing face with an upper end of the valve rod, the valve rod is disposed at a retracted position so as to enable rotation of the handle relative to the vehicle frame. When the control rod is operated to align the release face with the upper end of the valve rod, the valve rod is disposed at the extended position so as to prevent rotation of the handle relative to the vehicle frame.

Abstract: A retaining seat device of a bicycle auxiliary handle for fixing a bicycle auxiliary handle to a general handle; the retaining seat device comprising: two cushions; a transversal tube having a retaining block at a front end thereof and a middle section; the retaining block serving for fixing the bicycle auxiliary handle to a front center of the general handle; two retaining seats. Each retaining seat has a groove corresponding to a shape of a periphery of the middle section of the transversal tube. A lower outer side of each retaining seat having a positioning hole for receiving a respective distal tube; a top side of each retaining seat has a plurality of adjusting holes for fixing a corresponding one of the two cushions and adjusting a distance between the two cushions. Furthermore, a positioning seat can be installed above a retaining seat for receiving the two distal tubes.

Abstract: An automatic balancing device including a case body provided with a hollow annular member having an outer peripheral side sliding wall face and concentrically mounted on a rotation shaft, a plurality of balance spherical bodies which are accommodated within the inside of the hollow annular member of the case body and disposed movably in a free manner when the rotation body is rotated, and a lubricant containing a liquid system lubricant which is adhered in a film manner on at least the outer peripheral side sliding wall face of the case body. The lubricant containing a liquid system lubricant may be preferably coated in a concentrated manner on the sliding face, then rotationally driving the rotation body and then suddenly stopping the rotation body to adhere the lubricant in a film manner on the outer peripheral side sliding wall face of the case body.

Abstract: A casing has casing parts and fastening elements, wherein the casing parts are connected to one another by the fastening elements. The fastening elements are located inside the casing so that the exterior of the casing is free of projections and recesses. A first one of the casing parts has through openings into which the fastening elements are inserted, and a second one of the casing parts has threaded bores for receiving the fastening elements.

Abstract: Alloy powder for forming a hard phase for a valve seat material having excellent high temperature wear resistance. The overall composition is consisted of Mo: 48 to 60 mass %, Cr: 3 to 12 mass % and Si: 1 to 5 mass %, and the balance of Co and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A method of making a composite chrome powder is provided. The method includes selecting a ferrochrome material. The ferrochrome material is mixed together with a nickel-based material, and a composite chrome powder is generated from the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy and may be used for zinc and indium containing materials processing resulting in fine indium powder production by converting indium into a salt compound and subsequent treatment of the latter with a water solution in two stages using a water re-distillate and an acetic acid solution.

Abstract: The present invention is a portable securing apparatus for fastening and unfastening a lid to a container. The apparatus minimizes or prevents health risks of medical conditions associated with repetitive and cumulative motions by minimizing or preventing repetitive motions performed by an individual. The apparatus includes a base and a balancer configured to hold a rotational drive mechanism. The base provides support for the container by allowing the container to rest thereon in an upright position. The balancer is connected to the base and is configured to hold the rotational drive mechanism. The balancer provides for movement of the rotational drive mechanism to engage the container lid.

Abstract: A driving shaft for a ratchet spanner includes a shaft body and a sleeve-retaining member. The shaft body includes a polygonal driving end that is adapted to be received fittingly within a wrench sleeve and that has an end surface with a polygonal screwdriver-engaging groove adapted for receiving a head of a screwdriver fittingly, and an annular outer surface that is formed with a hole communicated with the screwdriver-engaging groove in the end surface. A sleeve-retaining member is disposed within the screwdriver-engaging groove in the shaft body, and has an integral projection that extends through the hole in the shaft body and that is adapted to be biased to press against the wrench sleeve so as to retain the wrench sleeve on the driving end of the shaft body.

Abstract: A socket for transmitting torque from different types of wrenches to a fastener includes an elongated socket body. The body has a fastener engaging end with a plurality of internal fastener engaging surfaces defining an axially facing internal fastener engaging opening. The fastener engaging surfaces are configured to engage with the fastener. The body includes a drive end having an axially facing internal drive opening configured to receive a socket mounting portion from a socket driving type of wrench. The drive end of the socket body also has a series of external flat drive surfaces circumferentially separated by external surfaces having a smaller circumferential width. The flat surfaces are configured to be engaged by inwardly facing drive surfaces of an external driving type wrench. The socket body is tapered axially between the drive end and the fastener engaging end, with the drive end being wider than the fastener engaging end.

Abstract: An eye screw socket for anchoring an eye screw. An embodiment of the invention is a tool that includes a drive shaft with a longitudinal axis and a cavity attached to one end of the drive shaft, the cavity having an opening operable to hold an eye screw such that the longitudinal axis of the eye screw is deterred from rotating away from the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft. Another embodiment of the invention includes a method for engaging an object with a tool having a cavity attached to a first end of a drive shaft with a longitudinal axis, the cavity having a substantially rectangular opening with a first side length longer than a second side length, the rectangular opening operable to hold an eye screw such that the longitudinal axis of the eye screw is deterred from rotating.

Abstract: A double-ended wrench is described comprising a wrench head positioned at one end thereof having a first orifice formed for engagement with various fasteners. The first orifice has an across-width dimension and a depth dimension and an imaginary central axis of wrench rotation. The across-width dimension is generally greater than the depth dimension. There is a first handle portion connected to the wrench head. The first handle portion is elongated in a predetermined longitudinal direction, and has a cross-sectional shape and a defined minimum cross-sectional thickness when viewed in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The cross-sectional shape of the first handle portion is elongated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of wrench rotation of the first orifice. And, there is a second handle portion connected at the other end of the wrench.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device utilizing compressed air for loosening and tightening fasteners that are located in hard to access areas. The device enables a single operator to stabilize the device while applying pressure via a pneumatic hammer to loosen or tighten fasteners. The device uses socket principles that enable the user to switch the sockets and provide a wide variety of options to accommodate the shapes and sizes of the fasteners.

Abstract: A tool slide assembly mounted on a clamshell lathe where the clamshell lathe is used to machine an out-of-round work piece. The tool slide assembly generally comprises a base mounted on the rotatable ring of the clamshell lathe and a tool bit holder. The tool bit holder comprises a follower member and a tool block adapted to hold a tool bit, where the follower member is urged against an outer surface of the out-of-round work piece by a plurality of springs. The tool block is incrementally translated such that the tool bit gets fed into the out-of-round work piece.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for precisely controlled and operator safe removal of a desired width of layered paper from the end of a roll of paper web, as for example a paper roll having one or both ends damaged, employing a compound mount for a knife-blade type cutter which is selectively adjustable along multiple axes relative to the rotational axis and width of the paper roll as the roll is rotated independently of the cutter and without unwinding the paper web from the roll. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, only that quantity of paper web, which is damaged, is removed while maximizing the depth of cut radially into the roll by the cutter.

Abstract: A module for automatic scrap wire isolating and removal is used in systems such as wire insulation lines for extricating scrap wires while minimally interfering with the mechanized wire insulation process. One such module includes a knife assembly with a knife, a scrap tray with a tilt plate for catching the scrap wire below the knife assembly, an accumulator with curved hooks oriented for catching and accumulating, one at a time, the wire and the scrap wire and rotatable for letting go, one at a time, of the wire and scrap wire, so as to allow the knife to completely separate the scrap wire from the wire. A lifting linkage in this module is operatively engaged with the tilt plate tilting it at an angle sufficient for the isolated scrap wire to slide off, whereby the scrap wire is removed.

Abstract: A system and method for tracking and controlling the food product carriage of a food product slicer is described.

Abstract: An apparatus for slicing food products. The apparatus includes at least two cutter heads integrated with a common base construction and in which a food supply is provided for each cutting knife. The product flows from the cutter heads are combined into a single outflow conveyor.

Abstract: A punch for attachment to a brace of a braced die has a hollow cutting nose with a leading end for cutting a material to be punched and a trailing end opposite the leading end. A shaft extends from the trailing end of the nose and is sized to pass through an aperture in a brace. An upper retainer is joined to the shaft and has an upper retaining surface adapted to abut an upper surface of a brace. A lower retainer is joined to the shaft and has a lower retaining surface adapted to abut a lower surface of a brace. An internal waste evacuation chute extends from the interior of the hollow cutting nose and through the shaft for evacuating plugs of punched material from the nose.

Abstract: The triple action cam die set has an upper die, lower die and a cam system that works on multiple axes. A feeder delivers tubes sequentially to a loading station from where the tube is moved to a work station where the ends of the tube are cut and then the cut tube is moved to an exit station. The upper die has pairs of first, second and third drivers, each driver having a caming surface thereon. The lower die has a pair of cutter holders with cutters located opposite the ends of the tube when located at the work station. The cutter holders have first, second and third cam surfaces thereon which are sequentially engageable by the cam surfaces provide on the first, second and third drivers when the upper die is cycled.

Abstract: The invention provides inexpensively a pierce die by omitting a large pad at the time of executing a piercing process and pressing a work at only a minimum portion required for the piercing process, thereby reducing the portion to be machined as much as possible. There is provided a punch stripper comprising a pierce punch, a punch retainer holding the pierce punch, a cover which covers the pierce punch so as to protrude a leading end portion of the pierce punch, and is fastened by screws to the punch retainer, a stripper which is outward fitted to the pierce punch, presses the work before piercing the work by the pierce punch, takes out the pierce punch from the work after piercing, is received within the cover so as to move forward and backward, and forms a stop flange in a rear end, and a coil spring which is received within the cover so as to bring the stripper into contact with the stop flange, and energizes the stripper toward an outer side.