Abstract: The invention relates to a floating leisure platform with a heating device (A) for food and a seating facility (14) for one or several people.

Abstract: A multi-mission/purpose ground-effect craft is provided which is derived from a common modular platform which includes a hull; an inner floor structure adapted to be installed over the hull; a body adapted to be attached to at least one of the top surface of the hull and the inner floor structure, such that a interior compartment is formed thereinside; a tail wing assembly adapted to be attached to the aft end of the body; a forward nose cowl adapted to be attached to at least one of the forward nose portion of the hull and the forward body portion of the body; a windshield integrated into the forward end of the body; at least one door assembly integrated into the left or right body side; at least one window assembly integrated into the left or right body side; a propulsion system integrated within the aft end of the body; and a retractable skirt attached and draped from the outer or inner perimeter of the hull.

Abstract: This invention is a method of using articulating boat hull segments to allow a boat operator to convert between a conventionally-hulled and a tunnel-hulled configuration.

Abstract: A boat cover system that can provide some level of protection to the interior of the boat when the boat is not in use, and can also provide some level of protection to the occupants of the boat when the boat is in use. The cover system may include a cover assembly that includes a support frame and a cover, where the support frame supports the cover. One or more cover supports may be provided for supporting the cover assembly. The one or more cover supports may be adapted to allow the cover assembly to be moved between a raised position and a lowered position.

Abstract: A boat cover system that can provide some level of protection to the interior of the boat when the boat is not in use, and can also provide some level of protection to the occupants of the boat when the boat is in use. The cover system may include a cover assembly that includes a support frame and a cover, where the support frame supports the cover. One or more cover supports may be provided for supporting the cover assembly. The one or more cover supports may be adapted to allow the cover assembly to be moved between a raised position and a lowered position. In some cases, more than one cover assembly may be used on a boat.

Abstract: A method for generation of gasses contained in a salt solution in accomplished by disposing automated, floating wave power collection vessels in waters distant from shore, the vessels navigating within one or more predetermined geographic zones, having suitable wave conditions for such operation. The wave power devices generating electricity and the gasses are extracted from the salt solution by electrolysis. Automated storage vessels are used as shuttles to deliver the gasses to shore facilities.

Abstract: An emergency signaling device comprises a flexible substrate stowed in the trunk of a vehicle for extending from a folded position to an extended position, for conveying a message to motorists approaching the vehicle. The emergency signaling device may extend from the trunk of the vehicle upon activation of a remote trunk release when a hazard flasher system is on, or the like. The emergency signaling device may be removed from the vehicle for use as an emergency signaling device.

Abstract: A light reflector (delineator) of a guardrail for a road having a mirror like light reflecting surface formed on a reverse trapezoidal valley of a light reflecting body, and front and rear ends of the reverse trapezoidal valley attached with a high brightness light reflecting tape or coated with a fluorescent paint. The light reflector is mounted on a guardrail for a road, a stone marker for a road, a guardrail for a bridge, and a breast wall of a road, so as that the light from a headlight of a vehicle is reflected by the light reflecting surfaces of the reverse trapezoidal valley and the light reflecting tape or the fluorescent paint in the night, thus entire the light reflector is brighter.

Abstract: For a coating device for coating, for example, lenticular or granular items, comprising a drum rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis for accommodation of the items during a coating process, a loading device for filling the items into the drum, a closeable opening in the drum for admission of the uncoated items into the same and for allowing discharge of the coated items from the same, and a spraying device disposed within the drum for coating said items, concurrent execution of the operational phases of unloading and cleaning said device is enabled by providing an unloading device beneath the drum for removing the coated items, and between the unloading device and the drum there is provided a reciprocatory screening element which can be moved back and forth between a first position screening off said unloading device and a second position opening said unloading device.

Abstract: A coating and developing system includes a resist film forming unit block and antireflection film forming unit blocks stacked up in layers to form a resist film and an antireflection film underlying the resist film and an antireflection film overlying the resist film in a small space. The coating and developing system is capable of coping with either of a case where antireflection films are formed and a case where any antireflection film is not formed and needs simple software. Film forming unit blocks, namely, a TCT layer B3, a COT layer B4 and a BCT layer B5, and developing unit blocks, namely, DEV layers B1 and B2, are stacked up in layers in a processing block S2. The TCT layer B3, the COT layer B4 and the BCT layer B5 are used selectively in the case where antireflection films are formed and the case where any antireflection film is not formed. The coating and developing system is controlled by a simple carrying program and simple software.

Abstract: A device for supporting a heating crucible includes a supporting table having an upper surface in which a plurality of holes are formed, and a contamination prevention plate arranged at an entrance of each of the holes of the supporting table and having an opening portion corresponding to the hole and a shield portion extending along an inner wall of the hole.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for coating objects, said installation having, in a manner known per se, a coating chamber which is arranged upstream from a drying chamber. The objects to be coated are carried by skids which are guided through the coating chamber and the drying chamber by means of a skid transport system. Each skid comprises two skid runners, extending parallel to the direction of displacement, and is embodied in such a way that adjacent skids can travel inside each other such that they partially overlap in the direction of displacement. In this way, the objects carried by successive skids can be separated from each other in the coating chamber such that all of the surfaces of the objects to be coated can be easily reached by the application devices.

Abstract: Nozzles for converting clumps and nodules of dry or substantially dry fibrous insulation to pils and for spraying on the so treated and accelerated air entrained insulation pieces to form thermal and acoustical insulation in building cavities. The nozzles comprise a shredder section for reducing the size of many of the pieces of insulation to pil size and an accelerator section for increasing the velocity of a stream of air suspended pils for improved just-installed insulation integrity or strength. The shredder and the accelerator can also be combined in a single unit.

Abstract: A coating apparatus 10 includes a base 11, a substrate support stage unit 2 mounted on the base 11 and capable of fixedly supporting a substrate 1, a coating unit 3 mounted on the base 11 and capable of discharging a coating material onto a substrate 1 fixedly supported on the substrate support stage unit 2, and a motor unit 4 for driving at least either the substrate support stage unit 2 or the coating unit 3 for sliding on the base 11. The motor unit 3 has a stator assembly 22 on the base 11. The stator assembly 22 includes a plurality of magnets 31 linearly arranged such that opposite magnetic polarities of the magnets alternately change, and a pair of magnet holding members 37 and 38 for linearly pressing the magnets 31 together from both the ends of the magnets.

Abstract: A blade coating apparatus comprising: a mask having an opening, said mask being overlaid on a flat substrate to be coated; a blade movable relatively to said mask and above said mask to apply a coating liquid onto said mask so that a coating layer is formed on a coating surface of said flat substrate, said coating surface being exposed from said opening; and a water repellent portion which suppresses adhesion of the coating liquid, said water repellent portion being provided on an end face which defines said opening.

Abstract: A container (50) for an apparatus for automated cryosubstitution or low-temperature substitution is disclosed. The container is embodied as a cup (51) open at the top. The container (50) is subdivided into a first sector (52) and a second sector (53), at least one specimen holder (2) being arranged in the first sector (52) and at least one reservoir holder (20) in the second sector (53); and the container is arranged in the neck of a Dewar vessel (1).

Abstract: A Dewar vessel (1) for automated cryosubstitution or low-temperature substitution is disclosed. The invention further discloses an apparatus (10) for automated liquid transfer for cryosubstitution or low-temperature substitution. The apparatus (10) encompasses a container (50) that encompasses at least one specimen holder (2) and at least one reservoir holder (20); and wherein a movable transfer container (35) for automated exchange of at least one liquid (42) between the at least one specimen holder (2) and the at least one reservoir holder (20) is provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a reusable spray shield that can be used in painting applications such as the painting of residential and commercial buildings to protect an object that is not to be painted from paint overspray or errant paint particles. The reusable spray shield includes a frame and a membrane. The membrane can be a flexible plastic sheet that is attached to the frame with a number of attachment devices, such as VELCRO® pads bonded to both the membrane and the frame. The membrane can be quickly removed and replaced. The used membrane can be disposed of with the paint supplies according to local disposal guidelines. In addition, the frame can be quickly put together and taken apart. The frame, in its component parts, permits the frame to be easily transported from one location to the next.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lubricating metal coating and to a process for its preparation. The material constituting the coating in a composite material comprising a metal matrix within which talc particles are distributed as lamellae, the metal matrix being composed of a metal chosen from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, W, Mo, Zn, Au, Ag, Pb or Sn or of an alloy of these metals or of a metal/semimetal alloy. The coating is obtained by a process consisting in carrying out an electrolytic deposition using a solution of precursors of the metal matrix of the coating which additionally comprises talc particles in suspension, which particles are modified at the surface by irreversible adsorption of a cellulose-derived compound by replacement of all or part of the hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A vacuum processing apparatus including a process chamber having a plurality of pumping ports, and a plurality of pumping cells each connected to a respective pumping port of the plurality of pumping ports. The plurality of pumping ports is preferably located on a lower wall of the process chamber adjacent to a process chamber volume. A process chamber is also provided that includes a lower wall and a side wall, where the side wall has a height of about four inches. The vacuum processing apparatus further includes a chamber liner configured to displace open volume within the process chamber.

Abstract: A confinement assembly for a semiconductor processing chamber is provided. The confinement assembly includes a plurality of confinement rings disposed over each other. Each of the plurality of confinement rings are separated by a space and each of the plurality of confinement rings have a plurality of holes defined therein. A plunger extending through aligned holes of corresponding confinement rings is provided. The plunger is moveable in a plane substantially orthogonal to the confinement rings. A proportional adjustment support is affixed to the plunger. The proportional adjustment support is configured to support the confinement rings, such that as the plunger moves in the plane, the space separating each of the plurality of confinement rings is proportionally adjusted. In one embodiment the proportional adjustment support is a bellows sleeve. A semiconductor processing chamber and a method for confining a plasma in an etch chamber having a plurality of confinement rings are provided.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus and method of forming a ruthenium tetroxide containing gas to form a ruthenium containing layer on a surface of a substrate is described herein. The method and apparatus described herein may be especially useful for fabricating electronic devices that are formed on a surface of the substrate or wafer. Generally, the method includes exposing a surface of a substrate to a ruthenium tetroxide vapor to form a catalytic layer on the surface of a substrate and then filling the device structures by an electroless, electroplating, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD) or plasma enhanced ALD (PE-ALD) processes. In one embodiment, the ruthenium containing layer is formed on a surface of a substrate by creating ruthenium tetroxide in an external vessel and then delivering the generated ruthenium tetroxide gas to a surface of a temperature controlled substrate positioned in a processing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating plant, especially a vacuum coating plant, with a charging lock, especially a rectangular vacuum lock for a coating chamber, with a lock aperture (13) having a length of at least 1000 mm that comprises a shutter (6) for closing and opening the lock aperture and a latch (7) to secure the shutter, wherein there are provided means for moving the shutter and the latch from a first open position to a second closed position, and vice versa, these means assuring also that the movements of the shutter (6) and the latch (7) will be coupled with each other in such manner that the shutter (6) will be automatically secured by the latch (7) after the shutter has been closed and will be released again before it is opened.

Abstract: The present invention provides a recovery processing method to restore the substrate processing apparatus to an operating state after correcting an abnormality having occurred in the substrate processing apparatus in operation and having resulted in a stop in the operation, comprising a substrate retrieval step in which substrate salvage processing is first executed for a wafer W left in a chamber in the substrate processing apparatus in correspondence to the extent to which the wafer has been processed at the time of the operation stop and the substrate having undergone the substrate salvage processing is then retrieved into the cassette storage container and an apparatus internal state restoration step in which the states inside the individual chambers of the substrate processing apparatus are restored.

Abstract: A dual channel gas distributor can simultaneously distribute plasma species of an first process gas and a non-plasma second process gas into a process zone of a substrate processing chamber. The gas distributor has a localized plasma box with a first inlet to receive a first process gas, and opposing top and bottom plates that are capable of being electrically biased relative to one another to define a localized plasma zone in which a plasma of the first process gas can be formed. The top plate has a plurality of spaced apart gas spreading holes to spread the first process gas across the localized plasma zone, and the bottom plate has a plurality of first outlets to distribute plasma species of the plasma of the first process gas into the process zone. A plasma isolated gas feed has a second inlet to receive the second process gas and a plurality of second outlets to pass the second process gas into the process zone.

Abstract: A crucible is a monolithic structure extending over an entire area of a vaporizing chamber and has at least one slit groove provided in the upper surface thereof. The at least one slit groove has a length from one end of the upper surface of the crucible to other end thereof. The at least one slit groove is used as a portion for containing the evaporation material (dopant material or the like). Alternatively, a crucible is a monolithic structure extending over the entire area of the vaporizing chamber and has a plurality of holes provided in the upper surface thereof. The holes are used as portions for containing the evaporation material. Further, the crucible is divided into a plurality of regions, and individual electric heaters are provided under the lower surface of the crucible for the respective regions, whereby temperature can be individually controlled for the respective regions by the electric heaters.

Abstract: A vapor deposition apparatus, developed in particular for on-line deposition of phosphor or scintillator material, wherein said vapor deposition apparatus comprises a crucible containing a mixture of raw materials, a chimney having at least one inlet in communication with the said crucible and a linear slot outlet, one or more lineair heating elements, contained within said chimney, an oven surrounding said crucible, wherein said oven contains heating elements, shielding elements and cooling elements.

Abstract: The invention is a pet bedding kit that is primarily designed for feline usage, although smaller pets of other species may find it accommodating. The ‘kit’ is comprised of a newly designed bed, offering different sizes from kitten to BIG Kitty size, that allows for felines to enjoy a variety of relaxing and sleeping positions from stretched out to curled-up. It accomplishes a comfortable and relaxing area for cats to rest, sleep, or observe. The rectangular shaped bed has a built-in pillow and body support (a type of poly-fil) at one end with a mattress that fits the remainder of the bed. There is a small pre-sewn pocket near the tail end of the bed that is unnoticeable. A cloth ‘packet’ containing herbs or flowers that cats enjoy is put into the pocket. Two differently styled-types of pillows are included; a flatter pillow and puffy pillow proportionate to the bed size and anticipated size and weight of the cat. The mattress of the bed considers the weight and size of the intended cats usage, as well.

Abstract: A bird feed having a user adjustable feed path mechanism adjusted by controlling the distance between the feeder and the receiving element for the feed. The invention can incorporate a cage to prevent the retrieval of food from squirrels when incorporated into a birdfeeder.

Abstract: A decorated animal litter box enclosure for camouflaging an animal litter box or bedding area comprising one integral corrugated unit which can be configured along corrugated lines to create at least three upstanding sidewall sections. The outer section of the enclosure may be decorated. Further, the upstanding sidewall sections can be provided with at least one base flaps which can be tucked under the litter box or bedding chamber to provide rigidity and support. The upper surface of the upstanding sidewall sections may be provided with a support and/or stabilizing means and/or a support means, both of which also provide rigidity and support for the configuration of the enclosure. The base flaps, support means, and support and/or stabilizing means may all be used separately or in conjunction with one another and may be easily and quickly installed and removed for disassembly and storage or disposal.

Abstract: A self-contained, floating aquaculture tank for containing fish and other aquatic animal, plant, and algal species. The aquaculture tank includes a series of panels joined together by flexible connecting joints to form a cylinder-shaped tank enclosure with a conical bottom surrounded at or near the open end by a water-resistant and buoyant foam or other material. The tank is placed into a body of water where it floats and maintains the same water temperature as the surrounding body of water. The tank includes a waste cone at the bottom of the tank enclosure to which the lower portion of each panel is attached. The tank may also include devices for harnessing wind or solar energy to power lights, air pumps, and water pumps that may be components of the invention.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for breeding of a variety of Pacific abalone with orange shell. A new strain with uniform shell color of Pacific abalone is established by single mating or mass mating. The detailed procedures are as follows. The mature individuals with orange shell color are selected as breeders, and conditioned in the seawater. Macroalgae are fed and gentle aeration is provided daily. The gonad of breeders will eventually reach full ripeness; Artificial induction to spawn is conducted by combined desiccation, thermal shock and exposure to UV-irradiated seawater; The released gametes were fertilized by single mating or mass mating; A routine procedure is used for fertilized eggs incubation, larval and spat rearing. A new Pacific abalone strain of uniformly orange shell color is produced. In the invention, the new strain is produced by shell color mutant type abalone from natural populations or artificially cultivated stocks. No foreign genes are introduced.

Abstract: A feeder apparatus comprises a plurality of walls defining a feeder body, mounting structure, and a feed holder. The feeder body is hingedly, optionally hingedly and/or removably, mounted to the mounting structure. In some embodiments, the feeder apparatus further includes a blocking plate which is hingedly, optionally hingedly and removably, mounted to the mounting structure. One or more of the feeder body walls and the feed holder have cooperating sliding structures, enabling the feed holder to be slidingly received into, and/or removed from the remainder of the feeder apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a collapsible/foldable structure suitable for a variety of applications, such as an animal shelter, pet carrier transportation device, or a collapsible consumer storage container in general, such as a cooler or ice chest. The structure comprises a top roof and a bottom platform defining a top and bottom of said structure and a vertically disposed lower side section on said bottom platform. Front and rear walls are included. The structure also includes a pair of sidewalls each pivotally attached to the roof to facilitate inward collapse of the sidewalls when the sidewalls are pivoted toward the bottom platform.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novelly, bird-friendly, Bird Perch arrangement, system and assembly having, ideally, from one to four perch subassemblies, and a support base designed to interact with various, upper support areas such as branches and lower supported members such as conventional bird feeders. Each of the subassemblies is provided with main central portions which provide an arched flexible or solid support for special coiled portions which extend, preferably, in an outboard cascade or arrangement in relation to the support base. Each of the coils is constructed to be convoluted or inwardly coiling or arced, so that between 1 and 1.5 revolutions is achieved in relation to the beginning position of each coil.

Abstract: A retrieving device for use in training dogs, the device being adapted to be cast, retrieved, and released from a casting line. The devices includes a body portion adapted to be grasped by a dog, a casting mechanism adapted to permit the body portion to be releasably connected to a casting line, and/or one or more components adapted to impart a desired path as the body portion is pulled through water. Such paths can include, for instance, to skim along the top of the water, or to dive or bob periodically.

Abstract: A flexible abrasion resistant omnidirectionally reflective pet toy reflects incoming light beam back in the same direction as it was emanated, thereby indicating the location of a pet toy and thereby preventing tripping hazards in pet play areas during dusk or nighttime hours. The pet toy is created by surrounding a central braided rope of nylon or polyethylene fibers with a cylindrically braided reflective sleeve that is coated with an abrasion resistant transparent polymeric coating. The braided reflective sleeve is composed of braided narrow width reflective strips. The flexible retroreflective sheet is formed by thermally bonding corner cube, microsphere retroreflectors, or wide-angle exposed retroreflective lenses to a flexible polymeric sheet. The pet toy reflective braid may include knots and/or play balls or photoluminescence, glow-in-the-dark elements to provide an added measure of safety and enhanced play appeal.

Abstract: There is provided an illuminated dog leash. The illuminated dog leash includes a leash portion having a reflective material, a handle portion, and a light source connected to the handle portion for illuminating at least the reflective material of the leash portion.

Abstract: An improved pet walking device with their systems and methods are disclosed herein. More particularly, a pet walking device is disclosed with a detachable or built in flashlight, an attachable pet waste sack holder, a dynamo for recharging a flashlight, and an improved gear system to be used in connection with a retractable leash.

Abstract: A cooling system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed in which the supply of coolant to a cylinder block 6 is controlled independently of the coolant supply to a cylinder head 10 so that the temperatures of the cylinder block 6 and the cylinder head 10 can be optimised to produce improved performance and economy.

Abstract: A cooling system for an internal combustion engine 1 is disclosed in which an electronically controlled flow control valve 9 is used to control the flow of coolant exiting the engine 1. The electronically controlled flow control valve 9 is able to control the cooling of the engine 1 irrespective of the speed at which a pump 2 used to urge coolant to flow into the engine 1 is rotated by a drive belt 3 connected to an output 4 from the engine 1.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that replaces the throw journal of a crankshaft with a set of contours that are dynamic rather than static. The contour is such that three cycles of engine operation are not affected, i.e., exhaust, intake, and compression. The contour deviates only during the power stroke where an increased incidence to the circular is incorporated. This defers from previous attempts by eliminating complex geometries such as epitrochoidal or sinusoidal that by their nature negatively affect the exhaust, intake, and compression strokes of the Otto cycle when compared to the traditional crankshaft. Additionally, the deviation from the circular orbit during the power cycle optimizes to a larger extent the leverage available for peak thermodynamic pressures in the cylinder in the brief optimum time afforded by that pressure.

Abstract: The invention concerns a mounting and anti-rotation device (mounting aid) (1) for roller tappets of a valve train of an internal combustion engine in which gas exchange valves are activated by roller tappets. The roller tappets comprising a substantially cylindrical tappet body are retained in receptions (7, 8) of the mounting aid (1) that is made of plastic. With the help of opposing parallel anti-rotation surfaces that are arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the roller tappet and are disposed on the end of the tappet body that is oriented away from a roller, the roller tappets are guided secured against rotation in the mounting aid during the operation of the internal combustion engine. This is achieved by the fact that the inner profile of the receptions (7, 8) is matched to the outer profile of the roller tappets.

Abstract: A bi-directional dual coil half bridge converter adapted to be coupled to a dual coil actuator of a cylinder valve in an internal combustion engine is described. In one example, the converter has a first and second capacitor and a voltage source, where the converter is actuated via switches to individually energizing coils in said dual coil actuator. A voltage regulator is also shown for maintaining midpoint voltage during unequal loading of different actuator coils in the converter.

Abstract: An intake air amount control apparatus is mounted on a vehicle having an automatic transmission 30 that switches the shifting pattern for the gear ratio between two modes. The intake air amount control apparatus controls the intake air amount by cooperation of a variable valve lift mechanism 25 that changes the lift integration value of an intake valve 11 and a throttle valve 23 located in an intake passage 22. When the shifting pattern for the gear ratio is in a sport mode, which gives priority to acceleration performance, the intake air amount control apparatus executes a lift varying control such that the lift integration value of the intake valve 11 is greater than when the shifting pattern is in normal mode, which gives priority to fuel economy.

Abstract: A solenoid spool valve includes a spool valve, a spring, and an electromagnetic actuator. The spool valve has a generally cylindrical sleeve provided with a fluid input port and a fluid output port and a spool supported in the sleeve for axial displacement to switch between said input and output ports. The spring abuts a first working face of said spool to energize said spool in a first axial direction. The electromagnetic actuator provides an axial drive force to a second working face of said spool in a second axial direction that is substantially opposite to said first axial direction. The first and second working faces are disposed axially inside of both axial end portions of a bearing, respectively, for slidably supporting said spool in said sleeve.

Abstract: A variable valve timing controller has a phase adjusting mechanism. The phase adjusting mechanism includes a first rotating member and second rotating member which are respectively rotate in synchronization with a driving shaft and a driven shaft of an engine, a first arm rotatably connected with the first rotating member, and a second arm rotatably connected with the second rotating member and the first arm. In the first arm, a distance between connecting points is defined as a distance L1. In the second arm, a distance between connecting points is defined as a distance L2. A ratio L1/L2 is defined within a range of 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lifter assembly including a lifter body and a cam follower. The cam follower is mounted to an end of the lifter body wherein the lifter body has a first diameter over a first body portion for engaging a wall of an engine bore. The lifter body also including a second diameter smaller than the first diameter over a second body portion supportive of the cam follower. The hydraulic valve lifter assembly further including a contiguous annular transitional chamfer between the first and second diameter portions of the lifter body.

Abstract: A spark plug capable of removing the remaining electric charges is proposed. The spark plug can be installed in a vehicle and has an insulating body, a center electrode, a conductive housing and a conductive wire. The center electrode is passed through the insulating body. The conductive housing is disposed outside the insulating body. One end of the conductive wire is connected to the conductive housing and the other end of the conductive wire is fixed on a negative electrode of a battery of the vehicle. Since the electric charges remaining in the spark plug can be removed by the conductive wire after the high-voltage current sent from the ignition system induces the sparks, the present invention can avoid the damage of the spark plug to keep the spark plug in good status, maintain the efficiency of the engine, and make the car safer in usage.

Abstract: A valve seat for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine includes an additional material fused to the base material of the cylinder head. The additional material includes at least two layers above one another, the inner layer, facing the cylinder head, having good joining properties with respect to the base material of the cylinder head, and the outer layer, remote from the cylinder head, having good strength and wear properties.