Abstract: Cooling air provided to a compressor air inlet such that water vapor in the inlet air condenses to lower a moisture content of the air provided to the compressor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing liquefied natural gas. A liquefaction plant may be coupled to a source of unpurified natural gas, such as a natural gas pipeline at a pressure letdown station. A portion of the gas is drawn off and split into a process stream and a cooling stream. The cooling stream passes through an expander creating work output. A compressor may be driven by the work output and compresses the process stream. The compressed process stream is cooled, such as by the expanded cooling stream. The cooled, compressed process stream is expanded to liquefy the natural gas. A gas-liquid separator separates the vapor from the liquid natural gas. A portion of the liquid gas is used for additional cooling. Gas produced within the system may be recompressed for reintroduction into a receiving line or recirculation within the system for further processing.

Abstract: A long-term cryogen storage system comprising a storage tank shell substantially filled by a nanoporous material in which a stored cryogen is subject to a dramatically lower boil-off rate than when stored in its bulk state. The nanoporous material provides a storage medium in which the cryogen has a higher surface energy term due to extreme surface curvature provided by the nanopores of the storage medium. As a result, the cryogen exhibits an altered thermodynamic state relative to its bulk fluid state and has a substantially reduced vapor pressure, an effectively higher vaporization enthalpy (?Hv), and a lower boiloff rate for a given rate of heat leakage through the storage tank shell.

Abstract: A mobile system for dispensing cryogenic liquid to a use point includes a low pressure bulk tank containing a supply of cryogenic liquid and a high pressure sump in communication with the bulk tank so as to receive cryogenic liquid therefrom. A heat exchanger is in communication with the sump and selectively receives and vaporizes a portion of cryogenic liquid from the sump. The resulting vapor is directed to the sump so as to increase the pressure therein. A pressure builder is in circuit between the sump and the bulk tank. The pressurized cryogenic liquid may be dispensed from the sump via a dispensing hose or directed to the pressure builder so as to pressurize the bulk tank. If the latter is selected, pressurized cryogenic liquid is dispensed from the bulk tank via a second dispensing hose. Operation of the system valves is automated by a controller.

Abstract: A cryogen tank in thermal and mechanical attachment with the equipment to be cooled. Direct thermal conduction between the cryogen and the equipment provides the required cooling. The tank is preferably arranged so as to lie within an existing profile of the cooled equipment, and to be relatively small as compared to known cryogen tanks.

Abstract: The amount of heat for thermal regeneration of an adsorber (80) is increased by making the sensible heat zone (R) for refrigerant (106) in a refrigeration cycle larger than that for R22.

Abstract: A new feedback linearization approach to advanced control of single-unit and multi-unit HVAC systems is described. In accordance with the approach of the invention, this new nonlinear control includes a model-based feedback linearization part to compensate for the nonlinearity in the system dynamics. Therefore, the evaporating temperature and superheat values can be controlled by linear PI control designs to achieve desired system performance and reliability. The main advantages of the new nonlinear control approach include (1) better performance even with large model errors, (2) being able to adapt to indoor unit turn on/off operation, (3) much smaller PI control gains compared to that of current feedback PI controls, (4) much easier design procedures since there is no need for tuning the PI control gains over wide range operation.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for detecting ice crystal formation on a heat exchange surface in an ice-making machine comprises at least one microphone monitoring the sound made by a rotating blade assembly within the ice-making machine during ice slurry formation. A filter filters the output of the microphone to remove background noise. A comparator receives the output of the filter and compares the filtered microphone output with a threshold to determine if the filtered microphone output signifies ice crystal formation on the heat exchange surface. The operation of the ice-making machine can then be adjusted in a manner to allow the formed ice crystals to be removed from the heat exchange surface.

Abstract: A system and method for refrigeration timer control having an energy efficient defrost cycle are provided. The system and method provide a delay time after the refrigeration cycle and prior to the defrost cycle. During this delay period the evaporator fan may run. The fan circulation and the heat from the fan coil provide a pre-warm cycle to the evaporator prior to the defrost cycle. To further enhance energy efficiency, the system and method may also provide a pre-refrigeration cycle after the defrost cycle. During this pre-refrigeration cycle only the compressor is energized. This prevents warm moist air from being circulated until the evaporator coils are cooled.

Abstract: A heat pump is provided with a method and control for eliminating compressor un-powered reverse rotation at shutdown. In particular, the position of the four-way reversing valve is changed and the heat pump is moved to the opposite mode of operation as compared to the one it had been operated before shutdown. The compressed refrigerant, that might otherwise re-expand through the compressor and cause the compressor to run in reverse, is now communicated to the suction line of the compressor, while the discharge port of the compressor communicates with a refrigerant at suction pressure. Thus the unpowered reverse rotation of the compressor is no longer possible.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cooling and heating system in which a refrigerant is used in a supercritical state and in which cooling and heating capacity can be controlled so as to maximize a coefficient of performance. A cooling and heating system 130 includes: an outdoor unit 101 indicating a compressor 102 and an outdoor heat exchanger 103a; a plurality of indoor units 105 including indoor heat exchangers 106; a high pressure tube 111; a low pressure tube 112; and an intermediate tube 113.

Abstract: A water-cooled air conditioning system using a regenerative condenser water circuit to reheat the supply air during a dehumidification mode. The air conditioning system may be any type of water-cooled system, including a water source heat pump or water-cooled air conditioner. The reheat circuit circulates water leaving the condenser through the reheat heat exchanger and then returns the water to the condenser inlet. Thus, the reheat circuit ensures that water leaving the condenser is warm enough to provide sufficient reheating for the supply air, regardless of the water source temperature. In addition, a modulation assembly controls the amount of water flowing through the reheat circuit, and thereby its temperature, so that the temperature of the reheated supply air can be maintained within a narrow range.

Abstract: An adaptive defrost control method and device for controlling a damper door during a defrost cycle is provided. Before entering the defrost cycle, the adaptive defrost control logic determines if the damper door is open. If the damper door is open, the defrost cycle is suspended until the door is closed. If the damper door is closed, the adaptive defrost control logic activates a barrier between the damper door motor and a power supply so that the damper door may not be opened during the defrost cycle. After the defrost cycle is completed, the adaptive defrost control logic removes the barrier between the damper door motor and a power supply. The damper door may then be opened and closed as necessary. Accordingly, warm moist air from the defrost cycle does not enter the fresh food compartment.

Abstract: A damper assembly for use in a refrigeration system having a temperature adjustable compartment is presented. The damper assembly comprises a housing and a damper door assembly rotatable therein. The housing includes a flange that cooperates with a semicircular flange of the damper door assembly to form two air flow channels in the housing. When the damper door is open, chilled air from the freezer compartment is allowed to circulate through the damper assembly and through the compartment to provide a quick chill mode of operation. The damper door is also rotatable to a closed position that allows air to circulate within the damper assembly and the compartment. A heater may be included to provide a quick defrost mode of operation.

Abstract: There are provided a refrigerating device capable of efficiently performing a refrigerant recovering operation even in a case where there are disposed a plurality of heat absorbing units functioning in different temperature zones, and a refrigerator including this refrigerating device. A refrigerating device 30 includes a compressor 1, a radiator 2, an expansion valve 3, a gas-liquid separator 4, a first heat absorbing unit 10 through which a liquid refrigerant from this gas-liquid separator 4 flows, and a second heat absorbing unit 11, and the refrigerating device performs a refrigerant recovering operation of stopping circulation of the refrigerant into the second heat absorbing unit 11, operating the compressor 1, recovering the refrigerant stored in a heat sink 58, and sending the refrigerant to the gas-liquid separator 4 to store the refrigerant in a state in which circulation of the refrigerant into the first heat absorbing unit 10 is stopped after ending a freezing operation.

Abstract: To enable a control valve for a variable displacement compressor, which operates by sensing a differential pressure between discharge pressure and suction pressure or between the discharge pressure and crankcase pressure, to enhance compression efficiency inside the compressor. In the control valve for a variable displacement compressor, according to the present invention, after a valve element on a high pressure side closes a valve hole, a valve element on a low pressure side opens a valve hole. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate a region in which both the valves on the high pressure side and the low pressure side are simultaneously open. This makes it possible to prevent refrigerant introduced into a crankcase from being immediately delivered, which makes it possible to obtain a sufficient compression efficient.

Abstract: A heat storage apparatus includes heat storage panels having primary fluid passages formed therein; passage plates having secondary fluid passages formed therein; and heat reservoirs. The heat storage panels and the passage plates are layered alternately, and the heat reservoirs are interposed between the heat storage panels and the passage plates in such a manner that the heat reservoirs, the heat storage panels and the passage plates are adhered to one another. Protrusions are formed on surfaces of the heat storage panels in such a manner that the heat reservoirs are supported by the protrusions.

Abstract: A mounting assembly (30) for mounting an evaporator (21) of a refrigeration system (20) to an electronic component (10) includes a housing member (31) and a clamping member (32). The housing member defines a through hole (33) with the electronic component located therein. The evaporator is received in the through hole and located in axial alignment with the electronic component. The evaporator defines therein a fluid flow channel (25) for passage of a refrigerant fluid. The refrigeration system is in fluid communication with the fluid flow channel of the evaporator to supply refrigerant fluid thereto. The clamping member is attached to the housing member and has an abutting portion (84) integrally formed therefrom for exerting an uniform force to the evaporator to maintain the evaporator in thermal contact with the electronic component.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to obviate the need for rubber hoses or other flexible rubber compensation elements, which prevent the transmission of vibrations to the vehicle body. To achieve this, the pipelines of an air conditioning system including their pipe couplings (42-45) are configured entirely of metal with an external diameter, in relation to the compressor, of less than 11 mm on the discharge side and less than 13 mm on the suction side. A damping curvature (35, 36) is also configured in the pipelines (6?, 12?) that connect the compressor to a heat exchanger, in addition to at least one curvature (37-40) required by the installation geometry of the conduit system. The system is also equipped with a pipeline, designed to restrict the flow of operating fluid, said pipeline being configured as a particularly thin pipe with an internal diameter of capillary-tube type proportions, designed to restrict the flow and an external diameter ranging between 2 and 4 mm.

Abstract: An air conditioner indoor unit has a casing main body and a front panel. The casing main body has an outlet for passing air out into a room. The front panel covers the outlet as seen in a front surface view, Furthermore the front panel opens and closes the outlet. In addition, the front panel has a projection area greater than the outlet as seen in a front view when the outlet is closed.

Abstract: A wine cooler unit has a refrigerated cabinet housing two pull-out assemblies, each having a door panel and one or more wine racks. One rack can be mounted to the door panel, and one or more follower racks can be extended and retracted by movement of the door panel mounted rack, or by independent manual movement thereof. Two or more racks can be pulled out from the cabinet in a staggered or cascading fashion in which an upper rack extends from the cabinet to a lesser extent than a next lower rack to provide access to the bottles on each rack. The door panels can be made of a glass thermopane allowing visual inspection of the contents inside the cabinet. The cabinet can be cooled by a refrigeration system having two evaporators, which provide two independent cooling zones, one for each pull-out assembly. A capacitance-operated control can be provided under the glass front of one door panel for controlling the temperature zones inside the cabinet.

Abstract: In order to improve a refrigerant compressor for refrigerating systems comprising at least one cylinder unit, which has a cylinder housing and a piston which can move in an oscillating manner in the cylinder housing, a cylinder head, with an inlet chamber, flowed through by an inlet flow of the at least one cylinder unit, and with an outlet chamber, passed through by an outlet flow of the at least one cylinder unit, and a switching valve for interrupting the inlet flow in such a way that it can be operated in any desired part-load range, it is proposed that a control for activating the switching valve is provided, which control, for operating the refrigerant compressor in a lower part-load range, operates the switching valve in successive switching intervals, respectively comprising an opening interval and a closing interval of the switching valve, which are shorter than a shortest time period after which a temperature of an evaporator in the operating refrigerating system has risen by approximately 10% durin

Abstract: Deep-freezing apparatus for foodstuffs comprising a deep-freezing compartment, signal display means, sensor means adapted to detect the temperature inside the foodstuffs stored in said deep-freezing compartment, processing means for the signals generated by said sensor means, wherein the apparatus further comprises a neural network adapted to receive the signals issued by a temperature sensor situated inside the foodstuff being deep-frozen and by an information on the time elapsed from the beginning of the deep-freezing process, and further adapted to provide a signal representative of the residual time needed to reach a pre-set (deep-freezing) temperature, as well as processing means adapted to receive the signal output by said neural network and provide in response an information representative of the predicted time needed for a pre-determined temperature to be reached on said first temperature sensor.

Abstract: In the related art refrigerator, its structure for supplying water to a dispenser and water tank was complicated. In addition, since an icemaker is installed in a refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator, there is a problem in that the water supplied into the icemaker is frozen. Furthermore, if the icemaker is installed in the freezing chamber of the refrigerator in which the refrigerating chamber is formed at a lower portion thereof and a refrigerating chamber is formed at an upper portion thereof, there is another problem in that it is difficult to control the temperature in the refrigerating chamber or ice-making capability of the icemaker is lowered. The present invention is directed to a refrigerator.

Abstract: An airflow control system in refrigerators and freezers, which comprise: a refrigerating compartment (10; an air cooling compartment (20) lodging an (21) and a fan (22); and an air distributing plenum (23), receiving a forced airflow from the fan (22) and having a front wall (24) provided with air passages (25) through which the forced airflow is supplied to the interior of the refrigerating compartment (10), at least part of the air passages (25) provided in the front wall (25) of the air distributing plenum (23) being operatively associated with respective closing means (40), which are selectively displaced to different operative positions, in which they maintain the air passages (25) with a free area dimensioned as a function of the intensity of the forced airflow to

Abstract: An auxiliary box placed in an insulated chamber, vessel or container to produce a controlled temperature. The auxiliary box receives a coolant, such as dry ice (CO2), and is constructed to allow controlled escape of the coolant into the chamber, vessel or container at a predetermined rate thereby controlling and maintaining the temperature ranges in the chamber, vessel or container to be cooled at a substantial constant temperature.

Abstract: An ejector type refrigerating cycle comprises a compressor, a heat radiating device, an ejector, and a first vaporizing device, which are connected in a circuit to form a refrigerating cycle. A bypass passage is provided between an inlet port and a suction port of the ejector, so that a part of the refrigerant is bifurcated to flow through the bypass passage. A second vaporizing device is provided in the bypass passage. An internal heat exchanger is further provided between an outlet side of the heat radiating device and the inlet side of the ejector, so that the enthalpy of the high-pressure refrigerant from the heat radiating device is reduced, to thereby increase an enthalpy difference between the inlet side and outlet side of the first and second vaporizing devices. As a result, the cooling capability by the both vaporizing devices can be improved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a relatively constant temperature of a working fluid in an evaporator of a refrigeration system by providing a constant volumetric displacement compressor and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the high pressure and low pressure portions of a refrigeration circuit to superheat, and hold substantially constant, the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor. In doing this, the pressure of the refrigerant in the low pressure portion of the circuit, including the evaporator, and the mass flow rate of the refrigerant remain substantially constant. As a result, the temperature of the saturated refrigerant in the evaporator remains substantially constant.

Abstract: Volatile vapors are removed from a storage vessel by establishing a flow of a stream of volatile vapors from the storage vessel and directing the stream through a first low temperature condenser for condensing a portion of the stream flowing through the first low temperature condenser. Since a portion of the condensed condensate freezes and causes a pressure drop in the first low temperature condenser, further steps may include directing the stream from the first low temperature condenser through a second low temperature condenser after the pressure drop exceeds a setpoint, stopping the flow of the refrigerant through the first low temperature condenser and using the heat of the volatile vapor stream to melt the frozen condensate in the first low temperature condenser. The stream is switched between the condensers as necessary to prevent excessive plugging due to frozen condensate formation. The system includes the means for implementing the method.

Abstract: In an integrated process for separation of air, an air separation unit produces a stream enriched in oxygen and a stream enriched in nitrogen, the stream enriched in nitrogen is used to liquefy vaporized natural gas by indirect heat exchange and the stream enriched in oxygen is sent to a natural gas treatment unit.

Abstract: A gas processing plant has a de-ethanizer and a refluxed absorber, wherein the absorber operates at higher pressure than the de-ethanizer, and wherein at least a portion of the absorber bottoms product is expanded to provide cooling for the absorber reflux stream and/or the distillation column feed stream. Especially contemplated gas processing plants include propane and ethane recovery plants, and where the gas processing plant is an ethane recovery plant, it is contemplated that the ethane product comprises no more than 500 ppm carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Finger ring sets according to the present disclosure include a primary ring with one or more precious stones and or other ornamentation. A secondary ring may be hinged to engage and enclose the primary ring, the combination of the primary ring and the secondary ring presenting the image of a single ring. The secondary ring may include one or more precious stones and or other ornamentation and may be hinged with either a north-south or an east-west orientation. Portions of the secondary ring may also engage each other or the primary ring to further secure the primary ring.

Abstract: Particularly shaped articles constituted by silicon oxide, as such or with suitable additives, prepared by room temperature molding according to a process comprising: preparation of a sol starting from a silicon alcoxide, or from a silicon alcoxide and at least a precursor of at least one of the additional elements; hydrolysis of the sol obtained thereby; addition of colloidal silica; pouring the resulting mixture into the desired mould; sol gelling and fast removal of the solid product; gel drying; gel densification by means of a thermal treatment at temperature ranging from 900 ° C to 1500 ° C. The articles can be used as preforms for the optic fiber spinning.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic quartz glass that can be produced by direct precipitation by means of flame hydrolysis of a silicon precursor, especially a chlorine-containing silicon precursor, which quartz glass when irradiated with laser pulses at a wavelength of 193 nm at an energy density (H) of up to H=1.5 mJ/cm2 and at a repetition frequency of the laser pulses of up to R=4 kHz is characterized by the following properties: in the range of energy densities of up to 1.5 mJ/cm2, the equilibrium absorption of quartz glass rises sublinearly with the energy density for all repetition frequencies of the laser pulses; the dependency of the equilibrium absorption on the repetition frequency of the laser pulses is sublinear; and the relationship of equilibrium absorption and energy density (H) can be described as a function of H1.7; the H2 content being at least 0.2·1018 molecules/cm3. Other aspects of the invention relate to a process for producing such a synthetic quartz glass.

Abstract: The apparatus integrated with ceramic bushing/s for manufacturing mineral/basalt fibers from natural basalt rocks is disclosed. The apparatus and the ceramic bushing/s are integrated into one unit capable provide all operations which are needed: melt basalt rock materials, homogenize basalt glass body suitable for forming fibers to be drawn/attenuated into continuous fibers and gathered into a strand of elemental fibers from 7 to 20 micrometers (?m) in diameter. Also the coarse fibers at the diameters from 20 ?m to 100 micrometers (?m) having amorphous structural state which exhibit ductile/flexible properties. The ceramic bushing/s are designed to eliminate precious Pt, Rd metals using instead corrosion resistant ceramic materials to reduce basalt fiber products cost and to increase its commercial compatibility when compared to the other fibers currently been on the market in reinforced concrete/composite applications, including Three Dimension Fiber Reinforced Concrete-3D FRC.

Abstract: The socks according to the invention, in which socks an ankle part(5), heel part(2), instep part(4), sole part(7) and toe part(1) are connected by knitting in the form of a sack and completed by a suture line(3), are three-dimensionally formed by the feature that the sock(10) is provided with one or more enlarged parts(6a,6b,6c,6d), between a top toe part(1A) of the toe part(1) and the instep part(4) adjacent thereto, between a bottom toe part(1B) of the toe part(1) and the sole part(7) adjacent thereto, and between the ankle part(2) and the sole part(7) or between the heel part(2) and the ankle part(5). The socks are knitted so that the angle(?) formed by the sole horizontal(X) and the rear edge(Y) of the ankle part(5) is below 90°, so as to provide as much reserved space as possible to the toe and heel parts.

Abstract: A washing machine, with an unusually easy assembly, having an electric motor with a central axis and a washing tank having a fixing bracket, to fix the electric motor to the tank. The fixing bracket includes a first arm and a second arm. The machine has structure associated with at least one of the first and second arms to lock the central axis of the motor. The insertion of the central axis in the arm and the locking thereof are shown in different embodiments.

Abstract: A front-loading laundry appliance includes a housing having a substantially circular housing opening closable by a door and a drum rotatably mounted in the housing. The front end of the drum has a substantially circular drum opening for introducing or removing laundry. The drum has an at least approximately horizontal axis of rotation lying lower than a central axis of the housing opening. The housing opening has a first diameter and the drum opening has a second diameter, the first diameter being greater than the second diameter.

Abstract: Provided is a drying machine. The drying machine includes a base lower unit, a base upper unit, a moisture sensor mounting portion, and a moisture sensor. The base lower unit forms a passage within. The base upper unit is mounted on a top of the base lower unit to cover the passage. The moisture sensor mounting portion is formed on a top of the base upper unit. The moisture sensor is mounted on the moisture sensor mounting portion, to sense a moisture level of air flowing through the passage.

Abstract: An anti-theft device including a shaft divided into first and second brackets and a locking mechanism. First bracket defines first 300a and second 320a edges, second bracket defines first 300b and second 320b edges. First 320a and second 320b edges are hingedly connected such that first and second brackets can be opened or closed. Edge 300b includes at least one inner-flange and a locking tab. First bracket 260a includes sidewall 340a. Locking tab and sidewall 340a respectively define apertures 440 and 390. Apertures 440 and 390 are aligned upon closing the first and second brackets. When the first and second brackets are in a closed configuration, the locking mechanism is in operable communication with apertures 440 and 390 such that the locking mechanism is capable of reversibly locking first and second brackets together, and wherein the at least one inner flange prevents illicit tampering of the locking mechanism.

Abstract: A strap and closing assembly has a body section. The body section is in a shape of a torso. A head member is coupled to a top area of the body section. A first pair of straps is provided and has a first strap member having a first and second end and a second strap member having a first and second end. The first ends of the first and second strap members are coupled to a top area of the body section. The first pair of straps is in a shape of first appendages for the torso. A second pair of straps is provided and has a third strap member having a first and second end and a forth strap member having a first and second end. The first ends of the third and forth strap members are coupled to a bottom area of the body section. The second pair of straps is in a shape of second appendages for the torso.

Abstract: A padlock includes a housing, a locking hook, a number lock core unit, a locking barrel, and a locking member. When the locking end of the locking hook is located at the closed position, the locking member is driven by the locking barrel to move to a first position where the opening of the insertion recess of the locking member is closed by the protrusion of the housing and a second position where the opening of the insertion recess of the locking member is opened by the protrusion of the housing. Thus, the padlock that can limit or open an end of a locking hook to close or open the locking hook.

Abstract: A dual-lock type padlock includes a number lock module that is locked and unlocked by a user, and a key lock module that is unlocked by a specific key held by an inspector of the customs for checking the luggage locked by the padlock. Thus, after the key lock module is unlocked, the identification zone of the identification member is exposed outward from the window of the housing, so that the user only needs to see the window to judge if the padlock has been opened by the customs for checking the luggage without having to open the luggage locked by the padlock, thereby greatly saving the time for checking the luggage.

Abstract: A padlock comprises a lock body, a shackle, a block member, an elastic member, a combination locking device and a key locking device. The shackle is movable relative to the lock body between a locked position and an unlocked position, and the shackle has a first end movably installed in the lock body and a second end. The block member is movably connected to the lock body and comprises a button provided for retaining the second end of the shackle in the locked position, a supporter protruding from the button, and a base protruding from the supporter. The elastic member is installed around the button and has one end against the lock body and the other end against the supporter. The combination locking device is installed within the lock body for controlling movements of the shackle. The first end of the shackle is movable to the unlocked position when the combination locking device is unlocked.

Abstract: A casement lock for mounting on a cabinet part, especially without the use of a tool. A housing is adapted to be fixedly mounted in an opening of the cabinet part, and an operating shaft is rotatably mounted in the housing. A locking ring is disposed on an inner part of the housing to fasten the housing to the cabinet. The locking ring is axially displaceable on the housing part against the force of a spring supported on the housing. Projections on the housing axially engage in radially extending extensions of the cabinet opening. The locking ring has locking dogs that are offset relative to the housing projections and have inclined surfaces.

Abstract: A device for immobilizing the control pedals of a helicopter, aircraft or other vehicle protecting the same against theft or unauthorized use. The device is inserted between the two anti-torque control levers and locked in place with a padlock type lock. A conspicuous warning label is attached for notification of the device installation.

Abstract: With a method according to the invention for free bending, a workpiece to be machined, such as a sheet metal plate, is brought into contact with a bending edge of a lower die. A bending punching tool is moved opposite to the lower die, such that the sheet metal plate is bent by the punching tool in terms of generating a predetermined target bending angle across the bending edge. In this case, the achieved bending angle is measured at least after a first bending process and the bending force to be applied and the measuring curve resulting therefrom are determined during the bending process as a function of the traverse path of the bending punching tool.

Abstract: There are provided a high dimensional accuracy pipe and a manufacturing method thereof, the pipe being in response to wide requirements of sizes, being manufactured at inexpensive cost, and having a sufficient fatigue strength. The detailed structure thereof is as follows. A push-to-pass process is performed in which, while a plug 1 is being charged in a metal pipe 5, the metal pipe is pushed in a hole provided in a die 2 and is then allowed to pass therethrough. As a result, a high dimensional accuracy pipe can be obtained in which at least one of the deviation of the outer diameter, the deviation of the inner diameter, and the deviation of the thickness in the circumferential direction is 3.0% or less as processed.

Abstract: A device for machining the flange part of a wheel arch, wherein a machining mechanism includes, as general-purpose drive parts, first to third cylinders, and the work bending mold for bending the flange part of the wheel arch, work receiving mold, and work guide of the machining mechanism are replaceable with those of the other types. When a dedicated mold is replaced according to the shape of a work, the entire part of the machining mechanism must not be replaced, but merely the work bending mold, work receiving mold and work guide may be replaced with those of the other types.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a simple and reliable portable flashlight shaped instrument that combines in a first embodiment an array of a combination of ultraviolet, white and multicolor LED arrays in combination with a broad band hydrocarbon gas detector and, in a second embodiment, a combination of ultraviolet, white and infrared LED arrays. There is also a readily attachable collector cone with a plurality of magnifying lenses, which are removable and a kit assembly with an extender sleeve for the collector cone, and a collector cone heater chamber. Many types of hydrocarbons fluoresce under the influence of an ultraviolet light. This rugged constructed instrument will find trace amounts of suspect materials and is extremely easy to use. The built in gas detector is cable of detecting trace amounts of accelerants days after a fire.