Abstract: The air-conditioner includes a compressor configured to compress and discharge a refrigerant. The air-conditioner includes a condenser configured to cool the refrigerant with air outside of a vehicle compartment. The air-conditioner includes a throttle configured to expand the refrigerant. The air-conditioner includes an evaporator configured to cool air inside of the vehicle compartment to eliminate moisture from the air by the expanded refrigerant. The air-conditioner includes a first refrigerant passage having the condensed refrigerant between the condenser and the throttle. The air-conditioner includes a second refrigerant passage having the evaporated refrigerant between the evaporator and the compressor. The air-conditioner includes a refrigerant pipe located between the first and second passages and configured to exchange heat between the condensed and evaporated refrigerants.

Abstract: A bracket for a refrigeration valve includes an elongated flat plate bent in half with the two halves of the plate lying in parallel, adjacent relation. The inner bracket half includes an opening closely receiving the inlet fitting of the valve, and a predetermined internal geometry closely receiving the external profile of a fixed nut on the fitting. The outer bracket half also includes an opening configured to closely receive the fitting, and a dimension such that it butts up against an outer side surface of the nut. The outer bracket half is mechanically fixed to the fitting, such as by riveting, brazing or other means. Fasteners are received through corresponding apertures in the bracket halves to attach the bracket to a support surface. The cooperating geometries of the inner bracket half and the nut prevent the bracket from rotating with respect to the fitting during assembly.

Abstract: Multi-stage vacuum distilling, cooling, and freezing processes for solution separation and seawater desalination are implemented through multi-stage vacuum distilling, cooling, and freezing systems. The systems are set to their initial state for implementing constant temperature distilling process, drain-to-vacuum and freezing process, transferring of a specific solution, and recycling of a hot circulating solution, so as to separate the specific solution. In the multi-stage cooling process, vacuum evaporation cooling is utilized to cool the solution in order to supply the low-temperature solution needed in the multi-stage vacuum freezing process. Vapors produced in the multi-stage vacuum distilling and cooling systems provide condensation heat needed to melt ice crystals produced in the multi-stage vacuum freezing system.

Abstract: A portable, potable-water generator for producing high-purity liquid water by condensation of water vapor from ambient air. The generator (125) employs an air filter (119) to remove particulates and aerosols from the incoming air. An enclosed heat absorber cools the filtered air to its dew point and collects droplets of condensate into a condensate collector (5). Before discharge, the collected dew is treated in a bacteriostat loop to destroy adventitious living organisms and to filter out undesirable and dangerous contaminants. A recirculation loop provides the ability to recirculate stored condensate, including during periods of inactivity. Further, quick disconnect fittings (55b) and variable length flexible tubing allows use of the invention to serve remote dispensers and/or appliances and allow use of municipal water treated through the apparatus in low condensate situations.

Abstract: An arrangement of low-cost jewelry objects displayed on the person preliminarily made on a BAND-AID adhesive bandage and transferred to the site of display on the person by being correlated to where the BAND-AID adhesive bandage is attached to the person.

Abstract: On the basis of a known process for the production of a preform for an optical fiber for optical data transmission technology, the productivity of the process for the production of complex refractive index profiles is to be improved by providing a quartz glass substrate tube which exhibits different doping in radial direction, introducing a core glass made of synthetic quartz glass into the substrate tube and covering the substrate tube with a jacket tube. A substrate tube suitable therefor is also being provided which tube requires less core glass material for the production of the preform, whether during the internal deposition or for the core glass rod in the rod-in-tube technique.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and precursors for producing substantially water-free silica soot, preforms and glass. The methods and apparatus make substantially water-free fused silica preforms or glass by removing water as a reaction product, removing water from the atmosphere, removing water from the transport process, or combinations thereof. In a first embodiment, substantially water-free soot, preforms or glass are achieved by using a hydrogen-free fuel, such as carbon monoxide, in the deposition process. In another embodiment, a soot producing burner has parameters that enable operation on a substantially hydrogen-free fuel. End burners, which minimize water production, are also described. Such water-free methods are useful in depositing fluorine-doped soot because of the low water present and the efficiency in which fluorine is incorporated. In another embodiment, glassy barrier layer methods and apparatus are described for minimizing dopant migration, especially fluorine.

Abstract: The arrangement for continuous treatment of a textile product with steam includes one or more treatment chambers; a transporting device having a horizontal conveyor guided through the treatment chamber or chambers; a steam-tight housing surrounding the treatment chamber or chambers; at least one circulating device with at least one circulating fan arranged in the treatment chamber or chambers and nozzle boxes arranged above and below the horizontal conveyor for delivering superheated steam to the product web conveyed on the conveyor. The horizontal conveyor is a sieve band, preferably with an opening degree amounting to from 50 to 90%. A method of steam treatment is also described.

Abstract: A cabinet-shaped washing machine includes a conveyor belt to move laundry goods in circulation, with the laundry goods passing through various successive steps of the laundry cycle. Following the actual washing process, a downstream pre-dehumidification as well as a drying and pressing phase can be realized in the same housing.

Abstract: In a direct drive washing machine having a driving motor installed at a lower portion of an outer tub and rotating an inner tub or a pulsator by the driving motor, a pulsator shaft and a tub shaft are constructed with a dual shaft structure, respectively connected to the inner tub and the pulsator and transmitting a rotational force of the driving motor thereto, a clutch coupling being connected with an outer circumference of the tub shaft and performing a clutching operation by being connected with/separated from a rotor of the driving motor while moving up and down, and with a clutch actuator providing a force to the clutch coupling so as to separate it from the rotor, whereby it is possible to wash laundry by various methods in accordance with laundry conditions, and accordingly, the performance of washing can be improved and a load on the driving motor can be lowered.

Abstract: The description relates to a closure for mounting in an opening in a thin wall, such as a sheet metal cabinet door, which comprises a housing and which has, at one end, a bearing support for an actuation lever and, at its other end, a lock device for the actuation lever and a fastening device such as a clamping clip therebetween. The housing has a partially spherical bearing surface with a cylindrical bore hole proceeding from it, wherein a partial ball with a first bearing for a closure drive shaft extending through the cylindrical bore hole and with a second bearing for the actuation lever is arranged in the cylindrical bore hole, and the two bearings enable a rotation of the partial ball in relation to the housing and a swiveling of the actuation lever in relation to the partial ball around an axis vertical to the closure drive shaft and to the extension of the lever.

Abstract: In a method and a strip treatment installation, in particular a strip rolling mill train or a strip rolling stand, to avoid strip stickers, as the material is being wound up the distribution of the radial pressure exerted by the strip on the coiler drum or a winding reel is measured over the strip width, then the measured values are used to produce a reproduction of the actual local stress distribution in the strip, and this reproduction is used as a template for a set curve for controlling the strip tensile stress distribution, on the basis of which actuators of the strip treatment installation are adjusted with a view to achieving a uniform compressive stress distribution.

Abstract: An adjustable horn or mandrel for a spiral pipe forming machine. Such machines are made for continuously forming metal pipe from an elongated sheet of metal where the sheet is curled into adjacent helical convolutions in a multiple roll pipe forming head. The head includes a mandrel, and in accordance with the invention a mandrel mount is provided for vertical adjustment of the mandrel. The mandrel mount has opposite side supports sandwiching the mandrel and a motor mounted for raising and lowering the mandrel between the side supports. Raising and lowering is accomplished via a pair lead screws secured to the mandrel, each having a gear threadedly engaged thereon and which is driven by the motor. The mandrel is also horizontally adjustable.

Abstract: An Apparatus and method for forming elongated metal articles includes one or more rotating dies (1) each provided with an indentation (3). The indentation (track) is shaped so as to be complementary to the actual final shape of the resulting articles, and the dies (1) are designed and adapted to ensure/allow three rotational degrees of freedom under deformation by rotation of the dies.

Abstract: A moving speed of one of tables 11 during the bending process in an approaching direction is controlled to be a bending process optimal speed which is determined by maximum machine speed inherent in the table 11, a coefficient of a material of a workpiece W, a coefficient of a thickness of the workpiece W, a coefficient of a product shape, and coefficients of dies P and D.

Abstract: A device and a method for calibrating a sensor, e.g., a force sensor such as a belt-force sensor, which allow reliable calibration of the sensor in a simple manner to counteract age-related distortion of measured values. The device for calibrating a sensor includes an arrangement for detecting at least one defined state of the sensor. When the sensor is in a defined state thusly detected, a corresponding adjustment of the measured value of the sensor may be implemented within the framework of the method.

Abstract: A disclosed jig, for use in certifying accuracy of a vehicle wheel aligner, includes two axles of equal length having stub shafts at the ends of the axles and two adjustable side spacers for releasable connection to the stub shafts. Plates for mounting heads of the aligner system also are attached to the stub shafts. Stands support the corners of the rectangular jig formed by the connected axles and spacers. The aligner system measures parameters of the jig from the attached heads. A diagonal spacer of a predetermined length, may be used in setting the diagonals of the rectangular jig during assembly to be equal. In the example disclosed, the apparatus also includes a distance setting shaft for use in setting lengths of each of the two side spacers to be equal.

Abstract: A pneumatic testing apparatus is provided for accelerating a mass. The apparatus has a housing defining a reservoir and a cylinder having an opened proximate end and a closed distal end. The opened proximate end is positioned within the reservoir and a piston is positioned in the cylinder. The piston has a first side and a second side. A shaft connects to the first side of the piston, the shaft being positioned coaxially within the cylinder and extending through its closed distal end. An exhaust orifice is located at the closed distal end, wherein the mass is positioned on the portion of the shaft extending from the distal end of said cylinder and is accelerated as a gas at a first pressure located in the reservoir enters the open proximate end of the cylinder and urges against the second side of said piston, thereby causing the piston to accelerate toward the distal end of the cylinder and simultaneously accelerate the mass.

Abstract: A modular gas measuring system with a basic unit (1) with electric supply and data lines connected to it, a measuring unit (2), which is equipped with a gas sensor and with a microprocessor and is connected to the basic unit (1) by means of snap closures to form a functional unit. At least one expansion module, is accommodated by the functional unit. The modular design, of optionally accommodating different expansion modules, so that the properties and the possible applications of the gas measuring system can be expanded in a simple manner.

Abstract: The invention provides a portable gas detector of a novel structure that is easy to be fabricated as a small-sized one handy to carry and high in convenience for use. The portable gas detector has a housing in the form of a slim and flat box holdable by grasping with a hand, and a foreside half portion in the interior of he housing is provided as a functional part region, and a rear half portion in the interior of the housing is provided as a battery part region. In the functional part region, one of 5 gas sensors is arranged at a curved portion in a gas sensor-arranging region of an L shape as a whole, and 2 gas sensors are arranged in a row in both lateral and vertical directions of the above gas sensor, respectively. A gas sucking means is arranged in a region, the 2 directions of which is sectioned by the gas sensor-arranging region.

Abstract: A vapor sensing device that is sufficiently small and lightweight to be handheld, and also modular so as to allow the device to be conveniently adapted for use in sensing the presence and concentration of a wide variety of specified vapors. The device provides these benefits using a sensor module that incorporates a sample chamber and a plurality of sensors located on a chip releasably carried within or adjacent to the sample chamber. Optionally, the sensor module can be configured to be releasably plugged into a receptacle formed in the device. Vapors are directed to pass through the sample chamber, whereupon the sensors provide a distinct combination of electrical signals in response to each. The sensors of the sensor module can take the form of chemically sensitive resistors having resistances that vary according to the identity and concentration of an adjacent vapor.

Abstract: An ambient condition detector has a housing that carries a sensor of an airborne constituent such as a gas, and a condenser for minimizing an inflow of moisture into the sensor. A filter can be used to reduce fluid flow velocity prior to passing through or by the condenser.

Abstract: A test station for testing polishing heads for planarizing semiconductor wafers and other substrates has a head positioning control system which can precisely position the polishing head at one of many electronically controlled positions above the test station platform. The test station may also include a lateral carriage assembly which supports the polishing head above a base plate of the station and permits the polishing head to be moved in a gliding motion above the surface of the test station test wafer. A sensor senses when the carriage of the assembly is moved from a load position. In response, the test station controller causes a vertical actuator to lift the head mount in the vertical or Z direction. In this position, there is sufficient clearance for the polishing head being carried by the carriage to slide under the head mount and into position for mounting to the head adapter.

Abstract: An implantable pump and methods for detecting leaks in an implantable pump are provided. In one embodiment, the implantable drug pump includes a housing having at least one inlet port and an outlet port formed therein. The outlet port is adapted to communicate with a catheter for delivering fluid to a patient's body, and the inlet port(s) are effective to deliver fluid into the housing. The housing further includes at least one reservoir disposed therein and effective to contain a fluid. In use, the pump preferably includes a fluid having one or more drugs disposed in at least one of the reservoirs, and a radiolucent fluid disposed in one of the reservoirs. A user programmable control mechanism is coupled to the drug pump and is effective to selectively control movement of the valves between the open and closed positions.

Abstract: A device is provided for evaluating the signal from a viscosity sensor having an amplifying circuit. The amplification of the amplifying circuit is controlled by a temperature signal from a temperature sensor.

Abstract: Numerous embodiments of a method to assay sacrificial material are disclosed. In one embodiment, a sacrificial material may be analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Chemical markers that correlate with material contaminants in the sacrificial material may be identified.

Abstract: A sensor system for determining at least one environmental condition within pharmaceutical packaging comprising a base sheet with at least one pocket formed therein, a lid sheet having a pocket portion, the pocket portion being disposed proximate the pocket when the lid sheet is bonded to the base sheet; and a microelectromechanical (MEMS) sensor disposed proximate the pocket portion.

Abstract: A cantilever for the use in atomic force microscopy includes a cantilever arm having a fixed end being attached to a base member and a free end where the cantilever arm has a first shape and an axis of torsion associated with the first shape, and a probe tip projecting from the cantilever arm near the free end where the probe tip is positioned in an offset displacement from the axis of torsion. Alternately, the cantilever arm has a first shape selected to tune a torsional resonance frequency of a selected torsional mode or the fundamental flexural resonance frequency of the fundamental mode so that the torsional resonance frequency and the fundamental flexural resonance frequency has an integer ratio. In this manner, the torsional motion of the torsional harmonic cantilever at that harmonic frequency will be largely enhanced by the corresponding torsional resonance.

Abstract: A measurement structure that projects into an intake passage is provided with a shunt plate adjacent to a first passage that extends from an air inlet to an air outlet. A second passage is formed around the shunt plate so as to bypass the first passage. An air flow rate measuring element is disposed in the second passage. An edge of the shunt plate is located on a imaginary line or distant from the imaginary line to the second passage side, in which the imaginary line is parallel to the axis of the intake passage and passing through the top of the air inlet, whereby dust or liquid matter is prevented from entering the second passage. Alternatively, the shunt plate is provided with an inclined portion which is projected to the first passage so that the inclined portion is inclined toward the air outlet. As a further alternative, the shunt plate is provided with an inclined portion that is inclined toward the air inlet and has a through-hole.

Abstract: A fuel injection system (18) is calibrated as an assembled system. The fuel injection system (18) includes a unit pump (10) a cam follower (24), a joined fuel injection line (14) and injection nozzle (16). The fuel injection system (18) is mounted to a test stand an is subsequently calibrated to a specified fuel delivery and timing. The relative positions of the unit pump (10) and fuel injection nozzle (16) are fixed during calibration. The assembled fuel injection system is packaged and delivered so that the calibrated system can be installed in the relative positions fixed during calibration.

Abstract: A pressure sensor (30) for sensing a fluid pressure in harsh environments such as the air pressure in a tire, by using a chamber (58) partially defined by a flexible membrane (50), the flexible membrane (50) is a laminate having at least two layers wherein at least one of the layers is at least partially formed from conductive material, and the chamber (58) containing a fluid at a reference pressure, such that the flexible membrane (50) deflects from any pressure difference between the reference pressure and the fluid pressure; and, associated circuitry (34) for converting deflection of the flexible membrane (50) into an output signal indicative of the fluid pressure. Forming the membrane from a number of separately deposited layers alleviates internal stress in the membrane (50). The layers can be different materials specifically selected to withstand harsh environments.

Abstract: The equipment for measuring the speed of rotation of a vehicle wheel (14) carried by a wheel axle (12) comprises a tachometer (30) having a stator (32) suitable for being secured to the wheel axle (12), a rotor (34) suitable for being rotated by the wheel (14), and a connector (110) secured to the stator (32) for electrical connection of the tachometer. The connector (110) includes a set of connection terminals (114A). The equipment further comprises an information transmission member (82) carried by the tachometer stator (32) and suitable for co-operating with a complementary information transmission member (74) constrained to rotate with the wheel (14). Said tachometer connector (110) includes additional connection terminals (114B) to which said information transmission member (82) is connected for transmitting said information.

Abstract: A micromachined gyroscope makes use of Coriolis acceleration to detect and measure rotation rate about a plane normal to the surface of a substrate. Specifically, various resonating structures are suspended within a frame. The resonating structures include phase and anti-phase masses that are mechanically coupled in order to produce a single resonance frequency for the entire resonating system. Rotation of the micromachined gyroscope about the plane produces a rotational force on the frame. The frame is suspended in such a way that its motion is severely restricted in all but the rotational direction. Sensors on all sides of the frame detect the rotational deflection of the frame for measuring the change in direction.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce a rise time required for stabilizing the vibration state of a vibrator and the scale of a circuit needed for the activation of a driving vibration in exciting the driving vibration in the vibrator. A driving vibration is excited in a vibrator 1 for outputting a detection signal generated based on the driving vibration and a physical value, and the physical value is measured based on the detection signal. The driving vibration is excited using a circuit 9A for self-excited vibration having a CR oscillator 5A to generate an oscillation loop together with the vibrator 1. An activating signal of rectangular wave is applied on the vibrator 1 using the CR oscillator 5A to start the driving vibration in the vibrator 1.

Abstract: An arrangement for tracking resonant frequency of electrically resonant structures through a single channel includes a variable frequency oscillator associated with each resonant structure which provides an excitation signal of a variable frequency encompassing a possible resonant frequency of the associated resonant structure. Coupling device(s) are provided which connect each variable frequency oscillator to said resonant structure(s). An I-mixer is provided for each oscillator which forms a synchronous detector, a first input of each I-mixer being connected to its associated oscillator and a second input being connected to the coupling device, each I-mixer mixing the excitation signal from the associated variable frequency oscillator with a response signal generated by the resonant structure(s) in response to each excitation signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for detecting changes in the properties of a polymeric material. A frame is hand held against the outside surface of a curved polymeric test specimen, e.g., fluid tank. A transmitting probe attached to the frame emits critically refracted ultrasonic waves that travel longitudinally across the chord of said curved test specimen and are detected by at least one receiving probe attached to the frame. A data processing system measures the travel time of the ultrasonic waves from the transmitting probe to the receiving probe and compares this measured travel time to an expected travel time. Variations in material properties along the penetration path of the ultrasonic waves can be detected from deviation in the measure travel time of the waves from the expected control values. Measuring the temperature of the polymeric specimen allows adjustment of the measured travel time of the waves to account for temperature effects on the polymeric material.

Abstract: A remote mass is excited with one or more beams, and the surface vibrations of the excited mass are detected with one or more laser vibrometers. Each vibrometer generates a signal indicative of the surface vibrations which is stored, reversed in time, and applied to modulate an exciter beam that is then impinged onto the mass.

Abstract: A pressure sensor that compensates for variations in temperature by having first (53) and second (51) chambers with first and second respective flexible membranes. The first and second flexible membranes deflect in response to pressure differences within the first and second chambers respectively. The first membrane is exposed to the fluid pressure (66) to be measured, such as the air pressure in a tire. The second membrane sealed from the fluid pressure, and, associated circuitry converts the deflection of the first flexible membrane into an output signal related to the fluid pressure, and converts the deflection of the second membrane into an adjustment of the output signal to compensate for the temperature of the sensor. By sealing the second chamber from the tire pressure, the deflection of the second membrane can be determined as a function of temperature. This can be used to calibrate the output signal from the first chamber to remove the effects of temperature variation.

Abstract: A pressure sensor (30) for harsh environments such as vehicle tires, formed from a chamber (58) partially defined by a flexible membrane (50), the chamber (58) containing a fluid at a reference pressure. In use, the flexible membrane (50) deflects from any pressure difference between the reference pressure and the fluid pressure. The membrane (50) being at least partially formed from conductive material so that associated circuitry (34) converts the deflection of the flexible membrane (50) into an output signal indicative of the fluid pressure. The flexible membrane is less than 3 microns thick to allow the use of a high yield strength membrane material. A thinner membrane also allows the area of the membrane to be reduced. Reducing the area of the membrane reduces the power consumption and the overall size of the sensor. A high yield strength material is better able to withstand the extreme conditions within the tire and a compact design can be installed in restricted spaces such as the valve stem.

Abstract: A pressure sensor device having a casing (10) accommodating a sensor element (20) mounted on a mounting member (30). The casing (10) includes an opening (11) in one surface thereof. The sensor element (20) is arranged in the opening (11) for measuring the pressure outside of the casing. The casing (10) is preferably mounted on the circuit board, which is the mounting member (30). The casing (10) is mounted on the circuit board in such a state that the opening side (11) faces the circuit board.

Abstract: The invention provides a load detecting system comprising a core (83) of magnetostrictive material, a coil (85) disposed in the vicinity of the core, and a load detecting circuit (10) connected to the coil (85) for detecting the magnitude of a load acting on the core (83). The load detecting circuit (10) comprises an exciting circuit (102) for passing an a.c.

Abstract: A metal ring inspection method of a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) V-belt for inspecting end face defects in a belt laminated band composed of a plurality of metal ring stacked layers in which a first process is executed which grasps the outer periphery surface of the belt laminated band from both sides to firmly touch the inner periphery surface and removes crowning from the metal rings; a second process is executed which applies a sliding force in the width direction relative to each metal ring constituting the belt laminated band to expose the belt laminated band end face in a different tiered shape; and subsequently a third process is executed which inspects the belt laminated band end face defects exposed in the different tiered shape.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining failure of a test component. The apparatus, according to a selected method, is able to determine the embrittlement potential of a selected procedure for a selected material. The apparatus is able to determine the embrittlement potential in a substantially quick and non-human fallible manner.

Abstract: A panel performance testing system and method of use is provided for evaluating creep and duration of load (DOL) performance of products, particularly wood-based panels, subjected to bending stress. The panel performance testing system comprises a panel testing support frame assembly; a loading head assembly for applying test load to a panel face; a load transfer assembly for transferring load force from a dead weight to the loading head assembly; a panel deflection sensor; and a mobile loading platform assembly for vertically positioning and supporting dead weight loads, controlling the rate of load transfer of the dead weight loads from the loading platform assembly to the loading head assembly, and an integrated data acquisition system that automatically records and processes the related testing data for the entire course of the testing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for thermal measuring the flow rate (v) of a fluid (3). In conventional thermal sensors the heating power P is supplied in the form of rectangular pulses. According to the invention, the sensor means (1b) are supplied by a heating control (2b) with non-constant heating pulses having a sublinear build-up dynamics P(t). Thereby, a nonlinear behaviour of the threshold value time (tS), until a threshold value temperature (Tm) is reached, as a function of the flow rate (v) can at least partially be compensated. Embodiments concern inter alia a build-up dynamics P(t) proportional to tm and/or to a time-independent amplitude factor (1+RS/RI)?1, wherein m is a Reynolds-number-dependent exponent and RS, RI are thermal transfer resistances. The advantages are an improved precision, a shorter measuring time and an enlarged measuring range for the flow rate v.

Abstract: An average bidirectional flow tube, including a body having two side plates and upper and lower plates, a partition plate installed to be perpendicular to the side plates of the body so that front and rear ends of the tube are separated from each other, and two pairs of pressure impulse lines installed at front and rear positions of the partition plate. The upper and lower plates of the body each have a curvature to be in contact with an inner surface of a pipe in which the average bidirectional flow tube is installed, and each of the pressure impulse lines is installed to communicate with an interior of the pipe. Although a two-phase flow occurs in the pipe or the flow of the fluid flowing in the pipe is changed, an average flow rate of a fluid can be measured. Particularly, it is easy to measure an average flow rate of the fluid when the fluid flows at a low speed. Further, even when sudden pressure reduction occurs in the pipe, an additional cooling device is not required.

Abstract: A device for measuring torque on an electric motor, which has a first motor portion and a second motor portion, which are rotatable in relation to each other, is proposed, the device comprising a rotatable holding plate for receiving the first motor portion, by means of which plate a rotational movement of the first motor portion in relation to the second motor portion can be driven, and a holding device for the second motor portion for holding the second motor portion in a rotationally fixed manner, the holding plate being disposed and formed in such a way that, when external forces are exerted on the electric motor via the holding device, the electric motor can position itself in relation to the holding device in such a way that external forces influencing the torque measurement are minimized.

Abstract: A low-cost high precision twisting measuring device comprising a tool body; the tool body comprises a handle having a display; at least one end of the handle having a driving portion; each connection between the handle and each driving portion having a piezoelectric ceramic sensor; the piezoelectric ceramic sensor being connected to the display through a conductor; the piezoelectric ceramic sensor serving to convert mechanical power due to operation of the spanner into electric power with a form of voltage signals; the voltage signal being transferred to the display through the conductor.

Abstract: A torque sensor for a vehicle steering system includes a voltage boosting circuit, an oscillator, an offset voltage circuit part and a current amplifier. The torque sensor further includes a phase inversion part that outputs an offset voltage and a phase-inverted alternating current voltage which is in-phase with the voltage outputted from said oscillator, a waveform selecting part that rectifies the voltages outputted from said current amplifier and said phase inversion part, and first and second coils that are in series each other and connected at each end thereof to an output terminal of said waveform selecting part and an output terminal of said offset voltage circuit part, respectively.

Abstract: A torque sensor has a torsion bar coaxially in alignment with input and output shafts, a ring shaped magnet fixed to an axial end of the input shaft, a pair of magnetic yokes fixed to an axial end of the output shaft, and a magnetic sensor for detecting magnetic flux density generated between the pair of magnetic yokes. Each of the magnetic yokes is provided with claws, which are circumferentially spaced at constant intervals, and whose number is equal to that of each of N and S poles alternately arranged circumferentially in the magnet. Each, center of the claws coincides with a boundary between immediately adjacent N and S poles of the magnet, when the torsion bar is not twisted. The magnetic sensor is inserted into an axial gap between the pair of magnetic yokes without contacting the magnetic yokes.