Abstract: A solar hot kerosene heat-conducting system is provided with an oil-level indicator, an expanding container, an over-flow outlet, a circulatory pump, an auxiliary heater, a processing area, a solar heating area and a filter.

Abstract: There is provided a connecting clasp for joining adjacing modular units of a solar collector mounted on roofs or other surfaces, including two substantially upright walls defining between them a space of a width capable of accommodating the end portions of spacer bars of the solar collector and a plurality of catches with inwards and downwards inclined top faces projecting from inside faces of the two upright walls. By application of force to a spacer bar seatable on the upper edges of the top faces of the catches, the upright walls are spread apart, letting the spacer bars enter the space until the catches snap into recesses provided in the spacer bars, thereby locking the clasp into position.

Abstract: A delivery device (20, 22) for and a method of delivering a substance to the nasal airway (1) of a subject, in particular the posterior region of the nasal airway, the delivery device comprising: a closure unit for causing the closure of the oropharyngeal velum of the subject; and a delivery unit for delivering a gas flow entraining a substance to one of the nostrils of the subject at such a driving pressure as to flow around the posterior margin of the nasal septum and out of the other nostril of the subject, wherein the delivery unit comprises a nosepiece (30, 40, 58, 82, 102, 132) which includes an outlet through which the gas flow is in use delivered to the one nostril and a sealing member for sealing the one nostril to the outlet such as in use to prevent the escape of the gas flow through the one nostril.

Abstract: A delivery device (20, 22) for and a method of delivering a substance to the nasal airway (1) of a subject, in particular the posterior region of the nasal airway, the delivery device comprising: a closure unit for causing the closure of the oropharyngeal velum of the subject; and a delivery unit for delivering a gas flow entraining a substance to one of the nostrils of the subject at such a driving pressure as to flow around the posterior margin of the nasal septum and out of the other nostril of the subject, wherein the delivery unit comprises a nosepiece (30, 40, 58, 82, 102, 132) which includes an outlet through which the gas flow is in use delivered to the one nostril and a sealing member for sealing the one nostril to the outlet such as in use to prevent the escape of the gas flow through the one nostril.

Abstract: The invention relates to a receptacle comprising tiotropium or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and a physiologically acceptable excipient, wherein the receptacle is able to store the tiotropium under conditions that prevent moisture uptake.

Abstract: The present apparatus includes a metered dose inhaler (MDI) portion housed with a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) portion. The MDI portion and the HME portion share an inlet. The MDI portion and the HME portion share an outlet. The MDI portion and the HME portion are in parallel to each other and are immediately lateral of one another. The present MDI/HME apparatus includes a valve to direct fluid flow to or away from the HME portion and to or away from the MDI portion. The present MDI/HME apparatus includes a valve arm to communicate to the caregiver whether fluid is passing through the MDI portion or the HME portion and to structurally close off an MDI port when the valve is open relative to the HME portion. The valve is structured such that fluid flow to the patient is never obstructed.

Abstract: A device enabling an individual to self-monitor his breathing in order to assist in the control of a radiotherapy or imaging unit includes elements for acquiring a current metabolic volume signal, a signal-processing unit and a communication interface. The device also includes elements capable of detecting regular breathing during rest and then of forcing the communication interface to communicate a signal representing a predetermined setpoint value.

Abstract: An electronic oxygen conserving device for controlling a flow of oxygen from an oxygen storage container to a user. When a conserve setting is selected, a flow of oxygen travels through an oxygen regulating valve that has an open state and a closed state. A temporary electrical charge or current is provided to the oxygen regulating valve during the initial inhalation of oxygen by an individual, opening the regulating valve opens to delivery oxygen to the user. The oxygen regulating valve remains open even after termination of the electric current. After a predetermined timed delivery dose or upon exhalation by the individual, a subsequent temporary electric charge or current is provided to oxygen regulating valve, closing the regulating valve closes to prevent delivery of oxygen to the user, thus conserving oxygen. The oxygen regulating valve remains closed even after termination of the subsequent electric current.

Abstract: A respiratory mask is reduced in size to better fit patients with smaller faces by folding accordion folds of the mask. An adjustment member allows for selective folding of the accordion folds, thereby determining the size of the mask. The respiratory mask can thus be adjusted to fit both larger and smaller persons.

Abstract: A nasal air filter to be attached to the human nose and upper lip, to filter the air breathed by the wearer, comprising of a thin, flat flexible housing 10 having sufficient size to substantially fit the contours of the human nose and upper lip, with adhesive added to the backing of the housing to apply the invention securely to the nose and upper lip, with an inserted aluminum strip 16 added at the top of the invention to be fitted by the wearer to the bridge of the human nose, and with scores 14 made into to the housing material in the form of horizontal v to form pleats that when pinched by the wearer seal the housing to the human nose. The housing when fully applied forms a seal around the nose and upper lip, so that the only air breathed through the nose is drawn through the filter element 26 attached to the inside of the filter housing 24 by adhesive or heat and pulled through the housing at an opening in the housing 18 located approximately at the nostril.

Abstract: A medical device for overcoming upper airway obstruction when a patient is placed in a supine position, featuring a flat rectangular support base that attaches to the support frame perpendicularly, and a variation of lower jaw supports that attach to the support frame after encircling the patient's lower jaw.

Abstract: A surgical drape having a sheet. The sheet includes a distal side and a proximal side relative to a surgical patient. The drape also includes a surgical pouch connected to the distal side of the sheet. The surgical pouch is connected to the sheet via at least two elastomeric portions.

Abstract: A sports guard for placing in a mouth of a user is disclosed. The guard includes generally a base member having a generally U-shaped form corresponding to the outline of a jaw of a user defining an upper channel within which an upper row of teeth of a user can be received. The guard also discloses a teeth engaging element associated with the channel which is made of a material able to be user conformed or user moulded to the mouth of the user. The guard also includes shock absorption means associated with the base member for absorbing impact shock. The shock absorption means comprises open channels in the base member that function much like air springs. Further the base member advantageously comprises polyethylene mixed with up to 10% of EVA. The addition of EVA gives the guard more flexibility. The teeth engaging element is made of EVA.

Abstract: A system used in the deconditioning of compulsive fingernail biting includes motivating behavior at timed intervals. A method of negative feedback using positive responses is in most cases is curative of the compulsion. The timing interval between behavior motivation sessions can be adjusted for best effects in a given habitué. One version has no electronics and is used as a decoy finger for biting thus sparing the natural ones.

Abstract: A subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is disclosed which has an electrically active canister which houses a source of electrical energy, a capacitor, and operational circuitry that senses the presence of potentially fatal heart rhythms. At least one subcutaneous electrode that serves as the opposite electrode from the canister is attached to the canister via a lead system. Cardioversion-defibrillation energy is delivered when the operational circuitry senses a potentially fatal heart rhythm. There are no transvenous, intracardic, or epicardial electrodes. A method of subcutaneously implanting the cardioverter-defibrillator is also disclosed as well as a kit for conducting the method.

Abstract: The invention describes a filter (1) with a first filter portion (6) comprising an adsorbent, for example carbon, and/or a catalyst, capable of reducing various vapour phase constituents of cigarette smoke. The adsorbent/catalyst is separated from a second filter portion by means of a barrier (2) having pores therein of pore size less than 0.1 ?m. The invention also describes a smoking article in which a rod of smoking material, with or without encapsulated flavour, is attached to the above described filter.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device and method for curling hair. A fabric strip impregnated with hair lotion is placed along the length of a twisted section of dry hair, and beginning at the tips of the hair, the hair is wound around the central portion of the fabric strip and the ends of the fabric strip may then be securely tied. The hair is then left to allow the curls to set. In a second embodiment of the invention, the lotion impregnated fabric strips may be used in conjunction with cylindrical hair rollers.

Abstract: Hair grip comprising two jaws (1, 3) articulated about a joint (61, 62; 81, 82; 54; 29) for relative displacement into an open or closed position and a connection (11) joining each jaw to exert a return force by a deformation in elongation against the displacement of the two jaws from the closed position to the open position in order to return the two jaws to the closed position. According to the invention, the connection is produced in an elastomer material having a Shore A hardness of between 60 and 90 and the two jaws (1, 3) are provided with perforations (22, 24) through which the connection (11) is introduced at one free end to be fixed to the two jaws by fixing means. Preferably the fixing means consist of an attached part engaging the free end of the connection (11), more preferably a U-shaped clip.

Abstract: A cosmetics and cosmetic goods keeping case is provided. In the cosmetics and cosmetic goods keeping case including an upper body and a lower body coupled with each other, a cosmetic goods receiving device in which a pressing inclined segment and a plurality of small and large setting grooves in which cosmetic goods are settled are formed is coupled with the internal space of a lower body in which a supporting wall from which an elastically supporting device of an elastic spring protrudes is formed and steps and left and right protrusion-shaped rails are formed in the internal surfaces of a rear main wall and left and right main walls. Slide grooves are formed around the left and right main walls that form a plurality of cosmetics receiving parts in the internal surfaces of the lower body. A cosmetics receiving case in whose front part a locking groove and a pressing plate are formed is received to be pressed by an elastic spring so that a locking step is locked to the locking groove.

Abstract: The invention provides a cleaning device for cleaning or rinsing a wafer disposed in a cleaning bath by cleaning fluid in the cleaning bath including a front wall that configures the cleaning bath by being in abutment with a device body and is formed with an opening corresponding to a contour of the target object; a wafer holding device being capable of holding a rear face of the target object carried into the inner side of the one side wall through the opening from the outside of the one side wall and holding the target object in a vertically upright position; and a pins provided on a circumference of the opening on an inner surface of the one side wall for defining a clearance between the wafer and the circumference of the opening by being in contact with the rear face of the target object.

Abstract: Rinsing and drying a surface of a microelectronic device and the enhanced removal of rinse fluid from the surface of the microelectronic device while the microelectronic device is rotated is provided as part of a spray processing operation. Rinse fluid is generally directed to the surface of the microelectronic device by a dispensing device while one or more such microelectronic devices are supported on a turntable in a generally horizontal fashion. Drying gas is supplied after the rinsing step. During at least a portion of both rinsing and drying steps, a drying enhancement substance, such as IPA, is delivered to enhance the rinsing and drying. Particle counts and evaporation thicknesses are reduced by delivering a tensioactive compound like IPA, during at least portions of the rinsing and drying steps while a microelectronic device is controllably rotated.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a semiconductor wafer, including the steps of supplying a mixed solution of a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide solution to a bath; loading the semiconductor wafer into the bath such that the semiconductor wafer is dipped into the mixed solution, and rinsing the semiconductor wafer with the mixed solution; draining the mixed solution and supplying deionized water to the bath, and rinsing the semiconductor wafer with the deionized water; and draining the deionized water and supplying isopropyl alcohol to the bath, and drying the semiconductor wafer with isopropyl alcohol.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus includes a substrate holding mechanism which holds a substrate, a scrub brush for scrubbing a surface of the substrate held by the substrate holding mechanism to remove foreign matter from the substrate surface, a treatment liquid supplying mechanism which supplies an alkaline treatment liquid to the substrate surface when the substrate is scrubbed with the scrub brush, and an alkaline fluid supplying mechanism which supplies an alkaline fluid to a surface of the scrub brush in a standby period during which no substrate is scrubbed with the scrub brush.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a cleaning process for a medical instrument, includes the steps of placing the instrument in a cleaning chamber; placing a soil standard in the cleaning chamber; cleaning the instrument and the soil standard with a cleaning solution; and detecting whether soil remains on said soil standard. The soil standard includes two substantially parallel substrates separated with two substantially equal thickness spacers, wherein a gap is formed between the two substrates with soil in the gap.

Abstract: A control device and method for detecting and controlling a water fill level in a dishwasher or other similar appliance that includes a pump motor is provided. The control monitors the pump motor current over time, determines a current change, and compares the current change to a threshold current change that is indicative of the water level.

Abstract: A system and method for cleansing, including cleaning, disinfection, sterilization and decontamination comprises apparatus for generating and issuing superheated vapor including at least one (1) sterilant, the liquid from which the superheated vapor is generated comprising solution of sterilant and in some applications at least one anticorrosive and includes control for exposure to said superheated vapor. A method for cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing, and decontaminating includes the steps of directing superheated vapor under pressure including at least one sterilant therein toward the object to be cleaned, disinfected, sterilized and decontaminated and may include provision of an anticorrosion reagent therein. Apparatus may provide a tortuous path such as to expose an object to be cleaned, sterilized, disinfected, or decontaminated in various aspects such as to treat substantially the entire object, either through use of manual intervention or substantially wholly automated.

Abstract: An on-off valve 81 is opened during rinsing, whereby a part of DIW supplied to a processing liquid supply section 43 is guided into inside a suction pipe 82. After rinsing, a puddle is formed between a lower cleaning nozzle 29 and the bottom surface of a wafer. As the on-off valve 81 is opened while an on-off valve 86 is kept close, the puddle is sucked at a first speed (V1) which is regulated by a needle valve 85 and set to a relatively slow speed. Once the puddle is collected into inside the lower cleaning nozzle 29, the on-off valve 86 is opened so that the puddle is sucked at a second speed (V2) which is regulated by a needle valve 84 and which is faster than said first speed.

Abstract: Provided is an actuator for use with an aerosol can drain clearing device that removes a drain blockage with pressurized gas contained in the aerosol can. The actuator includes an actuator piece with an actuator dome having a dome aperture therethrough and at least one sidewall that circumscribes the dome aperture. One end of the sidewall is slanted and forms a gas-tight seal with a sink drain flange circumscribing a sink drain. In one embodiment, the actuator includes a coupling piece configured to slidably coupled to the actuator piece at one portion of the coupling piece. In use with a pressurized gas aerosol can, the aerosol can is coupled to another portion of the coupling piece.

Abstract: A method for the on-line cleaning of a heat exchanger used with petroleum process fluids which create coke deposits of asphaltenic origin on the exchanger tubes. The asphaltenes are removed by re-dissolution in a solvent oil of high solubility power for the asphaltenes. Certain asphaltenic crudes are useful as solvents in view of their chemical similarity to the asphaltene coke precursors; also useful are refined petroleum fractions such as gas oils which are also characterized by their solvency for asphaltenes. The solvent oil may be admitted to the heat exchanger following withdrawal of the process fluid and then allowed to soak and dissolve the asphaltene coke precursors after which the resulting solution may be withdrawn and the exchanger returned to use without being at any time disconnected from its associated process unit.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a processing chamber that includes heating an inner surface of the processing chamber to a first temperature. The first temperature can be sufficient to cause a first species to become volatile. The first species can be one of several species deposited on the inner surface. A cleaning chemistry is injected into the processing chamber. The cleaning chemistry can be reactive with a second one of the species to convert the second species to the first species. The volatilized first species can also be output from the processing chamber. A system for cleaning the process chamber is also described.

Abstract: A method for the pre-treatment of a wafer that has been treated to an ammonia plasma. The pre-treatment can neutralize the poisoning effects caused by the ammonia plasma, which can prevent proper etching in subsequent steps.

Abstract: A system for on-wing engine washing and water reclamation is provided. The system has at least one spray device for introducing a cleaning liquid containing at least water into the engine while the engine is being operated, and an effluent trough for collecting the cleaning liquid from an exit end or underneath side of the engine. In a preferred embodiment, a source of the cleaning liquid and the effluent trough are located on a mobile unit. Further, a treatment system for treating the collected cleaning liquid is also located on a mobile unit.

Abstract: A method for cleaning and transporting rubber stoppers includes the steps of ejecting pressurized water, fed from a water storage division, from a jet nozzle to form a jet stream flowing into a negative pressure-creating pipe for suction to create a negative pressure inside the negative pressure-creating pipe; transporting rubber stoppers placed in a storage section to the negative pressure-creating pipe through a cleaning inlet port placed under the storage section using the negative pressure; cleaning the rubber stoppers with the jet stream while the rubber stoppers are being transported through the negative pressure-creating pipe and then a transportation pipe directly connected to the negative pressure-creating pipe; transporting the rubber stoppers to a water separation section to remove water from the rubber stoppers; and transporting the rubber stoppers to a stocker for storing the cleaned rubber stopper.

Abstract: An automatic dishwasher comprises an open-faced cabinet defining a wash chamber and a utensil rack mounted within the wash chamber. The utensil rack comprises a frame mounted to the cabinet and a basket removably mounted to the frame, and the frame and the basket are configured such that the basket is vertically adjustable relative to the frame. Additionally, the basket comprises a plurality of basket elements that are complementary to form a whole basket. Further, the dishwasher includes a pair of slides for slidably mounting the frame to the cabinet. The slides comprise a track that slidably receives a wheel on the utensil rack and includes an access opening for insertion or removal of the wheel from the track. A closure for selectively closing the access opening prevents undesired removal of the wheel from the track.

Abstract: A dishwasher and assembly method thereof are disclosed, by which an overall height of the dishwasher is reduced, by which water can stably flow and by which assembly efficiency can be enhanced. The present invention includes a sump accommodating water therein and a wash pump assembled to the sump in a lateral direction to circulate the water within the sump.

Abstract: In a solution change processing which comprises: changing a processing solution stored in a processing bath, specifically deionized water for sulfuric acid; and controlling the temperature of sulfuric acid so changed to a predetermined temperature, first, deionized water is discharged from a processing bath and an external bath. Subsequently, sulfuric acid is supplied from a supplying nozzle to the external bath. Subsequently, an upper circulating process is started by opening and closing a predetermined valve, while allowing a pump and a temperature controller be operated. At the time the temperature of a processing solution is higher than a predetermined value, an inside circulating process is carried out by opening and closing a predetermined valve, while having the pump and the temperature controller keep operating.

Abstract: A dry-air supplying duct and a dry-air exhaust duct are opposite each other across a processing tank. Inside the dry-air supplying duct, a plurality of ventilation guides are provided that extend horizontally by a predetermined length from an end of the dry-air supplying duct, and a plurality of ventilation paths are formed by the plurality of ventilation guides. To an end of the dry-air supplying duct, a partition plate is attached such that it blocks a part of the plurality of ventilation paths. Also inside the dry-air supplying duct, a partition plate is attached such that it blocks a part of the plurality of ventilation paths. These partition plates are disposed in upper part of the dry-air supplying duct. As a result, an opening for injection of dry air is formed in a lower part of the dry-air supplying duct.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning wafers using the CMP process includes a transport device of a feeding station at the beginning of a cleaning line which has a plurality of transport rollers disposed and driven transversely to the direction of transport. The cleaning line transports polished wafers to a main cleaning station having several pairs of transport rollers for transporting the wafers through the main cleaning station and several pairs of cleaning rollers for cleaning the wafers, wherein a supply of a cleaning medium to the pairs of cleaning rollers is provided in the main cleaning station. A withdrawal station is disposed at the end of the cleaning line in which a robot takes up a wafer and transports it to a drying station, wherein the withdrawal station has a first detector.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from synthetic resin material containers using a first organic solvent system and a second carbon dioxide system. The organic solvent is utilized for removing the contaminants from the synthetic resin material and the carbon dioxide is used to separate any residual organic solvent from the synthetic resin material.

Abstract: To provide a substrate treating apparatus for keeping a substrate in contact with a treating tool under a prescribed pressure. According to this invention, a bracket 10 which is hoisted or lowered by a hoisting/lowering device 15 is provided with a treating tool 3 for carrying out the treatment such as cleaning for the surface of a substrate in contact with the surface under a prescribed pressure therefor, an operating shaft 4 with the treating tool 3 attached thereto, a holding member 6 for holding the operating shaft 4 freely only in its rotating direction, a servomotor 11 coupled to the holding member 6, for moving up and down the operating shaft 4, and a rotary motor 8 coupled with the operating shaft 4 through a pin joint 9. Separately from the hoisting/lowering device 15 for the bracket 10, the servo motor 11 for moving up and down the operating shaft 4 is provided.

Abstract: An umbrella for use as a temporary shield on a golf cart is provided. The umbrella comprises a shaft, a handle, and a canopy assembly. The canopy assembly has an annular hub encircling the shaft, a plurality of ribs extending radially outwardly from the annular hub, and a transparent canopy draped over and secured to the plurality of ribs. Fasteners disposed on selected ones of the plurality of ribs secure the umbrella to the golf cart such that the umbrella performs as the temporary shield for the golf cart. As such, the umbrella shields and protects the golf cart user from one or more of the rain, the wind, and the sun.

Abstract: An umbrella that includes a plurality of support members for supporting a canopy, and a pivot assembly coupled with each of the support members allowing the support members to move between an open position and a collapsed position. The plurality of support members define an outer perimeter of the umbrella. A handle engages one of the plurality of support rods at the outer perimeter offset from a center of the umbrella. A shoulder support may be coupled to one of the support members.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a foot assembly for use with a walker may include an attachment assembly for engaging a leg tube of the walker. A coupling device, such as a screw, may be used to couple the attachment assembly with a slider foot. The coupling device permits rotational and angular movement between the attachment assembly and the slider foot. In some embodiments, the walker may include three or four legs which are connected by a structure which maintains the legs in a fixed spatial relationship. A separate foot assembly may be affixed to one or more of the legs of the walker.

Abstract: In a thermoelectric transducer, a plurality of P-type thermoelectric devices and N-type thermoelectric devices are alternately arranged on an insulating board, and each of a plurality of electrode members is connected to two end portions of adjacent N-type and P-type thermoelectric devices for electrically connecting the adjacent N-type and P-type thermoelectric devices. Furthermore, a plurality of heat exchanging members each of which includes an electrode portion connectable to the electrode member and a heat exchanging portion for exchanging heat transmitted from the electrode portion are located at two sides of a thermoelectric device substrate to form a heat absorbing part and a heat radiating part partitioned from each other. The electrode portions and the heat exchanging portions have, respectively, the same shapes, and the electrode portions and the heat exchanging portions are arranged in the same direction in all the heat exchanging members of each heat absorbing or radiating part.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric-conversion element whose physical strength is high, whose generating capacity is large, whose probability of being damaged during its manufacturing process is low, and whose manufacture requires a relatively small number of man-hours. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing the thermoelectric-conversion element.

Abstract: A temperature variation power generator comprising a plurality of N type and P type semiconductor elements to form an electronic component with two extension wires on the front and end, the N type and P type semiconductor elements are aligned in array and fixed by two heat-conductive boards on top and bottom. Based on the structure described above, while application, users can heat or freeze on the surface of one of the boards, the heat absorbed by the board is transmitted to the bottom of the N type and P type semiconductor elements, the temperature variation between top and bottom of the N type, P type semiconductor elements generates weak electrical current, the electronic component accumulates all the weak current in series to form a electrical power with proper voltage and current available to be applied on small DC motors or small 3C electronic devices.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion unit can easily be attached to and detached from a heater, in which lower electrodes are formed on the upper surface of a lower substrate, placed in opposition to an upper substrate, on the lower surface of which are formed upper electrodes; end faces of thermoelectric elements are bonded to both the electrodes to form a thermoelectric conversion module. A heat-absorbing member having a protruding engagement portion is installed on one of the substrates of the thermoelectric conversion module, and a heat-releasing member is installed on the other substrate, to form a thermoelectric conversion portion. A heat-conducting portion having a engagement hole portion is installed on the outer peripheral surface of a lamp, to form the light-source lamp portion. By engaging the protruding engagement portion with the engagement hole portion, the light-source lamp portion can be detachably attached to the thermoelectric conversion portion.

Abstract: A thermocouple mounting assembly is provided. A plurality of retainers includes portions that are interengageable, some portions carried by a body and some portions carried by a thermocouple assembly to effect releasable mounting of a thermocouple assembly to a body. The retainers are constructed and shaped to provide for their formation by a molding process such as die-casting or investment casting, eliminating or substantially eliminating the need for machining of the retainer components. Preferably, there is an audible sound, e.g., click, present to signify when the retainers are interengaged.

Abstract: A thermoelectric transducer includes a thermoelectric device assembly and a pair of heat exchanging member assemblies arranged at both sides of the thermoelectric device assembly. The thermoelectric device assembly includes a plurality of P-type thermoelectric devices, a plurality of N-type thermoelectric devices, a first holding plate for holding the thermoelectric devices, and a plurality of electrode members for electrically connecting the thermoelectric devices. Each of the heat exchanging member assemblies includes a plurality of heat exchanging members provided in correspondence with the plurality of electrode members, and a second holding plate located for holding the plurality of heat exchanging members. Each of the plurality of electrode members has an outer periphery that contacts one surface of the second holding plate in a state where the electrode member is connected to the heat exchanging member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar cell that absorbs a light source within a spectrum range from ultraviolet to far infrared with two surfaces by an absorption layer made of a semiconductor.